Hoisting equipment and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment, in particular to hoisting equipment and a method thereof.The hoisting equipment comprises a chassis and a rotary table rotationally arranged on the chassis, and a hoisting arm and a balance weight adjusting mechanism are arranged on the rotary table; the balance weight adjusting mechanism comprises a driving part, a first balance weight adjusting assembly and a second balance weight adjusting assembly, and the driving part is connected with the first balance weight adjusting assembly and the second balance weight adjusting assembly. The first balance weight adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting frame and two balance weight bases installed on the adjusting frame, and the driving component is connected with the adjusting frame. The second balance weight adjusting assembly comprises a fixing plate fixed on the rotary table and at least one balance weight adjusting cylinder, and the balance weight adjusting cylinder is arranged on the fixing plate in a sliding mode and connected with the adjusting frame; the problem that a traditional fixed balance weight structure cannot be adjusted, and dynamic matching unbalance of the stabilizing moment and the overturning moment is prone to being caused is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment, in particular to a hoisting equipment and a method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the technical field of hoisting equipment, the design of the counterweight adjusting mechanism plays an important role in ensuring the stability and safety of the equipment operation. The traditional counterweight of the crane is usually fixedly assembled, and its installation position is generally the most rear position under the rear axle load that meets the requirements of national regulations, and it is fixedly installed on the rotating platform. Although this fixed counterweight structure has the advantage of simple structure, it has exposed many serious problems in actual application.

[0003] Due to the inability to adapt to changes in different working scenarios and load requirements, the fixed counterweight is difficult to maintain the optimal stability of the crane when facing different hoisted object weights. During operation, it is easy to cause imbalance in the dynamic matching of the stable moment and the overturning moment, which not only limits the maximum lifting capacity of the crane, but also greatly increases the risk of overturning. For example, when hoisting a heavy object, the fixed counterweight may not be able to provide enough stable moment to balance the overturning moment, causing the crane to be in an unstable state.

[0004] In addition, the fixed counterweight is usually installed on the rotating platform. If the counterweight is too large, it will cause a large load on the receiving part and rotating part of the rotating platform. Long-term operation in this high load state will accelerate the wear and damage of the rotating platform components, thereby greatly limiting the weight upper limit of the crane, which not only affects the service life of the crane, but also increases the maintenance cost and safety hazards of the equipment.

[0005] Therefore, the present application proposes a hoisting equipment and a method thereof to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a hoisting equipment to solve the problem of imbalance in the dynamic matching of the stable moment and the overturning moment caused by the inability to adjust the counterweight of the traditional fixed counterweight structure. The second purpose is to propose a method.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows: A hoisting equipment, comprising a chassis and a rotating platform rotatingly arranged on the chassis, wherein the rotating platform is provided with a hoisting arm and a counterweight adjusting mechanism; The counterweight adjusting mechanism comprises a driving component, a first counterweight adjusting assembly and a second counterweight adjusting assembly, wherein the driving component is connected with the first counterweight adjusting assembly and the second counterweight adjusting assembly respectively; The first counterweight adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting frame and two counterweight seats mounted on the adjusting frame, and the driving component is connected with the adjusting frame for driving the two counterweight seats to move away from or close to each other. The second counterweight adjusting assembly comprises a fixed plate fixed on the rotating table and at least one counterweight adjusting cylinder, which is slidably arranged on the fixed plate and connected with the adjusting frame. The driving component can drive the counterweight adjusting cylinder to move close to or away from the fixed plate. When the driving component drives the two counterweight seats to move away from each other, the counterweight adjusting cylinder moves towards the fixed plate to reduce the counterweight; when the two counterweight seats move close to each other, the counterweight adjusting cylinder moves away from the fixed plate to increase the counterweight.

[0008] Further, the adjusting frame comprises a mounting frame and an adjusting part, and the driving component is a cylinder fixedly arranged on the mounting frame, and a piston rod is connected with the piston end of the cylinder. The adjusting part comprises two connecting rods and two first connecting rods, one end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the connecting rod, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the mounting frame, the middle part of the connecting rod is hinged with a second connecting rod, and the free end of the second connecting rod is hinged with the piston rod. The two counterweight seats are respectively fixedly mounted on the two connecting rods.

[0009] Further, the counterweight adjusting cylinder comprises a fixed ring, a cylinder body and a fixed column, the fixed ring is fixedly connected with the fixed column, the fixed column is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, the cylinder body is sealingly and slidably connected with the fixed ring, and a counterweight cavity is formed in the cylinder body.

[0010] Further, a first counterweight ring, a second counterweight ring and a plurality of third counterweight rings are arranged in parallel in the cylinder body, the third counterweight rings are arranged between the first counterweight ring and the second counterweight ring, and cross connecting rods are arranged between the first counterweight ring, the second counterweight ring and the third counterweight rings. A connecting ring is fixedly arranged in the cylinder body, the connecting ring is fixedly connected with the cylinder body, the connecting ring is fixedly connected with the first counterweight ring, and the second counterweight ring is fixedly connected with the fixed ring.

[0011] Further, a connecting column is fixedly arranged on the piston rod, at least one third connecting rod is movably connected with the connecting column, a push rod is movably connected with the free end of the third connecting rod, and the push rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the cylinder body. The middle part of the third connecting rod is hinged on the bottom of the fixed plate.

[0012] Further, a pipeline is arranged in the counterweight cavity, a backflow counterweight tank is arranged on the base plate, counterweight liquid is arranged in the backflow counterweight tank, and the pipeline extends out of the barrel and communicates with the backflow counterweight tank.

[0013] Further, a driving member is arranged between the lifting arm and the rotating table, the driving member comprises a telescopic cylinder, a piston ring and a telescopic rod, the bottom of the telescopic cylinder is hinged to the rotating table, the piston ring is sealingly and slidably connected in the telescopic cylinder, the telescopic rod is fixedly arranged on the piston ring, and the top of the telescopic rod extends out of the telescopic cylinder and is hinged to the lifting arm. The piston ring divides the telescopic cylinder into a hydraulic cavity and an air cavity, and the air cavity is communicated with an air outlet pipe. The driving member comprises a cylinder body and a sliding block, the sliding block divides the cylinder body into an air inlet cavity and an air outlet cavity, and the air inlet cavity is communicated with the air outlet pipe.

[0014] Further, the counterweight seat comprises a plurality of counterweight steel plates, and each counterweight steel plate is detachably connected.

[0015] Further, the number of the counterweight adjusting barrels is two.

[0016] In another aspect, the application further provides a lifting method, comprising the lifting device as described above, and further comprising the following steps: S1, initial setting: calculating the counterweight range according to the lifting demand, checking the connection state of the counterweight steel plates and the sealing property of the counterweight liquid pipeline, and initializing the system to the standby state; S2, load detection: controlling the lifting arm to be unfolded, the gas driving the sliding block of the driving member to move, the sensor detecting the arm frame parameters and calculating the overturning moment; S3, linkage adjustment: the driving member driving the piston to act according to the load signal, the counterweight seat approaching to increase the force arm when the load is heavy, and the barrel moving to suck in the counterweight liquid to increase the counterweight; when the load is light, the counterweight seat separates to shorten the force arm, and the barrel resets to discharge the counterweight liquid to reduce the counterweight; S4, system stability: the system moment is balanced after adjustment, and the lifting arm is stably operated; after the operation is completed, each component is reset, and the equipment enters the standby state.

[0017] The application has the following beneficial effects: The application realizes multi-dimensional coordinated adjustment of the counterweight force arm and the counterweight weight by setting the first counterweight adjustment assembly and the second counterweight adjustment assembly which are linkage controlled by the same driving component, the first counterweight adjustment assembly drives two counterweight seats to move close to or away from each other through the four-bar linkage mechanism, and the length of the force arm of the counterweight gravity center and the rotation center is dynamically changed; the second counterweight adjustment assembly changes the volume of the internal cavity through the sliding counterweight adjustment cylinder, so as to adjust the mass of the counterweight medium, the compound adjustment mechanism can synchronously adjust the force arm and the counterweight mass when the lifting load changes, so that the stable torque is quickly and accurately matched with the overturning torque, and the stability and safety of the lifting operation are greatly improved, and the imbalance risk caused by the adjustment lag or limited capacity of the traditional fixed counterweight is fundamentally solved.

[0018] The application adopts the control mode of combining pneumatic linkage with hydraulic circuit, realizes automatic synchronization of the crane boom action and the counterweight adjustment, when the crane boom is lifted, the driving member hydraulic cavity enters oil to push the piston ring to move upwards, compresses the air cavity and pressurizes the gas into the driving component, and then drives the counterweight adjustment mechanism to increase the counterweight; when it is lowered, the opposite is true, without the intervention of an additional electronic control unit, the pure mechanical gas-liquid linkage responds quickly and has high reliability, not only significantly reduces the operation complexity and the risk of human misjudgment, but also effectively reduces the static load and dynamic impact of the turntable structure, prolongs the service life of the key components, and at the same time improves the self-adaptive ability and overall economy of the equipment under different working conditions.

[0019] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following specification, and will be learned from practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by means of the specific embodiments described hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight adjustment mechanism in one direction in the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the counterweight adjustment mechanism in the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 4 Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight adjustment mechanism in another direction in the crane equipment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the counterweight adjustment cylinder in the crane equipment of the present application;​ Figure 8 Figure 6 is a sectional view of the counterweight adjusting cylinder in the crane device of the present application; Figure 9 Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of the counterweight adjusting mechanism in the crane device of the present application; Figure 10 Figure 8 is a partial sectional view of the driving member in the crane device of the present application; Figure 11 Figure 9 is a schematic view of the principle of the counterweight adjusting mechanism in the crane device of the present application; Figure 12 Figure 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the cross link in the crane device of the present application when being extended and shortened.

[0021] Wherein, the chassis 1, the rotating platform 2, the crane arm 3, the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4, the driving member 5, the cylinder body 51, the sliding block 52, the air inlet cavity 53, the air outlet cavity 54, the first counterweight adjusting assembly 6, the adjusting frame 61, the mounting frame 611, the adjusting part 612, the connecting rod 6121, the first connecting rod 6122, the second connecting rod 6123, the piston rod 6124, the connecting column 6125, the third connecting rod 6126, the push rod 6127, the counterweight seat 62, the second counterweight adjusting assembly 7, the fixed plate 71, the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72, the fixed ring 721, the cylinder body 722, the fixed column 723, the counterweight cavity 724, the first counterweight ring 725, the second counterweight ring 726, the third counterweight ring 727, the cross link 728, the connecting ring 729, the pipeline 81, the backflow counterweight tank 82, the driving member 9, the telescopic cylinder 91, the piston ring 92, the telescopic rod 93, the hydraulic cavity 94, the air cavity 95, the air outlet pipe 96. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Other advantages and effects of the present application can be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the contents disclosed in the present specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied in other different specific embodiments, and the details in the present specification can be modified or changed in various ways based on different views and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present application, but not for limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only schematically illustrate the basic concept of the present application, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the drawings, but not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type can also be more complex.

[0024] The present embodiment proposes a crane device, such as Figures 1 to 12As shown, including chassis 1 and rotatingly arranged on the chassis 1 turntable 2, the turntable 2 is provided with a lifting arm 3 and counterweight adjusting mechanism 4; counterweight adjusting mechanism 4 includes driving component 5, first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 and second counterweight adjusting assembly 7, driving component 5 is connected with first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 and second counterweight adjusting assembly 7 respectively; first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 includes adjusting frame 61 and two counterweight seats 62 mounted on the adjusting frame 61, driving component 5 is connected with adjusting frame 61, for driving two counterweight seats 62 to move away from or close to each other; second counterweight adjusting assembly 7 includes a fixed plate 71 fixed on the turntable 2 and at least one counterweight adjusting cylinder 72, the number of counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 is preferably two in this embodiment, the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 is connected with the fixed plate 71 in sliding mode, and the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 is connected with the adjusting frame 61; driving component 5 can drive the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 to approach or move away from the fixed plate 71, wherein when driving component 5 drives two counterweight seats 62 to move away from each other, counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves towards the fixed plate 71 to reduce the counterweight; when two counterweight seats 62 move close to each other, counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves away from the fixed plate 71 to increase the counterweight.

[0025] The counterweight seat 62 includes a plurality of counterweight steel plates, each counterweight steel plate is detachably connected by bolt connection, and the detachable counterweight steel plate design allows users to quickly increase or decrease the number of counterweight blocks according to actual lifting requirements, so as to realize modular adjustment of the counterweight.

[0026] In this embodiment, the first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 changes the length of the force arm from the center of the counterweight to the hinge center of the lifting arm 3 by controlling the opening and closing of the counterweight seat 62 (position adjustment), and the second assembly changes the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 by sliding the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 (counterweight adjustment), both of which are connected by the same driving component 5, forming a double-dimension moment adjustment composite adjustment mechanism, when the lifting load increases, the counterweight seats 62 move close to each other to increase the force arm, and the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves away from the fixed plate 71 to increase the counterweight simultaneously, through the double action of force arm extension and mass increase, the overturning moment is quickly matched; on the contrary, when the load is light, the force arm is shortened and the mass is reduced to reduce the stable moment, which reduces the overload of the turntable 2 and improves the stability of the lifting operation.

[0027] Specifically, when driving component 5 drives two counterweight seats 62 of first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 to move away from each other on adjusting frame 61, adjusting frame 61 synchronously drives counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 of second counterweight adjusting assembly 7 to slide towards fixed plate 71, at this time, the effective counterweight of counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 is reduced; on the contrary, when two counterweight seats 62 move close to each other under the action of driving component 5, counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 synchronously slides away from fixed plate 71, the effective counterweight increases, which not only ensures the moment matching under different working conditions, but also avoids the defects of traditional fixed counterweight, can quickly and effectively adjust the counterweight, and solves the problem of stability and carrying capacity contradiction caused by single or unadjustable counterweight of traditional crane.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 to 6 The adjusting frame 61 comprises a mounting frame 611 and an adjusting part 612, and the driving part 5 in this embodiment is preferably a cylinder which is fixedly arranged at the right side of the mounting frame 611, and the piston rod 6124 is connected to the piston end of the cylinder.

[0029] As shown in Figure 6 The adjusting part 612 comprises two connecting rods 6121 and two first connecting rods 6122, one end of the first connecting rod 6122 is hinged to the connecting rod 6121, the other end of the first connecting rod 6122 is hinged to the mounting frame 611, the middle part of the connecting rod 6121 is hinged to the second connecting rod 6123, the free end of the second connecting rod 6123 is hinged to the piston rod 6124, and the two counterweight seats 62 are fixedly arranged on the two connecting rods 6121 respectively.

[0030] In this embodiment, the cylinder is fixed to the mounting frame 611, the piston rod 6124 is hinged to the two second connecting rods 6123, the other end of the second connecting rod 6123 is hinged to the middle part of the connecting rod 6121, and the connecting rod 6121, the first connecting rod 6122, the second connecting rod 6123 and the mounting frame 611 form a four-bar linkage structure; when the piston rod 6124 is extended, the second connecting rod 6123 is driven to rotate around the hinge point, the connecting rod 6121 is driven to swing outward around the hinge point of the first connecting rod 6122 and the mounting frame 611, at this time, the two connecting rods 6121 are synchronously unfolded outward under the geometric constraint of the first connecting rod 6122, the counterweight seats 62 fixed on the connecting rods 6121 move away from each other, the length of the force arm from the center of gravity of the counterweight seat 62 to the center of rotation of the turntable 2 is reduced, and according to the formula of moment (the stable moment is equal to the counterweight multiplied by the force arm), the reduction of the force arm is equivalent to the reduction of the effective counterweight under the condition that the counterweight is unchanged, as shown in Figure 12 The length of the force arm is changed from A2 to A1; on the contrary, when the piston rod 6124 is retracted, the second connecting rod 6123 pushes the connecting rod 6121 to swing inward, the two counterweight seats 62 approach smoothly under the guidance of the first connecting rod 6122, the length of the force arm from the center of gravity to the center of the turntable 2 is increased, and the effective counterweight is increased, as shown in Figure 12 The length of the force arm is changed from A1 to A2; the equal distance movement of the two counterweight seats 62 is ensured by the geometric symmetry of the four-bar linkage mechanism, and the additional overturning moment caused by the deviation of the center of gravity is avoided, and the equivalent change of the counterweight is realized by the dynamic adjustment of the force arm.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 includes a fixing ring 721, a cylinder 722 and a fixing column 723. The fixing ring 721 is fixedly connected to the fixing column 723, the fixing column 723 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 71, the fixing plate 71 is fixedly installed on the turntable 2, the cylinder 722 is sealed and slidably connected to the fixing ring 721, and a counterweight cavity 724 is formed inside the cylinder 722.

[0032] Inside the cylinder 722, a first counterweight ring 725, a second counterweight ring 726, and several third counterweight rings 727 are arranged in parallel. Multiple third counterweight rings 727 are respectively positioned between the first and second counterweight rings 725 and 726. The first, second, and third counterweight rings 725 and 726, as well as the multiple third counterweight rings 727, are made of high-density cast iron. The weight of the first, second, and third counterweight rings 725 and 726 can be adjusted according to actual needs. A cross link 728 is provided between the first, second, and third counterweight rings 725 and 726 and the multiple third counterweight rings 727. The purpose of the cross link 728 is to connect the first, second, and third counterweight rings 725 and 726 and the multiple third counterweight rings 727. Figure 8 As shown, a connecting ring 729 is fixedly installed inside the cylinder 722. The connecting ring 729 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 722, the connecting ring 729 is fixedly connected to the first counterweight ring 725, and the second counterweight ring 726 is fixedly connected to the fixed ring 721.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, a connecting post 6125 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod 6124, and at least one third connecting rod 6126 is movably connected to the connecting post 6125. In this embodiment, it is preferable that there are two third connecting rods 6126. Specifically, slotted holes are provided at both ends of the third connecting rod 6126. The purpose of providing slotted holes is to avoid interference during the rotation of the third connecting rod 6126. The specific size of the slotted holes is set according to the assembly tolerance requirements of the assembly site. Moreover, the shape of the third connecting rod 6126 is not limited to the straight shape in this embodiment, but can also be other shapes, such as an L-shaped structure. A push rod 6127 is movably connected to the end of the third connecting rod 6126. The push rod 6127 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cylinder 722. An installation hole is provided in the middle of the third connecting rod 6126, and the installation hole is hinged to the bottom of the fixed plate 71 by a pin.

[0034] In the present embodiment, the fixed ring 721 is rigidly connected with the fixed plate 71 on the turntable 2 through the fixed column 723, forming a static base, the barrel 722 is sealingly and slidably connected with the fixed ring 721, the barrel 722 can move horizontally along the axial direction, the counterweight cavity 724 formed in the interior of the barrel 722 is used to contain counterweight medium (such as liquid or granular counterweight material), the first counterweight ring 725, the second counterweight ring 726 and the plurality of third counterweight rings 727 arranged in parallel inside the barrel 722 are connected with each other through the cross link 728, wherein the first counterweight ring 725 is fixed with the barrel 722 through the connecting ring 729, the second counterweight ring 726 is fixed with the fixed ring 721, and the third counterweight ring 727 adjusts the spacing through folding or unfolding of the cross link 728, which not only ensures synchronous movement of the counterweight rings when the barrel 722 slides, but also maintains parallel arrangement of the counterweight rings through geometric constraint of the cross link 728, avoiding deviation of the gravity center caused by uneven distribution of the medium.

[0035] When the cylinder moves the piston rod 6124 to the left, the connecting column 6125 fixed on the piston rod 6124 moves to the left, drives the third connecting rod 6126 to rotate around the middle hinge point, and the end of the third connecting rod 6126 pulls the barrel 722 to move to the right through the push rod 6127. Figure 12As shown, when the cylinder 722 does not move to the right, the length of the center of gravity force arm between the adjusting cylinder and the fixed ring 721 is B2 at this time, when the cylinder 722 slides to the right relative to the fixed ring 721, the length of the center of gravity force arm between the adjusting cylinder and the fixed ring 721 is B1 at this time, that is, the length of the center of gravity force arm changes from B2 to B1 when the cylinder 722 moves to the right, under the condition that the counterweight does not change, the decrease of the force arm leads to the decrease of the stabilizing torque. Moreover, when the cylinder 722 slides to the right relative to the fixed ring 721, the effective volume of the counterweight cavity 724 decreases, the counterweight medium in the counterweight cavity 724 is discharged to the reflux counterweight tank 82, leading to the decrease of the effective counterweight; on the contrary, when the piston rod 6124 moves to the right, the third connecting rod 6126 pushes the push rod 6127 to move to the left, the cylinder 722 slides to the left, the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 increases, the medium in the reflux counterweight tank 82 is re-injected into the counterweight cavity 724, the effective counterweight increases; in this process, when the counterweight seat 62 opens (the force arm decreases), the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves to the right to decrease the counterweight, through the multiple adjustment of the force arm decrease and the counterweight decrease, the stabilizing torque is decreased; when the counterweight seat 62 closes and the force arm increases, the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves to the left to increase the counterweight, through the multiple adjustment of the force arm increase and the counterweight increase, the stabilizing torque is increased, which can quickly realize the adjustment of the counterweight. At the same time, the design of the cross connecting rod 728 ensures that the distance between the counterweight rings changes uniformly during the sliding process of the cylinder 722, avoids the center of gravity fluctuation caused by uneven medium flow, and at the same time, through the rigid connection of the counterweight ring and the cylinder 722, the volume change is directly converted into the mass distribution adjustment of the counterweight medium, realizing the rapid and continuous adjustment of the counterweight.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the counterweight cavity 724 is provided with a pipe 81, the chassis 1 is provided with a return counterweight tank 82, the return counterweight tank 82 is provided with counterweight liquid, the pipe 81 extends out of the barrel 722 and is connected with the return counterweight tank 82, the counterweight cavity 724 and the return counterweight tank 82 form a closed circulation loop through the pipe 81, and the inside is filled with counterweight liquid with high density and low compressibility. When the barrel 722 of the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 moves to the right, the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 decreases, the pressure in the cavity increases, and the counterweight liquid is forced to flow into the return counterweight tank 82 for temporary storage through the pipe 81, at this time, the effective counterweight decreases with the liquid discharge; on the contrary, when the barrel 722 moves to the left, the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 increases to form a negative pressure, and the liquid in the return counterweight tank 82 is sucked back into the counterweight cavity 724 through the pipe 81, and the effective counterweight increases. When the driving member 5 is linked and adjusted (such as the counterweight seat 62 is opened and closed synchronously with the sliding of the barrel 722), the inflow and outflow of the counterweight liquid can be matched in real time with the counterweight position adjustment, so as to ensure the dynamic balance of the stable torque and the overturning torque. In addition, the counterweight liquid in the return counterweight tank 82 can also make the first counterweight ring 725, the second counterweight ring 726 and the plurality of third counterweight rings 727 slide conveniently in the barrel 722, reduce the thrust in the adjusting process, and improve the stability and reliability of the counterweight adjustment.

[0037] In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the driving member 9 is arranged between the boom 3 and the turntable 2, the driving member 9 includes a telescopic cylinder 91, a piston ring 92 and a telescopic rod 93, the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 91 is hinged to the turntable 2, the piston ring 92 is sealingly and slidably connected in the telescopic cylinder 91, the telescopic rod 93 is fixedly arranged on the piston ring 92, and the top of the telescopic rod 93 extends out of the telescopic cylinder 91 and is hinged to the boom 3; as shown in Figure 10 , the piston ring 92 divides the telescopic cylinder 91 into a hydraulic cavity 94 and an air cavity 95, and the air cavity 95 is communicated with an air outlet pipe 96; as shown in Figure 9 , the driving member 5 includes a cylinder body 51 and a sliding block 52, and the sliding block 52 divides the cylinder body 51 into an air inlet cavity 53 and an air outlet cavity 54, and the air inlet cavity 53 is communicated with the air outlet pipe 96.

[0038] In the embodiment, the driving member 9 and the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4 are connected by mechanical linkage to realize synchronous adjustment of the counterweight and the action of the lifting arm 3, because in actual application, when the lifting arm 3 is hoisted upward, the counterweight needs to be increased (the weight of the rear counterweight is increased when hoisting), and the connection of the driving member 9 and the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4 can be better applied to the actual hoisting process. Specifically, when hoisting, the hydraulic system (not shown) injects hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cavity 94 of the telescopic cylinder 91, pushes the piston ring 92 and the telescopic rod 93 to move upward, and the telescopic rod 93 drives the lifting arm 3 to lift; at the same time, the piston ring 92 moves upward to compress the air cavity 95, and the air in the air cavity 95 is compressed and enters the air inlet cavity 53 of the driving part 5 cylinder 51 through the air outlet pipe 96, and the pressure of the air inlet cavity 53 is increased to push the sliding block 52 to slide to the right. Since the sliding block 52 is fixedly connected with the piston rod 6124 on the left side, the right movement of the sliding block 52 will drive the piston rod 6124 to move rightward synchronously, and then drive the two counterweight seats 62 of the first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 to move close to each other (increase the counterweight arm), so as to ensure that when the hoisting weight is increased, the stable moment is matched with the complex effect of the force arm extension and the counterweight increase to quickly match the overturning moment, and dynamic balance is realized.

[0039] On the other hand, the application also provides a hoisting method, comprising the hoisting device as described above, and further comprising the following steps: S1, initial preparation and parameter setting stage; Before the hoisting device is put into use, initialization configuration needs to be carried out according to the actual requirements of the hoisting task. First, the operator calculates the required theoretical counterweight range according to the estimated weight of the hoisted object and the planned extension range of the lifting arm 3. Then, check the state of each component of the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4: confirm whether the number of counterweight steel plates on the counterweight seat 62 in the first counterweight adjusting assembly 6 meets the basic counterweight requirement, and adjust the number by bolt connection; check whether the pipeline 81 between the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 and the return counterweight tank 82 in the second counterweight adjusting assembly 7 is sealed well, and whether the counterweight liquid level is within the rated range. The driving part 5 (preferably a gas cylinder in the embodiment) is connected to the air source or the hydraulic source, and after system initialization, the counterweight seat 62 is in the expanded state, and the relative position of the cylinder body 722 of the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 and the fixed ring 721 is the initial state. At this time, the lifting arm 3 is in the folded position, and the whole system is in standby state.

[0040] S2, hoisting operation and load detection stage; When the lifting operation starts, the operator controls the lifting boom 3 to expand to the target amplitude, and the hydraulic system injects hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cavity 94 of the telescopic cylinder 91 of the driving member 9, pushing the piston ring 92 and the telescopic rod 93 to rise, thereby lifting the lifting boom 3. At this time, the air cavity 95 of the telescopic cylinder 91 is compressed, and the internal gas enters the air inlet cavity 53 of the cylinder body 51 of the driving member 5 through the air outlet pipe 96, pushing the sliding block 52 to move to the right. The displacement amount of the sliding block 52 is related to the inclination angle and the load weight of the lifting boom 3, and then the load change is transmitted to the counterweight adjustment system through mechanical linkage. The system monitors the inclination angle, telescopic length and actual lifting load of the lifting boom 3 in real time through sensors, and calculates the size of the current overturning moment in combination with the rotation angle of the rotary table 2, to provide data basis for counterweight adjustment.

[0041] S3, two-dimensional counterweight linkage adjustment stage; The driving member 5 automatically starts the adjustment program according to the load change signal. When the lifting load is large, the piston rod 6124 of the air cylinder moves to the right under the action of air pressure, drives the second connecting rod 6123 to rotate around the hinge point, pushes the two connecting rods 6121 of the first counterweight adjustment assembly 6 to fold inward, and makes the counterweight seats 62 fixed thereon close to each other. The force arm length of the center of gravity of the counterweight seat 62 and the center of rotation of the rotary table 2 is increased from A1 to A2, and according to the moment formula, the stable moment is significantly improved under the condition that the counterweight weight is unchanged. Synchronously, the right movement of the piston rod 6124 drives the third connecting rod 6126 to rotate around the middle hinge point through the connecting column 6125, and the end of the third connecting rod 6126 pushes the cylinder body 722 of the counterweight adjustment cylinder 72 to slide to the left through the push rod 6127, so that the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 increases. The negative pressure formed in the counterweight cavity 724 sucks the high-density counterweight liquid in the return counterweight tank 82 into the counterweight cavity 724 through the pipeline 81, the effective counterweight increases, and the double adjustment of the counterweight force arm lengthening and the counterweight weight increasing is realized, so that the stable moment quickly matches the increasing overturning moment.

[0042] If the hoisting equipment operates under light load or no load, the piston rod 6124 of the air cylinder moves to the left, drives the counterweight seats 62 to move away from each other, and the force arm length is shortened to A1; at the same time, the cylinder body 722 slides to the right, the volume of the counterweight cavity 724 decreases, and the counterweight liquid is pressed back into the return counterweight tank 82, so that the effective counterweight decreases. Through the synergistic effect of force arm shortening and counterweight weight reduction, the stable moment is correspondingly reduced, so that the problem of excessive stable moment causing structural stress or excessive rotation resistance of the rotary table 2 is avoided. During the whole adjustment process, the symmetric movement of the counterweight seats 62 is ensured, the cross connecting rod 728 maintains the parallel movement of each counterweight ring (the first counterweight ring 725, the second counterweight ring 726 and the plurality of third counterweight rings 727), and the gravity center is ensured to be not deviated, so that the adjustment is stable and accurate.

[0043] S4, adjustment completion and system stabilization stage; When the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4 completes the corresponding action in response to the load change, the system enters a stable working state. The crane boom 3 hovers or moves slowly at the target position, and the stable moment provided by the counterweight adjusting mechanism 4 is in a dynamic balance state with the overturning moment, effectively inhibiting the risk of swaying or tilting of the turntable 2. The operator can view the position of the counterweight seat 62, the volume state of the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72, and the system moment balance parameters in real time through the monitoring interface. After the work is completed, the crane boom 3 is retracted, the driving component 5 is reset, the counterweight seat 62 returns to the initial spacing, the volume of the counterweight adjusting cylinder 72 is reduced to the minimum, the counterweight liquid flows back to the storage tank, and the equipment enters a low-energy-consumption standby state. The entire implementation process combines mechanical linkage and fluid control to achieve efficient, continuous, and adaptive adjustment of the counterweight, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of the lifting operation.

[0044] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent replacement or transformation made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present application is within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hoisting apparatus, characterized in that, The crane comprises a chassis (1) and a rotary table (2) rotatably arranged on the chassis (1), and a hoist arm (3) and a counterweight adjusting mechanism (4) are arranged on the rotary table (2); The counterweight adjusting mechanism (4) comprises a driving component (5), a first counterweight adjusting assembly (6) and a second counterweight adjusting assembly (7), and the driving component (5) is connected with the first counterweight adjusting assembly (6) and the second counterweight adjusting assembly (7) respectively; The first counterweight adjusting assembly (6) comprises an adjusting frame (61) and two counterweight seats (62) arranged on the adjusting frame (61), and the driving component (5) is connected with the adjusting frame (61) and used for driving the two counterweight seats (62) to move away from or close to each other; The second counterweight adjusting assembly (7) comprises a fixed plate (71) fixed on the rotary table (2) and at least one counterweight adjusting cylinder (72), and the counterweight adjusting cylinder (72) is slidably arranged on the fixed plate (71) and connected with the adjusting frame (61); The driving component (5) can drive the counterweight adjusting cylinder (72) to move close to or away from the fixed plate (71); When the driving component (5) drives the two counterweight seats (62) to move away from each other, the counterweight adjusting cylinder (72) moves towards the fixed plate (71) to reduce the counterweight, and when the two counterweight seats (62) move close to each other, the counterweight adjusting cylinder (72) moves away from the fixed plate (71) to increase the counterweight.

2. The hoisting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting frame (61) comprises a mounting frame (611) and an adjusting part (612), the driving component (5) is a cylinder, the cylinder is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame (611), and a piston rod (6124) is connected with a piston end of the cylinder; The adjusting part (612) comprises two connecting rods (6121) and two first connecting rods (6122), one end of the first connecting rod (6122) is hinged to the connecting rod (6121), the other end of the first connecting rod (6122) is hinged to the mounting frame (611), a middle part of the connecting rod (6121) is hinged with a second connecting rod (6123), and a free end of the second connecting rod (6123) is hinged to the piston rod (6124); The two counterweight seats (62) are fixedly arranged on the two connecting rods (6121) respectively.

3. The hoisting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The counterweight adjusting cylinder (72) comprises a fixed ring (721), a cylinder body (722) and a fixed column (723), the fixed ring (721) is fixedly connected with the fixed column (723), the fixed column (723) is fixedly connected with the fixed plate (71), the cylinder body (722) is sealingly and slidably connected with the fixed ring (721), and a counterweight cavity (724) is formed in the cylinder body (722).

4. The hoisting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first counterweight ring (725), a second counterweight ring (726) and a plurality of third counterweight rings (727) are arranged in parallel in the barrel (722), the third counterweight rings (727) are arranged between the first counterweight ring (725) and the second counterweight ring (726), and cross links (728) are arranged between the first counterweight ring (725), the second counterweight ring (726) and the third counterweight rings (727); A connecting ring (729) is fixedly arranged in the barrel (722), the connecting ring (729) is fixedly connected with the barrel (722), the connecting ring (729) is fixedly connected with the first counterweight ring (725), and the second counterweight ring (726) is fixedly connected with the fixed ring (721).

5. The hoisting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting column (6125) is fixedly arranged on the piston rod (6124), at least one third connecting rod (6126) is movably connected to the connecting column (6125), a push rod (6127) is movably connected to the free end of the third connecting rod (6126), and the push rod (6127) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the barrel (722). The middle part of the third connecting rod (6126) is hingedly connected to the bottom of the fixed plate (71).

6. The hoisting device of claim 5, wherein: A pipeline (81) is arranged in the counterweight cavity (724), a backflow counterweight tank (82) is arranged on the bottom disc (1), counterweight liquid is arranged in the backflow counterweight tank (82), and the pipeline (81) extends out of the barrel (722) and is connected with the backflow counterweight tank (82).

7. The hoisting device of claim 1, wherein: A driving member (9) is arranged between the lifting arm (3) and the rotating table (2), the driving member (9) comprises a telescopic cylinder (91), a piston ring (92) and a telescopic rod (93), the bottom of the telescopic cylinder (91) is hingedly connected to the rotating table (2), the piston ring (92) is sealingly and slidably connected in the telescopic cylinder (91), the telescopic rod (93) is fixedly arranged on the piston ring (92), and the top of the telescopic rod (93) extends out of the telescopic cylinder (91) and is hingedly connected with the lifting arm (3). The piston ring (92) divides the telescopic cylinder (91) into a hydraulic cavity (94) and an air cavity (95), and the air cavity (95) is connected with an air outlet pipe (96). The driving member (5) comprises a cylinder body (51) and a sliding block (52), the sliding block (52) divides the cylinder body (51) into an air inlet cavity (53) and an air outlet cavity (54), and the air inlet cavity (53) is connected with the air outlet pipe (96).

8. The hoisting device of claim 6, wherein: The counterweight seat (62) comprises a plurality of counterweight steel plates, and each counterweight steel plate is detachably connected.

9. The hoisting device of claim 7, wherein: The number of the counterweight adjusting barrels (72) is two.

10. A hoisting method, characterized by The method comprises the steps of: S1, initial setting: calculating the counterweight range according to the lifting demand, checking the connection state of the counterweight steel plates and the sealing performance of the pipeline (81), and initializing the system to the standby state; S2, load detection: controlling the lifting arm (3) to push the sliding block (52) of the driving member (5) to move; S3, linkage adjustment: the driving component (5) drives the piston rod (6124) to act, and the counterweight seat (62) approaches when the load is heavy, and the force arm increases at the same time. At the same time, the cylinder (722) moves to suck the counterweight liquid to increase the counterweight. When the load is light, the counterweight seats (62) are away from each other, the force arm is shortened, and the cylinder (722) discharges the counterweight liquid to reduce the counterweight. S4, system stability: after adjustment, the system torque is balanced, and the lifting arm (3) is stably operated. After the work is completed, each component is reset, and the equipment enters standby.

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