An underwater oil production apparatus and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oil extraction technology, and discloses an underwater oil extraction equipment and method. The equipment includes an arc-shaped protective plate, an oil extraction drill bit on the side of the arc-shaped protective plate, a water outlet on the oil extraction drill bit, a high-pressure nozzle on the side of the arc-shaped protective plate, and a sludge suction port on the side of the high-pressure nozzle. The high-pressure nozzles are arranged in a ring, and each high-pressure nozzle has a different angle. A flow guiding and protection mechanism is provided on the side of the oil extraction drill bit. In this invention, by providing a foldable arc-shaped protective plate that cooperates with a positioning block and a rotating fixed shaft inside a ring slide rail, during the equipment movement phase, the positioning block drives the arc-shaped protective plate to fold around the rotating fixed shaft to form a streamlined flow guiding plate, which can effectively divide the seabed currents and significantly reduce the scouring force of the currents on the conical protective plate and oil pipelines, ensuring the structural stability of the equipment during movement; after the equipment is fixed, the arc-shaped protective plate can be unfolded to form a ring-shaped protective cover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum extraction technology, specifically relating to an underwater petroleum extraction device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore oil extraction is a crucial engineering project that utilizes specialized technologies and equipment to explore, develop, and extract oil and natural gas from seabed strata. It is also an important component of global energy supply, currently accounting for approximately 30% of global oil production. The process involves several rigorous steps: First, seismic exploration technology is used to detect the geological structure, combined with drilling well sampling analysis, to locate and confirm oil and gas reservoirs with exploitable value. Next, infrastructure such as drilling platforms and subsea production systems are constructed, while production wells are drilled for oil production, and injection wells are drilled to maintain formation pressure and improve recovery rates. Finally, the extracted oil and gas undergo preliminary separation to remove water and impurities, and are then transported to onshore processing plants for further processing via pipelines or tankers.

[0003] Current oil extraction equipment has been found to have at least the following technical problems:

[0004] First, in underwater oil extraction operations, there are generally continuous undercurrents on the seabed. During the movement of equipment from the sea surface to the target area on the seabed, and when adjusting the working position on the seabed, the undercurrents will continuously scour the oil pipelines. This continuous scouring can easily disrupt the original balance of the equipment, causing the equipment's posture to deviate, which in turn affects the accuracy of movement and makes it difficult to quickly and accurately reach the target extraction location. The impact of high-speed water flow may also cause damage to the sealing structure at the oil pipeline connection, leading to seal failure. This may not only cause water and oil leaks, but also accelerate the corrosion of pipelines and protective plates, increasing the risk of equipment damage and threatening the structural safety of the equipment during movement.

[0005] Secondly, the seabed surface is generally covered with loose sand, an environmental feature that poses challenges to drilling operations. This loose sand is easily moved by water currents. During drilling operations, the flowing sand continuously enters the work area and accumulates at the bottom of the drilling platform and around the oil extraction drill bit. This accumulated sand has multiple negative impacts on drilling operations: it interferes with the normal circulation path of the drilling fluid, impairs the cooling effect of the drilling fluid on the oil extraction drill bit, and weakens the drilling fluid's role in fracturing the formation. This leads to accelerated wear of the drill bit due to insufficient cooling and uneven stress, shortening its lifespan. Furthermore, the accumulated sand comes into direct contact with the drill pipe, causing friction. In severe cases, this can cause the drill pipe to jam, directly interrupting the continuity of drilling operations. If the jamming problem is not resolved in time, it may even lead to equipment failures such as drill pipe deformation and breakage.

[0006] Third, the seabed has natural topographic undulations and is not a flat and uniform support surface. This environmental characteristic makes it difficult for equipment to naturally form a stable and uniform support state after being lowered from the sea surface to the seabed. The bottom of the equipment is prone to local suspension or tilting due to the difference in seabed elevation, resulting in an overall imbalance. This imbalance will directly affect subsequent drilling operations: the oil drilling bit cannot maintain the preset vertical or precise operating angle, which may cause wellbore verticality deviation. This not only increases the difficulty of formation fracturing during drilling, but may also cause the wellbore path to deviate from the target area of ​​the underground oil reservoir, reduce the accuracy of extraction, and even require readjustment of equipment position, extending the operation cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention overcomes the above-mentioned defects and provides an underwater oil extraction equipment and method. The invention features a foldable arc-shaped protective plate that engages with a positioning block within a circular slide rail and a rotating fixed shaft. During equipment movement, the positioning block drives the arc-shaped protective plate to fold around the rotating fixed shaft, forming a streamlined guide plate. This effectively blocks seabed currents, significantly reducing the scouring force of the currents on the conical protective plate and oil pipelines, ensuring structural stability during equipment movement. After the equipment is fixed, the arc-shaped protective plate can be unfolded to form a ring-shaped protective cover.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0009] An underwater oil extraction device includes a conical guard plate, an oil pipeline, an oil extraction drill bit, an annular transmission cylinder, an annular rotating plate, a sludge suction device, a guiding and cleaning mechanism, and a flow guiding and protection mechanism. The conical guard plate is fitted onto the oil pipeline, allowing it to move up and down along the pipeline. The oil extraction drill bit is slidably installed inside the oil pipeline. An annular transmission cylinder is located inside the conical guard plate, and an annular rotating plate is connected inside the annular transmission cylinder. A high-pressure nozzle is provided on the annular rotating plate. The guiding and cleaning mechanism is located on a circular annular structure at the bottom edge of the conical guard plate, and a flow guiding and protection mechanism is also provided on the circular annular structure. A sludge suction device is provided on the conical side of the conical guard plate. The flow guiding and protection mechanism includes an arc-shaped guard plate.

[0010] The oil drilling bit is equipped with a water outlet, and the high-pressure nozzles are arranged in a ring, with each high-pressure nozzle having a different angle.

[0011] The oil drilling bit is equipped with a flow guiding and protection mechanism on its side. This mechanism can reduce the scouring effect of seabed currents when the equipment moves by folding the arc-shaped protective plate into a streamlined flow guide plate. The arc-shaped protective plate can also be folded to form a space that isolates external mud and sand. The oil drilling bit is equipped with a guiding and cleaning mechanism on its top. This mechanism can guide the oil drilling bit to operate at a vertical angle towards the seabed and can remove loose sand and mud from near the wellbore during the construction process.

[0012] More preferably, the flow guiding and protection mechanism includes a fixed ring, a lifting device, an annular slide rail, and an arc-shaped guard plate. The fixed ring is fixedly installed on the side of the circular annular structure of the conical guard plate. The fixed ring is connected to the annular slide rail through the lifting device, and the arc-shaped guard plate is disposed on the annular slide rail.

[0013] More preferably, the upper end of the lifting device is a push rod, and the top of the push rod is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail; an annular sliding groove is provided through the annular slide rail, and an annular sliding disc is slidably installed inside the annular slide rail.

[0014] More preferably, the annular sliding disk is provided with a rack, the side of the annular sliding disk is provided with a transmission roller, the transmission roller is fixedly installed on the annular slide rail, the transmission roller is connected to a gear, and the transmission roller is connected to a servo motor through a fixed output shaft; the gear meshes with the rack; the rack is connected to a sliding block.

[0015] More preferably, the arc-shaped guard plate is formed by connecting a first arc-shaped guard plate and a second arc-shaped guard plate through a fixed shaft; a positioning block is rotatably installed on the surface of the annular slide rail, wherein the first arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail through the positioning block, and the second arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the rack through the sliding block.

[0016] More preferably, the guiding cleaning mechanism consists of an underwater drill bit, a fixing device, a height adjusting rod, and a sonic transmitter. The height adjusting rod is equipped with a hydraulic lifting mechanism, and the sonic transmitter is located above the height adjusting rod. The fixing device is located below the height adjusting rod, and a hydraulic fixing rod is located on the fixing device. The underwater drill bit is located below the fixing device.

[0017] More preferably, the annular transmission cylinder is equipped with a rotary motor, and an annular rotating plate is rotatably mounted on the annular transmission cylinder. A high-pressure pipe is provided inside the annular rotating plate, and the annular rotating plate is connected to the rotary motor inside the annular transmission cylinder.

[0018] More preferably, the high-pressure nozzle is connected to a pipe inside the annular rotating plate.

[0019] More preferably, the sludge suction device consists of a sludge pipe and a high-pressure pump; the sludge pipe passes through the conical side of the conical guard plate, the sludge pipe has a sludge suction port, the sludge pipe is equipped with a high-pressure pump, and the high-pressure pump has a sludge outlet above it.

[0020] A method for using underwater oil extraction equipment includes the following steps:

[0021] After S1 lowers the entire equipment to the target mining area on the seabed, it first activates the acoustic transmitter above the height adjustment rod in the guiding cleaning mechanism. This acoustic transmitter uses ultrasonic waves to map the specific shape of the seabed, providing data support for adjusting the equipment's attitude. It can also emit ultrasonic waves to drive away nearby marine life. Based on the acoustic mapping results, it controls the hydraulic lifting mechanism inside the height adjustment rod to adjust the equipment angle, ensuring that the entire equipment is adapted to the seabed terrain. Then, it activates the underwater drill bit below the fixing device to drill a fixing channel downwards. After the equipment's attitude is completely stable, the fixing device controls the hydraulic fixing rod on it to extend and embed into the seabed to fix the equipment.

[0022] S2, After fixing, the flow guidance and protection mechanism is activated to isolate the working area. The annular sliding disc slides in the annular sliding groove of the annular slide rail, driving the arc-shaped guard plate to unfold around the rotating fixed axis. Since two arc-shaped guard plates are symmetrically installed on one rotating fixed axis, multiple sets of arc-shaped guard plates can form an annular protective cover after unfolding simultaneously. Then, the lifting device is controlled to move the annular protective cover downward until the bottom of the arc-shaped guard plate contacts the seabed, separating the working area from the external mud and sand. At the same time, the rotary motor on the annular transmission cylinder is activated to drive the annular rotating plate and the high-pressure nozzles fixed on it to rotate synchronously. The high-pressure nozzles are arranged in a ring with different angles. The high-pressure nozzles spray high-pressure drilling fluid, which washes up the floating sand on the seabed surface inside the annular protective cover.

[0023] S3, after completing the preliminary preparations, control the oil pipeline that is slidably installed on the conical guard plate, and drive the oil extraction drill bit that is slidably installed inside it to descend synchronously. Start the oil extraction drill bit to break down different seabed strata. At the same time, the water outlet of the oil extraction drill bit continuously injects drilling fluid into the wellbore. At this time, the annular rotating plate still drives the high-pressure nozzle to rotate. The water flow that is sprayed out is less dense than seawater and can carry the mud and sand floating in the wellbore upward. Start the high-pressure pump on the mud and sludge pipeline, and draw the water flow mixed with mud and sand in the annular guard through the sludge suction port, and then discharge the mud and sludge to the outside of the equipment through the sludge discharge port.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] In this invention, a foldable arc-shaped protective plate is provided, which cooperates with the positioning block and rotating fixed shaft on the annular slide rail. During the equipment movement phase, the annular sliding disc drives the arc-shaped protective plate to fold around the rotating fixed shaft to form a streamlined guide plate. This effectively separates the seabed currents, significantly reducing the scouring force of the currents on the conical protective plate and oil pipelines, and ensuring the structural stability of the equipment during movement. After the equipment is fixed, the arc-shaped protective plate can be unfolded to form an annular protective cover. In conjunction with the hydraulic lifting mechanism in the lifting device, the annular protective cover can be moved downwards until it contacts the seabed, completely separating the working area from the external mud and sand. This isolates the oil drilling bit from floating sand and mud, creating a stable and clean working environment and facilitating the efficient advancement of drilling operations.

[0026] In this invention, high-pressure nozzles arranged in a ring at varying angles are fixedly mounted on a ring-shaped rotating plate. This ring-shaped rotating plate is connected to a rotary motor inside a ring-shaped transmission cylinder. During operation, the rotary motor drives the ring-shaped rotating plate to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the high-pressure nozzles to rotate as well. This allows the high-pressure nozzles to spray high-pressure drilling fluid from all directions without any blind spots. This design can effectively flush up the seabed surface sand within the area covered by the arc-shaped protective plate, effectively preventing the sand from drilling into the bearings and cutting tooth gaps of the oil drilling bit, significantly slowing down the wear rate of the drill bit components, thus effectively ensuring the service life of the oil drilling bit, while maintaining the stable operation of drilling.

[0027] In this invention, a height adjustment rod with a hydraulic lifting mechanism and arranged in a ring around a conical guard plate, an underwater drill bit, and a fixing device with a hydraulic fixing rod are provided. The height adjustment rod can be combined with seabed topography data mapped by a sonic transmitter and the internal hydraulic mechanism can flexibly adjust the equipment angle to ensure that the equipment is accurately adapted to the seabed undulations. The underwater drill bit can drill a fixed channel in the seabed that is adapted to the hydraulic fixing rod. After the equipment is completely stable, the hydraulic fixing rod of the fixing device can extend and embed into the channel to firmly fix the equipment on the seabed, effectively resisting the impact of seabed currents and drilling operation vibrations, preventing equipment displacement, and laying a solid foundation for the stable drilling operation of subsequent oil extraction drill bits.

[0028] In this invention, a mud and sludge pipe is provided, with one end fixedly connected to the sludge extraction port and the other end corresponding to the sludge outlet and fixedly installed with a conical protective plate. A high-pressure pump is mounted on the mud and sludge pipe. During operation, the high-pressure pump can forcefully extract water mixed with mud and sand within the area isolated by the arc-shaped protective plate, and then efficiently discharge the mud and sludge outside the equipment through the sludge outlet. The high-pressure nozzle that rotates with the annular rotating plate sprays out a low-density water flow, which can carry the mud and sand floating in the wellbore upward to the sludge extraction port, forming a complete and efficient chip removal cycle. This design can effectively prevent mud and sand from accumulating and clogging in the wellbore, ensuring that the wellbore is always unobstructed, completely solving the problem of mud and sand hindering drilling, and significantly improving the operating efficiency of oil drilling bits. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped protective plate structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil extraction drill bit of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the annular slide rail structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the rotating fixed shaft structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sewage outlet structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing device structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the annular rotating plate structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure nozzle structure of the present invention.

[0038] The components shown in the diagram are as follows: 1. Conical guard plate; 2. Oil pipeline; 3. Oil drilling bit; 4. Annular transmission cylinder; 5. Annular rotating plate; 6. High-pressure nozzle; 7. Underwater drill bit; 8. Fixing device; 9. Height adjustment rod; 10. Acoustic wave transmitter; 11. Sludge suction port; 12. Sludge pipeline; 13. High-pressure pump; 14. Sludge outlet; 15. Fixing ring; 16. Lifting device; 17. Annular slide rail; 18. Arc-shaped guard plate; 19. Rotating fixed shaft; 20. Positioning block; 21. Annular sliding disc; 22. Transmission roller. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Please see Figures 1-9This embodiment provides an underwater oil extraction device, including a conical guard plate 1, an oil pipeline 2, an oil extraction drill bit 3, an annular transmission cylinder 4, an annular rotating plate 5, a sludge suction device, a guiding and cleaning mechanism, and a flow guiding and protection mechanism. The conical guard plate 1 is sleeved on the oil pipeline 2, allowing the conical guard plate 1 to move up and down along the oil pipeline 2. The oil extraction drill bit 3 is slidably installed inside the oil pipeline 2, and the oil pipeline 2 is used to prevent the formation of a complete pipeline within the channel excavated by the oil extraction drill bit 3. An annular transmission cylinder is provided inside the conical guard plate 1. The annular transmission cylinder 4 has an internally connected annular rotating plate 5, on which high-pressure nozzles 6 are provided; the guiding cleaning mechanism is located on the circular ring structure at the bottom edge of the conical guard plate 1, and the circular ring structure is also provided with a flow guiding and protection mechanism; a sludge suction device is provided on the conical side of the conical guard plate 1; the flow guiding and protection mechanism includes an arc-shaped guard plate 18; the oil extraction drill bit 3 is provided with a water outlet, and the high-pressure nozzles 6 are arranged in a ring, with each high-pressure nozzle 6 having a different angle; the oil extraction drill bit 3... The side is equipped with a flow-guiding and protective mechanism; in this embodiment, the arc-shaped protective plate 18 is made of stainless steel. The arc-shaped protective plate 18 is used to reduce the impact of water flow when the equipment descends in seawater, and can unfold to form a protective layer that isolates seabed sediment after the equipment falls to the seabed. The side of the arc-shaped protective plate 18 is equipped with an oil extraction drill bit 3, which is used to break different seabed strata and drill a well from the seabed surface directly to the underground oil reservoir. The oil extraction drill bit 3 is equipped with a water outlet, which can inject drilling fluid into the drilled well. The 8th side is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle 6, and the side of the high-pressure nozzle 6 is equipped with a sludge extraction port 11. Since there is a layer of loose sand on the surface of the seabed, the loose sand may enter the bearing and the gap between the cutting teeth during the drilling operation, accelerating the wear of the components. The high-pressure nozzles 6 are arranged in a ring, and the angle of each high-pressure nozzle 6 is different. The high-pressure nozzles 6 can spray high-pressure drilling fluid. The high-pressure nozzles 6 are used to flush up the loose sand in the position covered by the arc-shaped protective plate 18, and then discharge it to the outside of the arc-shaped protective plate 18 through the sludge extraction port 11, so that the oil drilling bit 3 is not affected by loose sand during operation.

[0042] The oil extraction drill bit 3 is equipped with a flow guiding and protection mechanism on its side. The flow guiding and protection mechanism can reduce the scouring of the seabed current when the equipment moves by folding the arc-shaped guard plate 18 into a streamlined flow guide plate. The arc-shaped guard plate 18 can also be folded to form a space that isolates external mud and sand. The oil extraction drill bit 3 is equipped with a guiding and cleaning mechanism on its top. The guiding and cleaning mechanism can guide the oil extraction drill bit 3 to operate at a vertical angle to the seabed and can remove the floating sand and mud from the wellbore and the construction process.

[0043] The flow guiding and protection mechanism includes a fixed ring 15, a lifting device 16, an annular slide rail 17, and an arc-shaped guard plate 18. The fixed ring 15 is fixedly installed on the side of the circular annular structure of the conical guard plate 1. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the diameter of the fixed ring 15 is slightly larger than the diameter of the circular annular structure of the conical guard plate 1. The fixed ring 15 is connected to the annular slide rail 17 through the lifting device 16, and the arc-shaped guard plate 18 is disposed on the annular slide rail 17. The upper end of the lifting device 16 is a push rod, and the top of the push rod is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail 17. An annular sliding groove is formed through the annular slide rail 17, and an annular sliding disk 21 is slidably installed inside the annular slide rail 17.

[0044] In this embodiment, a rack is provided on the annular sliding disk 21, and a transmission roller 22 is provided on the side of the annular sliding disk 21. The transmission roller 22 is fixedly installed on the annular slide rail 17, and a gear is connected to the transmission roller 22. The transmission roller 22 is connected to a servo motor through a fixed output shaft. The gear meshes with the rack. The rack is connected to a sliding block. In this embodiment, the arc-shaped guard plate 18 is divided into four groups. Each group of arc-shaped guard plates 18 is formed by connecting the first arc-shaped guard plate and the second arc-shaped guard plate through a fixed shaft 19. A positioning block 20 is rotatably installed on the surface of the annular slide rail 17, wherein the first arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail 17 through the positioning block 20, and the second arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the rack through the sliding block. In this embodiment, the servo motor drives the transmission roller 22 to rotate, and the annular sliding disk 21 drives the second arc-shaped guard plate 18 to move, so that the two arc-shaped guard plates 18 in the set are folded up. When the equipment moves, the arc-shaped guard plate 18 is in a folded state. The streamlined shape formed by the folding of the arc-shaped guard plate 18 can divide the seabed current and effectively reduce the impact of the seabed current on the conical guard plate 1 and the oil pipeline 2. The lifting device 16 is used to control the up and down movement of the arc-shaped guard plate 18. After the equipment is fixed, the transmission roller 22 drives the annular sliding disk 21 to slide in the annular slide rail 17, so that the arc-shaped guard plate 18 unfolds to form an annular cover. The hydraulic lifting mechanism in the lifting device 16 drives the arc-shaped guard plate 18 to move downward to contact the seabed ground, which can separate the working area from the outside world.

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the guiding cleaning mechanism consists of an underwater drill bit 7, a fixing device 8, a height adjusting rod 9, and a sonic transmitter 10. The height adjusting rod 9 is equipped with a hydraulic lifting mechanism and is arranged in a circular ring with conical guard plates 1. The sonic transmitter 10 is located above the height adjusting rod 9. The sonic transmitter 10 can emit ultrasonic waves and calculate the shape of the seabed through ultrasonic waves. The sonic transmitter 10 can drive away nearby marine life and prevent excessive damage to the marine ecological environment. The fixing device 8 is located below the height adjusting rod 9. The fixing device 8 is equipped with a hydraulic fixing rod. The underwater drill bit 7 is located below the fixing device 8. In this embodiment, the underwater drill bit 7 is used to fix the equipment to the seabed when it falls to the seabed. When the equipment falls to the seabed, the sonic transmitter 10 maps the approximate shape of the seabed and then controls the hydraulic lifting mechanism in the height adjusting rod 9 to adjust the angle. Then the underwater drill bit 7 starts to work, drilling downwards to make a channel until the equipment is stable. The fixing device 8 controls the hydraulic fixing rod to extend and fix the equipment to the seabed.

[0046] An annular transmission cylinder 4 is fixedly installed below the conical guard plate 1. A rotary motor is installed on the annular transmission cylinder 4, and an annular rotating plate 5 is rotatably installed on the annular transmission cylinder 4. A high-pressure pipe is installed inside the annular rotating plate 5, and the annular rotating plate 5 is connected to the rotary motor inside the annular transmission cylinder 4. The high-pressure nozzle 6 is connected to the pipe inside the annular rotating plate 5.

[0047] The sludge pumping device consists of a sludge pipe 12 and a high-pressure pump 13. The sludge pipe 12 passes through the conical side of the conical guard plate 1. The sludge pipe 12 has a sludge pumping port 11. The high-pressure pump 13 is installed on the sludge pipe 12. The high-pressure pump 13 has a sludge outlet 14 above it. The sludge outlet 14 is used to discharge the water flow mixed with sludge and sand. After the equipment is fixed on the seabed, the rotary motor inside the annular transmission cylinder 4 drives the annular rotating plate 5 to rotate synchronously with the high-pressure nozzle 6. The high-pressure nozzle 6 sprays drilling fluid, which washes up the floating sand in the area covered by the arc-shaped protective plate 18 and floats with the water flow. A mud pipe 12 is fixedly installed on the sludge suction port 11. The mud pipe 12 is fixedly installed with the conical protective plate 1. A high-pressure pump 13 is installed on the mud pipe 12. The high-pressure pump 13 is used to extract the water flow mixed with mud and sand in the arc-shaped protective plate 18. The oil pipe 2 is slidably installed on the conical protective plate 1. After the angle of the conical protective plate 1 is stably fixed and the floating sand in the arc-shaped protective plate 18 is extracted, the oil pipe 2 carries the oil extraction drill bit 3 and descends synchronously. Then the oil extraction drill bit 3 starts to work, breaking down the seabed strata to drill a well. At this time, the water flow sprayed by the high-pressure nozzle 6 is lighter than seawater and can carry the mud and sand floating in the well upward. It is then extracted by the high-pressure pump 13 through the sludge suction port 11 and discharged to the outside, enhancing the chip removal capacity of the device.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment uses the underwater oil extraction equipment from Embodiment 1, and the specific usage method is as follows:

[0050] The first step involves lowering the entire equipment to the target seabed mining area. First, the acoustic transmitter 10 above the height adjustment rod 9 in the guiding cleaning mechanism is activated. This transmitter 10 uses ultrasonic waves to map the specific shape of the seabed, providing data support for equipment attitude adjustment. It also emits ultrasonic waves to repel nearby marine life, preventing excessive damage to the marine ecosystem during mining operations. Based on the acoustic mapping results, the hydraulic lifting mechanism within the height adjustment rod 9 is controlled to adjust the equipment angle, ensuring the equipment is adapted to the seabed topography. Then, the underwater drill bit 7 below the fixing device 8 is activated to drill a fixed channel downwards. Once the equipment is completely stable, the fixing device 8 controls the hydraulic fixing rod above it to extend and firmly embed into the seabed, stabilizing the equipment and preventing displacement due to seabed currents or drilling vibrations during subsequent operations.

[0051] The second step, after fixing, is to activate the flow guidance and protection mechanism to isolate the working area. The annular sliding plate 21 slides in the annular slide rail 17, driving the arc-shaped guard plate 18 to unfold around the rotating fixed shaft 19. Since two arc-shaped guard plates 18 are symmetrically installed on one rotating fixed shaft 19, multiple sets of arc-shaped guard plates 18 can form an annular protective cover after unfolding simultaneously. Then, the lifting device 16 is controlled to move the annular protective cover downward until the bottom of the arc-shaped guard plate 18 contacts the seabed, completely separating the working area from the external mud and sand. At the same time, the rotary motor on the annular transmission cylinder 4 is activated, driving the annular rotating plate 5 and the high-pressure nozzles 6 fixed on it to rotate synchronously. The high-pressure nozzles 6 are arranged in a ring with different angles, which can achieve all-round coverage. The high-pressure nozzles 6 spray high-pressure drilling fluid, which washes up the floating sand on the seabed surface inside the annular protective cover, preventing the floating sand from entering the bearings and cutting tooth gaps of the oil drilling bit 3 and preventing component wear.

[0052] The third step involves controlling the oil pipeline 2, which is slidably mounted on the conical protective plate 1, to descend synchronously with the oil extraction drill bit 3, which is slidably mounted inside it. The oil extraction drill bit 3 is then activated, causing it to break down different seabed strata and gradually drill a wellbore from the seabed surface directly to the underground oil reservoir. At the same time, the water outlet on the oil extraction drill bit 3 continuously injects drilling fluid into the wellbore, which not only assists in breaking down the strata but also cools the drill bit and protects the drilling tools. Meanwhile, the annular rotating plate 5 continues to drive the high-pressure nozzle 6 to rotate. The water jet, which is less dense than seawater, can carry the silt floating in the wellbore upwards. The high-pressure pump 13 on the sludge pipeline 12 is then activated, and the water jet mixed with silt is drawn from the annular protective cover through the sludge extraction port 11. The sludge is then discharged to the outside of the equipment through the sludge outlet 14, achieving real-time discharge of sludge, ensuring unobstructed wellbore, preventing silt accumulation from affecting drilling efficiency, and ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the oil extraction drill bit 3.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. An underwater oil extraction device, characterized in that: The system includes a conical guard plate (1), an oil pipeline (2), an oil extraction drill bit (3), an annular transmission cylinder (4), an annular rotating plate (5), a sludge suction device, a guiding and cleaning mechanism, and a flow guiding and protection mechanism. The conical guard plate (1) is fitted onto the oil pipeline (2), and the oil extraction drill bit (3) is slidably installed inside the oil pipeline (2). An annular transmission cylinder (4) is installed inside the conical guard plate (1), and an annular rotating plate (5) is connected inside the annular transmission cylinder (4). A high-pressure nozzle (6) is installed on the annular rotating plate (5). The guiding and cleaning mechanism is installed on the circular annular structure at the bottom edge of the conical guard plate (1), and a flow guiding and protection mechanism is also installed on the circular annular structure. A sludge suction device is installed on the conical side of the conical guard plate (1). The flow guiding and protection mechanism includes an arc-shaped guard plate (18). The oil drilling bit (3) is provided with a water outlet, and the high-pressure nozzles (6) are arranged in a ring, and the angle of each high-pressure nozzle (6) is different. The oil drilling bit (3) is provided with a flow guiding and protection mechanism on its side. The flow guiding and protection mechanism can be folded into a streamlined flow guiding plate by the arc-shaped guard plate (18) to reduce the scouring of the seabed current when the equipment moves. The arc-shaped guard plate (18) can be folded to form a space that isolates external mud and sand. The oil drilling bit (3) is provided with a guide cleaning mechanism above it. The guide cleaning mechanism can guide the oil drilling bit (3) to work at a vertical angle to the seabed and can remove the floating sand and mud from the wellbore and the construction process. The flow guiding and protection mechanism includes a fixed ring (15), a lifting device (16), an annular slide rail (17), and an arc-shaped guard plate (18). The fixed ring (15) is fixedly installed on the side of the circular annular structure of the conical guard plate (1). The fixed ring (15) is connected to the annular slide rail (17) through the lifting device (16), and the arc-shaped guard plate (18) is set on the annular slide rail (17). The upper end of the lifting device (16) is a push rod, and the top of the push rod is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail (17); an annular sliding groove is provided through the annular slide rail (17), and an annular sliding disk (21) is slidably installed inside the annular slide rail (17). The annular sliding disk (21) is provided with a rack, and the side of the annular sliding disk (21) is provided with a transmission roller (22). The transmission roller (22) is fixedly installed on the annular slide rail (17). The transmission roller (22) is connected to a gear. The transmission roller (22) is connected to a servo motor through a fixed output shaft. The gear meshes with the rack. The rack is connected to a sliding block. The arc-shaped guard plate (18) is formed by connecting the first arc-shaped guard plate and the second arc-shaped guard plate through a fixed shaft (19); the annular slide rail (17) is rotatably mounted with a positioning block (20), wherein the first arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail (17) through the positioning block (20), and the second arc-shaped guard plate is fixedly connected to the rack through the sliding block.

2. The underwater oil extraction equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding cleaning mechanism consists of an underwater drill bit (7), a fixing device (8), a height adjusting rod (9), and a sonic transmitter (10). The height adjusting rod (9) is equipped with a hydraulic lifting mechanism, and the sonic transmitter (10) is located above the height adjusting rod (9). The fixing device (8) is located below the height adjusting rod (9), and a hydraulic fixing rod is located on the fixing device (8). The underwater drill bit (7) is located below the fixing device (8).

3. The underwater oil extraction equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The annular transmission cylinder (4) is equipped with a rotary motor, and an annular rotating plate (5) is rotatably mounted on the annular transmission cylinder (4). The annular rotating plate (5) is equipped with a high-pressure pipe, and the annular rotating plate (5) is connected to the rotary motor inside the annular transmission cylinder (4).

4. The underwater oil extraction equipment as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The high-pressure nozzle (6) is connected to the pipe inside the annular rotating plate (5).

5. The underwater oil extraction equipment as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The sludge suction device consists of a sludge pipe (12) and a high-pressure pump (13); the sludge pipe (12) passes through the conical side of the conical guard plate (1), the sludge pipe (12) has a sludge suction port (11), the sludge pipe (12) is equipped with a high-pressure pump (13), and the high-pressure pump (13) has a sludge outlet (14) above it.

6. The method of using the underwater oil extraction equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After the equipment is lowered to the target mining area on the seabed, the acoustic transmitter (10) above the height adjustment rod (9) in the guiding cleaning mechanism is activated first. The acoustic transmitter (10) maps the specific shape of the seabed with ultrasonic waves, providing data support for the equipment attitude adjustment. It can also emit ultrasonic waves to drive away nearby marine life. According to the acoustic mapping results, the hydraulic lifting mechanism in the height adjustment rod (9) is controlled to adjust the equipment angle to ensure that the equipment is adapted to the seabed terrain. Then, the underwater drill bit (7) below the fixing device (8) is activated to drill a fixed channel downwards. After the equipment attitude is completely stable, the fixing device (8) controls the hydraulic fixing rod on it to extend and embed into the seabed to fix the equipment. S2, After the fixation is completed, the flow guide protection mechanism is activated to isolate the working area. The annular sliding plate (21) slides in the annular sliding groove of the annular slide rail (17), driving the arc-shaped guard plate (18) to unfold around the rotating fixed shaft (19). Since two arc-shaped guard plates (18) are symmetrically installed on one rotating fixed shaft (19), multiple sets of arc-shaped guard plates (18) can form an annular protective cover after unfolding synchronously. Then, the lifting device (16) is controlled to drive the annular protective cover to move downward until the bottom of the arc-shaped guard plate (18) contacts the seabed, separating the working area from the external mud and sand. At the same time, the rotary motor on the annular transmission cylinder (4) is activated to drive the annular rotating plate (5) and the high-pressure nozzle (6) fixed on it to rotate synchronously. The high-pressure nozzle (6) is arranged in a ring and at different angles. The high-pressure nozzle (6) sprays out high-pressure drilling fluid, which washes up the floating sand on the seabed surface inside the annular protective cover. S3. After completing the preliminary preparations, control the oil pipeline (2) that is slidably installed on the conical guard plate (1) to drive the oil drilling bit (3) that is slidably installed inside it to descend synchronously. Start the oil drilling bit (3) to break down different seabed strata. At the same time, the water outlet on the oil drilling bit (3) continuously injects drilling fluid into the wellbore. At this time, the annular rotating plate (5) still drives the high-pressure nozzle (6) to rotate. The water flow that it sprays out has a lower density than seawater and can carry the mud and sand floating in the wellbore to move upward. Start the high-pressure pump (13) on the mud and sludge pipeline (12) to extract the water flow mixed with mud and sand in the annular guard through the sludge extraction port (11) and then discharge the mud and sludge to the outside of the equipment through the sludge outlet (14).

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