A ramie planting soil component detection device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil detection, and particularly discloses a soil component detection device and method for ramie planting, wherein the detection device comprises a base which is arranged on a ground to be detected through support columns around the base, and a layered detection mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the base; the layered detection mechanism comprises a detection rod which comprises a vertical guide probe pipe; the top end of the guide probe pipe is connected with the base through a pushing mechanism; a plurality of detection windows are arranged outside the guide probe pipe; a shielding base plate is attached to the inner wall of the guide probe pipe at positions corresponding to the detection windows; the shielding base plate is rotationally matched with the guide probe pipe; a flexible shielding part and a detection sensor array part which are matched with the detection windows are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the shielding base plate; and the detection windows are shielded by the flexible shielding part on the outer surface of the shielding base plate at the beginning. The device can be used to precisely detect the soil at different depths and improve the use effect of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil testing technology, and specifically discloses a device and method for detecting soil components for ramie cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Ramie, an important specialty fiber crop in my country, is closely related to soil conditions during its growth. The key lies in the high degree of compatibility between its root system stratification characteristics and the soil composition stratification patterns. Ramie has a dense root system distributed at varying depths. The shallow fibrous roots mainly absorb readily available nutrients and organic matter from the surface, while the deep taproots focus on obtaining stable nutrients and water from deeper soil layers. Furthermore, as soil depth increases, pH, organic matter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents show significant stratification differences. This compatibility directly affects the quality and yield of ramie fiber. Therefore, accurately understanding the distribution of soil components at different depths is crucial for achieving precision ramie cultivation.

[0003] Currently, most traditional testing methods use a "sampling-processing-testing" process. After collecting soil, it undergoes pretreatment such as slicing and dissolving, which inevitably mixes samples from different depths, loses the natural stratification characteristics of the soil, and can only obtain the average content of the overall components. It cannot distinguish the source of nutrients in the shallow and deep layers, leading to biased test results.

[0004] While portable field testing technologies that have emerged in recent years (such as handheld sensors and insertable probes) have solved the timeliness problem, they still have shortcomings: First, the stratification accuracy is low, requiring multiple insertions and removals of the probe to obtain data at different depths, which can easily compact the soil and disturb the root system; second, the sensors are directly exposed, making them susceptible to damage from soil and stones or corrosion from moisture, shortening the lifespan of the device, which in turn leads to inaccurate ramie planting and management, and ultimately adversely affects the quality and yield of ramie fiber.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need to propose a device and method for detecting soil components for ramie cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil composition detection device and method for ramie cultivation, so as to at least solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A soil composition testing device for ramie cultivation, the testing device includes a base, the base is set on the ground to be tested by supporting columns around it, the lower part of the base is provided with a layered testing mechanism, the layered testing mechanism includes a testing rod, the testing rod includes a vertically arranged guide tube, the top end of the guide tube is connected to the base by a pushing mechanism;

[0009] The guide probe has multiple detection windows on its outside. A shielding substrate is attached to the inner wall of the guide probe at the positions of the multiple detection windows. The shielding substrate is rotatably engaged with the guide probe. A flexible shielding part and a detection sensor array part that cooperate with the detection windows are respectively provided on the outer surface of the shielding substrate.

[0010] Initially, the shielding substrate shields the detection window through the flexible shielding portion on its outer surface;

[0011] The guide probe is also provided with a movable rod inside, which is slidably engaged with the guide probe. A rotation drive is provided at the bottom end of the movable rod. A matching magnetic adsorption part is provided between the outer surface of the rotation drive and the inner surface of the shielding substrate. When the rotation drive moves vertically to the position of the shielding substrate under the drive of the movable rod, the rotation drive and the shielding substrate are magnetically connected by the mutual attraction of the magnetic adsorption parts.

[0012] At this time, the rotating drive unit rotates, causing the shielding substrate to rotate, which in turn rotates the detection sensor array to the detection window position.

[0013] A method for detecting soil components for ramie cultivation, based on a soil component detection device for ramie cultivation, includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1, Device Deployment: Fix the base to the ground to be tested using the surrounding support columns, and check and confirm that in the initial state, the flexible shielding part on the outer surface of the shielding substrate forms a closed shielding for all detection windows on the guide probe.

[0015] Step 2, insertion of the guide probe: According to the target depth range of the soil to be tested in the ramie planting area, the guide probe is driven vertically downward by the pushing mechanism to insert the guide probe into the soil until the depth of the guide probe in the soil covers the target detection layer, and the detection window corresponds to the depth of the soil layer to be tested.

[0016] Step 3, magnetic docking; the moving rod slides down inside the guide tube by the electric slide rail and slider to drive the rotating drive to move to the position of the shielding substrate corresponding to the target detection depth. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic adsorption part makes the rotating block and the shielding substrate form circumferential linkage. At the same time, the magnetic plug is inserted into the insertion slot to connect the first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece. The power storage module supplies power to the detection sensor array.

[0017] Step 4, Detection Start: Inject a preset amount of detection auxiliary liquid into the seepage holes of the corresponding detection area through the water injection chamber and micro-flow pipe, so that the seepage holes slowly and evenly seep the detection auxiliary liquid into the soil around the detection window, thereby forming a soil solution area in the area to be tested. At this time, control the rotating motor to drive the rotating block to rotate. Through the magnetic attraction linkage between the rotating block and the shielding substrate, the shielding substrate is driven to slide and rotate along the rotating slot on the inner wall of the guide probe and gradually move away from the detection window until the detection area of ​​the detection sensor array corresponds to the detection window.

[0018] Step 5, Soil Parameter Data Acquisition: As the flexible shielding part gradually rotates away from the detection window, the airbag compression layer of the flexible shielding part is squeezed against the inner wall of the guide tube, so that the gas medium in the airbag compression layer enters the air cavity interlayer, and the elastic expansion layer expands elastically, so that the detection area protrudes outward through the detection window. By rotating the rotating block, the probes of the soil pH sensor, organic matter detection sensor and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion sensor in multiple detection areas respectively come into contact with the soil solution area to be tested at the current depth, so as to sequentially collect soil composition parameters and transmit them to the detection data processing module. The detection data processing module receives the data, processes it and sends it to the external terminal.

[0019] Step 6, Layered Detection: After completing the soil parameter data acquisition at the current target depth, perform the following operations to achieve layered detection at multiple depths:

[0020] If the depth of the soil to be tested is consistent with the spacing of the detection windows, keep the position of the guide tube unchanged, drive the moving rod to slide down through the slide rail module, and drive the rotating drive to connect with the shielding substrate in other detection windows on the guide tube in sequence. Repeat steps 3-5 to complete the corresponding depth detection.

[0021] If the depth of the soil to be tested is not consistent with the spacing of the detection windows, the vertical position of the guide probe is finely adjusted by pushing the mechanism so that the target depth corresponds to a certain detection window. Then, the sliding rail module drives the moving rod to connect with the shielding plate of the detection window. Repeat steps 3-5 to complete the target depth detection.

[0022] Step 7, detection reset; after all depth detections are completed, the shielding substrate is rotated back to its initial position to close the detection window by rotating the drive component, the moving rod is moved upward to disengage the drive component from the shielding substrate, and the pushing mechanism is activated to pull out the guide probe.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention uses a layered detection mechanism to drive the guide tube to be vertically inserted into the soil in one go, avoiding the mixing of shallow and deep soil caused by the traditional "sampling-processing-detection" process. This allows for the in-situ retention of soil layer data and eliminates the need for multiple insertions and removals of the probe, reducing soil compaction and disturbance to ramie roots. At the same time, the invention cleverly utilizes multiple detection windows distributed on the outside of the guide tube to effectively detect soil nutrient parameters at different depths, thereby accurately matching the soil layer absorption needs of shallow fibrous roots and deep taproots of ramie at different depths in the soil and improving the adaptability of the detection data to ramie planting management.

[0025] (2) The present invention uses a magnetic adsorption part combined with a rotatable shielding substrate with dynamic opening and closing design. During the non-detection stage, the flexible shielding part closes the detection window to prevent the sensor from being contaminated or damaged by soil. During detection, the magnetic adsorption part is used to accurately connect the detection sensor array and the power storage module to provide stable power. The detection area of ​​the shielding substrate is precisely connected to the detection window by rotation control to collect multiple soil parameter data simultaneously, thereby improving the detection accuracy and working life of the device and greatly improving its performance.

[0026] (3) The present invention provides a water seepage hole, a micro-flow pipe and a water injection chamber at the top of the detection window to deliver the detection auxiliary liquid to the area to be detected so as to form a uniform soil solution area. At this time, the sensor array to be detected rotates to the detection window and comes into contact with the moistened soil, so as to accurately capture the concentration of the dissolved soil components, thereby ensuring that the detection data reflects the true soil components. This solves the detection deviation caused by uneven nutrient dissolution in soils with different humidity levels. At the same time, the detection device can be adapted to ramie planting plots with different textures and humidity levels. Compared with detection equipment that can only be used under specific humidity conditions, the device has a wider range of applications. In addition, the detection sensor array is arranged in alternating areas, so that the pH value, organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium data at the same depth can be obtained in a single detection, avoiding interference between multiple parameters and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the detection data. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the detection window structure of the present invention. The rotating block is not magnetically connected to the shielding substrate.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the detection window structure of the present invention, showing that the rotating block is magnetically connected to the shielding substrate;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the detection window and the shielding substrate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a top view of the internal structure of the guide tube of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 An enlarged schematic diagram of the shielding substrate and the detection window.

[0034] In the above figures, the reference numerals represent: 1. Base; 21. Guide probe; 211. Electric slide rail; 22. Pushing mechanism; 23. Detection window; 24. Shielding substrate; 241. Flexible shielding part; 2411. Airbag compression layer; 242. Detection sensor array part; 2421. Detection area; 2422. Elastic expansion layer; 24221. Airbag interlayer; 25. Moving rod; 251. Rotating motor; 26. Rotating block; 261. Energy storage module; 271. Magnetic adsorption block; 2711. Insertion slot; 272. Magnetic connection block; 2721. Magnetic plug; 281. Rotating slot; 3. Water injection chamber; 31. Microflow channel; 32. Water seepage hole. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The embodiments described below are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0036] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, materials, or methods have not been specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, instruments, and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, the techniques used in the embodiments are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] Please see Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a soil composition detection device for ramie planting. The detection device includes a base 1, which is set on the ground to be tested by surrounding support columns. The feature is that the lower part of the base 1 is provided with a layered detection mechanism, which includes a detection rod. The detection rod includes a vertically arranged guide tube 21, and the top end of the guide tube 21 is connected to the base 1 through a pushing mechanism 22.

[0040] The guide probe 21 has multiple detection windows 23 on its outside. A shielding substrate 24 is attached to the inner wall of the guide probe 21 at the position corresponding to the detection window 23. The shielding substrate 24 is rotatably engaged with the guide probe. A flexible shielding part 241 and a detection sensor array part 242 that cooperate with the detection window 23 are respectively provided on the outer surface of the shielding substrate 24.

[0041] Initially, the shielding substrate 24 shields the detection window 23 through the flexible shielding part 241 on its outer surface;

[0042] The guide probe 21 is also provided with a movable rod 25 inside, which is slidably engaged with the guide probe 21. A rotation drive is provided at the bottom end of the movable rod 25. A matching magnetic adsorption part is provided between the outer surface of the rotation drive and the inner surface of the shielding substrate 24. When the rotation drive moves vertically to the position of the shielding substrate 24 under the drive of the movable rod 25, the rotation drive and the shielding substrate 24 are magnetically connected by the mutual attraction of the magnetic adsorption parts.

[0043] At this time, the rotating drive unit rotates and drives the shielding substrate 24 to rotate, causing the detection sensor array 242 to rotate to the position of the detection window 23.

[0044] Clearly, in the existing technology, soil testing for ramie cultivation mostly relies on traditional sampling methods or simple probes, which often suffer from problems such as stratified data distortion and equipment damage. Furthermore, traditional methods require multiple samplings, which can damage the soil structure. Although portable probes can detect on-site, they cannot achieve accurate stratification. Long-term exposure of the sensors makes them susceptible to soil erosion and damage. At the same time, repeated insertion and removal of the probe rod can cause soil compaction and blockage of the sensor window by mud, leading to abnormal data and ultimately affecting the accuracy of fertilization decisions.

[0045] To address the aforementioned issues and achieve multi-depth detection and dynamic sensor protection under single insertion conditions, the applicant, through analysis of existing probe structures, discovered that most existing probes directly expose the sensors on the outside. Although some have detection windows 23 installed on the outside of the probe, these windows are also exposed, posing a risk of soil intrusion. Furthermore, current mechanical linkage sealing mechanisms are susceptible to soil resistance. Therefore, this application utilizes a scheme combining a rotatable shielding substrate 24 and a magnetic drive to construct a dynamically opening and closing detection window 23 inside the probe, achieving both sensor protection and ensuring layered detection accuracy.

[0046] Specifically, this embodiment sets up a layered detection mechanism at the lower part of the base 1. Utilizing multiple detection windows 23 distributed on the outside of the guide tube 21 and a pushing mechanism 22, when detecting soil components, the pushing mechanism 22 drives the guide tube 21 to be vertically inserted into the soil, so that the detection windows 23 are distributed in the soil at different depths. This eliminates the need to dig up soil samples as in the traditional "sampling-processing-detection" process, thereby avoiding the problem of soil mixing at different depths caused by pre-processing after sampling. It solves the defects of traditional detection that lose the natural layering characteristics of the soil and can only obtain the overall average content, and realizes the in-situ preservation of the soil layering data structure.

[0047] This allows the detection device to accurately match the different root layer depths of ramie during planting and growth through multiple detection windows 23 when detecting soil components (that is, during the detection process, the moving rod 25 can continuously connect to the shielding substrate 24 at different depths to achieve multi-layer data acquisition under a single insertion condition). This effectively distinguishes different component parameters in the collected shallow and deep soil layers and accurately detects the soil nutrient data corresponding to different root layers of ramie. As a result, the soil detection data of the detection device can be more accurate and reliably applied in ramie planting management. At the same time, unlike portable detection devices, there is no need to insert and remove the probe multiple times. When detecting soil at different depths, multi-depth detection can be completed by a single insertion, avoiding soil compaction and disturbance to the ramie root system caused by multiple insertions and removals, and matching the detection accuracy requirements of ramie's "root layer absorption".

[0048] Furthermore, this application provides a shielding substrate 24 with a flexible shielding part 241 and a detection sensor array part 242 at the detection window 23 on the inner wall of the guide probe 21. Initially, the flexible shielding part 241 seals and shields the detection window 23. During the detection process, only when the rotation drive moves to the corresponding depth and forms a magnetic attraction connection with the shielding substrate 24 through the magnetic adsorption part, that is, the rotation drive and the annular structure basically form a linkage structure of circumferential synchronous rotation, will the rotation drive start and rotate around its own axis. The magnetic attraction force will drive the shielding substrate 24 to rotate synchronously. When the shielding substrate 24 rotates to a preset angle, the detection sensor array part 242 on its outer surface will rotate to the position corresponding to the detection window 23 (at this time, the flexible shielding part 241 will rotate with the detection sensor array part 242). The shielding substrate 24 rotates away from the detection window 23, allowing the detection sensor array 242 to contact the external soil through the detection window 23. This prevents the detection sensor from contacting the soil or the external environment during non-detection stages (such as when the guide probe is inserted into the soil), ensuring the sensor array is completely sealed when not in operation. This avoids detection errors caused by soil particle adhesion and prevents damage to the detection sensor from soil and gravel, thus effectively extending the sensor's lifespan. Simultaneously, the detection sensor array 242 directly contacts the soil at the corresponding depth for detection, accurately acquiring soil composition parameters at that depth. This enables the detection equipment to accurately detect soil composition in ramie cultivation, providing reliable technical support for refined ramie planting management and effectively improving ramie fiber quality and yield.

[0049] As should be understood, in this embodiment, the pushing mechanism 22 refers to a linear driving mechanism used to drive the guide probe 21 to move up and down in the vertical direction, so as to insert the guide probe 21 into the soil to the target detection depth or pull it out of the soil and reset it. It is preferably a hydraulic cylinder. The guide probe 21 refers to a hollow tubular structure, and it is preferably made of segmented stainless steel pipe splicing. The detection window 23 refers to rectangular openings that are equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the tube body. Specifically, it can be formed by laser cutting process. The opening length can be 5-8 cm. The spacing is set according to the distribution characteristics of ramie roots to ensure coverage of the main absorption layer. The shielding substrate 24 is preferably an arc-shaped metal plate. By forming a rotating pair with the inner wall of the guide probe 21, the shielding substrate 24 can maintain stable contact during rotation and prevent soil particles from entering the probe.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide probe 21 and the moving rod 25 are slidably connected by a slide rail module. The slide rail module includes an electric slide rail 211 arranged inside the guide probe 21 along its axial direction and a slider arranged outside the moving rod 25 and slidingly engaged with the electric slide rail 211.

[0051] In this embodiment, through the cooperation of the electric slide rail 211 and the slider, the electric slide rail 211 can drive the slider to move stably along the slide rail trajectory during detection, thereby driving the moving rod 25 and the rotation drive at the bottom to accurately adjust the vertical position, thus ensuring the precise and controllable displacement of the moving rod 25 in the guide probe 21, so that the moving rod 25 can accurately move to the corresponding detection window 23 position according to the detection requirements.

[0052] Obviously, the electric slide rail 211 refers to a linear drive rail that extends continuously along the length of the guide probe 21. Specifically, it can be implemented using an integrated track structure with a built-in stepper motor and ball screw, which controls the displacement of the moving rod 25 through an electrical signal. The slider refers to a mechanical component that forms a sliding engagement with the electric slide rail 211. Specifically, it can be implemented using an aluminum alloy slider with a self-lubricating coating that fits into the track groove, which improves sliding stability by reducing the coefficient of friction of the contact surface.

[0053] Therefore, it can be understood that this application achieves high-precision positioning of the moving rod 25 inside the guide tube 21, ensuring accurate docking of the rotating drive component and the shielding substrate 24 at the target depth position, thereby ensuring the spatial matching degree between the sensor array and the detection window 23 during the stratification detection process, and ultimately improving the reliability of soil composition stratification data.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the rotation drive includes a rotating block 26 adapted to the external shielding substrate 24. The upper part of the rotating block 26 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the moving rod 25, and a rotating motor 251 with its output end connected to the rotating block 26 is provided inside the bottom end of the moving rod 25.

[0055] In this embodiment, the rotating block 26 is adapted to the shape of the shielding substrate 24 to ensure a good fit, and its upper part is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the moving rod 25. At the same time, the output end of the rotating motor 251 inside the bottom end of the moving rod 25 is directly connected to the rotating block 26. Thus, during detection, when the moving rod 25 drives the rotating block 26 to move vertically to the shielding substrate 24 at the target depth and is attracted by the magnetic adsorption part, the rotating motor 251 can be started and directly drive the rotating block 26 to rotate, thereby driving the shielding substrate 24 to rotate synchronously, so as to achieve precise alignment between the detection sensor array 242 and the detection window 23.

[0056] Among them, the rotating block 26 refers to a rigid component that matches the shape of the inner surface of the shielding substrate 24. Its circumferential edge contour is consistent with the contact surface of the shielding substrate 24 to ensure a stable circumferential linkage during magnetic attraction. The rotating motor 251 is preferably a waterproof stepper motor, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the rotating block 26 through a coupling to directly transmit rotational power.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, a rotating structure is provided between the shielding substrate 24 and the inner wall of the guide probe 21. The rotating structure includes rotating slots 281 that are attached to the curved surface of the inner wall of the guide probe and are located at the upper and lower parts of the detection window 23, respectively. The length of the two rotating slots 281 is greater than the length of the shielding substrate 24, and the width between the two rotating slots 281 is not less than the width of the shielding substrate 24.

[0058] The shielding substrate 24 is embedded between the two rotating slots 281 and slides in cooperation with the rotating slots 281.

[0059] Among them, the rotating slot 281 refers to the annular groove structure extending along the curved surface of the inner wall of the guide probe. Specifically, it can be made of aluminum alloy. The distance between the upper and lower rows of grooves is slightly larger than the thickness of the shielding substrate 24, which is used to form a sliding track to constrain the rotation path of the shielding substrate 24. The slider refers to the protruding structure set at the four corners of the shielding substrate 24. It is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. Its cross-sectional dimensions match the inner cavity of the rotating slot 281, and it can slide with low resistance in the slot to limit the radial displacement of the shielding substrate 24.

[0060] It can be clearly stated that in this embodiment, the rotating structure adopts a rotating slot 281 structure. This structure involves setting rotating slots 281, which fit against the curved surface of the inner wall of the guide tube 21 at the upper and lower parts corresponding to the detection window 23. A shielding substrate 24 is embedded between the two rotating slots 281, and a sliding fit is formed between the shielding substrate 24 and the rotating slots 281. This allows the shielding substrate 24 to move stably along the trajectory of the rotating slots 281, solving the problem of inaccurate rotational positioning of the shielding substrate 24. This ensures that the shielding substrate 24 always moves along a fixed trajectory during rotation, guaranteeing that the detection sensor array 242 can accurately align with the detection window 23, avoiding misalignment. The detection data distortion is perfectly adapted to the requirement of accurate soil depth correspondence in ramie soil stratification detection; at the same time, it enhances the initial sealing of the detection window 23 to a certain extent. The interlocking structure of the rotating slot 281 and the shielding plate 24 can reduce the gap between the two, preventing soil from seeping into the probe when it is inserted into the soil. This protects the core components such as the moving rod 25 and the rotating drive from soil particle contamination. The sliding cooperation between the slider and the slot replaces the direct friction between the shielding plate 24 and the inner wall of the probe, reducing component wear, extending the service life of the shielding plate 24, and ensuring that the device can be used multiple times for detection in different ramie planting plots, maintaining stable stratification detection performance.

[0061] For example, in the initial state, the shielding substrate 24 is fitted into the rotating slot 281, and the flexible shielding part 241 on the outer surface forms a closed shield against the detection window 23. At this time, the rotating slot 281 restricts the lateral displacement of the shielding substrate 24 through size adaptation, preventing it from shifting due to soil compression or probe insertion vibration. When the rotating drive is magnetically connected to the shielding substrate 24 under the action of the moving rod 25, the rotation of the rotating drive will drive the shielding substrate 24 to move synchronously. At this time, the shielding substrate 24 will slide along the inner wall trajectory of the rotating slot 281. The rotating slot 281 provides a stable rotational guide path for the shielding substrate 24, preventing it from tilting or misaligning during rotation. On the one hand, the design of the shielding substrate 24 having a length greater than the shielding substrate 24 provides sufficient rotation space for the shielding substrate 24, ensuring that the shielding substrate 24 can rotate completely to the preset angle where the detection sensor array 242 is aligned with the detection window 23. On the other hand, the design of the width not less than the shielding substrate 24 effectively ensures that the shielding substrate 24 will not be stuck due to the constraint of the slot when rotating. It effectively eliminates the axial offset and radial jamming phenomenon during the rotation of the shielding substrate 24, ensuring that the detection sensor array 242 can be accurately aligned with the detection window 23, and that the shielding substrate 24 can maintain a stable rotation trajectory when the soil resistance changes, avoiding sensor misalignment caused by mechanical vibration, thereby further improving the reliability of detection data.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The magnetic adsorption part includes a magnetic adsorption block 271 and a magnetic connection block 272 that magnetically attract each other. The magnetic adsorption block 271 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the shielding substrate 24. The surface of the magnetic adsorption block is recessed inward to form an insertion groove 2711. A first conductive contact piece is provided in the insertion groove 2711. The first conductive contact piece is electrically connected to the detection sensor array part 242. The magnetic connection block 272 is installed on the outside of the rotating block 26. An elastically retractable magnetic plug 2721 is provided at the end of the magnetic connection block 272 corresponding to the magnetic adsorption block 271. The magnetic plug 2721 is adapted to the insertion groove 2711. A second conductive contact piece is connected to the end of the magnetic plug. The second conductive contact piece is electrically connected to the energy storage module 261 embedded inside the rotating block 26.

[0063] When the magnetic adsorption block 271 and the magnetic connection block 272 magnetically engage, the magnetic plug 2721 is inserted into the insertion slot 2711 under the action of magnetic attraction, so that the first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece are connected, thereby enabling the energy storage module 261 to supply power to the detection sensor array 242.

[0064] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the magnetic adsorption part is provided with a magnetic adsorption block 271 and a magnetic connecting block 272 that magnetically attract each other. A slot 2711 with a first conductive contact piece is formed on the surface of the magnetic adsorption block 271, and an elastic telescopic magnetic plug 2721 with a second conductive contact piece is provided at the end of the magnetic connecting block 272. This cleverly constructs an integrated magnetic and conductive structure. Specifically, during the detection process, when the moving rod 25 drives the rotating drive component to move vertically to the position of the shielding substrate 24 at the target depth, the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic adsorption block 271 and the magnetic connecting block 272 first achieves rapid and precise docking, thus forming a circumferential linkage structure between the rotating drive component and the shielding substrate 24. Subsequently, the magnetic plug 2721 elastically... Extending and inserting into the insertion slot 2711, the first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece are in close contact. This not only completes the adaptation of the rotational drive component to the rotational power transmission of the shielding substrate 24, but also simultaneously connects the power supply circuit of the power storage module 261 to the detection sensor array 242. This achieves the synchronous action of magnetic docking and power supply, thus eliminating the need for additional manual wiring or starting the power switch. This avoids the problem of power line interruption caused by pulling in traditional detection, and ensures stable power supply to the detection sensor array 242 during corresponding depth detection. At the same time, the reliability of the magnetic connection also ensures the synchronicity of the rotation of the shielding substrate 24 when the rotational drive component drives it to rotate, allowing the detection sensor array 242 to rotate accurately to the position of the detection window 23, effectively improving the efficiency and data accuracy of layer detection.

[0065] Understandably, the magnetic adsorption block 271 refers to a block-shaped structure with magnetic adsorption capability, preferably implemented using a permanent magnet or electromagnet, and is arrayed on the inner surface of the shielding substrate 24. The magnetic connecting block 272 refers to a metal block-shaped structure that can magnetically attract the magnetic adsorption block 271; multiple of these are also provided and circumferentially distributed around the rotating block 26. Thus, when the rotating block 26 and the shielding substrate 24 are at the same horizontal height, as long as any one of the magnetic connecting blocks 272 forms a magnetic adsorption with the magnetic adsorption block 271, a magnetic connection can be achieved between the rotating block 26 and the shielding substrate 24, thereby enabling the rotating block 26 to achieve a magnetic connection. 6. When close to the magnetic adsorption block 271, it can be quickly positioned and connected to the shielding substrate 24 by magnetic attraction; the magnetic plug 2721 refers to a conductive component with elastic extension function, which can be implemented by a spring-loaded metal plug. The first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece refer to metal pieces used to conduct current, preferably made of copper alloy gold-plated material, used to establish an electrical connection path when the insertion slot 2711 and the magnetic plug 2721 are connected. The power storage module 261 refers to a power supply unit integrated inside the rotating block 26, which can preferably be implemented by a micro lithium battery pack, used to provide power to the detection sensor array 242.

[0066] Obviously, compared with the existing technology, the traditional solution usually uses external wires or fixed contacts for power supply. The wires are easily damaged by soil friction, and the fixed contacts are prone to poor contact due to vibration. However, this application uses the plug-in conductive structure of magnetic plug 2721 and plug slot 2711 to realize the automatic connection of the power supply path while avoiding the problems of tangling and wear of external wires. In addition, in the existing technology, the sensor is often in a continuous power supply state, while this solution only activates the power supply when the detection window 23 is open, further reducing the risk of oxidation of the sensor due to the humid environment. Therefore, this application realizes the physical enclosure and power-off protection of the detection sensor array 242 in the non-working state, effectively preventing soil particles from intruding or moisture from corroding.

[0067] In a further preferred embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the detection sensor array 242 includes a plurality of detection areas 2421 arranged in a rectangular shape on the outer surface of the shielding substrate 24 and divided sequentially along the circumference. The plurality of detection areas 2421 are spaced apart from each other and are respectively provided with soil pH sensor, organic matter detection sensor and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion sensor. An elastic expansion layer 2422 is also embedded inside the detection sensor array 242, and the side of the elastic expansion layer 2422 opposite to the shielding substrate 24 is connected to each corresponding detection area 2421. An air cavity interlayer is also provided inside the elastic expansion layer 2422.

[0068] The flexible shielding part 241 protrudes from the outer surface of the shielding substrate 24. A sealed airbag compression layer 2411 is embedded inside the flexible shielding part 241. The airbag compression layer 2411 is filled with a gas medium, and the airbag compression layer 2411 and the air cavity interlayer are connected through a micro air channel opened inside the shielding substrate 24.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the rectangularly distributed detection sensor array 242 is circumferentially divided into multiple independent detection areas 2421, and each area is equipped with a single type of sensor, that is, a soil pH sensor, an organic matter detection sensor, and a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ion sensor are respectively installed in different detection areas 2421. When the shielding substrate 24 rotates, the flexible shielding part 241 exposes the current detection area 2421 to the soil through the detection window 23. That is, when the shielding substrate 24 rotates to the detection window 23, the sensor corresponding to the detection area 2421 contacts the soil for detection. After the detection is completed, the shielding substrate 24 rotates in the opposite direction to reset, and the flexible shielding part 241 re-closes the detection window 23 to prevent soil intrusion.

[0070] Compared to existing technologies, this solution uses multiple rectangularly distributed detection areas 2421, and these areas detect soil components using various types of sensors. This reduces the probability of sensor damage and enables independent detection of multiple parameters. Furthermore, the detection areas 2421 at different depths of the ramie roots can be gradually aligned with the detection window 23 and come into contact with the soil according to detection requirements. This allows for continuous acquisition of multiple soil component parameters at different depths, avoiding soil disturbance caused by repeated probe insertion and removal. It achieves comprehensive detection of key soil indicators for ramie growth (pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), precisely matching the stratified absorption needs of the shallow fibrous roots (requiring readily available nutrients) and the deep taproot (requiring stable nutrients).

[0071] Obviously, when the shielding substrate 24 rotates around the inner wall of the guide tube 21, causing the flexible shielding part 241 to disengage from the detection window 23, a squeezing fit will be formed between the protruding flexible shielding part 241 and the inner wall of the guide tube 21. This will cause the gas medium in the airbag squeezing layer 2411 to flow into the air cavity interlayer of the elastic expansion layer 2422 through the micro air channel, thereby driving the elastic expansion layer 2422 to expand and protrude radially outward along the guide tube 21. This will cause the probes of various types of sensors in the detection sensor array 242 to pass through the detection window 23 and approach and contact the soil, thereby achieving effective contact detection of the soil. This will enable the accurate and synchronous acquisition of pH value, organic matter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content data at the same soil depth in a single operation.

[0072] Furthermore, the specific process of shielding the substrate 24 is as follows:

[0073] Initial state: The shielding substrate 24 is positioned by rotating the slot 281, the protruding end of the flexible shielding part 241 faces the inner wall of the guide probe 21, the airbag compression layer 2411 is in a naturally relaxed state, the elastic expansion layer is not expanded, and the probe of the detection sensor array part 242 is completely attached to the outer surface of the shielding substrate 24 and flush with the inner side of the detection window 23 (without protrusion to avoid damage when the guide probe 21 is inserted into the soil).

[0074] Detection triggering process: When the rotating drive unit drives the shielding substrate 24 to rotate through the magnetic adsorption part, the flexible shielding part 241 rotates synchronously with the shielding substrate 24. Its protruding part gradually contacts and is squeezed against the inner wall of the guide probe 21. The gas medium (such as nitrogen) in the airbag compression layer 2411 flows into the air cavity interlayer of the elastic expansion layer through the micro airway one-way valve. The pressure in the air cavity interlayer increases, pushing the elastic expansion layer to expand radially outward (so that the sensor probe passes through the detection window 23 and forms contact with the soil).

[0075] Reset process: After the current depth detection is completed, the rotating drive causes the shielding substrate 24 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the flexible shielding part 241 is separated from the inner wall of the guide probe 21 and squeezed together with the inner wall of the guide probe 21. Then, the gas in the air cavity interlayer is pushed back to the airbag compression layer 2411 through the micro-flow channel, so that the flexible shielding part 241 protrudes out again to block the detection window 23. At this time, the elastic stretching layer returns to its initial thickness, and the sensor probe is retracted to the surface of the shielding substrate 24.

[0076] In some optional embodiments, the upper part of the base 1 is further provided with a control terminal, which includes a detection data processing module. The detection data processing module is signal-connected to the detection sensor array 242 and is used to receive the soil detection data transmitted therefrom and send it to an external terminal.

[0077] In this embodiment, the control terminal can establish a real-time signal connection with the detection sensor array 242 through its onboard detection data processing module. It can efficiently receive and integrate the soil pH value, organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium stratification data transmitted from each depth detection window 23, process them, generate detection results and send them to the external terminal, so that the planting personnel can quickly obtain the current soil composition data of ramie planting and thus manage fertilization accordingly.

[0078] Understandably, the control unit refers to the data management unit integrated on the upper part of the base 1, preferably implemented by an embedded industrial computer or microprocessor. Its built-in communication interface establishes a physical or wireless connection with the detection sensor array 242.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment presents a preferred embodiment in which... Figure 1 and 3 As shown in the figure, specifically: a seepage hole 32 is provided on the upper part of the inner frame of the detection window 23. The water outlet end of the seepage hole 32 is set downward and inclined in a direction away from the detection window 23. The water inlet end of the seepage hole 32 is connected to the water injection chamber 3 through a micro-flow pipe 31 passing through the guide probe 21. The water injection chamber 3 is connected to the base 1.

[0081] It should be noted that, since soil nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ions, and soluble organic matter) are all easily soluble in water, if the detection sensor array 242 is directly in contact with the soil for detection, the soluble nutrients in the soil may not be fully dissolved into the medium that the sensor can capture due to differences in soil moisture in the field (such as low soil moisture content in dry plots and uneven moisture distribution in clay soils). For example, in dry soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ions are mostly adsorbed on the surface of soil particles in solid form, making it difficult for the sensor to effectively contact and identify them, which can easily lead to problems such as low detection data or large fluctuations in values. Even in moist soil, the soil at the detection window 23 may become locally compacted due to the compression when the guide probe 21 is inserted, preventing water from smoothly penetrating to the sensor contact area, which also causes inaccurate soil composition data detection and thus affects the effectiveness of the detection device.

[0082] Therefore, in this embodiment, multiple seepage holes 32 are opened in the upper part of the inner frame of the detection window 23, and the water outlet of the seepage holes 32 is tilted downward and away from the detection window 23. The water injection tank 3 on the base 1 is connected through the microflow pipe 31. At the beginning of the detection, the water injection tank 3 can deliver a small amount of precise dose of detection auxiliary liquid to the seepage holes 32 through the microflow pipe 31. After the detection auxiliary liquid slowly flows out through the tilted seepage holes 32, it will first wet the soil area around the detection window 23, so that the soluble components in the soil in this area can be fully dissolved in the water to form a uniform soil solution area to be tested. At this time, the sensor array 242 to be tested rotates to the detection window 23 and comes into contact with the wetted soil, so as to accurately capture the concentration of the dissolved soil components. This ensures that the detection data reflects the true soil components and avoids detection deviation. At the same time, it allows the detection device to be adapted to ramie planting plots with different textures and humidity. Compared with detection equipment that can only be used under specific humidity conditions, it has a wider range of applications.

[0083] Meanwhile, compared with the existing technology, this embodiment uses the inclined guidance of the seepage hole 32 and the flow rate control of the microflow channel 31 to make the liquid diffuse in a specific direction at a controllable rate, which not only maintains the integrity of the original soil structure, but also ensures that the solution is evenly distributed in the target depth layer, effectively eliminating the detection error caused by uneven liquid distribution.

[0084] Therefore, it can be clearly stated that this application solves the problem of data deviation and distortion caused by impurities adhering to the sensor when it is in direct contact with the soil. Furthermore, the inclined seepage hole 32 design can effectively guide the detection auxiliary liquid to seep out along the edge away from the detection window 23, avoiding physical damage to the sensors caused by liquid scouring. In addition, through the synergistic effect of the microfluidic channel 31 and the seepage hole 32, the detection auxiliary liquid forms a uniformly thick wetted zone in the target soil layer, providing a standardized detection environment for the sensor. This significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the detection device's soil composition detection data and enhances the device's performance.

[0085] In the above embodiments, the seepage hole 32 is preferably a conical channel with a diameter of 0.5-1mm, and its outlet end is inclined downward at 15-30°. This inclination angle design makes the liquid flow direction form an angle with the plane of the detection window 23. The microfluidic channel 31 is a flexible conduit with an inner diameter of 1-2mm, which is inserted into the inside of the guide probe 21 to establish a sealed liquid channel between the water injection chamber 3 and the seepage hole 32. The detection auxiliary liquid is preferably a functional liquid that is suitable for the detection needs of ramie soil and does not interfere with the detection of nutrient parameters, such as deionized water.

[0086] Example 3:

[0087] This embodiment is based on the soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation proposed in Embodiments 1 and 2 above. A method for detecting soil composition for ramie cultivation is hereby proposed, which includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1, Device Deployment: Fix the base 1 to the ground to be tested using the surrounding support columns. Check and confirm that in the initial state, the flexible shielding part 241 on the outer surface of the shielding base plate 24 forms a closed shield for all detection windows 23 on the guide probe 21. Step 2, Insertion of Guide Probe 21: According to the target depth range of the soil to be tested in the ramie planting area, drive the guide probe 21 vertically downward by the pushing mechanism 22 to insert the guide probe 21 into the soil until the depth of the guide probe 21 in the soil covers the target detection layer, and ensure that the detection window 23 corresponds to the depth of the soil layer to be tested. Step 3, Magnetic Connection: Control the moving rod 25 to slide down inside the guide probe 21 via the electric slide rail 211 and the slider to drive the rotating drive to move to the target detection depth. At the corresponding position of the shielding substrate 24, the rotating block 26 and the shielding substrate 24 are circumferentially linked by the magnetic attraction of the magnetic adsorption part. At the same time, the magnetic plug 2721 is inserted into the insertion slot 2711, so that the first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece are connected and connected. The power storage module 261 supplies power to the detection sensor array 242. Step 4, detection start: A preset amount of detection auxiliary liquid is injected into the seepage hole 32 of the corresponding detection area 2421 through the water injection tank 3 and the microflow pipe 31, so that the seepage hole 32 slowly and evenly seeps the detection auxiliary liquid into the soil around the detection window 23, so that the soil in the test area forms the test soil solution area. At this time, the rotating motor 251 is controlled to drive the rotating block 26 to rotate, and the rotating block 26 and the shielding substrate 24 are connected by the magnetic attraction of the magnetic adsorption part. The magnetic attraction linkage of step 4 causes the shielding substrate 24 to slide and rotate along the rotating slot 281 on the inner wall of the guide probe 21 and gradually move away from the detection window 23 until the detection area 2421 of the detection sensor array 242 corresponds to the detection window 23; Step 5, soil parameter data acquisition: As the flexible shielding part 241 gradually rotates away from the detection window 23, the airbag compression layer 2411 of the flexible shielding part 241 is compressed against the inner wall of the guide probe 21, so that the gas medium in the airbag compression layer 2411 enters the air cavity interlayer, and the elastic expansion layer 2422 elastically expands, so that the detection area 2421 protrudes outward through the detection window 23, and the rotation of the rotating block 26 causes the soil pH sensors of multiple detection areas 2421 to... The probes of the organic matter detection sensor and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion sensor respectively make corresponding contact with the soil solution area to be tested at the current depth, so as to collect soil composition parameters in sequence and transmit them to the detection data processing module. The detection data processing module receives the data, processes it and sends it to the external terminal; Step 6, layer detection: After completing the collection of soil parameter data at the current target depth, the following operations are performed to achieve layer detection at multiple depths: If the layer height of the soil depth to be tested is consistent with the spacing of the detection window 23, keep the position of the guide tube 21 unchanged, drive the moving rod 25 to slide down through the slide rail module, and drive the rotating drive to connect to the shielding substrate 24 in other detection windows 23 on the guide tube 21 in sequence. Repeat steps 3-5 to complete the detection at the corresponding depth;If the depth of the soil to be tested is not aligned with the spacing between the detection windows 23, the vertical position of the guide probe 21 is finely adjusted by the pushing mechanism 22 so that the target depth corresponds to a certain detection window 23. Then, the sliding rail module drives the moving rod 25 to align with the shielding plate 24 of the detection window 23. Steps 3-5 are repeated to complete the target depth detection. Step 7, Detection Reset: After all depth detections are completed, the shielding plate 24 is rotated back to its initial position to close the detection window 23 by the rotating drive component. The moving rod 25 is then moved upward to disengage the rotating drive component from the shielding plate 24. At the same time, the pushing mechanism 22 is activated to pull out the guide probe 21.

[0089] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods require repeated insertion and removal of the probe, leading to soil compaction. However, the detection method proposed in this embodiment achieves multi-depth detection through a single insertion of the guide probe 21, eliminating the damage to the soil structure caused by repeated operations. Furthermore, addressing the vulnerability of existing handheld probes that directly expose the sensor, this method uses a rotating shielding substrate 24 to provide physical protection, only briefly exposing the sensor array during detection. This effectively ensures that the sensor is not damaged by external environmental factors. Simultaneously, this method maintains the natural stratification of the soil through an independent detection window 23, ensuring data accuracy. This efficiently connects the nutrient requirements of different root layers in ramie with planting decisions, significantly improving detection efficiency and accuracy, and providing reliable data support for precise fertilization and scientific planting of ramie.

[0090] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings of this specification are all schematic diagrams, intended only to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0091] Furthermore, the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A soil composition testing device for ramie cultivation, the device comprising a base (1), the base (1) being supported on the ground to be tested by surrounding support columns, characterized in that, The lower part of the base (1) is provided with a layered detection mechanism. The layered detection mechanism includes a detection rod, which includes a vertically arranged guide tube (21). The top end of the guide tube (21) is connected to the base (1) through a pushing mechanism (22). The guide probe (21) has multiple detection windows (23) on its outside. A shielding substrate (24) is attached to the inner wall of the guide probe (21) at the positions corresponding to the multiple detection windows (23). The shielding substrate (24) is rotatably engaged with the guide probe (21). A flexible shielding part (241) and a detection sensor array part (242) that cooperate with the detection windows (23) are respectively provided on the outer surface of the shielding substrate (24). Initially, the shielding substrate (24) shields the detection window (23) through the flexible shielding part (241) on its outer surface; The guide probe (21) is also provided with a moving rod (25) inside. The moving rod (25) is slidably engaged with the guide probe (21). A rotating drive is provided at the bottom end of the moving rod (25). A matching magnetic adsorption part is provided between the outer surface of the rotating drive and the inner surface of the shielding substrate (24). When the rotating drive moves vertically to the position of the shielding substrate (24) under the drive of the moving rod (25), the rotating drive and the shielding substrate (24) are magnetically connected by mutual attraction of the magnetic adsorption parts. At this time, the rotating drive unit rotates and drives the shielding substrate (24) to rotate, causing the detection sensor array (242) to rotate to the position of the detection window (23).

2. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide probe (21) and the moving rod (25) are slidably connected by a slide rail module. The slide rail module includes an electric slide rail (211) arranged inside the guide probe (21) along the axial direction of the guide probe (21) and a slider arranged outside the moving rod (25) and slidingly engaged with the electric slide rail (211).

3. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation drive includes a rotating block (26) adapted to the external shielding substrate (24). The upper part of the rotating block (26) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the moving rod (25), and a rotating motor (251) with its output end connected to the rotating block (26) is provided inside the bottom end of the moving rod (25).

4. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that, A rotating structure is provided between the shielding substrate (24) and the inner wall of the guide probe (21). The rotating structure includes rotating slots (281) that are in contact with the curved surface of the inner wall of the guide probe and are located at the upper and lower parts of the detection window (23) respectively. The length of the two rotating slots (281) is greater than the length of the shielding substrate (24), and the width between the two rotating slots (281) is not less than the width of the shielding substrate (24). The shielding substrate (24) is embedded between the two rotating slots (281) and slides in cooperation with the rotating slots (281).

5. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic adsorption part includes a magnetic adsorption block (271) and a magnetic connection block (272) that magnetically attract each other. The magnetic adsorption block (271) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the shielding substrate (24). The surface of the magnetic adsorption block (271) is recessed inward to form a plug groove (2711). A first conductive contact piece is provided in the plug groove (2711). The first conductive contact piece is electrically connected to the detection sensor array part (242). The magnetic connection block (272) is installed on the outside of the rotating block (26). An elastically telescopic magnetic plug (2721) is provided at the end of the magnetic connection block (272) corresponding to the magnetic adsorption block (271). The magnetic plug (2721) is adapted to the plug groove (2711). A second conductive contact piece is connected to the end of the magnetic plug (2721). The second conductive contact piece is electrically connected to the energy storage module (261) embedded in the rotating block (26).

6. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection sensor array (242) includes multiple detection areas (2421) arranged in a rectangular shape on the outer surface of the shielding substrate (24) and divided sequentially along the circumference. The multiple detection areas (2421) are spaced apart from each other and are respectively provided with soil pH sensor, organic matter detection sensor and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion sensor. An elastic expansion layer (2422) is also embedded inside the detection sensor array (242). The side of the elastic expansion layer (2422) opposite to the shielding substrate (24) is connected to each corresponding detection area (2421). An air cavity interlayer is also provided inside the elastic expansion layer (2422). The flexible shielding part (241) protrudes from the outer surface of the shielding substrate (24). A sealed airbag compression layer (2411) is embedded inside the flexible shielding part (241). The airbag compression layer (2411) is filled with a gas medium, and the airbag compression layer (2411) and the air cavity interlayer are connected by a micro air channel opened inside the shielding substrate (24).

7. The soil composition detection device for ramie cultivation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper part of the base (1) is also provided with a control terminal, which includes a detection data processing module. The detection data processing module is signal-connected to the detection sensor array (242) and is used to receive the soil detection data transmitted therefrom and send it to an external terminal.

8. A method for detecting soil components for ramie cultivation, comprising a soil component detection device for ramie cultivation according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1, device deployment: Fix the base (1) to the ground to be tested by the surrounding support columns, check and confirm that in the initial state, the flexible shielding part (241) on the outer surface of the shielding base plate (24) forms a closed shielding on all the detection windows (23) on the guide probe (21); Step 2, Insertion of the guide tube (21): According to the target depth range of the soil to be tested in the ramie planting area, the guide tube (21) is driven vertically downward by the pushing mechanism (22) so that the guide tube (21) is inserted into the soil until the depth of the guide tube (21) in the soil covers the target detection layer, and ensures that the detection window (23) corresponds to the depth of the soil layer to be tested; Step 3, magnetic docking; the electric slide rail (211) and the slider control the moving rod (25) to slide down in the guide tube (21) to drive the rotating drive to move to the position of the shielding substrate (24) corresponding to the target detection depth. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic adsorption part makes the rotating block (26) and the shielding substrate (24) form a circumferential linkage. At the same time, the magnetic plug (2721) is inserted into the insertion slot (2711) to connect the first conductive contact piece and the second conductive contact piece. The power storage module (261) supplies power to the detection sensor array (242). Step 4, detection start: Inject a preset amount of detection auxiliary liquid into the seepage hole (32) of the corresponding detection area (2421) through the water injection tank (3) and the micro-flow pipe (31), so that the seepage hole (32) slowly and evenly seeps the detection auxiliary liquid into the soil around the detection window (23), so that the soil in the test area forms the test soil solution area. At this time, control the rotating motor (251) to drive the rotating block (26) to rotate. Through the magnetic attraction linkage between the rotating block (26) and the shielding plate (24), the shielding plate (24) is driven to slide and rotate along the rotating slot (281) on the inner wall of the guide probe (21) and gradually move away from the detection window (23) until the detection area (2421) of the detection sensor array (242) corresponds to the detection window (23); Step 5, Soil parameter data acquisition: As the flexible shielding part (241) gradually rotates away from the detection window (23), the airbag compression layer (2411) of the flexible shielding part (241) is squeezed against the inner wall of the guide tube (21), so that the gas medium in the airbag compression layer (2411) enters the air cavity interlayer, and the elastic expansion layer (2422) expands elastically, so that the detection area (2421) protrudes outward through the detection window (23). By rotating the rotating block (26), the probes of the soil pH sensor, organic matter detection sensor and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion sensor of multiple detection areas (2421) respectively come into contact with the soil solution area to be tested at the current depth, so as to sequentially collect soil composition parameters and transmit them to the detection data processing module. The detection data processing module receives the data, processes it and sends it to the external terminal. Step 6, Layered Detection: After completing the soil parameter data acquisition at the current target depth, perform the following operations to achieve layered detection at multiple depths: If the depth of the soil to be tested is consistent with the spacing of the detection window (23), keep the position of the guide tube (21) unchanged, drive the moving rod (25) to slide down through the slide rail module, and drive the rotating drive to connect with the shielding substrate (24) in other detection windows (23) on the guide tube (21) in turn. Repeat steps 3-5 to complete the corresponding depth detection. If the depth of the soil to be tested is not consistent with the spacing of the detection window (23), the vertical position of the guide probe (21) is finely adjusted by pushing the mechanism (22) so that the target depth corresponds to a certain detection window (23). Then, the sliding rail module drives the moving rod (25) to connect with the shielding plate (24) of the detection window (23). Repeat steps 3-5 to complete the target depth detection. Step 7, detection reset: After all depth detection is completed, drive the shielding substrate (24) to rotate back to the initial position to close the detection window (23) by rotating the drive component, control the moving rod (25) to move upward to disengage the drive component from the shielding substrate (24), and at the same time start the pushing mechanism (22) to pull out the guide probe (21).

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