A double defense system and method for power transmission line insulator

Abstract

The application discloses a power transmission line insulator double defense system and method, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance. In the system, a power supply subsystem generates, stores and delivers high-pressure gas, and a first defense subsystem and a secondary defense subsystem are both communicated with the power supply subsystem through high-pressure delivery hoses to obtain high-pressure gas sources. The first defense subsystem is arranged around the power transmission line insulator, and the first defense subsystem forms an annular air curtain to block rain and snow from adhering to the surface of the insulator. The secondary defense subsystem detects and removes rain and snow that breaks through the annular air curtain. A photovoltaic power supply subsystem is used to provide power for the entire defense system. Each subsystem is electrically connected with an intelligent control subsystem, and the intelligent control subsystem is used to coordinate the starting, operation and parameter adjustment of each subsystem. The application solves the problems of high energy consumption and slow response of the existing anti-icing technology, and the problems of difficult capture of the micro-mechanism of icing and difficult reproduction of extreme working conditions, and realizes efficient blocking and removal of rain and snow.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance, and particularly relates to a power transmission line insulator double defense system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core barrier to ensure the safe operation of high-voltage transmission lines, the reliability of insulators is directly related to the stability and safety of the power grid. Once it fails in severe weather, it will trigger a cascading failure mode of "insulator-line-grid", which may cause the regional power grid to collapse within a few hours, causing serious impact on social production and life.

[0003] Under the condition of high-cold weather, the failure of insulators is not a single physical process, but a composite disaster involving multi-dimensional damage mechanisms. Specifically, firstly, at the electrical performance level, the conductive channel formed on the surface of the insulator can reduce the flashover voltage by 60%-80%, which is prone to cause breakdown explosion; secondly, at the mechanical structure level, when the ice thickness reaches 20mm, the load borne by the insulator can reach 8 times of that in normal state, which may cause core rod fracture or steel cap burst; thirdly, at the dynamic characteristic level, the impact load generated during the ice melting process exceeds 500N・s, which is easy to cause the fracture of the connecting plate; fourthly, at the geometric parameter level, the formation of ice bridge can shorten the creepage distance of the insulator by 40% and reduce the air gap by 65%; fifthly, at the material performance level, the freeze-thaw cycle can prolong the hydrophobicity recovery time of the silicone rubber insulator by 5 times; and sixthly, at the system influence level, the failure of the insulator may further trigger a cascading failure of "insulator-relay-main equipment", causing a chain impact on the entire power system.

[0004] In practical application, the performance defects of insulators in severe weather such as rain and snow have caused many power grid accidents. At present, the research on insulator failure still faces two major problems: on the one hand, the micro mechanism of insulator icing under complex weather conditions is difficult to accurately capture, and it is impossible to fully grasp the attachment, freezing and growth rules of rain and snow on the surface of the insulator; on the other hand, field observation is limited by the uncontrollability of the natural environment, and it is impossible to reproduce key working conditions such as extreme rain and snow, freeze-thaw cycle, etc., which makes it difficult to further study the failure mechanism of the insulator, and further restricts the research and application of new protection technology. The existing insulator anti-icing technology generally has the problems of high energy consumption and slow response, which is difficult to meet the efficient, timely and reliable requirements of high-voltage transmission line protection. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an insulator protection system that can realize efficient blocking and rapid removal of rain and snow through an active defense mechanism to improve the operation reliability of the power grid in extreme rain and snow weather. SUMMARY

[0005] To this end, the application provides a power transmission line insulator double defense system and method, which solves the problem of power grid accidents caused by icing failure of traditional insulators in rainy and snowy weather, the problem of high energy consumption and slow response of existing anti-icing technology, and the problem of insufficient protection caused by difficulty in capturing the micro mechanism of icing and difficulty in replicating extreme working conditions, and realizes efficient blocking and removal of rain and snow.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a power transmission line insulator double defense system, comprising a power supply subsystem, a primary defense subsystem, a secondary defense subsystem, an intelligent control subsystem and a photovoltaic power supply subsystem; the power supply subsystem is used for generating, storing and transporting high-pressure gas, the primary defense subsystem and the secondary defense subsystem are both communicated with the power supply subsystem through high-pressure delivery hoses to obtain high-pressure gas source; the primary defense subsystem is arranged around the power transmission line insulator, and is used for forming an annular air curtain to block the attachment of rain and snow on the surface of the insulator; the secondary defense subsystem is used for detecting and removing rain and snow that breaks through the annular air curtain; the photovoltaic power supply subsystem is used for providing power for the entire defense system; the power supply subsystem, the primary defense subsystem, the secondary defense subsystem and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem are all electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem, and the intelligent control subsystem is used for coordinating the start, operation and parameter adjustment of the power supply subsystem, the primary defense subsystem, the secondary defense subsystem and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem.

[0007] As a preferred scheme of the power transmission line insulator double defense system, the power supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank I, a driving motor, a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston assembly, a crankshaft and a cooling component; the driving motor is connected with the crankshaft through a transmission structure to drive the rotation of the crankshaft; the crankshaft is linked with the connecting rod piston assembly to drive the reciprocating movement of the connecting rod piston assembly in the cylinder assembly to realize air compression; the high-pressure gas storage tank I is used for storing compressed high-pressure gas; the cooling component is used for cooling the cylinder assembly; the cylinder assembly comprises a first-second cylinder assembly and a first-third cylinder assembly, and the connecting rod piston assembly comprises a first-second connecting rod piston assembly and a first-third connecting rod piston assembly; the first-second connecting rod piston assembly is matched with the first-second cylinder assembly, and the first-third connecting rod piston assembly is matched with the first-third cylinder assembly; the transmission structure comprises a rotating wheel and a transmission belt, and the driving motor drives the rotation of the crankshaft through the transmission belt and the rotating wheel; the cooling component comprises a cooling driving motor, cooling fan blades and heat dissipation fins, the cooling driving motor drives the rotation of the cooling fan blades to cooperate with the heat dissipation fins to forcibly cool the cylinder assembly.

[0008] As the preferred scheme of the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the power supply subsystem further comprises a gas tank support, a shock absorbing washer, a mechanical pressure gauge, an electromagnetic one-way check valve I, a safety relief valve I, a lightning protection device, a protective shell, a gas outlet and a power supply subsystem control circuit board; the high-pressure gas tank I is fixed inside the protective shell through the gas tank support, and the shock absorbing washer is installed between the gas tank support and the high-pressure gas tank I; the mechanical pressure gauge is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank I for monitoring the pressure in the tank; the electromagnetic one-way check valve I is installed at the gas path node to prevent gas backflow; the safety relief valve I is used to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure gas tank I does not exceed the standard; the lightning protection device is connected to the power supply line to resist lightning surges; the power supply subsystem control circuit board integrates pressure regulation and motor drive modules for controlling the automatic operation of the power supply subsystem; the gas outlet is installed below the heat dissipation fins, one end of the gas outlet is connected with the high-pressure gas tank I through a high-strength flange, and the other end of the gas outlet is connected with the one-defense subsystem and the two-defense subsystem through high-pressure conveying hoses respectively to supply high-pressure gas source.

[0009] As the preferred scheme of the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the one-defense subsystem comprises a ring-shaped jet device main body and an electromagnetic one-way valve; the ring-shaped jet device main body is provided with a plurality of nozzles to jet high-pressure gas to form a ring-shaped gas curtain; the electromagnetic one-way valve is connected in series on the gas inlet manifold of the ring-shaped jet device main body, the electromagnetic one-way valve is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem, and the electromagnetic one-way valve is used to control the opening and closing of the gas path; the one-defense subsystem further comprises a nozzle protection net, a waterproof coating protection shell and a shock absorbing pad; the nozzle protection net is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to block foreign matters from entering; the waterproof coating protection shell wraps the ring-shaped jet device main body to cope with outdoor environment; the ring-shaped jet device main body is connected with the iron tower or the mounting support through the shock absorbing pad.

[0010] As the preferred scheme of the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the secondary defense subsystem comprises a power supply terminal box, an electronic pressure gauge II, a sighting indicator lamp, a high-precision radar sensor, an infrared thermal imager, a night vision device, an infrared sighting device, an air flow output pipe, a high-pressure gas storage tank II, a safety pressure relief valve II, an air inlet, a stepping motor I, a rotating support, a stepping motor II, a manual knob, a micro stepping motor, a rotating base, a turret base, a solenoid valve, a target tracking processor, an automatic calibration module and a weather monitoring module; the turret base is rigidly fixed by foundation bolts, the rotating base is installed on the turret base through bearings, the micro stepping motor is connected with the driving gear set of the rotating base to drive the rotating base to realize 360° horizontal rotation; the stepping motor I and the stepping motor II are connected with the rear trunnions of the air flow output pipe through the rotating support to form a pitch adjusting mechanism of the aiming driving component; the manual knob is installed on the side of the turret base for emergency manual adjustment of the aiming angle; the high-precision radar sensor, the infrared thermal imager, the night vision device, the infrared sighting device and the target tracking processor form a target detection component, the high-precision radar sensor, the infrared thermal imager and the night vision device are used for cooperative detection of rain and snow targets that break through the ring-shaped air curtain, the infrared sighting device assists aiming, and the target tracking processor processes sensor data and calculates aiming parameters; the high-pressure gas storage tank II receives high-pressure gas delivered by the power supply subsystem through the air inlet, the safety pressure relief valve II is installed on the side of the high-pressure gas storage tank II to ensure that the pressure in the tank does not exceed the standard, and the electronic pressure gauge II is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank II to monitor the pressure in the tank in real time; the air flow output pipe is a high-pressure air flow launching terminal, the tail of the air flow output pipe is connected with the gas outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank II through a high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem to control the launching time and duration of the high-pressure air flow; the sighting indicator lamp is installed beside the air flow output pipe to display the system aiming readiness state; the power supply terminal box is installed on the high-pressure gas storage tank II to provide stable power supply for the secondary defense subsystem; the automatic calibration module is used to calibrate the zero position of the aiming system in real time, and the weather monitoring module is used to collect environmental parameters and provide correction basis for aiming.

[0011] As the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the secondary defense system further comprises a shake-proof stable support, a shock-absorbing gasket, a piston, a spring, an electromagnetic one-way check valve II, a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring and a circular shock-absorbing pad; the piston is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas tank II, and divides the inner cavity into a front cavity connected with the gas flow output pipe and a rear cavity for gas storage; the spring is in a compressed state and tightly presses between the piston and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas tank II; the piston and the spring jointly form an energy storage and release firing structure of the high-pressure gas tank II; the electromagnetic one-way check valve II is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe between the high-pressure gas tank II and the gas flow output pipe, and is used for preventing high-pressure gas backflow during firing; the waterproof and dustproof sealing ring is installed at the connection part of the gas flow output pipe and the high-pressure metal hard pipe; the shake-proof stable support is connected between the stepping motor II and the micro stepping motor; the shock-absorbing gasket is arranged at the contact part of the shake-proof stable support and the stepping motor II, and is also arranged at the contact part of the stepping motor I and the rotating support; and the circular shock-absorbing pad is installed between the bottom of the turret base and the installation platform to absorb the impact of the recoil force after firing.

[0012] As the preferred scheme of the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the intelligent control subsystem comprises a master control PLC unit, a multi-protocol communication gateway, an environmental sensor array, an HMI touch screen, a data storage and recording instrument, an intelligent power management module, an audible and visual alarm and a remote monitoring interface; the environmental sensor array cooperates with the weather monitoring module of the secondary defense subsystem to collect the environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and set point real-time image data of the power transmission line corridor; the multi-protocol communication gateway communicates with the environmental sensor array, the weather monitoring module and the master control PLC unit respectively, and transmits the collected environmental data to the master control PLC unit; the master control PLC unit is electrically connected with the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem, the electromagnetic one-way valve of the primary defense subsystem, the micro stepping motor, the stepping motor I, the stepping motor II, the electromagnetic valve, the target tracking processor and the automatic calibration module of the secondary defense subsystem respectively, and is used for analyzing environmental data, evaluating target threat level and issuing control instructions of the corresponding subsystem; the HMI touch screen and the remote monitoring interface are electrically connected with the master control PLC unit respectively, the HMI touch screen is used for displaying system running state and sending early warning information to monitoring personnel, and the remote monitoring interface is used for transmitting early warning information to the remote monitoring end and supporting remote operation; the data storage and recording instrument is electrically connected with the master control PLC unit, and is used for recording system running data and environmental data; the intelligent power management module is used for distributing power supply of the corresponding subsystem; the audible and visual alarm is electrically connected with the master control PLC unit, and is used for cooperating with the HMI touch screen to issue ice-coating risk audible and visual early warning.

[0013] As the preferred scheme of the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator, the photovoltaic power supply subsystem comprises a photovoltaic panel array, a solar controller and a battery pack; the photovoltaic panel array charges the battery pack through the solar controller; the battery pack supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller; the photovoltaic power supply subsystem further comprises a power supply monitoring module, and the power supply monitoring module is used for monitoring the power supply state.

[0014] The application further provides a double defense method of a power transmission line insulator, which is applied to the double defense system of the power transmission line insulator and comprises the following steps.

[0015] S1: The intelligent control subsystem collects environmental data of the power transmission line corridor in real time through the environmental sensor array, and the environmental data at least comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction;

[0016] S2: The main control PLC unit of the intelligent control subsystem analyzes the environmental data, and if it identifies that the icing early warning condition is met, it sends an early warning message; if the icing high risk threshold is reached, the power supply subsystem is instructed to start the air compressor set, and the high-pressure gas storage tank I and the high-pressure gas storage tank II are pressurized to the predetermined pressure;

[0017] S3: When rainfall or snowfall is monitored, the intelligent control subsystem instructs the electromagnetic one-way valve of a defense-in-depth subsystem to open, and the annular jet device main body sprays high-pressure gas to form an annular gas curtain;

[0018] S4: The secondary defense subsystem monitors the rain and snow that breaks through the annular gas curtain through the target detection component, the target tracking processor calculates the aiming parameters, the intelligent control subsystem instructs the aiming drive component to adjust the angle of the gas flow output pipe, and controls the electromagnetic valve to open, and emits high-speed airflow to remove the rain and snow; S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem synchronously collects the insulator surface parameters until the preset defense cycle end condition is reached.

[0019] As an optimal solution of the double defense method for the power transmission line insulator, in step S2, the early warning message is sent to the monitoring personnel through the HMI touch screen and the remote monitoring interface; the main control PLC unit determines whether the icing high risk threshold is reached through a mathematical model formula, and the mathematical model formula is:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, is the icing risk coefficient, is the environmental temperature, is the environmental relative humidity, is the environmental wind speed, , , are the weight coefficients of the temperature, humidity and wind speed respectively, and , , when , it is determined that the icing high risk threshold is reached, is the preset icing high risk threshold.

[0022] As an optimal solution of the double defense method for the power transmission line insulator, in step S4, the automatic calibration module of the secondary defense subsystem calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the weather monitoring module provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit prioritizes high-threat targets for removal operation according to the threat level of the rain and snow targets, and the target tracking processor calculates the aiming angle parameters through a mathematical model formula, and the aiming angle calculation formula is:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, is the pitch angle of the airflow output pipe, is the target height, is the height of the airflow output pipe, is the target horizontal distance, is the wind speed correction coefficient.

[0025] The present application has the following advantages: a double defense mechanism of active isolation and precise removal is constructed, a primary defense subsystem forms a ring-shaped air curtain to block rain and snow from attaching from the source, and a secondary defense subsystem precisely removes the targets that break through the air curtain, thereby greatly reducing the risk of icing and pollution flashover of insulators, avoiding power grid cascading failures, and improving the reliability of power grid operation in extreme rain and snow weather. The power supply subsystem adopts a multi-stage compression process, which cooperates with cooling components to realize efficient and stable gas supply, reduces component wear caused by temperature rise in single-stage compression, and guarantees continuous output of high-pressure gas sources, thereby providing reliable power support for the double defense. The intelligent control subsystem combines environmental sensors and weather monitoring modules to realize 7x24-hour environmental monitoring, can provide early warning of icing risk and start the defense as needed, avoids invalid energy consumption, and balances the protection effect and energy saving needs. The integrated photovoltaic power supply subsystem realizes auxiliary power supply through a photovoltaic panel array and a battery pack, improves the energy self-sufficiency rate of the system, adapts to outdoor power line scenes without city power, reduces dependence on traditional power supply, and enhances the flexibility of system deployment. The subsystems operate independently and cooperatively, the structural design includes lightning protection, shock absorption, waterproof and dustproof protection components, and is suitable for outdoor harsh environments to prolong the service life of the equipment; meanwhile, manual adjustment components are provided to cope with emergency scenarios, thereby improving the overall reliability and applicability of the system. Compared with traditional anti-icing technology, the present system has fast response speed and low energy consumption, can complete the full-automatic defense process without manual intervention, reduces operation and maintenance costs and operation risks, and effectively solves the problem of insufficient protection of traditional technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other embodiments according to the provided drawings without creating any inventive labor.

[0027] Figure 1 is the overall architecture diagram of the double defense system for the insulator of the power transmission line provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the power supply subsystem of the double defense system for the insulator of the power transmission line provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage cylinder assembly and a three-stage cylinder assembly of a power supply subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application, (a) is a two-stage cylinder assembly, and (b) is a three-stage cylinder assembly;

[0030] Figure 4 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a protective shell, a heat dissipation fin, and an air outlet of a power supply subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary defense subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a secondary defense subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage release firing structure of a high-pressure gas storage tank II of a secondary defense subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control subsystem architecture of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 9 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power supply subsystem of a double defense system for a power transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] In the figure, 1, power supply subsystem; 2, first defense subsystem; 3, second defense subsystem; 4, intelligent control subsystem; 5, photovoltaic power supply subsystem; 101, high-pressure gas storage tank I; 102, gas storage tank support; 103, shock-absorbing washer; 104, mechanical pressure gauge; 105, electromagnetic one-way valve I; 106, safety pressure relief valve I; 107, cooling drive motor; 108, cooling fan blade; 109, one-two stage connecting rod piston assembly; 110, one-two stage cylinder assembly; 111, one-three stage connecting rod piston assembly; 112, one-three stage cylinder assembly; 113, crankshaft; 114, crankcase; 115, rotating wheel; 116, conveyor belt; 117, drive motor; 118, lightning protection device; 119, high-pressure conveying hose; 120, protective shell; 121, heat dissipation fin; 122, gas outlet; 201, annular jet device main body; 202, nozzle protection net; 203, waterproof coating protective shell; 204, shock-absorbing pad; 205, electromagnetic one-way valve; 301, power supply junction box; 302, electronic pressure gauge II; 303, aiming indicator light; 304, high-precision radar sensor; 305, infrared thermal imager; 306, night vision device; 307, infrared aiming device; 308, air flow output pipe; 309, high-pressure gas storage tank II; 310, safety pressure relief valve II; 311, air inlet; 312, stepping motor I; 313, rotating support; 314, stepping motor II; 315, anti-shake stabilizing support; 316, shock-absorbing gasket; 317, manual knob; 318, miniature stepping motor; 319, rotating base; 320, turret base; 321, piston; 322, spring; 323, electromagnetic valve; 324, waterproof and dustproof sealing ring; 325, electromagnetic one-way valve II; 326, circular shock-absorbing pad; 327, target tracking processor; 328, automatic calibration module; 329, weather monitoring module; 401, main control PLC unit; 402, multi-protocol communication gateway; 403, environmental sensor array; 404, HMI touch screen; 405, data storage and recording device; 406, intelligent power management module; 407, audible and visual alarm; 408, remote monitoring interface; 501, photovoltaic panel array; 502, solar controller; 503, battery pack; 504, power supply monitoring module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application is described and explained more fully with reference to the following detailed description. As will be readily understood, the application is not limited to the embodiments described, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other embodiments can be made and implemented without departing from the scope of the application. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments of the application can be practiced without departing from the scope of the application.

[0038] Reference Figure 1The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of transmission line insulator double defense system, including power supply subsystem 1, a defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3, intelligent control subsystem 4 and photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5;Power supply subsystem 1 is used to generate, store and transport high-pressure gas, a defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3 are communicated with power supply subsystem 1 respectively to obtain high-pressure gas source by high-pressure delivery hose 119;A defense subsystem 2 is arranged around transmission line insulator, and a defense subsystem 2 is used to form annular air curtain to block rain and snow from adhering to the surface of insulator;Secondary defense subsystem 3 is used to detect and remove rain and snow that break through annular air curtain;Photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 is used to provide power for the whole defense system;Power supply subsystem 1, a defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3, photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 are electrically connected with intelligent control subsystem 4, and intelligent control subsystem 4 is used to coordinate the start, operation and parameter adjustment of power supply subsystem 1, a defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3 and photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5.

[0039] Specifically, high-pressure delivery hose 119 is connected as a connecting structure, one end is connected to the high-pressure gas source output end of power supply subsystem 1, and the other end is connected to the gas inlet end of a defense subsystem 2 and secondary defense subsystem 3 respectively, to ensure that high-pressure gas can be stably delivered to the defense execution component, providing a power basis for double defense. Intelligent control subsystem 4 is electrically connected to the control modules of the other four subsystems through wires, can receive real-time operation state signals of each subsystem, and can issue start-stop, parameter adjustment and other control instructions to realize full-process collaborative control. Photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 covers all subsystems through power supply lines, solves the problem of no fixed mains supply in outdoor transmission line, and ensures uninterrupted operation of the system all day round.

[0040] Among them, the annular frame of a defense subsystem 2 can fit the shape of the insulator, and form a 360° annular air curtain with no dead angle through the nozzles distributed in the circumference, to block rain and snow from the periphery of the insulator, cutting off the contact path of rain and snow with the surface of the insulator from the source; Secondary defense subsystem 3 has an adjustable angle mechanical structure, which can flexibly track the rain and snow target that breaks through the air curtain, and realize accurate removal through directional high-pressure airflow, and the two form double protection of active interception and accurate supplementary defense. Intelligent control subsystem 4 dynamically adjusts the gas supply pressure of power supply subsystem 1, the air curtain opening time of a defense subsystem 2 and the airflow emission frequency of secondary defense subsystem 3 according to the data of rain and snow intensity, temperature, humidity and other data collected by environmental sensors, to avoid invalid power consumption, while ensuring the best protection effect under different severe weather conditions, and finally preventing power grid failure caused by icing and pollution flashover of insulator.

[0041] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 And Figure 4In this embodiment, the power supply subsystem 1 includes a high-pressure air storage tank I 101, a drive motor 117, a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston 321 assembly, a crankshaft 113, and a cooling component. The drive motor 117 is connected to the crankshaft 113 via a transmission structure to drive the crankshaft 113 to rotate. The crankshaft 113 is linked with the connecting rod piston 321 assembly, driving the connecting rod piston 321 assembly to reciprocate within the cylinder assembly to achieve air compression. The high-pressure air storage tank I 101 is used to store the compressed high-pressure gas. The cooling component is used to cool the cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly includes a first-stage cylinder assembly 110 and a first-stage cylinder assembly 112, and a connecting rod piston 321 assembly. The assembly includes a first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly 109 and a first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly 111; the first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly 109 is adapted to the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110, and the first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly 111 is adapted to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly 112; the transmission structure includes a rotary wheel 115 and a conveyor belt 116, and the drive motor 117 drives the crankshaft 113 to rotate through the conveyor belt 116 and the rotary wheel 115; the cooling components include a cooling drive motor 107, a cooling fan blade 108 and a heat sink 121, and the cooling drive motor 107 drives the cooling fan blade 108 to rotate in conjunction with the heat sink 121 to provide forced air cooling for the cylinder assembly.

[0042] Specifically, in the transmission structure, the roller 115 cooperates with the conveyor belt 116 to transmit the power of the drive motor 117 to the crankshaft 113. The anti-slip design on the surface of the roller 115 prevents the conveyor belt 116 from slipping, ensuring power transmission efficiency, while the flexible connection characteristics of the conveyor belt 116 can buffer the instantaneous impact force when the motor starts, protecting components such as the crankshaft 113. As the core of power conversion, the crankshaft 113, through its own eccentric structure, converts the rotational motion output by the drive motor 117 into the linear reciprocating motion of the connecting rod piston 321 assembly, providing power for air compression.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown in parts (a) and (b), the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110 first performs preliminary compression on atmospheric pressure air, raising the gas pressure to a certain level. Then, the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110 delivers the gas to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly 112 for secondary compression, ultimately obtaining high-pressure gas. This staged compression structure avoids excessively high temperatures inside the cylinder during single-stage compression, effectively reducing cylinder wall wear, seal aging, and other problems, thus extending the overall service life. Meanwhile, the compatibility structure between the connecting rod piston 321 assembly and the cylinder assembly is crucial. The sealing ring on the outer circumference of the piston 321 fits tightly against the cylinder wall, ensuring airtightness during compression and preventing gas leakage from affecting compression efficiency. The connecting rod is made of high-strength material, and its connecting structures at both ends precisely match the crankshaft 113 and piston 321, respectively, ensuring stable power transmission and smooth reciprocating motion.

[0044] The cooling component provides temperature guarantee for the compression process. The cooling driving motor 107 drives the cooling fan blade 108 to rotate, generating directional airflow to the cylinder assembly. The heat dissipation fins 121 closely adhere to the outer wall of the cylinder, increasing the contact area between the cylinder and the air, quickly conducting the heat generated during the compression of the cylinder to the outside, and taking away the heat through the airflow, so that the cylinder always maintains a stable working temperature range, avoiding high temperature leading to lubricating oil failure and component damage, and ensuring that the high-pressure gas tank 101 can continuously store sufficient and qualified high-pressure gas to provide stable power for the defense action.

[0045] In the embodiment, the power supply subsystem 1 further includes a gas tank support 102, a shock absorbing washer 103, a mechanical pressure gauge 104, an electromagnetic one-way check valve 105, a safety relief valve 106, a lightning protection device 118, a protective shell 120, a gas outlet 122, and a power supply subsystem control circuit board. The high-pressure gas tank 101 is fixed inside the protective shell 120 through the gas tank support 102, and the shock absorbing washer 103 is installed between the gas tank support 102 and the high-pressure gas tank 101. The mechanical pressure gauge 104 is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank 101 for monitoring the pressure in the tank. The electromagnetic one-way check valve 105 is installed at the gas path node to prevent gas backflow. The safety relief valve 106 is used to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure gas tank 101 does not exceed the standard. The lightning protection device 118 is connected to the power supply line to resist lightning surges. The power supply subsystem control circuit board integrates pressure regulation and motor driving modules for controlling the automatic operation of the power supply subsystem 1. The gas outlet 122 is installed below the heat dissipation fins 121, one end of the gas outlet 122 is connected to the high-pressure gas tank 101 through a high-strength flange, and the other end of the gas outlet 122 is connected to a heavy defense subsystem 2 and a secondary defense subsystem 3 through a high-pressure conveying hose 119, respectively, to supply high-pressure gas source.

[0046] Specifically, in terms of stability guarantee, the gas tank support 102 is fixed inside the protective shell 120 by welding or bolts, and its shape closely adheres to the outer wall of the high-pressure gas tank 101, firmly fixing the gas tank and preventing outdoor wind and vibration from causing displacement of the gas tank. The shock absorbing washer 103 between the gas tank support 102 and the gas tank is made of elastic material, which can effectively absorb the vibration generated during the operation of the driving motor 117 and the crankshaft 113, avoiding long-term vibration from causing the gas tank weld to crack, and also reducing operating noise and reducing the impact on the surrounding environment. The protective shell 120 serves as an outer protective structure, which can isolate outdoor rainwater, dust, and debris, preventing internal precision components from being eroded and prolonging the service life.

[0047] The mechanical pressure gauge 104 is directly installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank 101, can reflect the pressure change in the tank in real time, and facilitates the operator to intuitively master the gas source state; the electromagnetic one-way check valve 105 is installed at the key node of the gas circuit, the one-way conduction structure in the electromagnetic one-way check valve 105 can prevent the compressed high-pressure gas from flowing back to the cylinder assembly, and avoid the backflow gas from impacting the compressor, causing the crankshaft 113 to reverse and the components to be damaged; the safety relief valve 106 is the pressure safety defense line, when the pressure in the tank exceeds the preset safety value, the valve will automatically open to release pressure, and automatically close when the pressure drops to the safety range, to prevent safety accidents caused by overpressure of the gas tank; the lightning protection device 118 is connected to the power supply line, can quickly discharge the surge current when lightning strikes, and protects the driving motor 117, control circuit board and other electrical components from lightning damage, and is suitable for the environmental characteristics of outdoor power transmission lines with multiple lightning strikes. The automatic control function is realized by the power supply subsystem control circuit board, the integrated pressure regulating module of which can receive the pressure signal transmitted by the mechanical pressure gauge 104, automatically start the driving motor 117 to supplement the gas when the pressure in the tank is lower than the preset value, and stop the operation of the control motor when the pressure reaches the set value, to realize automatic pressure maintenance; the motor driving module can adjust the speed of the driving motor 117 and the cooling driving motor 107 according to the control instruction, to ensure that the compression efficiency and the cooling effect are matched. At the same time, the control circuit board can also interact with the intelligent control subsystem 4, receive the start-stop instruction of the overall system, realize the collaborative operation with other subsystems, and reduce the need for manual intervention.

[0048] Referring to Figure 5 In the embodiment, the one-reinforcement subsystem 2 includes a ring-shaped air jet device body 201 and an electromagnetic one-way valve 205; the ring-shaped air jet device body 201 is provided with a plurality of nozzles to jet high-pressure gas to form a ring-shaped air curtain; the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is connected in series on the air inlet pipe of the ring-shaped air jet device body 201, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem 4, and the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is used to control the opening and closing of the gas circuit; the one-reinforcement subsystem 2 further includes a nozzle protection net 202, a waterproof coating protection shell 203 and a shock-absorbing pad 204; the nozzle protection net 202 is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to block foreign matters from entering; the waterproof coating protection shell 203 wraps the ring-shaped air jet device body 201 to cope with the outdoor environment; the ring-shaped air jet device body 201 is connected with a tower or a mounting support through the shock-absorbing pad 204.

[0049] Specifically, the annular jet device main body 201 is an execution component, the inner diameter of its annular frame matches the outer diameter of the insulator, and it can be arranged around the insulator; the nozzles opened on the circumference of the main body according to a certain rule can ensure that the high-pressure gas sprayed forms a continuous and uniform annular gas curtain around the insulator. When the high-pressure gas is sprayed from the nozzle, a high-speed airflow is formed, which can not only block the horizontal rain and snow, but also blow away a small amount of water droplets that may be left on the surface of the insulator, destroy the attachment conditions of rain and snow on the surface of the insulator, and reduce the risk of icing and pollution flash from the source.

[0050] Among them, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 as a gas path control component is connected in series on the air inlet manifold of the annular jet device main body 201, and is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem 4, which can quickly respond to the control instruction: when the intelligent control subsystem 4 identifies the rain and snow weather, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is powered on to open, and the high-pressure gas enters the annular jet device main body 201 to form a gas curtain; when the weather improves or there is no need for defense, the valve is powered off to close, cutting off the gas path to avoid waste of high-pressure gas. The nozzle protection net 202 is installed at the outlet of each nozzle, which can block leaves, insects, dust and other sundries from entering the nozzle, prevent the nozzle from being blocked to cause the gas curtain to break, and ensure the integrity of the gas curtain; the waterproof coating protective shell 203 wraps the annular jet device main body 201, and the waterproof coating on its surface can isolate rainwater and dew, prevent the main body metal component from rusting, and also resist ultraviolet radiation to delay component aging; the shock pad 204 is installed between the annular jet device main body 201 and the iron tower or the mounting bracket, which is made of elastic material and can isolate the vibration of the iron tower caused by wind force and line dancing, prevent the vibration from causing the nozzle position to deviate, ensure the stability of the gas curtain shape, and ensure the continuous and reliable protection effect.

[0051] Referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7In the embodiment, the secondary defense subsystem 3 comprises a power junction box 301, an electronic pressure gauge II 302, a sighting indicator light 303, a high-precision radar sensor 304, an infrared thermal imager 305, a night vision device 306, an infrared sight 307, an airflow output pipe 308, a high-pressure gas tank II 309, a safety relief valve II 310, an air inlet 311, a stepping motor I 312, a rotating support 313, a stepping motor II 314, a manual knob 317, a micro stepping motor 318, a rotating base 319, a turret base 320, a solenoid valve 323, a target tracking processor 327, an automatic calibration module 328, and a weather monitoring module 329; the turret base 320 is rigidly fixed by foundation bolts, the rotating base 319 is installed on the turret base 320 through bearings, and the micro stepping motor 318 is connected with a driving gear set of the rotating base 319 to drive the rotating base 319 to realize 360° horizontal rotation; the stepping motor I 312 and the stepping motor II 314 are connected with rear trunnions of the airflow output pipe 308 through the rotating support 313 to form a pitch adjusting mechanism of a sighting driving component; the manual knob 317 is installed on a side of the turret base 320 and is used for emergency manual adjustment of a sighting angle; the high-precision radar sensor 304, the infrared thermal imager 305, the night vision device 306, the infrared sight 307, and the target tracking processor 327 form a target detection component, the high-precision radar sensor 304, the infrared thermal imager 305, and the night vision device 306 are used for cooperative detection of a rain and snow target breaking through the annular air curtain, the infrared sight 307 assists in aiming, and the target tracking processor 327 processes sensor data and solves aiming parameters; the high-pressure gas tank II 309 receives high-pressure gas delivered by the power supply subsystem 1 through the air inlet 311, the safety relief valve II 310 is installed on a side of the high-pressure gas tank II 309 to ensure that the pressure in the tank does not exceed a standard, and the electronic pressure gauge II 302 is installed at an interface of the high-pressure gas tank II 309 to monitor the pressure in the tank in real time; the airflow output pipe 308 is a high-pressure airflow launching terminal, a tail of the airflow output pipe 308 is communicated with a gas outlet 122 of the high-pressure gas tank II 309 through a high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve 323 is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve 323 is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem 4, and is used for controlling a launching time and a duration of the high-pressure airflow; the sighting indicator light 303 is installed beside the airflow output pipe 308 and is used for displaying a system sighting ready state; the power junction box 301 is installed on the high-pressure gas tank II 309 to provide stable power supply for the secondary defense subsystem 3; the automatic calibration module 328 is used for real-time calibration of a zero position of a sighting system, and the weather monitoring module 329 is used for collecting environmental parameters and providing a correction basis for aiming.

[0052] Specifically, in the target detection link, the detection component adopts a multi-sensor fusion structure. The high-precision radar sensor 304 can remotely detect the position and moving track of the rain and snow targets and is not affected by the visibility. The infrared thermal imager 305 can accurately identify the target contour by capturing the temperature difference between the rain and snow and the air. The night vision instrument 306 can clearly capture the target in the night or low-light environment. The three components complement each other to ensure all-weather and all-direction target detection coverage. The data collected by these sensors are transmitted to the target tracking processor 327 through wires. After the processor fuses and analyzes the data, the aiming angle parameters that need to be adjusted for the airflow output pipe 308 are calculated. The infrared aiming device 307 assists the operator in confirming the target position through the optical structure to further improve the aiming accuracy.

[0053] The tower base 320 is rigidly fixed to the tower platform through foundation bolts to provide a stable foundation for the entire aiming system. The rotating base 319 is connected to the tower base 320 through bearings with small friction resistance. The micro stepping motor 318 drives the rotating base 319 to rotate through the driving gear set to realize 360° horizontal rotation of the airflow output pipe 308, covering all possible target directions. The step motor I 312 and the step motor II are connected to the trunnion at the rear of the airflow output pipe 308 through the rotating bracket 313. The rotating structure of the trunnion can drive the airflow output pipe 308 to realize pitch angle adjustment. The driving mode of the double step motors can eliminate the reverse clearance to ensure the accuracy of angle adjustment, so that the airflow output pipe 308 can quickly and accurately aim at the target.

[0054] The high-pressure gas tank II 309 receives the high-pressure gas delivered by the power supply subsystem 1 through the gas inlet 311 to serve as the power reserve for immediate attack. The electronic pressure gauge II 302 monitors the pressure in the tank in real time to ensure that the pressure meets the launch requirements. The safety relief valve II 310 ensures that the pressure in the tank does not exceed the standard to avoid safety accidents. The solenoid valve 323 is connected in series on the high-pressure metal pipe and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem 4. It can quickly respond to control instructions and accurately control the timing and duration of airflow launch to ensure accurate attack and no waste of gas. The airflow output pipe 308 serves as the launch terminal of high-pressure airflow. The internal flow channel structure can form a high-speed directional airflow to effectively crush the rain and snow targets. In addition, the automatic calibration module 328 detects the zero offset of the aiming system caused by vibration and temperature changes in real time through the internal attitude sensing structure and automatically corrects it to ensure aiming accuracy. The weather monitoring module 329 collects environmental parameters such as wind speed and humidity to provide correction basis for the target tracking processor 327 to offset the influence of environmental factors on aiming. The power connection box 301 provides stable power supply for all electrical components. The manual knob 317 serves as an emergency backup structure. In the event of a failure of the automated system, the aiming angle can be manually adjusted through mechanical transmission to improve system reliability.

[0055] In this embodiment, the secondary defense subsystem 3 further comprises a shake-proof stabilizing support 315, a shock-absorbing pad 316, a piston 321, a spring 322, an electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325, a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324, and a circular shock-absorbing pad 326; the piston 321 is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas tank II 309, dividing the inner cavity into a front cavity connected to the gas flow output pipe 308 and a rear cavity for storing gas, the spring 322 is in a compressed state and tightly presses between the piston 321 and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas tank II 309, and the piston 321 and the spring 322 together form an energy storage and release firing structure of the high-pressure gas tank II 309; the electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325 is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe between the high-pressure gas tank II 309 and the gas flow output pipe 308, and is used to prevent high-pressure gas backflow during firing; the waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324 is installed at the connection part of the gas flow output pipe 308 and the high-pressure metal hard pipe; the shake-proof stabilizing support 315 is connected between the step motor II 314 and the micro step motor 318; the shock-absorbing pad 316 is arranged at the contact part of the shake-proof stabilizing support 315 and the step motor II 314, and is also arranged at the contact part of the step motor I 312 and the rotating support 313; and the circular shock-absorbing pad 326 is installed between the bottom of the turret base 320 and the installation platform to absorb the recoil impact after firing.

[0056] Specifically, the piston 321 divides the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas tank II 309 into a front cavity and a rear cavity, the rear cavity is used for storing high-pressure gas, and the spring 322 is in a pre-compressed state and tightly presses the piston 321. During inflation, the high-pressure gas in the rear cavity pushes the piston 321 to move forward, further compressing the spring 322 to store elastic potential energy; during firing, the electromagnetic valve 323 is opened, the gas pressure in the rear cavity drops suddenly, the spring 322 releases the elastic potential energy, pushing the piston 321 to move forward quickly, extruding the gas in the front cavity, making the gas pressure in the front cavity rise instantly, forming a higher-speed gas flow that is sprayed out of the gas flow output pipe 308, greatly improving the impact on the snow target, and ensuring that the snow group with a larger volume can be effectively removed. The electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325 is connected in series on the gas path between the high-pressure gas tank II 309 and the gas flow output pipe 308, and the one-way conduction structure in it can prevent high-pressure gas backflow into the rear cavity of the gas tank during gas flow firing, avoiding the impact of backflow gas on the piston 321 and the spring 322, which may cause the spring 322 to deform or the piston 321 to lose sealing effect; the waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324 is installed at the connection part of the gas flow output pipe 308 and the high-pressure metal hard pipe, made of elastic sealing material, which can tightly fit the connection gap, preventing outdoor rainwater and dust from entering the gas path, avoiding gas path corrosion and blockage, and ensuring the smoothness of the gas path and the service life of the components.

[0057] The anti-vibration stabilizing bracket 315 adopts a high-strength frame structure, is connected with the micro stepping motor 318 and the stepping motor II 314, can inhibit the slight vibration generated when the motor operates, and avoids the transmission of the vibration to the airflow output pipe 308 to cause the aiming deviation; the shock absorbing pads 316 are made of elastic material, are arranged at the contact positions of the anti-vibration stabilizing bracket 315 and the stepping motor II 314, the stepping motor I 312 and the rotating bracket 313, can absorb the vibration energy generated when the motor operates and the angle is adjusted, further improves the stability of the aiming system, and ensures the accuracy of the aiming angle; the circular shock absorbing pad 326 is installed between the bottom of the turret base 320 and the installation platform, has good buffering performance, can quickly absorb the impact force when the airflow is launched to generate the recoil force, avoids the transmission of the recoil force to the iron tower to cause the damage of the iron tower structure, simultaneously prevents the recoil force from causing the displacement of the aiming system, and protects the accuracy of the next aiming.

[0058] Referring to Figure 8 In the embodiment, the intelligent control subsystem 4 includes a main control PLC unit 401, a multi-protocol communication gateway 402, an environmental sensor array 403, an HMI touch screen 404, a data storage and recording instrument 405, an intelligent power management module 406, an audible and visual alarm 407 and a remote monitoring interface 408; the environmental sensor array 403 cooperates with the weather monitoring module 329 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 to collect the environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and set point real-time image data of the power transmission line corridor; the multi-protocol communication gateway 402 respectively communicates with the environmental sensor array 403, the weather monitoring module 329 and the main control PLC unit 401, and transmits the collected environmental data to the main control PLC unit 401; the main control PLC unit 401 is electrically connected with the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem 1, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 of the primary defense subsystem 2, the micro stepping motor 318, the stepping motor I 312, the stepping motor II 314, the electromagnetic valve 323, the target tracking processor 327 and the automatic calibration module 328 of the secondary defense subsystem 3, and is used for analyzing the environmental data, evaluating the target threat level and issuing the control instructions of the corresponding subsystem; the HMI touch screen 404 and the remote monitoring interface 408 are electrically connected with the main control PLC unit 401, the HMI touch screen 404 is used for displaying the system running state and sending the early warning information to the monitoring personnel, and the remote monitoring interface 408 is used for transmitting the early warning information to the remote monitoring end and supporting the remote operation; the data storage and recording instrument 405 is electrically connected with the main control PLC unit 401, and is used for recording the system running data and the environmental data; the intelligent power management module 406 is used for distributing the power supply of the corresponding subsystem; the audible and visual alarm 407 is electrically connected with the main control PLC unit 401, and is used for cooperating with the HMI touch screen 404 to issue the ice coating risk audible and visual early warning.

[0059] Specifically, in the data acquisition link, the environmental sensor array 403 is composed of multiple different types of sensors, respectively installed at key positions around the insulator, which can synchronously collect environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and real-time image data around the insulator, and comprehensively grasp the environmental changes and target conditions; the weather monitoring module 329 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 supplements the collection of fine parameters of the local environment, and the data of the two is transmitted to the multi-protocol communication gateway 402 through wires. The multi-protocol communication gateway 402 supports multiple communication protocols, can aggregate and format-convert the dispersed data of different sensors, and then uniformly transmit them to the main control PLC unit 401, ensuring the compatibility and real-time performance of data transmission, and providing a complete data basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0060] Among them, the analysis and decision-making link is dominated by the main control PLC unit 401, and the operation module integrated in it can preprocess the received environmental data, filter noise and correct errors, and then calculate the environmental risk level through the preset algorithm model. When it is determined that there is an icing early warning risk, the PLC unit will trigger the early warning process; when the risk level reaches a high threshold, it will automatically start the defense process, and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of each subsystem according to the intensity of rain and snow and environmental parameters. For example, when the intensity of rain and snow is high, the command power supply subsystem 1 increases the gas supply pressure, the primary defense subsystem 2 prolongs the gas curtain opening time, and the secondary defense subsystem 3 increases the airflow emission frequency, realizing "on-demand defense". At the same time, the PLC unit also receives the operating state data of each subsystem through the feedback signal interface, ensuring the accurate execution of the command.

[0061] In the command execution link, the PLC unit establishes a connection with the control components of each subsystem through digital output interface and analog output interface: sends "start / stop" and "pressure regulation" commands to the power supply subsystem control circuit board to control the high-pressure gas source supply; sends "on / off" commands to the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 of the primary defense subsystem 2 to control the gas curtain start-stop; sends pulse commands to the micro stepping motor 318 and stepping motor driver of the secondary defense subsystem 3 to control the aiming angle adjustment, sends "on / off" commands to the electromagnetic valve 323 to control the airflow emission, and sends "calibration" commands to the automatic calibration module 328 to ensure the aiming accuracy.

[0062] The interactive feedback link, the HMI touch screen 404 is connected with the PLC unit through wires, can display the running parameters, environmental data and early warning information of each subsystem in real time, support the operation personnel to set parameters, manual intervention control through touch operation; the remote monitoring interface 408 is connected with the power grid monitoring center through network, can transmit early warning information and running data in real time, support remote start-stop system, modify control parameters, realize remote management and control in the scene of unattended; the data storage and recorder 405 can automatically record system running data and environmental data, facilitate subsequent operation and maintenance analysis, fault tracing; the intelligent power management module 406 is connected with the photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 and the power components of each subsystem through wires, can reasonably distribute power according to the power demand of each component, at the same time, has overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage protection function, ensures the stability and safety of power supply; when the early warning is triggered, the audible and visual alarm 407 will emit high decibel sound and flashing light, cooperate with the HMI touch screen 404 to realize early warning, remind the on-site or remote personnel to pay attention to the system state in time.

[0063] Referring to Figure 9 In the embodiment, the photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 includes a photovoltaic panel array 501, a solar controller 502 and a battery pack 503; the photovoltaic panel array 501 charges the battery pack 503 through the solar controller 502; the battery pack 503 supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller 502; the photovoltaic power supply subsystem 5 further includes a power supply monitoring module 504, which is used for monitoring the power supply state.

[0064] Specifically, the photovoltaic panel array 501 is composed of multiple photovoltaic panels, the light-sensing surface of the photovoltaic panel can absorb solar radiation energy, and convert the light energy into electrical energy through the internal photoelectric conversion structure. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel array 501 will be optimized according to the latitude of the deployment site, to ensure that the light-sensing surface can receive the maximum degree of solar radiation and improve the power generation efficiency; multiple photovoltaic panels are combined in series and parallel, which can adjust the output voltage and current to meet the subsequent charging and power supply requirements.

[0065] The maximum power point tracking module inside the solar controller 502 can track the output power change of the photovoltaic panel array 501 in real time, always make the photovoltaic panel work in the maximum power output state, and improve the charging efficiency; at the same time, the solar controller 502 charges the battery pack 503 through the three-stage charging mode (constant current charging, constant voltage charging and floating charging): in the initial charging stage, constant current charging is adopted to quickly increase the battery capacity; when the capacity reaches a certain degree, constant voltage charging is switched to prevent overcharging of the battery; when the capacity is full, the floating charging mode is entered to maintain the full battery state and avoid overcharging damage. The battery pack 503 as an energy storage component can store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel array 501, and supply power to each subsystem at night or in insufficient light to ensure uninterrupted operation of the system all day long; the capacity of the battery pack 503 is designed according to the total power consumption and the demand for continuous rainy weather to ensure the stability of power supply in extreme weather.

[0066] The power supply monitoring module 504 monitors the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel array 501, the voltage and remaining capacity of the battery pack 503, and the power supply voltage and current of each subsystem through voltage sensors and current sensors in real time, and transmits the monitoring data to the intelligent control subsystem 4. When an abnormal situation is monitored, the intelligent control subsystem 4 will timely issue a warning and adjust the power supply strategy according to the situation to ensure the normal operation of the key functions of the system.

[0067] The embodiment of the application also provides a power transmission line insulator double defense method applied to the power transmission line insulator double defense system of the above embodiment, which comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1: The intelligent control subsystem 4 collects the environmental data of the power transmission line corridor in real time through the environmental sensor array 403, and the environmental data at least includes temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction;

[0069] Specifically, in the environmental sensor array 403, the temperature sensor converts the temperature signal into an electric signal through a thermosensitive element; the humidity sensor obtains the relative humidity data through the resistance / capacitance change of a hygroscopic material; and the wind speed and wind direction sensor realizes the accurate collection of wind speed and wind direction by driving a mechanical structure to rotate or generating a pressure difference through airflow. These sensors continuously collect data at a preset frequency to ensure real-time capture of environmental changes in the power transmission line corridor. Temperature directly affects whether rain and snow freeze into ice, humidity determines the rain and snow adhesion capacity, and wind speed and wind direction affect the rain and snow movement track. These data jointly constitute the basis for subsequent risk judgment and defense decision, avoiding defense lag or misjudgment due to data loss.

[0070] S2: The main control PLC unit 401 of the intelligent control subsystem 4 analyzes the environmental data, and if it identifies that the icing early warning condition is met, it sends an early warning message; if it reaches the icing high-risk threshold, it instructs the power supply subsystem 1 to start the air compressor set, pressurizes the high-pressure gas storage tank I 101 and the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 to the predetermined pressure;

[0071] Specifically, after the main control PLC unit 401 receives the temperature, humidity, and wind speed data transmitted by the environmental sensor array 403, it first compares with the preset icing early warning condition. If it meets the condition, it triggers an early warning to ensure that personnel are aware of the risk in advance. When further analyzing whether the icing high-risk threshold is reached, the PLC unit processes the data through the built-in algorithm to provide decision basis for subsequent pressurization action. If it is determined that the high-risk threshold is reached, the PLC unit immediately sends a start instruction to the control circuit board of the power supply subsystem 1 to drive the air compressor set to run, pressurizing the high-pressure gas storage tank I 101 and II to the predetermined pressure. Early pressurization can avoid the delay of defense due to waiting for gas when rain and snow arrive, ensuring that the two-level defense subsystem has sufficient power at any time and quickly responds to subsequent defense needs.

[0072] S3: When monitoring rainfall or snowfall, the intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 of the one-level defense subsystem 2 to open, and the ring-shaped air jet device main body 201 sprays high-pressure gas to form a ring-shaped air curtain;

[0073] Specifically, after the intelligent control subsystem 4 confirms the occurrence of rainfall or snowfall through the environmental sensor array 403 or dedicated rain and snow sensors, it immediately sends a power-on instruction to the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 of the one-level defense subsystem 2. After the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is powered on, the internal valve core moves to open the gas passage, and the high-pressure gas stored in the power supply subsystem 1 enters the ring-shaped air jet device main body 201 through the air inlet manifold. The ring-shaped structure of the ring-shaped air jet device main body 201 and the circumferentially distributed nozzles allow the high-pressure gas to be uniformly sprayed, forming a continuous ring-shaped air curtain around the insulator. The air curtain blocks and sweeps the falling or horizontally approaching rain and snow, destroying the initial conditions of rain and snow adhesion, greatly reducing the risk of insulator icing, and reducing the interception pressure of the two-level defense subsystem 3.

[0074] S4: The two-level defense subsystem 3 monitors the rain and snow that breaks through the ring-shaped air curtain through the target detection component, the target tracking processor 327 calculates the aiming parameters, the intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs the aiming drive component to adjust the angle of the air flow output pipe 308, and controls the electromagnetic valve 323 to open to emit high-speed airflow to remove the rain and snow;

[0075] Specifically, the high-precision radar sensor 304 in the target detection component captures the position of the rain and snow targets at a long distance, the infrared thermal imager 305 identifies the target profile through temperature difference, and the night vision device 306 ensures the detection effect in a low-light environment. The data fusion of the three ensures that the target is not missed. The target tracking processor 327 operates the data such as target coordinates and motion trajectory to calculate the angle parameters that need to be adjusted for the airflow output pipe 308. The intelligent control subsystem 4 sends instructions to the aiming driving component. The miniature stepping motor 318 drives the rotating base 319 to realize horizontal direction angle adjustment. The stepping motor I 312 and the stepping motor II 314 drive the airflow output pipe 308 to complete the pitch angle adjustment through the rotating bracket 313, so as to ensure that the airflow output pipe 308 accurately aims at the target. The intelligent control subsystem 4 controls the electromagnetic valve 323 to be powered on. The high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank II 309 is sprayed at high speed through the airflow output pipe 308, and the impact force of the airflow is used to crush the rain and snow targets to avoid their adhesion to the surface of the insulator. The whole process realizes automation from target discovery to removal without manual intervention, and ensures the defense efficiency and accuracy.

[0076] S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem 4 synchronously collects the parameters of the surface of the insulator until a preset defense period end condition is reached.

[0077] Specifically, the intelligent control subsystem 4 collects the parameters such as icing condition, humidity, and contamination degree of the surface of the insulator in real time through an image sensor or a special insulator state sensor, and continuously monitors the defense effect. If there is no rain and snow adhesion or icing sign on the surface of the insulator, it indicates that the defense is effective. If a small amount of rain and snow appears, it can be fed back to the PLC unit to adjust the defense parameters (such as increasing the air curtain pressure and increasing the airflow emission frequency). The preset defense period end conditions include “environmental data recovery to normal”, “continuous defense for a preset time length”, and “insulator surface parameters stable in a safe range”. When any condition is met, the intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs each subsystem to stop running in turn to avoid invalid energy consumption and realize on-demand defense.

[0078] In this embodiment, in step S2, the warning information is synchronously sent to the monitoring personnel through the HMI touch screen 404 and the remote monitoring interface 408. The main control PLC unit 401 determines whether the icing high-risk threshold is reached through a mathematical model formula, and the mathematical model formula is:

[0079] ;

[0080] In the formula, is an icing risk coefficient, is an environmental temperature, is an environmental relative humidity, is an environmental wind speed, , , are weight coefficients of temperature, humidity and wind speed respectively, and 、 、 when , it is determined that the icing high risk threshold is reached, is a preset icing high risk threshold.

[0081] Specifically, in terms of early warning delivery, the HMI touch screen 404 displays the early warning information to the field operation personnel in real time through a data visualization interface, and the remote monitoring interface 408 transmits the early warning data to the power grid monitoring center through the network, realizing double early warning of the field and the remote, ensuring that the monitoring personnel know the risk in time and facilitating the preparation of emergency measures in advance. In terms of risk quantification judgment, the abstract environmental factors are converted into calculable icing risk coefficients , the weight coefficients 、 、 reflect the influence degree of each factor on icing, because the lower the temperature, the higher the icing risk, and low temperature will make the coefficient result more easily reach the threshold; 、 because the higher the humidity, the easier the rain and snow to adhere, and the greater the wind speed, the easier the rain and snow to hit the insulator and accelerate freezing, both of which will increase the icing risk. The main control PLC unit 401 substitutes the 、 、 into the formula to calculate , and compares it with the preset threshold , replacing the traditional experience judgment, making the icing high risk determination more accurate and objective, and avoiding the early or late defense start caused by manual misjudgment.

[0082] In this embodiment, in step S4, the automatic calibration module 328 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the weather monitoring module 329 provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit 401 prioritizes the execution of the cleaning operation according to the threat level of the snow target, and the target tracking processor 327 solves the aiming angle parameters through a mathematical model formula. The aiming angle solving formula is:

[0083] ;

[0084] wherein, is the pitch aiming angle of the airflow output pipe 308, is the target height, is the height of the airflow output pipe 308, is the target horizontal distance, is the wind speed correction coefficient.

[0085] Specifically, the automatic calibration module 328 detects the zero offset of the aiming system caused by vibration and temperature change in real time through the built-in gyroscope or reference sensor, and automatically sends correction instructions to adjust the angle to avoid aiming deviation caused by zero drift; The weather monitoring module 329 collects environmental parameters such as wind speed and wind direction to provide external correction basis for aiming. In terms of priority, the main control PLC unit 401 divides the threat level according to the size, density, and movement speed of the rain and snow targets and the distance from the insulator, and then sorts the levels to instruct the secondary defense subsystem 3 to clear high-threat targets first, so as to avoid high-risk rain and snow from adhering to the insulator first and improve the defense efficiency. In terms of aiming angle calculation, the pitch aiming angle of the airflow output pipe 308 is calculated by combining geometric relationship and environmental correction : Based on the height difference and horizontal distance between the target and the airflow output pipe 308, the basic pitch angle is obtained through the trigonometric function of a right triangle; At the same time, the influence of wind speed on the trajectory of high-speed airflow is considered. The airflow will be deviated by wind force during flight, and the product of the wind speed correction coefficient and the wind speed is used to compensate the basic angle, so as to ensure that the high-speed airflow can hit the target accurately and avoid cleaning failure caused by environmental interference.

[0086] Although the present application has been described in detail in the foregoing description with general principles and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present application, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made on the basis of not deviating from the spirit of the present application, all belong to the scope of protection required by the present application.

Claims

1. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators, characterized in that, The system comprises a power supply subsystem (1), a first defense subsystem (2), a second defense subsystem (3), an intelligent control subsystem (4) and a photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5). The power supply subsystem (1) is used for generating, storing and delivering high-pressure gas, and the first defense subsystem (2) and the second defense subsystem (3) are both communicated with the power supply subsystem (1) through high-pressure delivery hoses (119) to obtain high-pressure gas source. The first defense subsystem (2) is arranged around the insulator of the power transmission line, and is used for forming a ring-shaped air curtain to prevent rain and snow from adhering to the surface of the insulator; the second defense subsystem (3) is used for detecting and removing rain and snow that breaks through the ring-shaped air curtain; and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5) is used for providing power for the whole defense system. The power supply subsystem (1), the first defense subsystem (2), the second defense subsystem (3) and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5) are electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem (4), and the intelligent control subsystem (4) is used for coordinating the starting, operation and parameter adjustment of the power supply subsystem (1), the first defense subsystem (2), the second defense subsystem (3) and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5).

2. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply subsystem (1) comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank I (101), a driving motor (117), a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston assembly, a crankshaft (113) and a cooling component. The driving motor (117) is connected with the crankshaft (113) through a transmission structure to drive the rotation of the crankshaft (113); the crankshaft (113) is linked with the connecting rod piston assembly to drive the reciprocating movement of the connecting rod piston assembly in the cylinder assembly to realize air compression. The high-pressure gas storage tank I (101) is used for storing compressed high-pressure gas; and the cooling component is used for cooling the cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly comprises a first-second cylinder assembly (110) and a first-third cylinder assembly (112), and the connecting rod piston assembly comprises a first-second connecting rod piston assembly (109) and a first-third connecting rod piston assembly (111); the first-second connecting rod piston assembly (109) is matched with the first-second cylinder assembly (110), and the first-third connecting rod piston assembly (111) is matched with the first-third cylinder assembly (112). The transmission structure comprises a rotating wheel (115) and a transmission belt (116), and the driving motor (117) drives the rotation of the crankshaft (113) through the transmission belt (116) and the rotating wheel (115). The cooling component comprises a cooling driving motor (107), a cooling fan blade (108) and a heat dissipation fin (121), and the cooling driving motor (107) drives the rotation of the cooling fan blade (108) to forcibly cool the cylinder assembly together with the heat dissipation fin (121).

3. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply subsystem (1) further comprises a gas tank support (102), a shock absorbing washer (103), a mechanical pressure gauge (104), an electromagnetic one-way check valve I (105), a safety relief valve I (106), a lightning protection device (118), a protective shell (120), a gas outlet (122), and a power supply subsystem control circuit board; The high-pressure gas tank I (101) is fixed inside the protective shell (120) through the gas tank support (102), and the shock absorbing washer (103) is additionally installed between the gas tank support (102) and the high-pressure gas tank I (101); The mechanical pressure gauge (104) is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank I (101) for monitoring the pressure in the tank; the electromagnetic one-way check valve I (105) is installed at a gas path node to prevent gas backflow; The safety relief valve I (106) is used to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure gas tank I (101) does not exceed the standard; the lightning protection device (118) is connected to the power supply line to resist lightning surges; the power supply subsystem control circuit board integrates pressure regulation and motor drive modules for controlling the automatic operation of the power supply subsystem (1); The gas outlet (122) is installed below the heat dissipation fins (121), one end of the gas outlet (122) is connected to the high-pressure gas tank I (101) through a high-strength flange, and the other end of the gas outlet (122) is connected to the one-defense subsystem (2) and the two-defense subsystem (3) through a high-pressure conveying hose (119) respectively to supply high-pressure gas.

4. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-defense subsystem (2) comprises a ring-shaped jet device body (201) and an electromagnetic one-way valve (205); the ring-shaped jet device body (201) is provided with a plurality of nozzles for jetting high-pressure gas to form a ring-shaped air curtain; the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is connected in series to the air inlet manifold of the ring-shaped jet device body (201), the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem (4), and the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is used to control the opening and closing of the gas path; The one-defense subsystem (2) further comprises a nozzle protection net (202), a waterproof coating protection shell (203), and a shock absorbing pad (204); the nozzle protection net (202) is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to block foreign matter from entering; the waterproof coating protection shell (203) wraps the ring-shaped jet device body (201) to cope with outdoor environments; the ring-shaped jet device body (201) is connected to a tower or a mounting support through the shock absorbing pad (204).

5. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary defense subsystem (3) comprises a power terminal box (301), an electronic pressure gauge II (302), a sighting indicator lamp (303), a high-precision radar sensor (304), an infrared thermal imager (305), a night vision device (306), an infrared sight (307), an air flow output pipe (308), a high-pressure gas tank II (309), a safety pressure relief valve II (310), an air inlet (311), a stepping motor I (312), a rotating support (313), a stepping motor II (314), a manual knob (317), a micro stepping motor (318), a rotating base (319), a turret base (320), a solenoid valve (323), a target tracking processor (327), an automatic calibration module (328), and a weather monitoring module (329); The turret base (320) is rigidly fixed by foundation bolts, the rotating base (319) is installed on the turret base (320) through a bearing, and the micro stepping motor (318) is connected with a driving gear set of the rotating base (319) to drive the rotating base (319) to realize 360° horizontal rotation. The stepping motor I (312) and the stepping motor II (314) are connected with the rear trunnions of the air flow output pipe (308) through the rotating support (313) to form an elevation adjustment mechanism of a sighting driving component; the manual knob (317) is installed on the side of the turret base (320) and is used for emergency manual adjustment of a sighting angle; The high-precision radar sensor (304), the infrared thermal imager (305), the night vision device (306), the infrared sight (307), and the target tracking processor (327) form a target detection component; the high-precision radar sensor (304), the infrared thermal imager (305), and the night vision device (306) are used for cooperative detection of a rain and snow target that breaks through the annular air curtain, the infrared sight (307) is used for auxiliary aiming, and the target tracking processor (327) processes sensor data and calculates aiming parameters; The high-pressure gas tank II (309) receives high-pressure gas delivered by the power supply subsystem (1) through the air inlet (311), the safety pressure relief valve II (310) is installed on the side of the high-pressure gas tank II (309) to prevent the pressure in the tank from exceeding a standard, and the electronic pressure gauge II (302) is installed at an interface of the high-pressure gas tank II (309) and is used for real-time monitoring of the pressure in the tank; The air flow output pipe (308) is a high-pressure air flow launching terminal, the tail of the air flow output pipe (308) is connected with the air outlet of the high-pressure gas tank II (309) through a high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve (323) is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe, the solenoid valve (323) is electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem (4) and is used for controlling the launching time and duration of high-pressure air flow; The sighting indicator lamp (303) is installed beside the air flow output pipe (308) and is used for displaying a system sighting readiness state. The power junction box (301) is installed in the high-pressure gas tank II (309) to provide stable power supply for the secondary defense subsystem (3); The automatic calibration module (328) is used for real-time calibration of the zero position of the aiming system, and the weather monitoring module (329) is used for collecting environmental parameters and providing correction basis for aiming.

6. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary defense subsystem (3) further comprises a jitter-stable support (315), a shock-absorbing gasket (316), a piston (321), a spring (322), an electromagnetic one-way check valve II (325), a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring (324) and a circular shock-absorbing pad (326). The piston (321) is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas tank II (309), and divides the inner cavity into a front cavity connected with the airflow output pipe (308) and a rear cavity for gas storage; the spring (322) is in a compressed state and tightly abuts between the piston (321) and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas tank II (309); the piston (321) and the spring (322) jointly form an energy storage and release firing structure of the high-pressure gas tank II (309); The electromagnetic one-way check valve II (325) is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe between the high-pressure gas tank II (309) and the airflow output pipe (308), and is used for preventing high-pressure gas backflow during firing; The waterproof and dustproof sealing ring (324) is installed at the connection part of the airflow output pipe (308) and the high-pressure metal hard pipe; the jitter-stable support (315) is connected between the step motor II (314) and the micro step motor (318); The shock-absorbing gasket (316) is arranged at the contact part of the jitter-stable support (315) and the step motor II (314), and is also arranged at the contact part of the step motor I (312) and the rotating support (313); The circular shock-absorbing pad (326) is installed between the bottom of the turret base (320) and the installation platform to absorb the recoil impact after firing.

7. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent control subsystem (4) comprises a main control PLC unit (401), a multi-protocol communication gateway (402), an environmental sensor array (403), an HMI touch screen (404), a data storage and recorder (405), an intelligent power management module (406), an audible and visual alarm (407) and a remote monitoring interface (408); The environmental sensor array (403) cooperates with the weather monitoring module (329) of the secondary defense subsystem (3) to collect environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and set-point real-time image data of the power transmission line corridor; The multi-protocol communication gateway (402) communicates with the environmental sensor array (403), the weather monitoring module (329) and the main control PLC unit (401) respectively, and transmits the collected environmental data to the main control PLC unit (401); The main control PLC unit (401) is electrically connected with the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem (1), the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) of the first defense subsystem (2), the micro stepping motor (318), the stepping motor I (312), the stepping motor II (314), the electromagnetic valve (323), the target tracking processor (327) and the automatic calibration module (328) of the second defense subsystem (3), and is used for analyzing environmental data, evaluating the threat level of a target and issuing control instructions of the corresponding subsystem. The HMI touch screen (404) and the remote monitoring interface (408) are electrically connected with the main control PLC unit (401), the HMI touch screen (404) is used for showing the system running state to monitoring personnel and sending early warning information, and the remote monitoring interface (408) is used for transmitting early warning information to a remote monitoring end and supporting remote operation. The data storage and recorder (405) is electrically connected with the main control PLC unit (401), and is used for recording system running data and environmental data. The intelligent power management module (406) is used for distributing power supply of the corresponding subsystem, the audible and light alarm (407) is electrically connected with the main control PLC unit (401), and is used for issuing ice risk audible and light early warning in cooperation with the HMI touch screen (404).

8. A double defense system for power transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5) comprises a photovoltaic panel array (501), a solar controller (502) and a battery pack (503). The photovoltaic panel array (501) charges the battery pack (503) through the solar controller (502), the battery pack (503) supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller (502), and the photovoltaic power supply subsystem (5) further comprises a power supply monitoring module (504) used for monitoring the power supply state.

9. A double defense method for a power transmission line insulator, applied to the double defense system for a power transmission line insulator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: The intelligent control subsystem (4) collects environmental data of the power transmission line corridor in real time through the environmental sensor array (403), and the environmental data at least comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction; S2: The main control PLC unit (401) of the intelligent control subsystem (4) analyzes the environmental data, sends early warning information if the ice early warning condition is recognized, and instructs the power supply subsystem (1) to start the air compressor set and pressurize the high-pressure gas tank I (101) and the high-pressure gas tank II (309) to a predetermined pressure if the ice high-risk threshold is reached; S3: When rainfall or snowfall is monitored, the intelligent control subsystem (4) instructs the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) of the first defense subsystem (2) to open, and the annular jet device main body (201) sprays high-pressure gas to form an annular gas curtain. S4: The secondary defense subsystem (3) monitors the rain and snow that breaks through the ring-shaped air curtain through the target detection component, the target tracking processor (327) solves the aiming parameter, the intelligent control subsystem (4) instructs the aiming driving component to adjust the angle of the airflow output pipe (308), and controls the electromagnetic valve (323) to open, and emits high-speed airflow to remove the rain and snow; S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem (4) synchronously collects the surface parameters of the insulator until a preset defense cycle end condition is reached.

10. The dual defense method for power transmission line insulators according to claim 9, wherein, In step S2, the early warning information is synchronously sent to the monitoring personnel through the HMI touch screen (404) and the remote monitoring interface (408); the main control PLC unit (401) judges whether the icing high-risk threshold is reached through a mathematical model formula, and the mathematical model formula is: ； In the formula, is an icing risk coefficient, is an ambient temperature, is an ambient relative humidity, is an ambient wind speed, , , are weight coefficients of the temperature, the humidity, and the wind speed, respectively, and , , when , it is determined that a high icing risk threshold is reached, is a preset high icing risk threshold. In step S4, the automatic calibration module (328) of the secondary defense subsystem (3) calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the meteorological monitoring module (329) provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit (401) performs the removal operation on the high-threat target in priority according to the threat level sequence of the rain and snow target, and the target tracking processor (327) solves the aiming angle parameter through a mathematical model formula, and the aiming angle solving formula is: ； wherein is the air flow output tube pitch angle of aim, is the target height, is the air flow output tube height, is the target horizontal distance, is the wind speed correction factor.

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