Laser cladding equipment applied to mechanical workpiece repair and method for preparing Ti-WC coating

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly discloses a laser cladding device applied to mechanical workpiece repair and a method for preparing a Ti-WC coating, which comprises a material conveying structure, a workpiece body connected to the material conveying structure, a first sleeve and a second sleeve sleeved on the workpiece body, cladding structures distributed on one side of the workpiece body, an air extraction structure arranged on the second sleeve, a gas distribution cavity fixed to one end of the first sleeve close to the cladding structure, and an air outlet cavity fixed to the other end of the first sleeve away from the gas distribution cavity. The second detector in the device can convey the thickness information of the cladding alloy layer to the controller, so as to ensure the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body. The application also discloses a method for preparing a Ti-WC coating with fine structure and uniform WC distribution by using the device. The application integrates heat recovery, intelligent temperature control and preheating functions, and significantly improves the uniformity, bonding strength and comprehensive performance of the cladding layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cladding technology, and specifically discloses a laser cladding device for repairing mechanical workpieces and a method for preparing Ti-WC coatings. Background Technology

[0002] During use, the surface of mechanical workpieces is prone to wear, which requires the use of laser cladding equipment. In the process of using laser cladding equipment, the powder storage tank is pre-loaded with alloy powder. When the mechanical workpiece needs to be repaired, the laser cladding equipment feeds the powder onto the surface of the mechanical workpiece, and at the same time, the laser generator heats the alloy powder, thereby achieving the cladding of the alloy powder onto the surface of the mechanical workpiece and successfully repairing the surface of the mechanical workpiece.

[0003] However, while this laser cladding equipment does achieve good cladding repair results on mechanical workpieces in actual use, it still has some shortcomings, such as:

[0004] When laser cladding equipment melts alloy powder onto the surface of a mechanical workpiece, the surface of the workpiece absorbs a lot of heat. To prevent cracks in the alloy powder layer melted onto the surface of the workpiece, the laser cladding equipment is equipped with a heat preservation structure. The main principle of this type of heat preservation structure is to use external equipment to heat the melted alloy powder layer, thereby slowing down the heat dissipation rate of the alloy powder layer. In actual use, this structure can indeed provide a good heat preservation effect for the alloy powder layer. However, the heat preservation structure does not have an intelligent temperature control structure and cannot adjust the heat dissipation efficiency in real time according to the thickness of the alloy powder layer, which can easily lead to uncontrollable curing effect and uniformity of the alloy powder layer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cladding device for the repair of mechanical workpieces and a method for preparing Ti-WC coatings, so as to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a laser cladding device for repairing mechanical workpieces, including a feeding structure, a workpiece body connected to the feeding structure, a first sleeve and a second sleeve sleeved on the workpiece body, and cladding structures distributed on one side of the workpiece body.

[0007] The second sleeve is provided with an air extraction structure. The first sleeve is fixed with an air distribution chamber at one end near the cladding structure and an air outlet chamber at the other end away from the air distribution chamber. The inner cavities of the air outlet chamber and the air distribution chamber are connected to the inner cavity of the first sleeve. A connecting pipe is fixed between the air extraction structure and the air distribution chamber.

[0008] The inner cavity of the first sleeve is connected to a heating structure, and the air outlet is provided with an air outlet hole near the workpiece body. A first detector is connected to the first sleeve, and a second detector is connected to the second sleeve.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the air extraction structure further includes an air collection chamber fixed on the second sleeve near one end of the first sleeve, a suction ring fixed on the end of the second sleeve away from the air collection chamber, an air pump fixed on the second sleeve, the receiving end of the air pump communicating with the inner cavity of the suction ring, and the discharge end of the air pump communicating with the inner cavity of the air collection chamber.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the material conveying structure further includes a second connecting seat and a first electric slide rail fixed on the second connecting seat. The output end of the first electric slide rail is fixed with the first connecting seat. A clamp is fixed on the side of the first connecting seat near the first sleeve. The workpiece body is clamped on the clamp. A sleeve and an installation tube are sleeved on the workpiece body. The installation tube and the sleeve are fixed. The installation tube and the second connecting seat are fixed.

[0011] In the above technical solution, further, there are slidable locking pins at equal intervals on the opposite side of the sleeve and the clamp, a connecting spring is fixed between the locking pin and the sleeve, and an abutting ball is embedded at the end of the locking pin that abuts against the workpiece body, and the abutting ball rolls on the locking pin.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the cladding structure further includes a robotic arm distributed on one side of the workpiece body. The working end of the robotic arm is connected to a material guiding structure and a laser generator. A support rod is fixed between the working end of the robotic arm and the first sleeve and the second sleeve.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the first sleeve, the air outlet chamber and the air distribution chamber are all hollow cavity structures. The inner wall of the air outlet chamber is chamfered at the end away from the first sleeve. The air outlet holes are equally spaced on the chamfer of the inner wall of the air outlet chamber. The inner wall of the suction ring is also chamfered at the end away from the second sleeve. Suction holes are equally spaced on the chamfer of the suction ring.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the fixed end of the robot arm is further provided with a support frame, the lower end of the support frame is connected to a second electric slide rail, a controller is fixed on the support frame, and the controller is connected to the first detector and the second detector.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the heating structure further includes heat distribution rings embedded at equal intervals inside the first sleeve, with each two adjacent heat distribution rings abutting against each other. Heating tubes are inserted at equal intervals inside the first sleeve. Thermally conductive cotton is embedded in the gap between the heat distribution rings and the first sleeve. Air guide rings are fixed at both ends of the thermally conductive cotton, and the cross-section of the air guide rings is arc-shaped.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a mounting shell is fixed on the first sleeve, a heating plate is embedded inside the mounting shell, the working end of the heating plate abuts against the heat distribution ring, a control switch is connected to the heating plate, and the control switch is connected to the controller.

[0017] A method for preparing a uniformly distributed Ti-WC coating using laser cladding equipment applied to the repair of mechanical workpieces, wherein:

[0018] The material guiding structure is used to convey Ti-WC composite powder (70% WC + 30% TC4) to the surface of the workpiece body;

[0019] The laser generator performs cladding with parameters of 5mm spot diameter, 2300W laser power, 700mm / min scanning speed, and 50% overlap rate.

[0020] The second detector monitors the thickness of the cladding layer in real time, and the controller adjusts the air pump's pumping volume according to the thickness information to achieve dynamic heat dissipation control.

[0021] The suction ring collects the heat emitted from the cladding zone and preheats the uncladding zone through the vent, thereby improving the interlayer bonding strength and coating uniformity.

[0022] By using the above process parameters, due to the high scanning speed and short molten pool duration, WC particles are more evenly distributed in the Ti matrix, avoiding WC decomposition or aggregation and sedimentation due to overheating, thus obtaining a Ti-WC coating with fine structure and uniform WC particle distribution.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The second detector in this device can transmit the thickness information of the cladding alloy layer to the controller. The controller has a program that analyzes the data information of the second detector. When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body is thin, the controller will control the air pump to absorb less hot air inside the suction ring and deliver it to the air collection chamber. When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body is thick, the controller will control the air pump to absorb more hot air inside the suction ring and deliver it to the air collection chamber. In this way, the air pump can adjust its working state in real time according to the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body, realize controllable heat dissipation of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body, and ensure the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body.

[0025] 2. When the workpiece body in the equipment passes through the inside of the second sleeve, the receiving end of the air pump can drive the air inside the suction ring to be transported to the inside of the air collection chamber. During this process, the inside of the suction ring is under negative pressure. The heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will enter the inside of the suction ring. Subsequently, this heat can pass through the first sleeve and the air outlet chamber to preheat the workpiece body to be processed through the air outlet hole, thereby increasing the connection strength between the alloy cladding layer and the workpiece body.

[0026] 3. The heat generated by the heating plate in this equipment will be transferred to the inside of the heating tube through the heat distribution ring. The heat inside the air distribution chamber will pass through the heating tube and enter the inside of the air outlet chamber. This can realize the reheating of the heat discharged from the air outlet, which is convenient for the heat discharged from the air outlet to preheat the workpiece body. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the material guiding structure and laser generator with the first and second sleeves in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the connection structure of the retaining post and the sleeve in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the first detector and the first sleeve in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the second detector and the second sleeve in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the connection structure of the heating ring and the heating tube in this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the heat distribution ring and heating tube in this invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional morphology diagram of the Ti-WC coating with uniform WC distribution in this invention.

[0036] 1. First electric slide rail; 2. Second electric slide rail; 3. First connecting seat; 4. Gripper; 5. Sleeve pipe; 51. Mounting pipe; 52. Connecting spring; 53. Locking post; 54. Abutting ball; 6. Second connecting seat; 7. Workpiece body; 8. First sleeve; 81. Air outlet chamber; 82. Air distribution chamber; 83. Control switch; 84. Air outlet hole; 85. Heating plate; 86. Mounting shell; 87. Heating tube; 88. Heat distribution ring; 89. Heat-conducting cotton; 810. Air guide ring; 9. Second sleeve; 91. Air pump; 92. Connecting pipe; 93. Air collection chamber; 94. Suction ring; 95. Suction hole; 10. Support frame; 101. Robot arm; 102. Controller; 103. Support rod; 104. Material guiding structure; 105. Laser generator; 11. First detector; 12. Second detector. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-9 As shown, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0040] The present invention is a laser cladding device for repairing mechanical workpieces, including a feeding structure, a workpiece body 7 connected to the feeding structure, a first sleeve 8 and a second sleeve 9 sleeved on the workpiece body 7, and a cladding structure distributed on one side of the workpiece body 7.

[0041] The second sleeve 9 is provided with an air extraction structure. The first sleeve 8 is fixed with a gas distribution chamber 82 at one end near the cladding structure. The first sleeve 8 is fixed with an air outlet chamber 81 at one end away from the gas distribution chamber 82. The inner cavities of the air outlet chamber 81 and the gas distribution chamber 82 are connected to the inner cavity of the first sleeve 8. A connecting pipe 92 is fixed between the air extraction structure and the gas distribution chamber 82.

[0042] The inner cavity of the first sleeve 8 is connected to a heating structure, and the air outlet 81 is provided with an air outlet 84 near the workpiece body 7. The first sleeve 8 is connected to a first detector 11, and the second sleeve 9 is connected to a second detector 12.

[0043] The exhaust structure can transport the heat radiated from the alloy cladding layer to the interior of the air distribution chamber 82. Subsequently, the heat inside the air distribution chamber 82 can pass through the first sleeve 8 and the air outlet chamber 81 to preheat the workpiece body 7 to be processed through the air outlet hole 84, thereby increasing the connection strength between the alloy cladding layer and the workpiece body 7.

[0044] The air outlets 84 are evenly distributed on the air outlet chamber 81. When the air outlets 84 deliver hot air to the workpiece body 7, the dust around the workpiece body 7 will be blocked by the airflow discharged from the air outlets 84. At the same time, the dust and debris on the workpiece body 7 can also be blown away by the airflow discharged from the air outlets 84. On the one hand, this can prevent the dust from coming into contact with the second detector 12, and on the other hand, it can facilitate the cladding structure to clad alloy powder onto the workpiece body 7.

[0045] The air extraction structure includes an air collection chamber 93 fixed on the second sleeve 9 near one end of the first sleeve 8, a suction ring 94 fixed on one end of the second sleeve 9 away from the air collection chamber 93, an air pump 91 fixed on the second sleeve 9, the receiving end of the air pump 91 communicating with the inner cavity of the suction ring 94, and the discharge end of the air pump 91 communicating with the inner cavity of the air collection chamber 93.

[0046] When the workpiece body 7 with the cladding alloy layer passes through the inside of the second sleeve 9, the receiving end of the air pump 91 can drive the air inside the suction ring 94 to be transported to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. During this process, the inside of the suction ring 94 is under negative pressure, and the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will enter the inside of the suction ring 94, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer.

[0047] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-9 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution. Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the part of the workpiece body 7 with the cladding alloy layer will penetrate the second sleeve 9, sleeve pipe 5, mounting pipe 51, and second connecting seat 6. During this process, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will be collected by the suction ring 94. Subsequently, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer can penetrate the first sleeve 8 and the air outlet 81 and preheat the workpiece body 7 to be processed through the air outlet 84. At the same time, the cladding structure can be adjusted to clad the part of the workpiece body 7.

[0048] The material conveying structure includes a second connecting seat 6 and a first electric slide rail 1 fixed on the second connecting seat 6. The output end of the first electric slide rail 1 is fixed with a first connecting seat 3. A clamping jaw 4 is fixed on the side of the first connecting seat 3 near the first sleeve 8. The workpiece body 7 is clamped on the clamping jaw 4. A sleeve 5 and an installation pipe 51 are sleeved on the workpiece body 7. The installation pipe 51 and the sleeve 5 are fixed. The installation pipe 51 is fixed to the second connecting seat 6.

[0049] The output end of the first electric slide rail 1 can drive the workpiece body 7 on the gripper 4 to move through the first connecting seat 3. When the workpiece body 7 moves, the part of the workpiece body 7 with the cladding alloy layer will pass through the second sleeve 9, sleeve pipe 5, mounting pipe 51, and second connecting seat 6. During this process, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will be collected by the suction ring 94. Then, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer can pass through the first sleeve 8 and the air outlet 81 and preheat the workpiece body 7 to be processed through the air outlet 84. At the same time, the cladding structure can be adjusted to clad the part of the workpiece body 7.

[0050] The first connecting seat 3 is equipped with a transmission motor that drives the gripper 4 to rotate. The transmission motor is not shown in the attached drawings of the specification. When the output shaft of the transmission motor is working, the output shaft of the transmission motor can drive the workpiece body 7 to rotate through the gripper 4, thereby realizing the cladding structure to drive the alloy powder to clad onto the workpiece body 7.

[0051] The sleeve 5 and the gripper 4 have equally spaced sliding locking pins 53 on opposite sides. A connecting spring 52 is fixed between the locking pins 53 and the sleeve 5. An abutting ball 54 is embedded at the end of the locking pin 53 that abuts against the workpiece body 7. The abutting ball 54 rolls on the locking pin 53.

[0052] When used under normal conditions, the connecting spring 52 can support the locking post 53. At this time, the abutting ball 54 at the end of the locking post 53 can abut against the workpiece body 7, thereby realizing the locking post 53 and the gripper 4 to clamp the workpiece body 7. It should be noted that when the locking post 53 and the gripper 4 clamp the workpiece body 7, the workpiece body 7 does not contact the inner wall of the first sleeve 8 and the second sleeve 9.

[0053] The cladding structure includes a robotic arm 101 distributed on one side of the workpiece body 7. The working end of the robotic arm 101 is connected to a material guiding structure 104 and a laser generator 105. A support rod 103 is fixed between the working end of the robotic arm 101 and the first sleeve 8 and the second sleeve 9.

[0054] When used under normal conditions, the material guiding structure 104 can transport the alloy powder to the part of the workpiece body 7 to be clad, while the heat generated by the laser generator 105 can melt the alloy powder layer on the workpiece body 7, thereby realizing the molten alloy powder cladding on the workpiece body 7.

[0055] The first sleeve 8, the air outlet chamber 81 and the air distribution chamber 82 are all hollow cavity structures. The inner wall of the air outlet chamber 81 is chamfered at the end away from the first sleeve 8. The air outlet holes 84 are equally spaced on the chamfer of the inner wall of the air outlet chamber 81. The inner wall of the suction ring 94 is also chamfered at the end away from the second sleeve 9. The suction ring 94 is equally spaced on the chamfer of the suction ring 94.

[0056] By placing the suction hole 95 in the chamfer on the suction ring 94, the range of heat dissipation from the suction ring 94 to the cladding alloy layer can be expanded.

[0057] The fixed end of the robotic arm 101 is fixed with a support frame 10, the lower end of the support frame 10 is connected to a second electric slide rail 2, and a controller 102 is fixed on the support frame 10. The controller 102 is connected to the first detector 11 and the second detector 12.

[0058] The output end of the second electric slide rail 2 can drive the position of the robot arm 101 through the support frame 10, thereby enabling the robot arm 101 to drive the first sleeve 8 and the second sleeve 9 to move their positions through the support rod 103, while adjusting the position of the alloy powder cladding on the workpiece body 7.

[0059] The first detector 11 and the second detector 12 are both video detection structures available on the market. The second detector 12 in this document is used to detect the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7. The second detector 12 can transmit the detection information of the cladding alloy layer to the internal part of the controller 102. The internal part of the controller 102 contains a program that analyzes the data information transmitted by the second detector 12.

[0060] When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 is relatively thin, the controller 102 will control the air pump 91 to absorb the less hot air inside the suction ring 94 and deliver it to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 is relatively thick, the controller 102 will control the air pump 91 to absorb the more hot air inside the suction ring 94 and deliver it to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. This allows the air pump 91 to adjust its working state in real time according to the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7, thereby achieving controllable heat dissipation of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 and ensuring the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7.

[0061] Example 3: Please refer to Figures 1-9 As shown, based on Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a technical solution. Unlike Embodiment 2, the heat generated by the heating plate 85 in this embodiment is transferred to the interior of the heating tube 87 through the heat distribution ring 88. The heat inside the air distribution chamber 82 is transported through the heating tube 87 into the interior of the air outlet chamber 81. This allows the heat discharged from the air outlet 84 to be reheated, which facilitates the preheating of the workpiece body 7 by the heat discharged from the air outlet 84.

[0062] The heating structure includes heat distribution rings 88 that are equally spaced and embedded inside the first sleeve 8. Every two adjacent heat distribution rings 88 abut against each other. Heating tubes 87 are equally spaced and inserted inside the first sleeve 8. Thermally conductive cotton 89 is embedded in the gap between the heat distribution rings 88 and the first sleeve 8. Air guide rings 810 are fixed at both ends of the thermally conductive cotton 89. The cross-section of the air guide rings 810 is arc-shaped.

[0063] A mounting shell 86 is fixed on the first sleeve 8. A heating plate 85 is embedded inside the mounting shell 86. The working end of the heating plate 85 abuts against the heat distribution ring 88. A control switch 83 is connected to the heating plate 85. The control switch 83 is connected to the controller 102.

[0064] When the unclad part of the workpiece body 7 penetrates through the inside of the first sleeve 8, the first detector 11 can detect the state of the surface of the workpiece body 7 and transmit the state of the surface of the workpiece body 7 to the controller 102. The controller 102 can calculate the mass of alloy powder delivered to the surface of the workpiece body 7 by the material guiding structure 104 according to the internal program. Then the controller 102 controls the control end of the material guiding structure 104 to work, thereby realizing that the material guiding structure 104 accurately delivers alloy powder to the workpiece body 7 and ensures the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7.

[0065] When the air pump 91 absorbs a small amount of hot air from the suction ring 94 and delivers it to the air collecting chamber 93, the heat of the air entering the air distributing chamber 82 will also decrease. During this process, the controller 102 can operate the control switch 83, which can operate the heating plate 85. When the heating plate 85 is working, the heat generated by the heating plate 85 will be transferred to the interior of the heating tube 87 through the heat distribution ring 88. The heat inside the air distributing chamber 82 will pass through the heating tube 87 and enter the interior of the air outlet chamber 81. This can achieve the reheating of the heat discharged from the air outlet 84, which is convenient for the heat discharged from the air outlet 84 to preheat the workpiece body 7.

[0066] Example 4: Preparation of a Ti-WC coating with uniform WC distribution;

[0067] In this embodiment, the method for preparing a uniformly distributed Ti-WC coating using laser cladding equipment for mechanical workpiece repair as described in Examples 1 to 3 is as follows:

[0068] The Ti-WC composite powder TC4 Ti matrix is ​​uniformly mixed with WC particles, and the WC mass fraction is 70% and is conveyed to the surface of the workpiece body 7 through the material guiding structure 104.

[0069] The laser generator 105 performs multi-pass cladding with parameters of 5mm spot diameter, 2300W laser power, 700mm / min scanning speed, and 50% overlap rate.

[0070] The second detector 12 monitors the thickness of the cladding layer in real time and transmits the data to the controller 102;

[0071] The controller 102 dynamically adjusts the air pump 91's pumping volume according to the thickness of the cladding layer: when the cladding layer is thin, the pumping volume is reduced to slow down heat dissipation; when the cladding layer is thick, the pumping volume is increased to accelerate heat dissipation, thereby controlling the coating curing process and preventing cracks from forming.

[0072] During the cladding process, the suction ring 94 collects the heat emitted from the cladding area and transports it to the gas distribution chamber 82 through the connecting pipe 92. After being heated a second time by the heating pipe 87, the heat is discharged through the gas outlet 84 to preheat the unclad area and improve the interlayer bonding strength.

[0073] The combination of a high scanning speed of 700 mm / min and a moderate power of 2300 W results in a short molten pool duration and a more uniform distribution of WC particles within the Ti matrix. This avoids WC decomposition, aggregation, and sedimentation caused by overheating, thus obtaining a Ti-WC composite coating with a fine structure and uniform WC distribution. The cross-sectional morphology of the prepared Ti-WC composite coating is shown in the figure. Figure 9 As shown.

[0074] Working principle: When the operator wants to clad the surface of the workpiece body 7 with an alloy layer, the working ends of the second electric slide rail 2 and the first electric slide rail 1 are in the reset state. At this time, the external device drives one end of the workpiece body 7 to pass through the second sleeve 9 and the first sleeve 8 and clamp it on the gripper 4. Then the external device is released from clamping the workpiece body 7. Subsequently, the first connecting seat 3 drives the workpiece body 7 to be pulled to the left through the gripper 4. It is necessary to ensure that the end of the workpiece body 7 is opposite to the working end of the laser generator 105.

[0075] When the workpiece body 7 begins to be clad with the alloy layer, the first connecting seat 3 drives the workpiece body 7 to gradually move to the right through the gripper 4. At this time, the workpiece body 7 with the clad alloy layer will pass through the second sleeve 9, sleeve pipe 5, installation pipe 51, and second connecting seat 6. When the workpiece body 7 with the clad alloy layer and sleeve pipe 5 pass through, the workpiece body 7 with the clad alloy layer will push the locking post 53 through the abutting ball 54. At the same time, the locking post 53 will pull the connecting spring 52. The deformed connecting spring 52 will drive the abutting ball 54 on the locking post 53 to abut against the workpiece body 7 with the clad alloy layer through its own repulsive force.

[0076] It should be noted that before the workpiece body 7 of the cladding alloy layer comes into contact with the abutting ball 54, the air pump 91 will draw the heat volatilized by the cladding alloy layer, which can realize the airflow around the cladding alloy layer, realize the rapid heat dissipation of the cladding alloy layer, and thus realize the contact between the cured cladding alloy layer and the abutting ball 54 without the abutting ball 54 damaging the cladding alloy layer.

[0077] When the air outlet chamber 81 is about to come into contact with the gripper 4, the external device clamps one end of the workpiece body 7 after it has been clad, and releases the gripper 4 from the workpiece body 7. Then, the external device pulls the workpiece body 7 to the right, so that the surface of the workpiece body 7 can be uniformly clad with an alloy layer. It should be noted that when the external device pulls the workpiece body 7 to the right, the external device needs to have a structure that can drive the workpiece body 7 to rotate.

[0078] The exhaust structure can transport the heat radiated from the alloy cladding layer to the interior of the air distribution chamber 82. Subsequently, the heat inside the air distribution chamber 82 can pass through the first sleeve 8 and the air outlet chamber 81 to preheat the workpiece body 7 to be processed through the air outlet hole 84, thereby increasing the connection strength between the alloy cladding layer and the workpiece body 7.

[0079] The air outlets 84 are evenly distributed on the air outlet chamber 81. When the air outlets 84 deliver hot air to the workpiece body 7, the dust around the workpiece body 7 will be blocked by the airflow discharged from the air outlets 84. At the same time, the dust and debris on the workpiece body 7 can also be blown away by the airflow discharged from the air outlets 84. On the one hand, it can prevent the dust from contacting the second detector 12, and on the other hand, it can facilitate the cladding structure to clad alloy powder onto the workpiece body 7.

[0080] When the workpiece body 7 with the cladding alloy layer passes through the inside of the second sleeve 9, the receiving end of the air pump 91 can drive the air inside the suction ring 94 to be transported to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. During this process, the inside of the suction ring 94 is under negative pressure, and the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will enter the inside of the suction ring 94, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer.

[0081] The output end of the first electric slide rail 1 can drive the workpiece body 7 on the gripper 4 to move through the first connecting seat 3. When the workpiece body 7 moves, the part of the workpiece body 7 with the cladding alloy layer will pass through the second sleeve 9, the sleeve pipe 5, and the mounting pipe 51. During this process, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer will be collected by the suction ring 94. Then, the heat emitted by the cladding alloy layer can pass through the first sleeve 8 and the air outlet 81 and preheat the workpiece body 7 to be processed through the air outlet 84. At the same time, the cladding structure can be adjusted to clad the part of the workpiece body 7.

[0082] The first connecting seat 3 is equipped with a transmission motor that drives the gripper 4 to rotate. The transmission motor is not shown in the attached drawings of the specification. When the output shaft of the transmission motor is working, the output shaft of the transmission motor can drive the workpiece body 7 to rotate through the gripper 4. The gripper 4 is a three-jaw chuck in the existing CNC machine tool, thereby realizing the cladding structure to drive the alloy powder to clad onto the workpiece body 7.

[0083] When used under normal conditions, the connecting spring 52 can support the locking post 53. At this time, the abutting ball 54 at the end of the locking post 53 can abut against the workpiece body 7, thereby realizing that the locking post 53 and the gripper 4 can clamp the workpiece body 7. It should be noted that when the locking post 53 and the gripper 4 clamp the workpiece body 7, the workpiece body 7 does not contact the inner wall of the first sleeve 8 and the second sleeve 9.

[0084] When used under normal conditions, the material guiding structure 104 can drive the alloy powder to be conveyed to the part of the workpiece body 7 to be clad. At the same time, the heat generated by the laser generator 105 can melt the alloy powder layer on the workpiece body 7, thereby realizing the molten alloy powder cladding on the workpiece body 7.

[0085] The output end of the second electric slide rail 2 can drive the position of the robot arm 101 through the support frame 10, thereby enabling the robot arm 101 to drive the first sleeve 8 and the second sleeve 9 to move their positions through the support rod 103, while adjusting the position of the alloy powder cladding on the workpiece body 7.

[0086] The first detector 11 and the second detector 12 are both video detection structures available on the market. The second detector 12 in this document is used to detect the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7. The second detector 12 can transmit the detection information of the cladding alloy layer to the internal part of the controller 102. The internal part of the controller 102 contains a program that analyzes the data information transmitted by the second detector 12.

[0087] When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 is relatively thin, the controller 102 will control the air pump 91 to absorb the less hot air inside the suction ring 94 and deliver it to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. When the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 is relatively thick, the controller 102 will control the air pump 91 to absorb the more hot air inside the suction ring 94 and deliver it to the inside of the air collection chamber 93. This allows the air pump 91 to adjust its working state in real time according to the thickness of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7, thereby achieving controllable heat dissipation of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7 and ensuring the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7.

[0088] When the unclad part of the workpiece body 7 penetrates through the inside of the first sleeve 8, the first detector 11 can detect the state of the surface of the workpiece body 7 and transmit the state of the surface of the workpiece body 7 to the controller 102. The controller 102 can calculate the mass of alloy powder delivered to the surface of the workpiece body 7 by the material guiding structure 104 according to the internal program. Then the controller 102 controls the control end of the material guiding structure 104 to work, thereby realizing that the material guiding structure 104 accurately delivers alloy powder to the workpiece body 7 and ensures the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body 7.

[0089] When the air pump 91 absorbs a small amount of hot air from the suction ring 94 and delivers it to the air collecting chamber 93, the heat of the air entering the air distributing chamber 82 will also decrease. During this process, the controller 102 can operate the control switch 83, which can operate the heating plate 85. When the heating plate 85 is working, the heat generated by the heating plate 85 will be transferred to the interior of the heating tube 87 through the heat distribution ring 88. The heat inside the air distributing chamber 82 will pass through the heating tube 87 and enter the interior of the air outlet chamber 81. This can achieve the reheating of the heat discharged from the air outlet 84, which is convenient for the heat discharged from the air outlet 84 to preheat the workpiece body 7.

[0090] The Ti-WC composite powder TC4 Ti matrix is ​​uniformly mixed with WC particles, and the WC mass fraction is 70% and is conveyed to the surface of the workpiece body 7 through the material guiding structure 104.

[0091] The laser generator 105 performs multi-pass cladding with parameters of 5mm spot diameter, 2300W laser power, 700mm / min scanning speed, and 50% overlap rate.

[0092] The second detector 12 monitors the thickness of the cladding layer in real time and transmits the data to the controller 102;

[0093] The controller 102 dynamically adjusts the air pump 91's pumping volume according to the thickness of the cladding layer: when the cladding layer is thin, the pumping volume is reduced to slow down heat dissipation; when the cladding layer is thick, the pumping volume is increased to accelerate heat dissipation, thereby controlling the coating curing process and preventing cracks from forming.

[0094] During the cladding process, the suction ring 94 collects the heat emitted from the cladding area and transports it to the gas distribution chamber 82 through the connecting pipe 92. After being heated a second time by the heating pipe 87, the heat is discharged through the gas outlet 84 to preheat the unclad area and improve the interlayer bonding strength.

[0095] The combination of a high scanning speed of 700 mm / min and a moderate power of 2300 W results in a short molten pool duration and a more uniform distribution of WC particles within the Ti matrix. This avoids WC decomposition, aggregation, and sedimentation caused by overheating, thus obtaining a fine-structured Ti-WC composite coating with uniform WC. The cross-sectional morphology of the prepared Ti-WC composite coating is shown in the figure below. Figure 9 As shown.

[0096] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A laser cladding device for repairing mechanical workpieces, comprising a material conveying structure, characterized in that: The material conveying structure is connected to a workpiece body (7), and a first sleeve (8) and a second sleeve (9) are sleeved on the workpiece body (7). A cladding structure is distributed on one side of the workpiece body (7). The second sleeve (9) is provided with an air extraction structure. The first sleeve (8) is fixed with a gas distribution chamber (82) at one end near the cladding structure. The first sleeve (8) is fixed with an air outlet chamber (81) at one end away from the gas distribution chamber (82). The inner cavities of the air outlet chamber (81) and the gas distribution chamber (82) are connected to the inner cavity of the first sleeve (8). A connecting pipe (92) is fixed between the air extraction structure and the gas distribution chamber (82). The inner cavity of the first sleeve (8) is connected to a heating structure, and the air outlet (81) is provided with an air outlet (84) near the workpiece body (7). The first sleeve (8) is connected to a first detector (11), and the second sleeve (9) is connected to a second detector (12). The air extraction structure includes an air collection chamber (93) fixed on the second sleeve (9) near one end of the first sleeve (8), and a suction ring (94) is fixed on one end of the second sleeve (9) away from the air collection chamber (93). An air pump (91) is fixed on the second sleeve (9). The receiving end of the air pump (91) is connected to the inner cavity of the suction ring (94), and the discharge end of the air pump (91) is connected to the inner cavity of the air collecting chamber (93). The second detector (12) monitors the thickness of the cladding layer in real time and transmits the thickness information to the controller (102). The controller (102) adjusts the air pump (91) according to the thickness information and controls the air pump (91) to absorb the hot air inside the suction ring (94) to achieve controllable heat dissipation of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body (7) and ensure the cladding quality of the cladding alloy layer on the workpiece body.

2. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying structure includes a second connecting seat (6) and a first electric slide rail (1) fixed on the second connecting seat (6). The output end of the first electric slide rail (1) is fixed with a first connecting seat (3). A clamp (4) is fixed on the side of the first connecting seat (3) near the first sleeve (8). The workpiece body (7) is clamped on the clamp (4). A sleeve (5) and an installation tube (51) are sleeved on the workpiece body (7). The installation tube (51) and the sleeve (5) are fixed. The installation tube (51) is fixed to the second connecting seat (6).

3. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sleeve (5) and the gripper (4) have equidistant sliding pins (53) on opposite sides. A connecting spring (52) is fixed between the pins (53) and the sleeve (5). An abutting ball (54) is embedded at one end of the pin (53) that abuts against the workpiece body (7). The abutting ball (54) rolls on the pin (53).

4. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cladding structure includes a robotic arm (101) distributed on one side of the workpiece body (7). The working end of the robotic arm (101) is connected to a material guiding structure (104) and a laser generator (105). A support rod (103) is fixed between the working end of the robotic arm (101) and the first sleeve (8) and the second sleeve (9).

5. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sleeve (8), the air outlet (81) and the air distribution chamber (82) are all hollow cavity structures. The inner wall of the air outlet (81) is chamfered at the end away from the first sleeve (8). The air outlet holes (84) are equally spaced on the chamfer of the inner wall of the air outlet (81). The inner wall of the suction ring (94) is also chamfered at the end away from the second sleeve (9). Suction holes (95) are equally spaced on the chamfer of the suction ring (94).

6. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed end of the robotic arm (101) is fixed with a support frame (10), the lower end of the support frame (10) is connected to a second electric slide rail (2), and a controller (102) is fixed on the support frame (10). The controller (102) is connected to the first detector (11) and the second detector (12).

7. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating structure includes heat distribution rings (88) that are equally spaced and embedded inside the first sleeve (8). Every two adjacent heat distribution rings (88) abut against each other. Heating tubes (87) are equally spaced inside the first sleeve (8). Thermally conductive cotton (89) is embedded in the gap between the heat distribution rings (88) and the first sleeve (8). Air guide rings (810) are fixed at both ends of the thermally conductive cotton (89). The cross-section of the air guide rings (810) is arc-shaped.

8. The laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first sleeve (8) is fixed with a mounting shell (86), and a heating plate (85) is embedded inside the mounting shell (86). The working end of the heating plate (85) abuts against the heat distribution ring (88). A control switch (83) is connected to the heating plate (85), and the control switch (83) is connected to the controller (102).

9. A method for preparing a uniformly distributed Ti-WC coating using the laser cladding equipment for repairing mechanical workpieces as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The Ti-WC composite powder is conveyed to the surface of the workpiece body (7) through the material guiding structure (104); The laser generator (105) clads the powder with parameters of a spot diameter of 5 mm, a laser power of 2300 W, a scanning speed of 700 mm / min, and an overlap rate of 50%. The thickness of the cladding layer is monitored in real time by the second detector (12), and the controller (102) adjusts the air pump (91) according to the thickness information to control the heat dissipation rate of the cladding layer. During the cladding process, the suction ring (94) collects the heat emitted from the cladding area and preheats the uncladding area through the vent (84) to improve the interlayer bonding strength and coating uniformity.

Images