Vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolytic carbon preparation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass carbonization treatment equipment, in particular to a vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolytic carbon preparation device which comprises a pretreatment bin, a pyrolysis bin and a cooling conveying bin which are connected in sequence. A crushing and shearing belt is arranged in the pretreatment bin and can crush materials, a combustion heating chamber is arranged in the pyrolysis position, and combustion heating can be conducted through external source fuel or backflow fuel gas; the cooling conveying bin can dissipate heat of the pyrolyzed materials through a radiator, and the waste heat is input back into the pretreatment bin through a heat exchanger, so that the waste heat of the materials in pretreatment is dissipated; fuel gas generated by pyrolysis and waste heat generated by cooling are fully utilized and put into the combustion heating and preheating process again, dependence on external source fuel is reduced, and the operation cost is saved; exhaust emission is reduced, and secondary pollution is completely eradicated; the vehicle-mounted solid waste treatment device is compact in structure, low in manufacturing cost, capable of achieving vehicle-mounted movement, suitable for treatment of various solid wastes and suitable for wide application and popularization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biomass carbonization treatment equipment, in particular to a vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis carbon preparation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Agriculture, forestry and food processing industries generate a large amount of biomass waste such as straw, sawdust, and fruit shells every year. On-site treatment can convert these "low-value" resources into high-value biochar, avoiding resource waste caused by burning or landfill, such as reducing PM2.5, CO2 and methane emissions (about 1.5 tons of CO2 equivalent are emitted for every ton of straw burned outdoors). On-site, mobile or small-scale biomass pyrolysis carbon production equipment has important significance in resource utilization, environmental protection, economy and social benefits, especially for decentralized agricultural and forestry waste treatment. The prepared biochar is used for soil improvement (water and fertilizer conservation, contaminated soil remediation), industrial raw materials (activated carbon, building materials), etc. On the one hand, agricultural and forestry waste (straw, fruit shells, forestry branches, etc.) is usually distributed in a scattered manner, has a large volume, and has a high transportation cost. On-site equipment can be directly processed in the field, forest or village, avoiding energy waste and economic loss caused by long-distance transportation. On the other hand, small-scale equipment can convert biomass into stable biochar (with a carbon sequestration efficiency of more than 50%), which can be directly returned to the field or used in industry, achieving long-term carbon sequestration and assisting regional carbon neutralization goals. Thirdly, equipment leasing or mobile service improves utilization (for example, a mobile device can cover multiple villages). In particular, different raw materials (straw, sawdust, sludge, etc.) and capacity requirements can be adapted by combining modules (such as a pretreatment unit, a pyrolysis furnace, and a gas purification system).

[0003] On-site biomass pyrolysis equipment (including small-scale and mobile devices) has significant advantages in resource utilization and environmental protection, but still faces the following technical difficulties in practical application, which directly affect the reliability, economy and promotion potential of the equipment: (1) Raw material diversity challenge: the moisture content (10%~60%), ash content (1%~20%), particle size and adhesion of different biomasses (straw, sawdust, fruit shells, etc.) differ greatly, and small-scale equipment is difficult to handle universally, requiring targeted adjustment of process parameters; direct pyrolysis of high-humidity raw materials (such as fresh straw) can lead to a sharp increase in energy consumption and an increase in tar content in the product; small-scale equipment lacks efficient crushing and drying modules, and manual pretreatment is inefficient; fibrous raw materials (such as rice husks) are prone to winding the screw feeder, causing downtime.

[0004] (2) Pyrolysis process control difficulties: small reactors (such as fixed bed) are prone to local overheating or cold zones, resulting in unstable quality of biochar (specific surface area fluctuation of more than 50%); short pyrolysis gas residence time, insufficient secondary cracking, increased tar production (15%~30% of the energy of combustible gas); low energy self-sufficiency, relying on external energy (such as electricity or gas) for heating, if the calorific value of pyrolysis gas is insufficient (<12 MJ / m³), it cannot achieve energy self-sufficiency, and the operating cost increases.

[0005] (3) Tar and pollutant treatment dilemma: tar (benzene, phenolic compounds, etc.) in pyrolysis gas condenses in the low-temperature section (<200℃), causing pipeline and filter blockage, and corroding metal components (especially more serious for mobile equipment frequent start-stop). Existing purification technologies (such as water washing, electrostatic precipitation) are large in volume, high in energy consumption, and produce secondary pollution of wastewater in small equipment; gas purification is insufficient, and the removal rate of impurities such as H2S and NH3 in combustible gas is low (<80%), which directly leads to emission exceeding standard or damage to gas engines when directly combusted. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis carbon preparation device to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis carbon preparation device, comprising a pretreatment bin, a pyrolysis bin and a cooling and conveying bin connected in sequence, a feeding port is arranged on the pretreatment bin, a carbon collector and an exhaust gas discharge device are arranged at the end of the cooling and conveying bin; a combustion heater is arranged at the lower end of the pyrolysis bin, a fuel outlet is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis bin and communicates with the cooling and conveying bin, a fuel inlet is arranged at the lower part of the pyrolysis bin and communicates with the cooling and conveying bin; a heat exchanger is arranged outside the pretreatment bin, a radiator is arranged on the cooling and conveying bin, and the water inlet and outlet of the radiator communicate with the water outlet and inlet of the heat exchanger respectively; heat exchange pipes are arranged in the pyrolysis bin and communicate with the water inlet and outlet respectively; a crushing and shearing belt is arranged in the pretreatment bin, and a spiral crusher is arranged on the crushing and shearing belt; a conveying belt is arranged in the pyrolysis bin and the cooling and conveying bin, the starting end of the conveying belt is connected with the crushing and shearing belt, and the end is connected with the carbon collector; a vehicle-mounted fixing device and a display controller are arranged at the front end of the pretreatment bin.

[0008] Preferably, the crushing and shearing belt is arranged obliquely with the front end higher than the rear end, the conveying belt in the pyrolysis bin is arranged horizontally, and the conveying belt in the cooling and conveying bin is arranged obliquely with the front end higher than the rear end; the crushing and shearing belt, the pyrolysis bin conveying belt and the cooling and conveying bin conveying belt are arranged in sequence from the beginning to the end.

[0009] Preferably, air inlets and outlets are arranged at the top of the pretreatment bin and the pyrolysis bin, and gas detection devices and one-way valves are arranged at the air inlets and outlets.

[0010] Preferably, the pyrolysis chamber is externally provided with a combustion heating chamber, a combustion heater is arranged in the combustion heating chamber; the fuel inlet is in communication with the combustion heating chamber and the cooling conveying chamber respectively, and the fuel outlet is in communication with the pyrolysis chamber and the cooling conveying chamber respectively.

[0011] Preferably, a fan is arranged at the fuel inlet in cooperation, and flow sensors are arranged at the fuel outlet and the fuel inlet.

[0012] Preferably, a fuel pump is connected to the combustion heater, and control valves are arranged on the fuel pump and the fan.

[0013] Preferably, an ash cleaning port is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.

[0014] Preferably, an adsorption purification chamber is arranged in the cooling conveying chamber, the inlet end of the adsorption purification chamber is in communication with the fuel outlet, and the outlet end is in communication with the fuel inlet.

[0015] Preferably, a conveying motor is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment chamber, and the conveying motor is connected to the crushing and shearing belt in cooperation.

[0016] Preferably, sensor groups are arranged in the pretreatment chamber, the pyrolysis chamber and the cooling conveying chamber, and each sensor group comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a gas sensor.

[0017] The present application has the following advantages: The biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment is divided into three parts: pretreatment, pyrolysis and cooling conveying, and three chambers are arranged respectively; the conveying belt mechanism is arranged in the three chambers and communicates, so that the materials can be sequentially pretreated, pyrolyzed and cooled and conveyed; three sets of independent heating, air induction, cooling and related online control and detection equipment are arranged in the three chambers, so that the reaction parameters can be accurately and independently controlled.

[0018] The present application can convert the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber into combustible waste gas through the adsorption purification chamber, so that the combustible waste gas can be converted into fuel for heating and energy supply of the material, the secondary pollution caused by pyrolysis can be reduced, the wasted energy can be recovered, the waste heat generated by pyrolysis can be conveyed to the pretreatment section through the heat exchanger for waste heat drying, fuel needs to be added only when starting, fuel does not need to be added again in the subsequent continuous operation process, the demand for external energy intake is reduced, and the energy saving and emission reduction effect is realized.

[0019] This invention features a compact and highly reliable structure. It can be mounted on a vehicle using a vehicle-mounted fixing device, enabling the biomass pyrolysis char preparation device to be moved to the field for on-site pyrolysis, significantly reducing production costs. This invention also incorporates pretreatment equipment, which can crush biomass materials using a screw crusher and precisely control the temperature and gas flow rate inside the silo, making it suitable for the treatment of various solid wastes and suitable for widespread promotion throughout the country. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of heat flow in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Pretreatment chamber; 1.1. Conveyor motor; 1.2. Feeding port; 1.3. Pretreatment chamber air outlet; 1.4. Pretreatment chamber air intake; 1.5. Crushing and shearing belt; 1.6. Heat exchanger water outlet; 1.7. Heat exchanger water inlet; 2. Pyrolysis chamber; 2.1. Pyrolysis chamber conveyor belt; 2.2. Pyrolysis chamber air outlet; 2.3. Fuel outlet; 2.5. Fuel inlet; 2.6. Fan; 2.7. Combustion heater; 3. Cooling conveyor chamber; 3.1. Radiator water outlet; 3.2. Cooling conveyor chamber conveyor belt; 3.3. Radiator; 4. Carbon collector; 5. Vehicle-mounted fixing device; 6. Exhaust gas emission device; 7. Display controller; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Combustion heating chamber; 10. Adsorption and purification chamber; 11. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example 1 The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device, which mainly includes three chambers connected in sequence: a pretreatment chamber 1, a pyrolysis chamber 2, and a cooling and conveying chamber 3. A pretreatment chamber air outlet 1.3 and a pretreatment chamber air inlet 1.4 are provided on the top of the pretreatment chamber 1, and a pyrolysis chamber air outlet 2.2 and a pyrolysis chamber air inlet 2.3 are provided on the top of the pyrolysis chamber 2. All of them are equipped with gas detection devices and one-way valves to prevent gas leakage. They are kept closed during the reaction process and opened after the pyrolysis reaction is completed to cool the high-temperature interior of the pretreatment chamber 1 and the pyrolysis chamber 2.

[0023] like Figure 2As shown, the inside of the three bins is provided with a conveyor belt structure, respectively, the crushing shear belt 1.5 provided in the pretreatment bin 1, the pyrolysis bin conveyor belt 2.1 provided in the pyrolysis bin 2 and the cooling conveyor bin conveyor belt 3.3 provided in the cooling conveyor bin 3; wherein the crushing shear belt 1.5 and the cooling conveyor bin conveyor belt 3.3 are both inclinedly arranged from high to low, and the pyrolysis bin conveyor belt 2.1 is horizontally arranged and respectively connected to the end of the crushing shear belt 1.5 and the starting end of the cooling conveyor bin conveyor belt 3.3; the crushing shear belt 1.5 is provided with a spiral crusher, which can crush the input material.

[0024] The top end of the pretreatment bin 1 is provided with a feeding port 1.2, which is arranged above the starting end of the crushing shear belt 1.5, and the material input through the feeding port 1.2 can directly fall on the crushing shear belt 1.5; the end of the cooling conveyor bin 3 is provided with a carbon collector 5, which is connected to the end of the cooling conveyor bin conveyor belt 3.3, and can collect the treated carbonized material; the front end of the pretreatment bin 1 is provided with a conveying motor 1.1, which can drive the conveyor belt structure to work, thereby realizing the conveying of the material.

[0025] As shown in the Figure 3 The pyrolysis bin 2 is provided with a combustion heating chamber 10 outside, and the combustion heating chamber 10 is provided with a combustion heater 2.7 inside; the combustion heater 2.7 is connected with a fuel pump, which can convey fuel into the combustion heater 2.7 and output heat to the pyrolysis bin 2 through the combustion of the combustion heater 2.7, so as to heat the material in the pyrolysis bin 2.

[0026] A radiator 4 is connected to the top of the cooling conveyor bin 3, which can quickly cool the material after pyrolysis through the heat pipe arranged outside the cooling conveyor bin conveyor belt 3.3; a heat exchanger 9 is arranged outside the pretreatment bin 1, which is provided with a heat pipe arranged outside the crushing shear belt 1.5, which can realize the dryness of the residual heat of the material therein; the radiator 4 is provided with a radiator water outlet 3.1 and a radiator water inlet 3.2, and the pretreatment bin 1 is provided with a heat exchanger water outlet 1.6 and a heat exchanger water inlet 1.7; the radiator water outlet 3.1 is communicated with the heat exchanger water inlet 1.7, and the heat exchanger water outlet 1.6 is communicated with the radiator water inlet 3.2, so that the heat in the heat exchanger 9 and the radiator 4 can be quickly exchanged, and the residual heat in the radiator 4 can be transferred to the pretreatment bin 1 to heat the material in the pretreatment bin 1.

[0027] The adsorption purification bin 11 is arranged outside the cooling conveying bin 3, and the adsorption material is arranged in the adsorption purification bin 11, which can adsorb harmful substances in waste gas generated by pyrolysis, and the adsorption material can also be directly used for products that have completed pyrolysis and carbonization; the fuel outlet 2.4 is arranged on the pyrolysis bin 2, and the waste generated by pyrolysis can be output to the adsorption purification bin 11 for adsorption through the fuel outlet 2.4; the outlet of the adsorption purification bin can be input into the combustion heating chamber 10 through the fuel inlet 2.5, and can be re-input into the pyrolysis bin 2 for combustion heating through the fan 2.6 in the combustion heating chamber 10; the valves are arranged at the fuel pump and the fan 2.6, and in the starting stage, the valve of the fan 2.6 can be closed, and the valve of the fuel pump can be opened, so that the heating is performed through external fuel; when the device runs for a period of time and reaches stability, the valve of the fuel pump can be closed, and the valve of the fan 2.6 can be opened, so that the combustion heating is performed through the backflow of the pyrolysis gas; the flow sensors are arranged at the fuel outlet 2.4 and the fuel inlet 2.5, so as to monitor the supply and consumption of the gas, and thus the supply strategy of the fuel is adjusted in real time according to the heat value of the pyrolysis gas, so as to avoid problems such as device shutdown or temperature not meeting the standard due to insufficient supply of the gas.

[0028] As shown in Figure 4 The heat in the heat exchanger 9 comes from the heat of the material that has just completed pyrolysis in the radiator 4, and after the heat enters the heat exchanger 9, it is transferred to the material that is being pretreated in the pretreatment bin 1, so as to perform waste heat and drying on the material; and in the combustion heating chamber 10, heat is generated by combustion of external gas or backflow gas, and the heat is transferred to the material in the pyrolysis bin 2, so as to complete pyrolysis, and then the waste heat is recycled through the radiator 4, so as to realize the recycling of the heat.

[0029] The tail gas discharge device 7 is arranged at the end of the cooling conveying bin 3, which can discharge the waste gas generated in the device after purification treatment such as adsorption; the vehicle-mounted fixing device 6 is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment bin 1, and the entire device can be mounted on a carrying vehicle through the vehicle-mounted fixing device 6, so as to realize mobile operation.

[0030] In actual use, the present embodiment can set parameters and control various devices through the display controller 8 arranged at the front end of the pretreatment bin 1. After checking the overall air tightness of the device, firstly, the material to be processed is put into the crushing and shearing belt 1.5 through the feeding port 1.1; the spiral crusher arranged on the crushing and shearing belt 1.5 can crush the material into a suitable form for pyrolysis processing; then the fuel pump valve of the combustion heater 2.7 is opened, and the pyrolysis bin 2 is heated by injecting fuel combustion; after the pretreated material enters the pyrolysis bin 2, it is heated to realize pyrolysis; the material after pyrolysis enters the cooling conveying bin 3 through the cooling conveying belt 3.3, and is rapidly cooled under the action of the radiator 4; the remaining waste gas is discharged to the outside after harmless treatment through the tail gas discharge device 7, and the remaining carbonized product is collected through the carbon collector 5.

[0031] When the device runs for a period of time, the sensors such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors and gas sensors arranged in each bin monitor the stability of various parameters, and then the fuel pump valve of the combustion heater 2.7 is closed, and the fan 2.6 and its valve are opened; the fan 2.6 can transport the combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis process to the pyrolysis bin 2 for combustion and heating; the flow meter of the fuel outlet 2.4 and the fuel inlet 2.5 can monitor the generation rate and consumption rate of the fuel gas, and when it is detected that the consumption rate is greater than the generation rate, the fuel pump valve can be opened to supplement combustion, so as to avoid the temperature drop in the pyrolysis bin 2 due to insufficient fuel gas.

[0032] After the reaction is completed, the pretreatment bin 1 and the pyrolysis bin 2 can be rapidly cooled by opening the air outlet and the air inlet; after the temperature is cooled to room temperature, the carbonized product obtained by pyrolysis can be taken out by opening the carbon collector 5.

[0033] Example 2 The present embodiment is based on the vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis carbon preparation device proposed in example 1, and an experiment of single processing of 5 kg of rice husk is carried out.

[0034] Firstly, the air tightness of the whole device is checked, and then a certain mass of rice husk is weighed and the particle size (0.3-0.45 mm in the present embodiment) is measured, which is filled into the pretreatment bin 1 through the feeding port 1.2, and 2 kg of rice husk charcoal is weighed and filled into the adsorption and purification bin 11; the temperature of the pyrolysis bin 2 is set to 400℃ on the display controller 8, and the fuel pump valve is opened to heat the pyrolysis bin 2.

[0035] After heating for 10 minutes, open the valve of the blower 2.4 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 2 with gas as heat source, and close the fuel pump valve; after the reaction is completed, cool the pyrolysis chamber 2 to room temperature, open the cabin door of the carbon collector 5, take out the rice husk charcoal obtained by pyrolysis, replace another batch of 5kg rice husk, and repeat the above operation. After operating 3 batches, take out the product in the adsorption and purification chamber, mix uniformly, and air dry, then perform characterization, and the results are as follows: pH (water / charcoal ratio 5:1) is 5.8, organic carbon 386.4 g·kg -1 Total nitrogen 14.54 g·kg -1 Available phosphorus 351.4 mg·kg -1 Total potassium 455.1 g·kg -1 .

[0036] The product is used as a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land improvement, can reduce the pH value of the soil by 0.2-0.67 units, and can increase the soil organic matter and total salt content.

[0037] The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis carbon preparation device is also suitable for livestock and poultry manure and fruit and vegetable waste.

[0038] The above description is only further explanation and description of the present application combined with specific embodiments, and all the description does not represent limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any change or alternative scheme that can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art within the technical range disclosed by the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the present application, therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device, comprising a pretreatment chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, and a cooling conveying chamber connected in sequence, characterized in that: The pretreatment chamber is equipped with a feeding port, and the cooling conveying chamber is equipped with a carbon collector and a tail gas emission device at its end. A combustion heater is installed at the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber, a fuel outlet connected to the cooling conveying chamber is located at the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and a fuel inlet connected to the cooling conveying chamber is located at the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber. A heat exchanger is installed outside the pretreatment chamber, and a radiator is installed on the cooling conveying chamber. The inlet and outlet of the radiator are connected to the outlet and inlet of the heat exchanger, respectively. A heat exchange tube is installed inside the pyrolysis chamber, and the heat exchange tube is connected to the inlet and outlet, respectively. A crushing and shearing belt is installed inside the pretreatment chamber, and a screw crusher is installed on the crushing and shearing belt. A conveyor belt is installed inside the pyrolysis chamber and the cooling conveying chamber, with its starting end connected to the crushing and shearing belt and its ending end connected to the carbon collector. A vehicle-mounted fixing device and a display controller are installed at the front end of the pretreatment chamber.

2. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing and shearing belt is inclined with a higher front end and a lower rear end; the conveyor belt in the pyrolysis chamber is horizontal; and the conveyor belt in the cooling conveyor chamber is inclined with a higher front end and a lower rear end. The crushing and shearing belt, the pyrolysis chamber conveyor belt, and the cooling conveyor chamber conveyor belt are connected sequentially at their ends.

3. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of both the pretreatment chamber and the pyrolysis chamber is equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet, and both the air inlet and the air outlet are equipped with a gas detection device and a one-way valve.

4. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis chamber is externally provided with a combustion heating chamber, and the combustion heater is located in the combustion heating chamber; the fuel inlet is connected to the combustion heating chamber and the cooling conveying chamber respectively, and the fuel outlet is connected to the pyrolysis chamber and the cooling conveying chamber respectively.

5. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A blower is provided at the fuel inlet, and flow sensors are provided at both the fuel outlet and the fuel inlet.

6. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combustion heater is connected to a fuel pump, and control valves are installed at both the fuel pump and the blower.

7. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is equipped with an ash cleaning port.

8. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adsorption and purification chamber is provided outside the cooling and conveying chamber. The inlet end of the adsorption and purification chamber is connected to the fuel outlet, and the outlet end is connected to the fuel inlet.

9. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conveyor motor is installed at the front end of the pretreatment chamber, and the conveyor motor is connected to the crushing and shearing belt.

10. The vehicle-mounted biomass pyrolysis char preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment chamber, pyrolysis chamber, and cooling conveying chamber are equipped with sensor groups, each of which includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a gas sensor.

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