A tunnel excavation method for energy saving and consumption reduction of a boom-type tunneling machine using gravity action

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine that utilizes gravity, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Drawing a geological morphology map; Step 2. Marking the tunnel excavation outline; Step 3. Constructing the initial free face; Step 4. Constructing the outline dividing groove; Step 5. Drilling holes at intervals on the tunnel face, and sequentially inserting a rock fracturing device into each hole for hydraulic fracturing operations; Step 6. Controlling the cutting head to cut along the rock strata in a meandering manner; during the excavation process, the rock fracturing device moves along the cutting path; Step 7. Trimming the outline dividing groove. This invention effectively reduces the contact time between the cutting teeth and hard rock, reducing the wear of the cutting head; and utilizes gravity to break up rock, improving excavation efficiency; optimizes mechanical load, extending the service life of the equipment; and simultaneously releases stress in stages, reducing the probability of sudden collapse. This invention is applicable to the technical field of tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, specifically, it relates to an energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine that utilizes gravity. Background Technology

[0002] Cantilever tunnel boring machines (TBMs) primarily excavate tunnels by breaking rocks through the rotation and oscillation of their foremost cutting head. The wear and tear of the cutting teeth and the cutting efficiency are highly dependent on the cutting path at the tunnel face. Avoiding or reducing hard contact between the cutting teeth and the rock, allowing the rock to more easily break off on its own, can save on tooth wear and accelerate the excavation speed. Traditional cantilever TBMs have relatively fixed cutting paths at the tunnel face, typically employing a "bottom-up, left-right loop" strategy. This approach does not consider the rock strata structure characteristics of the tunnel face or the effects of gravity on the rock mass when designing the cutting path. In actual construction, this results in low cutting efficiency, severe tooth wear, and high energy consumption.

[0003] Traditional tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation methods begin by horizontally cutting a groove at the bottom of the tunnel face, followed by excavation using a bottom-up, left-right cyclical cutting path. If encountering well-developed joints, cutting should be performed step-by-step along the joint direction. When hard rock is encountered locally, the surrounding soft rock can be excavated first to allow large chunks of hard rock to fall. Excavation typically involves two stages: the first is excavation within the tunnel outline, and the second is for refining the tunnel outline, ultimately forming the accurate tunnel design cross-section. While traditional cutting paths take into account the gravity of the surrounding rock to some extent, their approach is relatively simplistic and fails to consider different rock strata structures. Given the highly variable rock mass at the tunnel face, this method cannot achieve energy-saving and consumption-reducing construction goals. The most significant influencing factor in tunnel face excavation is the distribution of rock strata structure and joints. TBM excavation should fully utilize the natural structural characteristics of the tunnel face to reduce energy consumption and cutter wear, thereby accelerating construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunnel boring machine that utilizes gravity. This method is suitable for excavating various rock strata structures at the tunnel face, and is particularly well-suited for strata structures with obvious layered joints. It can effectively reduce the contact time between the cutting teeth and hard rock, thereby reducing wear on the cutting head. Furthermore, it utilizes gravity to break down rocks, improving excavation efficiency; optimizes mechanical load, extending the service life of the equipment; and simultaneously releases stress in stages, reducing the probability of sudden collapse.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine that utilizes gravity includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1. Use advanced horizontal drilling and in-hole imaging combined with deepening the blast holes to explore the strata distribution in front of the tunnel face, and draw a geological morphology map based on the exploration results;

[0008] Step 2. Before the cantilever tunneling machine enters the working face, it is necessary to conduct surveying and setting out to mark the excavation outline of the tunnel;

[0009] Step 3. Cut a horizontal groove from left to right along the horizontal direction from the position below the working face to form the initial free surface;

[0010] Step 4. Drill multiple boundary holes at intervals along the excavation outline. Then, use a cantilever tunneling machine to cut the excavation outline and connect these boundary holes to form an outline boundary groove.

[0011] Step 5. Drill holes at intervals in the area of ​​the working face located within the contour dividing groove, and insert the rock fracturing device into each hole in sequence to carry out fracturing operations.

[0012] Step 6. Control the cutting head to cut along the direction of the rock strata in a roundabout manner. The cutting path should always be parallel to the direction of the rock strata until the entire face is excavated. During the excavation, the rock breaking device is inserted into the excavation trench between two adjacent rock strata. At the same time, the rock breaking device is controlled to move along the cutting path to break the rock strata.

[0013] Step 7. Then, use the low speed setting of the cantilever tunneling machine to trim the contour dividing groove to form a smooth contour surface.

[0014] Furthermore, when the rock strata are tilted and the dip angle is between horizontal and vertical, the cutting path meanders along the direction of the rock strata from the lower corner of the working face and gradually extends to the upper diagonal of the working face.

[0015] Furthermore, when the rock strata are horizontal or have a dip angle close to 0°, a vertical groove is cut upwards from the bottom position in the middle of the face, with the depth consistent with the depth of the initial free face at the bottom. Then, at the middle height of the unexcavated area of ​​the face, a horizontal groove is cut again from left to right, with the depth of the horizontal groove consistent with the depth of the initial free face. The unexcavated area of ​​the face is divided into four regions. Then, each region is cut, with the cutting path meandering along the strike of the rock strata and moving upwards.

[0016] Furthermore, when the rock strata are vertically inclined or at an angle close to 90°, a horizontal groove is cut near the top of the working face. The depth of this horizontal groove is kept consistent with the depth of the initial free face. Then, a vertical groove is cut vertically upward from the bottom middle of the working face and along the strike of the rock strata, dividing the working face into two regions, left and right. Each region is then cut, with the cutting path meandering along the strike of the rock strata and moving to the right.

[0017] Furthermore, the rock strata crushing device includes multiple crushing mechanisms that are detachably connected end to end in sequence. The crushing mechanism at one end is detachably connected to the sealing end cap, and the crushing mechanism at the other end is rotatably connected to the adapter seat. The multiple crushing mechanisms are coaxially connected to a transmission rod assembly. One end of the transmission rod assembly is rotatably connected to the sealing end cap, and the other end of the transmission rod assembly is connected to the output end of the drive mechanism. A transmission mechanism is assembled between the adapter seat and the transmission rod assembly. The transmission mechanism is driven by the drive mechanism to drive the crushing mechanism and the transmission rod assembly to rotate in opposite directions.

[0018] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part respectively constructed at both ends of the axial direction of the assembly. The first connecting part and the second connecting part that are close to each other in adjacent assemblies are detachably connected. Multiple crushing parts are movably connected to the circumferentially spaced assembly. One end of each crushing part extends into the assembly and elastically abuts against the transmission rod assembly, while the other end of the crushing part extends out of the assembly and strikes the rock strata.

[0019] Furthermore, the axis of each of the crushing parts extends and intersects with the axis of the transmission rod assembly, and the angle between the axis of the crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle; and when the angle between the axis of one of the two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is a right angle or an obtuse angle; when the angle between the axis of one of the two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is a right angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle.

[0020] Furthermore, the transmission rod assembly includes an insert rod body with an elliptical cross-section. One end of the insert rod body is rotatably connected to a sealing end cap, and the other end of the insert rod body is inserted into a tube body. The tube body has an elliptical cross-section, and a connecting pipe is constructed at the upper end of the tube body. The connecting pipe is connected to a drive mechanism. A first adjusting cylinder is installed between the drive mechanism and the connecting pipe seat. The driving direction of the first adjusting cylinder is the same as the axial direction of the tube body.

[0021] Furthermore, a fracturing chamber is formed within the assembly, and fracturing channels connecting the fracturing chamber and the outside are provided in each fracturing section. A guiding channel is provided in the insert rod body along the axis of the insert rod body and passes through the insert rod body. Multiple guiding holes are provided at one end of the insert rod body near the sealing end cap. Each of the guiding holes connects the guiding channel and the fracturing chamber. A liquid guiding tube is rotatably connected to the end of the adapter tube away from the insert tube body.

[0022] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a central gear coaxially mounted outside the insertion tube body, an end seat rotatably connected to the adapter, the end seat being detachably mounted on the axial end of the corresponding crushing part, an internal gear ring coinciding with the axis of the central gear being mounted on the end seat, and a plurality of transmission gears being evenly mounted between the central gear and the internal gear ring along the circumference of the internal gear ring, each of the transmission gears being rotatably mounted on the end seat, and the central gear and the internal gear ring being connected by transmission gears.

[0023] The technological advancements achieved by this invention compared to existing technologies, due to the aforementioned structure, are as follows: This invention utilizes advanced horizontal drilling and in-hole imaging (30m) combined with deepened boreholes (5m) to determine the strata distribution ahead of the tunnel face, and draws a geological morphology map based on the exploration results. The geological structure of the tunnel face is visually observed, and a geological sketch of the tunnel face is drawn. The rock strata structure of the tunnel face is determined by combining the geological exploration results and the geological sketch, and a suitable cutting path is selected. The tunnel face of the cantilever tunnel boring machine is positioned, and construction personnel excavate according to the designated cutting path. During the cutting process of the cantilever tunnel boring machine's cutting teeth, the shovel section loads the cut rock debris into a transport vehicle, transports it to the rear muck truck, and then removes it from the tunnel. Rock debris that the shovel section cannot transport is removed with the assistance of a loader. Cutting path design for excavation using gravity under different rock strata structures: Tunnel face rock strata are typically at different dip angles. When the rock strata strike the same direction as the excavation (parallel), there are four typical rock mass structures affecting cantilever tunnel excavation: strata dipping left or right with dip angles between horizontal and vertical; strata dipping horizontally or at a small angle; and strata dipping vertically or at an angle close to vertical. Different cutting trajectories are used for excavation based on these different rock strata structures. Considering the effect of gravity, a reasonable excavation sequence should first cut the weaker parts at the bottom of the rock strata, such as bedding planes or joints, allowing the upper rock to collapse under its own weight, reducing the need for mechanical cutting. This requires first cutting the lower part of the face rock mass to create an open space; then treating the upper part to allow the rock to collapse on its own. The cutting path design follows the excavation principle of "first the open area, then the main body; first the lower layer, then the upper layer," allowing the rock mass's own weight to become the primary rock-breaking force, with the cutting head only responsible for "creating conditions" and "refining the outline." Through this cutting path design, the main function of the cutting head can be transformed from "forcibly breaking the rock mass" to "inducing the rock mass to self-destruct," significantly reducing energy consumption while improving excavation efficiency. Taking small-section tunnels as an example, a cantilever tunneling machine can complete the full-section cutting operation in one positioning. The cutting path for large-section tunnels is similar to that for small-section tunnels. When a cantilever tunneling machine cannot complete the face cutting operation in one go, the same cutting path can be used to excavate in sections. Furthermore, after the tunnel outline is constructed, a rock strata fracturing device is used to perform fracturing operations on the area within the outline boundary groove, thereby weakening the bonding strength between rock strata to facilitate subsequent excavation operations. This invention controls the rock strata breaking device to move along the cutting path during the process of controlling the cutting head to cut along the rock strata (along the dip direction, major joints, etc.), thereby breaking the rock strata and further improving the efficiency of rock strata detachment. Therefore, the rock strata breaking device of this invention can be used both as a fracturing device for fracturing operations and as a breaking device to crush rock strata.In summary, this invention can be used for excavation of various rock strata structures at the tunnel face, and is particularly suitable for strata structures with obvious layered joints. It can effectively reduce the contact time between the cutting teeth and hard rock, reduce the wear of the cutting head, and improve excavation efficiency by utilizing gravity to break down rocks. It also optimizes mechanical load and extends the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it releases stress in stages, reducing the probability of sudden collapse. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the initial free face construction when the rock strata are inclined and the dip angle is between horizontal and vertical;

[0027] Figure 2 This refers to the cutting path of the cutting head when the rock strata are inclined with an angle between horizontal and vertical and rock strata are being cut.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the initial free face construction when the rock strata are horizontally inclined or at a dip angle close to 0°.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of vertical slot cutting when the rock strata are horizontally inclined or at an angle close to 0°.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of horizontal groove cutting when the rock strata are dipping horizontally or at an angle close to 0°.

[0031] Figure 6 This refers to the cutting path of the cutting head when the rock strata are dipping horizontally or at an angle close to 0° and rock strata are being cut.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the initial free face construction when the rock strata are inclined vertically or at an angle close to 90°.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of horizontal slot cutting when the rock strata are inclined vertically or at an angle close to 90°;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of vertical slot cutting when the rock strata are inclined vertically or at an angle close to 90°;

[0035] Figure 10 This refers to the cutting path of the cutting head when rock strata are dipping vertically or at an angle close to 90° and rock strata are being cut.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the contour dividing groove structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the rock strata breaking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of the structure at part A in the middle;

[0040] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of the structure of part B in the middle;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating seat in the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism and the transmission rod assembly in the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 18 This is a partial structural diagram of the transmission mechanism in the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism in the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the crushing mechanism and the local transmission rod assembly in the rock strata crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 21 for Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the structure shown from another angle;

[0047] Figure 22 for Figure 20 Top view of the structure shown.

[0048] Components labeled: 100-Crushing mechanism, 101-Assembly assembly, 102-First connecting part, 103-Second connecting part, 104-Crushing rod, 105-Abutting ball head, 106-Connecting spring, 107-Crushing head, 108-Fracturing channel, 109-Fracturing chamber, 200-Sealing end cap, 300-Adapter seat, 400-Transmission rod assembly, 401-Insertion rod body, 402-Conducting channel, 403-Conducting hole, 404-Connecting shaft head, 405-Limiting flange, 406-Insertion tube body, 407-Adapter tube, 408-Adapter joint, 500-Transmission mechanism. 501-End seat, 502-Fixing sleeve, 503-Adapter edge, 504-Internal gear ring, 505-Mounting shaft, 506-Transmission gear, 507-Center gear, 508-Mounting sleeve, 509-Mounting port, 510-Adapter flange, 511-Gear cover, 600-Drive mechanism, 601-Connecting seat, 602-Drive motor, 603-Driving wheel, 604-Driven wheel, 605-Transmission belt, 606-Fixing lug, 700-Liquid guiding hose, 701-Hose body, 702-Adapter sleeve, 800-First adjusting cylinder, 900-Second adjusting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0050] This invention discloses an energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine that utilizes gravity, such as... Figures 1-22 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1. Use advanced horizontal drilling and in-hole imaging combined with deepening the blast holes to explore the strata distribution in front of the tunnel face, and draw a geological morphology map based on the exploration results;

[0052] Step 2. Before the cantilever tunneling machine enters the working face, it is necessary to conduct surveying and setting out to mark the excavation outline of the tunnel;

[0053] Step 3. Cut a horizontal groove from left to right along the horizontal direction from the position below the working face to form the initial free surface;

[0054] Step 4. Drill multiple boundary holes at intervals along the excavation outline. Then, use a cantilever tunneling machine to cut the excavation outline and connect these boundary holes to form an outline boundary groove.

[0055] Step 5. Drill holes at intervals in the area of ​​the working face located within the contour dividing groove, and insert the rock fracturing device into each hole in sequence to carry out fracturing operations.

[0056] Step 6. Control the cutting head to cut along the direction of the rock strata in a roundabout manner. The cutting path should always be parallel to the direction of the rock strata until the entire face is excavated. During the excavation, the rock breaking device is inserted into the excavation trench between two adjacent rock strata. At the same time, the rock breaking device is controlled to move along the cutting path to break the rock strata.

[0057] Step 7. Then, use the low speed setting of the cantilever tunneling machine to trim the contour dividing groove to form a smooth contour surface.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, when the rock strata are inclined with an angle between horizontal and vertical, the cutting path meanders along the rock strata from the lower corner of the tunnel face, gradually extending to the upper diagonal of the tunnel face. Specifically, the cutting is carried out layer by layer along the rock strata structure: a "layered progressive cutting" strategy is adopted to excavate layer by layer, with the cutting head cutting back and forth along the direction of the rock strata's inclination, and the cutting path always remaining parallel to the rock strata's dip. When the rock strata are inclined to the left, excavation proceeds from the lower left corner to the upper right corner; when the rock strata are inclined to the right, excavation proceeds from the lower right corner to the upper left corner; until the entire tunnel face is excavated. Since the initial free face at the bottom has been constructed previously, milling and cutting can be carried out directly from the initial free face. The width of the rock mass cut in a single operation is dynamically adjusted according to the cutting performance of the cantilever tunneling machine. When the cantilever tunneling machine experiences cutting difficulties or unstable vibration, the thickness of the rock mass to be cut is appropriately reduced, and the nearby rock mass is broken by the disturbance of the cutting teeth. The cutting head cuts along the direction of the rock strata or the joint extension direction. Especially when there are hard rock layers between the rock strata, it can avoid the cutting reaction force perpendicular to the direction of the rock strata, reduce cutting resistance and construction energy consumption. At the same time, it can use the weak structural plane between the rock strata to induce the rock mass to slip and loosen under the dual action of the cutting teeth disturbance and gravity, thereby improving the cutting and excavation efficiency.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 3-6As shown, when the rock strata dip horizontally or at an angle close to 0°, a vertical groove is cut upwards from the bottom of the tunnel face, with a depth consistent with the initial free face depth. This vertical groove serves as a stress concentration point in the middle of the tunnel face, severing the connection between horizontal rock strata and inducing the rock strata at the tunnel face to bulge and deform into the tunnel, thus causing cracking. Subsequently, at the middle height of the unexcavated area of ​​the tunnel face, another horizontal groove is cut from left to right, with the depth of this groove consistent with the initial free face depth. The unexcavated area of ​​the tunnel face is divided into four regions. When the rock strata have good integrity but horizontal joint structures, the construction of the horizontal groove, i.e., the wedge-shaped cut in the middle of the tunnel face, can release the rock mass stress, thereby triggering the separation of the rock mass along the horizontal joints. The gravity of the surrounding rock loosens the rock mass to be excavated, facilitating subsequent excavation. Horizontal reciprocating cutting from bottom to top: After completing the construction of the vertical slots and horizontal grooves, the tunnel face is divided into four unexcavated areas. These four unexcavated areas are then excavated using a bottom-up horizontal reciprocating cutting method, i.e., an "S"-shaped cutting path is used to cut upwards step by step for each unexcavated area. First, the lower part of the tunnel face is excavated, then the upper part. During the cutting process, the cutting head alternately swings left and right, each swing disturbing the upper uncut rock mass. The rock mass's own weight and lateral pressure are continuously used to assist in breaking the rock, causing it to fall off under its own weight. This cutting path avoids continuous cutting in the same position for extended periods, reducing wear on the cutting teeth, improving cutting efficiency, and reducing energy consumption.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 7-10 As shown, when the rock strata dip vertically or at an angle close to 90°, a horizontal slot is cut near the top of the working face. The depth of this horizontal slot is consistent with the depth of the initial free face. This horizontal slot serves as a free unloading surface, causing the rock mass below to lose its top connection, forming a "cantilever slab" structure that is suspended both above and below. Subsequently, a vertical slot is cut vertically upwards from the bottom center of the working face, following the strike of the rock strata, dividing the working face into left and right regions. Each region is then cut, with the cutting path meandering along the strike of the rock strata and moving to the right.

[0061] This invention utilizes advanced horizontal drilling and in-hole imaging (30m) combined with deepened blast holes (5m) to determine the strata distribution ahead of the tunnel face, and draws a geological morphology map based on the exploration results. The geological structure of the tunnel face is visually observed, and a geological sketch of the tunnel face is drawn. Combining the geological exploration results with the geological sketch, the rock strata structure of the tunnel face is determined, and a suitable cutting path is selected. The tunnel face of the cantilever tunnel boring machine is positioned, and construction personnel excavate according to the designated cutting path. During the cutting process of the cantilever tunnel boring machine's cutting teeth, the shovel section loads the cut rock debris into a transport vehicle, which transports it to the muck truck at the rear, and then removes it from the tunnel. Rock debris that the shovel section cannot transport is removed with the assistance of a loader. Cutting path design for excavation using gravity under different rock strata structures: Tunnel face rock strata are typically at different dip angles. When the rock strata strike the same direction as the excavation (parallel), there are four typical rock mass structures affecting cantilever tunnel excavation: strata dipping left or right with dip angles between horizontal and vertical; strata dipping horizontally or at a small angle; and strata dipping vertically or at an angle close to vertical. Different cutting trajectories are used for excavation based on these different rock strata structures. Considering the effect of gravity, a reasonable excavation sequence should first cut the weaker parts at the bottom of the rock strata, such as bedding planes or joints, allowing the upper rock to collapse under its own weight, reducing the need for mechanical cutting. This requires first cutting the lower part of the face rock mass to create an open space; then treating the upper part to allow the rock to collapse on its own. The cutting path design follows the excavation principle of "first the open area, then the main body; first the lower layer, then the upper layer," allowing the rock mass's own weight to become the primary rock-breaking force, with the cutting head only responsible for "creating conditions" and "refining the outline." Through this cutting path design, the main function of the cutting head can be transformed from "forcibly breaking the rock mass" to "inducing the rock mass to self-destruct," significantly reducing energy consumption while improving excavation efficiency. Taking small-section tunnels as an example, a cantilever tunneling machine can complete the full-section cutting operation in one positioning. The cutting path for large-section tunnels is similar to that for small-section tunnels. When a cantilever tunneling machine cannot complete the face cutting operation in one go, the same cutting path can be used to excavate in sections. Furthermore, after the tunnel outline is constructed, a rock strata fracturing device is used to perform fracturing operations on the area within the outline boundary groove, thereby weakening the bonding strength between rock strata to facilitate subsequent excavation operations. This invention controls the rock strata breaking device to move along the cutting path during the process of controlling the cutting head to cut along the rock strata (along the dip direction, major joints, etc.), thereby breaking the rock strata and further improving the efficiency of rock strata detachment. Therefore, the rock strata breaking device of this invention can be used both as a fracturing device for fracturing operations and as a breaking device to crush rock strata.In summary, this invention can be used for excavation of various rock strata structures at the tunnel face, and is particularly suitable for strata structures with obvious layered joints. It can effectively reduce the contact time between the cutting teeth and hard rock, reduce the wear of the cutting head, and improve excavation efficiency by utilizing gravity to break down rocks. It also optimizes mechanical load and extends the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it releases stress in stages, reducing the probability of sudden collapse.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 12-22 As shown, the rock strata crushing device includes an adapter 300, a sealing end cap 200, a transmission rod assembly 400, a drive mechanism 600, a transmission mechanism 500, and multiple crushing mechanisms 100. These crushing mechanisms 100 are detachably connected end-to-end in sequence. One end of the crushing mechanism 100 is detachably connected to the sealing end cap 200; the other end is rotatably connected to the adapter 300. In this embodiment, one end of the transmission rod assembly 400 passes sequentially through each crushing mechanism 100 along its axis, and this end is rotatably connected to the sealing end cap 200. The other end of the transmission rod assembly 400 is connected to the output end of the drive mechanism 600. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 500 is mounted between the adapter 300 and the transmission rod assembly 400. Driven by the drive mechanism 600, the transmission mechanism 500 causes the crushing mechanisms 100 and the transmission rod assembly 400 to rotate in opposite directions. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: This embodiment controls the drive mechanism 600 to move in the forward direction, so that it drives all the crushing mechanisms 100 to rotate synchronously in the same direction through the transmission mechanism 500. At the same time, the transmission rod group 400 rotates in the opposite direction. In this way, during the rotation of the transmission rod group 400, the crushing mechanism 100 is driven to knock and crush the rock layer. Combined with the gravity of the rock layer and the destruction of the rock layer joints, the rock layer falls off quickly.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 15 , Figure 20 , Figure 21 , Figure 22As shown, the crushing mechanism 100 includes a mounting set 101 and multiple crushing parts. A first connecting part 102 and a second connecting part 103 are respectively constructed at both axial ends of the mounting set 101. The first connecting parts 102 and second connecting parts 103 of adjacent mounting sets 101 are detachably connected, and the connection between the first connecting parts 102 and second connecting parts 103 is sealed. The multiple crushing parts are movably connected to the circumferential wall of the mounting set 101 at intervals along its circumference. One end of each crushing part extends into the mounting set 101 and elastically abuts against the transmission rod assembly 400, while the other end of the crushing part extends out of the mounting set 101 and strikes the rock strata. The crushing mechanism 100 of this embodiment includes a crushing rod 104, an abutting ball head 105, a crushing head 107, and a connecting spring 106. One end of the crushing rod 104 extends movably into the mounting assembly 101 to form an extended end. The abutting ball head 105 is constructed on the extended end. The connecting spring 106 is fitted outside the crushing rod 104. One end of the connecting spring 106 is connected to the abutting ball head 105, and the other end of the connecting spring 106 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting assembly 101. The other end of the crushing rod 104 extends movably out of the mounting assembly 101 to form an extended end. The crushing head 107 is constructed on the extended end. In this embodiment, by controlling the drive mechanism 600 to move in the reverse direction, the transmission mechanism 500 drives the transmission rod assembly 400 to rotate forward. During the forward rotation of the transmission rod assembly 400, the abutting ball head 105 is driven to move outward, thus driving the crushing rod 104 and the crushing head 107 to move outward. Meanwhile, under the action of the transmission mechanism 500, it drives the assembly 101 to rotate in the opposite direction. The assembly 101 drives the crushing rod 104 to rotate with it, thereby achieving the purpose of the crushing head 107 to crush the rock strata by impact. In this embodiment, the axis of each crushing part extends and intersects with the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400. The angle between the axis of the crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle. When the angle between the axis of one of two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is an acute angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is a right angle or an obtuse angle. When the angle between the axis of one of two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is a right angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle.In this way, during the process of crushing the rock strata by impact, since the multiple crushing rods 104 on each crushing mechanism 100 are oriented in multiple directions, these crushing heads 107 crush the area to be crushed at multiple points in the same straight line or not in the same straight line. This can be adjusted according to the structure and strength of the rock strata, so that different types of rock strata can be quickly dislodged, thereby improving the crushing efficiency. That is, when the structure and strength of the rock strata are large, the angle between the axis of the crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod group 400 is right angle, and the axes of all the crushing parts are located on the same plane. When the rock strata crushing device does not move along the channel cut by the cutting head, the rock strata crushing device is controlled to move, and the crushing mechanism 100 reciprocates to strike a single point of the rock strata to facilitate the dislodging of the rock strata. Then, the rock strata crushing device is controlled to move along the channel cut by the cutting head to the next position to perform the next crushing operation. This operation is repeated to achieve the above-mentioned multi-point same straight line crushing operation. The multi-point refers to multiple crushing nodes. When encountering rock formations with relatively low structure and strength, the angle between the axis of the crushing section and the axis of the transmission rod assembly 400 is acute, right, or obtuse, and the axes of these crushing sections are not on the same plane. When the rock crushing device moves along the channel cut by the cutting head, these crushing sections have a large impact area on the rock formation, making it easier for large areas of weak rock formations to break off quickly. Moreover, in this embodiment, during fracturing operations, due to the structural setup required for fracturing, the fracturing medium is ejected from the crushing rod 104 through the crushing head 107 under high pressure. Because multiple crushing rods 104 in the same crushing mechanism 100 are arranged at multiple angles, the fracturing medium is ejected in multiple directions, thereby performing comprehensive and multi-dimensional fracturing of the rock formation and improving the initial crushing effect of the rock formation.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 15 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 , Figure 21As shown, the transmission rod assembly 400 includes a rod body 401, a tube body 406, and a first adjusting cylinder 800. The rod body 401 and the tube body 406 both have elliptical cross-sections. A connecting shaft head 404 is constructed at one end of the rod body 401, which is rotatably connected to the center of the sealing cap 200. The other end of the rod body 401 is inserted into the tube body 406. A limiting flange 405 is constructed at the end of the rod body 401 near the sealing cap 200. The limit of the insertion of the tube body 406 into the rod body 401 is that the end of the tube body 406 abuts against the limiting flange 405. An adapter tube 407 is constructed at the upper end of the cannula body 406. The adapter tube 407 is connected to the drive mechanism 600 and, driven by the drive mechanism 600, the adapter tube 407 rotates, causing the cannula body 406 and the insertion rod body 401 to rotate synchronously. In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 600 includes a connecting seat 601, a drive motor 602, a driving wheel 603, a driven wheel 604, and a transmission belt 605. The drive motor 602 is mounted on the connecting seat 601, the driving wheel 603 is coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 602, and the driven wheel 604 is coaxially mounted on the adapter tube 407. The driving wheel 603 and the driven wheel 604 are connected by the transmission belt 605. A fixing lug 606 is constructed on the connecting seat 601. The cylinder body of the first adjusting cylinder 800 is connected to the fixing lug 606, and the cylinder rod of the first adjusting cylinder 800 is connected to the adapter 300. The driving direction of the first adjusting cylinder 800 is the same as the axial direction of the insertion tube body 406. In this embodiment, the insertion tube body 406 and the insertion rod body 401 are driven to rotate synchronously by the drive motor 602. When the insertion rod body 401 contacts each of the abutting ball heads 105 in each of the crushing mechanisms 100, and the insertion tube body 406 does not contact each of the abutting ball heads 105, the insertion rod body 401 rotates and, with the cooperation of the connecting spring 106, drives the crushing rod 104 to reciprocate a certain distance from the assembly 101 in a small amplitude, thereby performing a small-amplitude hammering and crushing operation on the rock strata. When the first adjusting cylinder 800 is activated, causing the insertion tube body 406 to extend into each crushing mechanism 100 and contact each abutment ball head 105, the insertion tube body 406 rotates and, with the cooperation of the connecting spring 106, drives the crushing rod 104 to extend back and forth a certain distance from the assembly 101, thereby performing a large-scale impact crushing operation on the rock strata. Therefore, this embodiment can adjust the impact amplitude by controlling the action of the first adjusting cylinder 800, thus adapting to the crushing of rock strata with different structures and strengths. Furthermore, it allows the crushing mechanism 100 to extend into excavation trenches of different widths and impact the trench walls (rock strata) to crush them.In this embodiment, the end of the cylinder body of the first adjusting cylinder 800 is hinged to the robotic arm, and the cylinder body of the first adjusting cylinder 800 is hinged to the end of the cylinder rod of the second adjusting cylinder 900. The end of the cylinder body of the second adjusting cylinder 900 is hinged to the robotic arm. By controlling the movement of the second adjusting cylinder 900, the tilt angle of the entire equipment can be adjusted, thereby achieving the effect of multi-angle rock strata breaking.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 13 , Figure 15 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 , Figure 21 As shown, a fracturing chamber 109 is formed within the assembly 101. A fracturing channel 108 connecting the fracturing chamber 109 to the outside is formed within each fracturing rod 104. A guiding channel 402 is formed within the insert rod body 401, extending through the insert rod body 401 along its axis. Multiple guiding holes 403 are formed at the end of the insert rod body 401 near the sealing cap 200. These guiding holes 403 are located between the connecting shaft head 404 and the limiting flange 405, and each guiding hole 403 connects the guiding channel 402 and the fracturing chamber 109. An adapter 408 is constructed at the end of the adapter tube 407 away from the insert tube body 406, and a fluid guiding hose 700 is rotatably connected to the end of the adapter tube 407 away from the insert tube body 406. The fluid guiding hose 700 includes a hose body 701, with an adapter sleeve 702 at the end of the hose body 701. The adapter sleeve 702 is rotatably connected to the adapter 408. High-pressure medium (generally high-pressure water) enters the transmission rod assembly 400 through the fluid guiding hose 700, then enters each conduction channel 402 through the fracturing chamber 109, and finally exits through the high-pressure jet from the fracture head 107, thereby realizing the fracturing operation. In this embodiment, the transmission rod assembly 400 can be rotated by a certain angle, thereby adjusting the length of part of the fracture rod 104 extending out of the assembly 101, thus realizing fracturing of boreholes with different diameters.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18As shown, the transmission mechanism 500 includes a central gear 507, an internal gear ring 504, a rotating seat, an end seat 501, and multiple transmission gears 506. The rotating seat includes a mounting sleeve 508 with an elliptical mounting opening 509. The mounting sleeve 508 is movably mounted to the outside of the insertion tube body 406 through the mounting opening 509. A transition flange 510 and a gear guard 511 are respectively constructed at both axial ends of the mounting sleeve 508. In this embodiment, a fixing sleeve 502 is constructed at one axial end of the end seat 501. This fixing sleeve 502 is detachably connected to the second connecting portion 103 of the adjacent mounting sleeve 101. A transition interface is formed in the middle of the end seat 501, and the edge of this transition interface forms a transition edge 503. The transition flange 510 is coaxially rotatably mounted at the transition edge 503. In this embodiment, the central gear 507 is coaxially mounted on the outside of the mounting sleeve 508, and the internal gear ring 504 is mounted on the end seat 501. The axis of the internal gear ring 504 coincides with the axis of the central gear 507. The aforementioned multiple transmission gears 506 are arranged between the central gear 507 and the internal gear ring 504, and these transmission gears 506 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the internal gear ring 504. Multiple mounting shafts 505 are evenly mounted on the end seat 501 along its circumference. Each transmission gear 506 is rotatably mounted on the corresponding mounting shaft 505, and the central gear 507 and the internal gear ring 504 are connected by transmission through the transmission gears 506. The gear cover 511 covers the central gear 507, the internal gear ring 504 and the multiple transmission gears 506, and the gear cover 511 is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the internal gear ring 504. In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 600 drives the transmission rod assembly 400 to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission rod assembly 400, the rotating seat rotates, which in turn drives the central gear 507 to rotate in the forward direction. Under the transmission of multiple transmission gears 506, the internal gear ring 504 rotates in the reverse direction. The internal gear ring 504 drives the crushing mechanism 100 to rotate in the reverse direction through the end seat 501, thereby realizing the action of the transmission rod assembly 400 driving the crushing rod 104 to reciprocate and extend from the assembly 101.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine that utilizes gravity, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1. Use advanced horizontal drilling and in-hole imaging combined with deepening the blast holes to explore the strata distribution in front of the tunnel face, and draw a geological morphology map based on the exploration results; Step 2. Before the cantilever tunneling machine enters the working face, it is necessary to conduct surveying and setting out to mark the excavation outline of the tunnel; Step 3. Cut a horizontal groove from left to right along the horizontal direction from the position below the working face to form the initial free surface; Step 4. Drill multiple boundary holes at intervals along the excavation outline. Then, use a cantilever tunneling machine to cut the excavation outline and connect these boundary holes to form an outline boundary groove. Step 5. Drill holes at intervals in the area of ​​the working face located within the contour dividing groove, and insert the rock fracturing device into each hole in sequence to carry out fracturing operations. Step 6. Control the cutting head to cut along the direction of the rock strata in a roundabout manner. The cutting path should always be parallel to the direction of the rock strata until the entire face is excavated. During the excavation, the rock breaking device is inserted into the excavation trench between two adjacent rock strata. At the same time, the rock breaking device is controlled to move along the cutting path to break the rock strata. Step 7. Then, use the low speed setting of the cantilever tunneling machine to trim the contour dividing groove to form a smooth contour surface.

2. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine with gravity according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the rock strata are inclined and the dip angle is between horizontal and vertical, the cutting path detours along the direction of the rock strata from the lower corner of the working face and gradually extends to the upper diagonal of the working face.

3. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine with gravity according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the rock strata dip horizontally or at an angle close to 0°, a vertical groove is cut upwards from the bottom of the middle of the face, with the depth consistent with the initial free face depth. Then, at the middle height of the unexcavated area of ​​the face, a horizontal groove is cut again from left to right, with the depth of the horizontal groove consistent with the initial free face depth. The unexcavated area of ​​the face is divided into four regions. Then, each region is cut, with the cutting path meandering along the strike of the rock strata and moving upwards.

4. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation method using a cantilever tunneling machine with gravity according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the rock strata dip vertically or at an angle close to 90°, a horizontal groove is cut near the top of the working face. The depth of this horizontal groove is kept consistent with the depth of the initial free face. Then, a vertical groove is cut vertically upward from the bottom middle of the working face and along the strike of the rock strata, dividing the working face into two regions, left and right. Each region is then cut, with the cutting path meandering along the strike of the rock strata and moving to the right.

5. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The rock strata crushing device includes multiple crushing mechanisms that are detachably connected end to end. The crushing mechanism at one end is detachably connected to the sealing end cap, and the crushing mechanism at the other end is rotatably connected to the adapter seat. The multiple crushing mechanisms are coaxially connected to a transmission rod assembly. One end of the transmission rod assembly is rotatably connected to the sealing end cap, and the other end of the transmission rod assembly is connected to the output end of the drive mechanism. A transmission mechanism is assembled between the adapter seat and the transmission rod assembly. The transmission mechanism is driven by the drive mechanism to drive the crushing mechanism and the transmission rod assembly to rotate in opposite directions.

6. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that: The crushing mechanism includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part respectively constructed at both ends of the axial direction of the assembly. The first connecting part and the second connecting part that are close to each other in adjacent assemblies are detachably connected. Multiple crushing parts are movably connected to the circumferentially spaced of the assembly. One end of each crushing part extends into the assembly and elastically abuts against the transmission rod assembly, while the other end of the crushing part extends out of the assembly and strikes the rock strata.

7. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: The axis of each crushing part extends and intersects with the axis of the transmission rod assembly. The angle between the axis of the crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle. When the angle between the axis of one of the two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is a right angle or an obtuse angle. When the angle between the axis of one of the two adjacent crushing parts and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is a right angle, the angle between the axis of the other crushing part and the axis of the transmission rod assembly is an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle.

8. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: The transmission rod assembly includes an insert rod body with an elliptical cross-section. One end of the insert rod body is rotatably connected to a sealing cap, and the other end of the insert rod body is inserted into a tube body. The tube body has an elliptical cross-section, and a connecting pipe is constructed at the upper end of the tube body. The connecting pipe is connected to a drive mechanism. A first adjusting cylinder is installed between the drive mechanism and the connecting pipe seat. The driving direction of the first adjusting cylinder is the same as the axial direction of the tube body.

9. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that: A fracturing chamber is formed within the assembly, and a fracturing channel connecting the fracturing chamber and the outside is provided in each fracturing section. A conductive channel is provided in the insert rod body along the axis of the insert rod body and passes through the insert rod body. Multiple conductive holes are provided at one end of the insert rod body near the sealing end cap. Each of the conductive holes connects the conductive channel and the fracturing chamber. A liquid guiding tube is rotatably connected to the end of the adapter tube away from the insert tube body.

10. A method for energy-saving and consumption-reducing tunnel excavation using a cantilever tunneling machine utilizing gravity, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a central gear coaxially mounted outside the tube body, an end seat rotatably connected to the adapter, the end seat being detachably mounted on the axial end of the corresponding crushing part, an internal gear ring coinciding with the axis of the central gear being mounted on the end seat, and a plurality of transmission gears being evenly mounted between the central gear and the internal gear ring along the circumference of the internal gear ring, each of the transmission gears being rotatably mounted on the end seat, and the central gear and the internal gear ring being connected by transmission gears.

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