Efficient purifying and collecting cover for automobile laser cutting smoke dust

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient purifying and collecting cover for automobile laser cutting smoke dust, and relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, the efficient purifying and collecting cover comprises a workpiece conveying device, a multi-stage adjusting support, a dust collecting cabinet, a laser cutting mechanism and a dust sucking mechanism, the multi-stage adjusting support is based on a bearing base plate, and a servo driving unit drives a lifting screw rod to achieve overall lifting; a rotating motor drives a fine adjustment screw rod to drive a fine adjustment plate to perform accurate adjustment, a bearing plate of the laser cutting mechanism is fixed to the fine adjustment plate, a laser emission head in a sliding guide rail adapts to multi-position cutting through a synchronous motor, an axial screw rod and an auxiliary rolling wheel, and a negative pressure dust collection cavity of the dust collection mechanism is fixed to the bearing plate. Smoke dust is conveyed to the dust collection cabinet through the high-pressure vortex fan and the conveying pipeline, the dust collection cabinet adsorbs the smoke dust through a powerful negative pole magnetic plate, and a dust collection drawer is convenient to clean. And a precise filter screen, a non-woven fabric filter layer and a centrifugal induced draft fan are arranged in the exhaust channel, so that multi-stage purification of smoke dust is realized, exhaust is guaranteed to reach the standard, and an automobile laser cutting working condition is adapted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, in particular to a high-efficiency purification and collection cover for automobile laser cutting smoke. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of automobile manufacturing, laser cutting process has become a key technology for processing core components such as automobile body frame and chassis sheet metal parts, due to its high cutting precision and small heat-affected zone. However, during the laser cutting process, high-energy laser interacts with high-strength steel, aluminum alloy and other materials, generating a large amount of smoke containing metal oxide particles and volatile harmful gases (such as ozone). If these smoke is not captured in time, it will not only pollute the working environment and harm the health of the operators, but also adhere to the optical elements of the laser emission head, reducing the cutting precision, and even causing quality defects in subsequent welding and painting processes. Therefore, efficient smoke collection is a necessary guarantee for automobile laser cutting operation. The current mainstream automobile laser cutting smoke treatment equipment in the industry adopts a fixed installation or a structure design that can only realize single height adjustment for its dust collection mechanism. However, automobile laser cutting has significant working condition characteristics: the laser cutting head needs to move dynamically along the complex profile of the workpiece (such as automobile body irregular holes and longitudinal beam fold lines), and the cutting path of different workpieces differs greatly (such as the cutting path length of small connecting parts is only tens of centimeters, and the cutting path of automobile body frame can reach several meters). The existing dust collection mechanism lacks dynamic position coordination capability with the laser cutting head, and cannot adjust synchronously along the moving track of the laser cutting head. Either the dust suction port is fixed at a certain position, and when the laser cutting head moves away, the distance between the dust suction port and the cutting point exceeds the effective capture range, and the smoke escape rate is as high as 40% or more; or although the position of the dust suction port can be manually adjusted, the adjustment efficiency is low and the precision is poor, which cannot adapt to the real-time movement of the laser cutting head, and frequent manual adjustment will also interrupt the cutting process, resulting in a decrease of more than 30% in operation efficiency. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a high-efficiency purification and collection cover for automobile laser cutting smoke, to solve the problem that in the existing automobile laser cutting smoke treatment equipment, the dust collection mechanism lacks dynamic position coordination capability with the laser cutting head, and cannot adjust synchronously along the dynamic moving track of the laser cutting head along the complex profile of the workpiece, resulting in high smoke escape rate or the need for frequent manual adjustment to interrupt the cutting process and reduce operation efficiency.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a kind of automobile laser cutting smoke high-efficiency purification collection cover, a kind of automobile laser cutting smoke high-efficiency purification collection cover, including workpiece conveying equipment, multistage adjusting support, dust collecting cabinet, laser cutting mechanism and dust extraction mechanism: the upper surface of the workpiece conveying equipment is connected with multistage adjusting support, laser cutting mechanism is arranged in the inside of multistage adjusting support, dust extraction mechanism is connected with the outer end of laser cutting mechanism, dust collecting cabinet is installed in the outer end of multistage adjusting support one side.

[0005] Preferably, the multistage adjusting support includes a load-bearing base plate fixedly installed on the upper surface of the workpiece conveying equipment, a sliding groove is formed in the inner side of the load-bearing base plate, a guide plate is arranged in the inside of the sliding groove, a top plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide plate, and a rotary motor is installed on both sides of the upper surface of the top plate.

[0006] Preferably, a guide groove is formed in the inner side surface of each of the two guide plates, a fine adjustment plate is sleeved in the inside of the guide groove, and a threaded hole is formed in the lower end surface of each of the two guide plates on both sides thereof; and a threaded hole is formed in the center of each fine adjustment plate.

[0007] Preferably, a servo drive unit is installed on both ends of the outer side surface of the workpiece conveying equipment, two lifting screws are connected to the upper output end of the servo drive unit, the lifting screws pass through the inside of the load-bearing base plate at the upper end thereof, are connected to the lower surface of the top plate, and the outer end of each lifting screw is threadedly sleeved in the threaded hole formed in the guide plate; a fine adjustment screw is connected to the lower output end of each rotary motor, the fine adjustment screw extends to the bottom surface of the guide groove formed in the guide plate at the lower end thereof, and the outer end of the fine adjustment screw is threadedly matched with the threaded hole formed in the center of the fine adjustment plate.

[0008] Preferably, the laser cutting mechanism includes a bearing plate arranged at the lower end of the top plate, the bearing plate is installed on the inner side surface of the fine adjustment plate at both ends thereof by means of bolts, a sliding rail is formed in the center of the bearing plate, and a laser emission head is movably installed in the inside of the sliding rail; a limiting groove is formed in the opposite surfaces of the inner side of the sliding rail, and a sliding groove is formed in the surface of the limiting groove, wherein an axial screw is arranged in the inside of the limiting groove at the center thereof, the axial screw extends out of the outer end of the bearing plate at one end thereof, and a synchronous motor is installed on the axial screw.

[0009] Preferably, a guide block is connected to both sides of the upper surface of the laser emission head, the guide block is sleeved in the inside of the limiting groove at the outer end thereof, a threaded hole is formed in the center of the guide block, and the threaded hole is threadedly matched with the axial screw; a plurality of auxiliary rollers are arranged and installed on the upper and lower side surfaces of the guide block, and the surface of the auxiliary rollers is closely attached to the inside of the sliding groove.

[0010] Preferably, the dust collection mechanism includes dust inlet fine-tuning fixing seats fixedly installed on both sides of the surface of the bearing plate. Negative pressure dust collection chambers are movably connected to the inner side of each dust inlet fine-tuning fixing seat, and the lower ends of the negative pressure dust collection chambers face the upper surface of the workpiece conveying equipment.

[0011] Preferably, the lower surfaces of both negative pressure dust collection chambers are provided with equal flow ventilation holes, and weak positive magnetic plates are fixedly installed around the equal flow ventilation holes. The upper surfaces of both negative pressure dust collection chambers are connected to main suction pipes, and the other end of the main suction pipes is connected in series with a high-pressure vortex fan. The high-pressure vortex fan is placed on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet, and the other end of the high-pressure vortex fan is fixedly connected to a secondary conveying pipe. The lower end of the secondary conveying pipe extends to the upper part of the dust collection cabinet.

[0012] Preferably, the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet is provided with an installation groove, and a strong negative magnetic plate is installed inside the installation groove. A dust collection drawer is slidably installed at the lower end of the dust collection cabinet. An exhaust duct is fixedly connected to one side of the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet. The rear end of the exhaust duct extends to the upper end of the dust collection cabinet. A precision filter screen is installed on the rear end surface, and a non-woven fabric filter layer is filled on the inner side of the rear end. The front end of the exhaust duct extends to the upper end of the outer end of the dust collection cabinet. A bracket is installed on the inner side of the front end of the exhaust duct. A centrifugal fan is connected to the upper end of the bracket, and a precision filter screen is installed on the top surface of the exhaust duct.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention achieves overall height adaptation by driving the lifting screw with a servo drive unit, and achieves precise horizontal positioning by driving the fine-tuning screw with a rotary motor. This ensures that the laser emitter is always aligned with the cutting area and the negative pressure dust collection chamber always maintains the optimal dust collection distance. This coordinated adjustment design effectively avoids the adaptation deviation between cutting and dust collection, which not only improves the dimensional accuracy of laser cutting of automotive parts, but also ensures the timeliness of dust collection. Compared with the existing technology, the cutting accuracy is improved by 15%-20%, and the initial dust collection rate is increased to over 90%.

[0014] This invention uses a weak positive magnetic plate to first adsorb large magnetic debris at the suction end, preventing blockage of the conveying pipe; a strong negative magnetic plate uses magnetic reaction force to precisely push the remaining magnetic particles into the dust collection drawer, completely preventing particles from flying around in the dust collection cabinet. Compared with existing technologies, the magnetic particle collection rate is increased to over 98%, and the sliding design of the dust collection drawer facilitates centralized cleaning, avoiding filter clogging and secondary pollution, and reducing equipment maintenance frequency and costs.

[0015] When the laser cutting mechanism of this invention is started, the high-pressure vortex fan starts simultaneously to form negative pressure, ensuring that the dust is collected as soon as it is generated. At the same time, the dust collection cabinet adopts a four-stage purification structure of "magnetic adsorption + precision filter one + non-woven filter layer + precision filter two". It first separates magnetic particles, and then filters large dust particles, fine dust and volatile organic compounds in sequence. The dust concentration of the final exhaust gas is far lower than the national standard. Compared with the existing technology, the amount of dust diffusion is reduced by more than 85%, and the dust concentration of the exhaust gas is controlled below 5mg / m³, which meets the environmental protection requirements of automobile manufacturing workshops and improves the working environment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-level adjustment bracket structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a further structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage adjustment bracket of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the laser cutting mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a further structural schematic diagram of the dust collection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection cabinet structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust duct structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Workpiece conveying equipment; 2. Multi-stage adjustable support; 21. Load-bearing base plate; 22. Servo drive unit; 23. Guide plate; 24. Top plate; 25. Rotary motor; 26. Lifting screw; 27. Fine-tuning screw; 28. Fine-tuning plate; 3. Dust collection cabinet; 31. Strong negative magnetic plate; 32. Exhaust duct; 33. Dust collection drawer; 34. Precision filter screen one; 35. Non-woven filter layer; 36. Support frame; 37. Centrifugal exhaust fan. 38. Precision filter screen II; 4. Laser cutting mechanism; 41. Support plate; 42. Sliding guide rail; 43. Axial screw; 44. Synchronous motor; 45. Guide block; 46. Auxiliary roller; 47. Laser emitter; 5. Dust collection mechanism; 51. Dust inlet fine-tuning fixing seat; 52. Negative pressure dust collection chamber; 53. Weak positive magnetic plate; 54. Uniform airflow hole; 55. Main suction pipe; 56. High-pressure vortex fan; 57. Secondary conveying pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes, which is composed of a workpiece conveying device 1, a multi-stage adjustable support 2, a dust collection cabinet 3, a laser cutting mechanism 4, and a dust collection mechanism 5. The components work together to achieve efficient collection and purification of fumes during automotive laser cutting. Among them, the multi-level adjustment bracket 2 is based on the load-bearing base plate 21 on both sides of the upper surface of the workpiece conveying equipment 1. The support frame is built by the guide plate 23 and the top plate 24. The lifting screw 26 driven by the servo drive unit 22 realizes the overall lifting of the bracket. The fine adjustment screw 27 driven by the rotary motor 25 and the fine adjustment plate 28 work together to realize precise fine adjustment, providing the laser cutting mechanism 4 with flexible position adjustment capability. The laser cutting mechanism 4 is fixed to the fine-tuning plate 28 by the support plate 41. The laser emitting head 47 in the sliding guide rail 42 can move stably along the guide rail by means of the threaded engagement of the guide block 45 and the axial screw 43, the drive of the synchronous motor 44 and the guidance of the auxiliary roller 46, so as to meet the laser cutting needs of different positions of automotive parts. The dust collection mechanism 5 is set to correspond to the laser cutting mechanism 4. The negative pressure dust collection chamber 52 connected to the dust inlet fine adjustment fixing seat 51 is the dust collection end. The weak positive magnetic plate 53 on the periphery of the air hole 54 at the lower end of the chamber can initially adsorb the smoke and dust. Then, the smoke and dust are transported to the dust collection cabinet 3 through the main suction pipe 55, the high pressure vortex fan 56 and the secondary conveying pipe 57. The powerful negative magnetic plate 31 on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3 works in conjunction with the weak positive magnetic plate 53 of the dust collection mechanism to enhance the magnetic absorption and collection of smoke and dust; the dust collection drawer 33 at the lower end of the interior facilitates the cleaning of smoke and dust residue; the precision filter 34, the non-woven filter layer 35, and the precision filter 38 at the top are arranged sequentially in the exhaust channel 32, and together with the centrifugal fan 37, they achieve multi-stage filtration and purification of smoke and dust, ensuring that the exhaust gas meets the standards. The overall structure takes into account the flexibility of the cutting position, the high efficiency of smoke and dust collection, and the thoroughness of purification, and is suitable for the working conditions of automotive laser cutting.

[0020] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the multi-stage adjustable bracket 2 is the core component in the high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes, providing position adjustment for the laser cutting mechanism 4. The bracket includes a load-bearing base plate 21 fixedly installed on both sides of the upper surface of the workpiece conveying device 1. The inner side of the load-bearing base plate 21 is provided with a sliding groove, and a guide plate 23 is provided inside the sliding groove. A top plate 24 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide plate 23. A rotary motor 25 is installed on both sides of the upper surface of the top plate 24. At the same time, the inner surface of the two guide plates 23 is provided with a guide groove, and a fine adjustment plate 28 is fitted inside the guide groove. Threaded holes are provided on both sides of the lower surface of the two guide plates 23, and a threaded hole is also provided in the center of the fine adjustment plate 28. In terms of the adjustment drive structure, servo drive units 22 are respectively installed at both ends of the outer surface of the workpiece conveying device 1. The output ends of the servo drive units 22 are respectively connected to two lifting screws 26. The upper ends of the lifting screws 26 pass through the inside of the load-bearing base plate 21 and are connected to the lower surface of the top plate 24. The outer ends of the lifting screws 26 are respectively threaded into the threaded holes opened in the guide plate 23. The lifting screws 26 can be driven by the servo drive units 22 to drive the guide plate 23, the top plate 24 and related components to achieve overall lifting. In addition, the lower output ends of the two rotary motors 25 are respectively connected to fine adjustment screws 27. The lower ends of the fine adjustment screws 27 pass through the top plate 24 and extend to the bottom surface of the guide groove opened in the guide plate 23. The outer ends of the fine adjustment screws 27 are respectively threaded into the threaded holes opened in the center of the fine adjustment plate 28. The fine adjustment screws 27 can be driven by the rotary motors 25 to drive the fine adjustment plate 28 to move along the guide groove to achieve precise fine adjustment, providing stable and flexible position adjustment support for the laser cutting mechanism 4, and adapting to the position requirements of laser cutting of different automotive parts.

[0021] according to Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the laser cutting mechanism 4 is the core execution component for laser cutting of automotive parts in the high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes. The mechanism is based on the support plate 41 as the basic frame. The two ends of the support plate 41 are respectively bolted to the inner surface of the fine adjustment plate 28 of the multi-level adjustment bracket 2. The overall position is adapted by means of the dual adjustment capability of the multi-level adjustment bracket 2. A sliding guide rail 42 is provided in the center of the support plate 41. A laser emitting head 47 is movably installed inside the sliding guide rail 42. The laser emitting head 47 is the core execution component for laser cutting. To ensure the stable movement and precise positioning of the laser emitter 47, limit grooves are respectively opened on the inner opposite surfaces of the sliding guide rail 42. The surface of the limit groove is provided with a sliding groove. An axial screw 43 is provided in the center of each limit groove. One end of the axial screw 43 extends out of the outer end of the bearing plate 41 and is equipped with a synchronous motor 44. At the same time, guide blocks 45 are connected to both sides of the upper surface of the laser emitter 47. The outer end of the guide block 45 is slidably sleeved in the limit groove. A threaded hole is opened in the center of the guide block 45, which is threadedly engaged with the axial screw 43. Several auxiliary rollers 46 are also arranged and installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the guide block 45. The surfaces of the auxiliary rollers 46 are tightly fitted in the sliding groove. During operation, the synchronous motor 44 drives the axial screw 43 to rotate. Through the threaded engagement between the axial screw 43 and the guide block 45, the laser emitter 47 moves along the sliding guide rail 42. The auxiliary roller 46 reduces friction and ensures accurate movement trajectory, achieving stable and precise displacement of the laser emitter 47, and adapting to the multi-position laser cutting needs of different specifications of automotive parts.

[0022] according to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the dust collection mechanism 5 is the core component in the high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes, enabling the capture and transport of fumes. This mechanism includes dust inlet fine-tuning fixing seats 51 fixedly installed on both sides of the surface of the support plate 41 of the laser cutting mechanism 4. Negative pressure dust collection chambers 52 are movably connected to the inner side of each dust inlet fine-tuning fixing seat 51, and the lower ends of both negative pressure dust collection chambers 52 face the upper surface of the workpiece conveying device 1, enabling close-range capture of fumes corresponding to the laser cutting area. The lower surfaces of both negative pressure dust collection chambers 52 are provided with uniform ventilation holes 54, allowing fumes to enter the chambers evenly. Weakly positive magnetic plates 53 are fixedly installed around the uniform ventilation holes 54, enabling preliminary adsorption and screening of fumes containing magnetic particles. In the dust conveying structure, the upper surface of the negative pressure dust collection chamber 52 is connected to a main suction pipe 55. The other end of the main suction pipe 55 is connected in series with a high-pressure vortex fan 56. The high-pressure vortex fan 56 is placed on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3 to provide power for dust conveying. At the same time, the other end of the high-pressure vortex fan 56 is fixedly connected to a secondary conveying pipe 57. The lower end of the secondary conveying pipe 57 extends to the upper part of the dust collection cabinet 3, which can efficiently convey the captured dust to the dust collection cabinet 3 for subsequent purification treatment.

[0023] according to Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the interior of the dust collection cabinet 3 is the core area for the efficient purification and collection of automotive laser cutting fumes, enabling the collection and filtration of fumes. An installation groove is provided on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3, inside which a powerful negative magnetic plate 31 is installed. This plate can cooperate with the weak positive magnetic plate 53 at the lower end of the negative pressure suction chamber 52 in the suction mechanism 5, enhancing the initial collection of magnetic particles from the laser cutting fumes through magnetic adsorption. A dust collection drawer 33 is slidably installed at the lower end of the interior of the dust collection cabinet 3 to easily collect the fumes and residues that fall after adsorption, and the sliding design allows for convenient cleaning. In addition, an exhaust duct 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3, with its rear end extending to the upper part of the interior of the dust collection cabinet 3. A precision filter screen 34 is installed on the rear surface of this extension, and a non-woven fabric filter layer 35 is filled on the inner side of the rear end. This allows for secondary filtration of the smoke and dust entering the dust collection cabinet 3, removing non-magnetic fine particles and some pollutants. A bracket 36 is installed on the inner side of the front end of the exhaust duct 32, and a centrifugal fan 37 is connected to the upper end of the bracket 36. This provides negative pressure to accelerate the flow of smoke and dust inside the dust collection cabinet 3 towards the exhaust duct 32. A precision filter screen 38 is installed on the top surface of the exhaust duct 32 to achieve final filtration of the exhaust gas. At the same time, a secondary conveying pipe 57 is connected to the other end of the high-pressure vortex fan 56 in the dust collection mechanism 5, with its lower end extending to the upper part of the interior of the dust collection cabinet 3. This allows for precise delivery of the smoke and dust collected by the dust collection mechanism 5 into the dust collection cabinet 3 for subsequent processing.

[0024] The overall effect achieved by the organization is as follows: The first stage involves workpiece conveying and initial positioning. The automotive part to be cut is placed on the upper surface of workpiece conveying equipment 1. Workpiece conveying equipment 1 precisely conveys the workpiece to the laser cutting station according to a preset cutting program, completing the initial positioning before cutting. Simultaneously, workpiece conveying equipment 1 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire equipment, providing stable support for the multi-stage adjustable bracket 2, laser cutting mechanism 4, and other components connected above, ensuring structural stability during subsequent operations. Workpiece conveying equipment 1 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Next, the multi-stage adjustable bracket adapts to the cutting position, adapting to the dimensions of the automotive part to be cut. To meet the size and cutting position requirements, the multi-level adjustable bracket 2 activates a dual adjustment function. On one hand, it performs overall lifting and lowering adjustment. After receiving the control signal, the servo drive units 22 at both ends of the outer side of the workpiece conveying equipment 1 are activated, driving the lifting screw 26 connected to its output end to rotate. Since the outer end of the lifting screw 26 is threaded into the threaded hole at the lower end of the guide plate 23, and the guide plate 23 is embedded in the slide groove of the load-bearing base plate 21, the rotation of the lifting screw 26 will drive the guide plate 23 to move up and down along the slide groove of the load-bearing base plate 21, thereby driving the top plate 24 fixed at the upper end of the guide plate 23, as well as the laser cutting mechanism 4 associated with the top plate 24 and the dust collection mechanism. Mechanism 5 achieves overall height adjustment until the laser emitter 47 of the laser cutting mechanism 4 maintains a suitable distance from the workpiece cutting surface. Simultaneously, it performs precise fine-tuning. Once the overall height is adjusted, the rotary motors 25 on both sides of the upper surface of the top plate 24 are activated, driving the fine-tuning screws 27 connected to their output ends to rotate. Because the outer end of the fine-tuning screw 27 is threaded into the threaded hole in the center of the fine-tuning plate 28, and the fine-tuning plate 28 is fitted within the guide groove of the guide plate 23, the rotation of the fine-tuning screw 27 will cause the fine-tuning plate 28 to move horizontally along the guide groove. Meanwhile, the support plate 41 of the laser cutting mechanism 4 is fixed to the inner side of the fine-tuning plate 28 by bolts. Therefore, the movement of the fine-tuning plate 28 will synchronously drive the laser cutting mechanism 4 and the dust collection mechanism 5 to achieve precise fine-tuning in the horizontal direction, so that the laser emitting head 47 is aligned with the workpiece to be cut area, while ensuring that the negative pressure dust collection chamber 52 of the dust collection mechanism 5 maintains the optimal dust collection distance with the cutting area; then the laser cutting mechanism enters the cutting stage. After the cutting position is adapted, the laser cutting mechanism 4 starts the cutting operation. First, the laser emitting head is moved and driven. After the synchronous motor 44 at the outer end of the support plate 41 receives the cutting path signal, it starts and drives the axial screw 43 connected to its output end to rotate in the limiting groove of the sliding guide rail 42.Since the guide block 45 on the upper surface of the laser emitter 47 is fitted into the limiting groove, and the threaded hole in the center of the guide block 45 is threadedly engaged with the axial screw 43, the rotation of the axial screw 43 is converted into linear movement of the guide block 45, thereby driving the laser emitter 47 to move along the sliding guide rail 42. Secondly, to ensure cutting stability, the auxiliary rollers 46 installed on the upper and lower sides of the guide block 45 are tightly fitted into the sliding groove of the limiting groove. During the movement of the laser emitter 47, the auxiliary rollers 46 roll along the sliding groove, which on the one hand greatly reduces the frictional resistance between the guide block 45 and the limiting groove, avoiding movement jamming; on the other hand, through the limiting effect of the rollers, it ensures that the laser emitter 47 always moves along the preset trajectory. To ensure cutting precision, the laser emitter 47 then emits a laser beam to precisely cut the workpiece area, completing the laser processing of the automotive parts. Simultaneously with the laser cutting mechanism 4 starting cutting, the dust collection mechanism 5 simultaneously begins real-time dust collection. The dust collection mechanism 5 starts dust collection, first generating negative pressure suction power. The high-pressure vortex fan 56, placed on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3, starts, creating a negative pressure environment within the negative pressure suction chamber 52 through the main suction pipe 55. Since the lower end of the negative pressure suction chamber 52 faces the workpiece cutting area, and the uniform airflow holes 54 on the lower surface allow the negative pressure to evenly cover the cutting area, the dust generated during cutting will be evenly dissipated under the negative pressure. The smoke is drawn into the negative pressure dust collection chamber 52 through the vent 54. The weak positive magnetic plate 53 is used to adsorb the ferromagnetic particles contained in the smoke. It is fixed on the outer periphery of the uniform ventilation vent 54. After the initial adsorption, the smoke contains non-magnetic fine particles and some unadsorbed magnetic particles. Under the continuous power of the high-pressure vortex fan 56, it enters the fan through the main suction pipe 55 and is then transported to the upper part of the dust collection cabinet 3 by the secondary conveying pipe 57 at the fan output end, completing the transfer of smoke from the cutting area to the purification area. Then, it enters the multi-stage purification and exhaust gas treatment stage of the dust collection cabinet. The smoke entering the dust collection cabinet 3 is pushed by the magnetic reaction force of the strong negative magnetic plate 31, which pushes the ferromagnetic particles onto the dust collection cabinet. Inside the dust drawer 33, to prevent ferromagnetic particles from flying around inside the dust collection cabinet 3, when the smoke containing magnetic particles is discharged from the secondary conveying pipe 57, the powerful negative magnetic plate 31 can directly act on the ferromagnetic particles in the smoke, ensuring that the particles fall accurately into the dust collection drawer 33, completing the complete separation and collection of magnetic particles. Next, non-magnetic smoke is physically filtered. The non-magnetic smoke after removing magnetic particles contains fine dust, organic volatile matter carrier particles, etc. Under the negative pressure traction of the centrifugal fan 37 in the exhaust channel 32 on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet 3, it enters the rear end of the exhaust channel 32; first, it passes through the precision filter screen 34 on the rear end surface of the exhaust channel 32 to filter out the larger diameter dust particles in the smoke.The smoke and dust then pass through the non-woven fabric filter layer 35 filled at the rear of the filter screen. The fiber structure of the non-woven fabric can intercept and filter fine dust, while adsorbing some volatile organic compounds, achieving deep purification of the smoke and dust. Finally, it achieves compliant exhaust gas emission and residue cleaning. The purified gas after two stages of filtration continues to flow forward to the front end of the exhaust channel 32, and finally passes through the precision filter screen 38 at the top of the channel for final filtration, removing residual extremely fine dust and ensuring that the exhaust gas meets the atmospheric pollutant emission standards. After purification, the staff can periodically pull out the sliding dust collection drawer 33 at the bottom of the dust collection cabinet 3 to clean the collected magnetic particles and dust residue, ensuring the continuous purification efficiency of the equipment.

[0025] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency dust collection hood for automotive laser cutting, comprising a workpiece conveying device (1), a multi-stage adjustable support (2), a dust collection cabinet (3), a laser cutting mechanism (4), and a dust collection mechanism (5), characterized in that: The workpiece conveying equipment (1) has a multi-level adjustment bracket (2) connected to its upper surface. A laser cutting mechanism (4) is installed inside the multi-level adjustment bracket (2). A dust collection mechanism (5) is connected to the outer end of the laser cutting mechanism (4). A dust collection cabinet (3) is installed on one side of the outer end of the multi-level adjustment bracket (2).

2. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage adjustment bracket (2) includes a load-bearing base plate (21) fixedly installed on both sides of the upper surface of the workpiece conveying equipment (1). Slide grooves are respectively opened on the inner side of the load-bearing base plate (21), and guide plates (23) are provided inside the slide grooves. A top plate (24) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide plate (23), and a rotary motor (25) is installed on both sides of the upper surface of the top plate (24).

3. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surfaces of the two guide plates (23) are respectively provided with guide grooves, and fine adjustment plates (28) are fitted inside the guide grooves. Threaded holes are respectively provided on both sides of the lower end surfaces of the two guide plates (23); and threaded holes are provided in the center of the fine adjustment plates (28).

4. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The workpiece conveying device (1) has servo drive units (22) installed at both ends of its outer surface. Two lifting screws (26) are connected to the upper output end of the servo drive unit (22). The upper end of the lifting screw (26) passes through the interior of the load-bearing base plate (21) and is connected to the lower surface of the top plate (24). The outer ends of the lifting screws (26) are threaded into the threaded holes of the guide plate (23). The lower output ends of the two rotary motors (25) are connected to fine-tuning screws (27). The lower ends of the fine-tuning screws (27) pass through the top plate (24) and extend to the bottom surface of the guide groove of the guide plate (23). The outer ends of the fine-tuning screws (27) are threaded into the threaded holes in the center of the fine-tuning plate (28).

5. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The laser cutting mechanism (4) includes a support plate (41) set at the lower end of the top plate (24). The two ends of the support plate (41) are respectively bolted to the inner surface of the fine adjustment plate (28). A sliding guide rail (42) is provided in the center of the support plate (41). A laser emitting head (47) is movably installed inside the sliding guide rail (42). Limiting grooves are respectively opened on the inner opposite surfaces of the sliding guide rail (42). A sliding groove is opened on the surface of the limiting groove. An axial screw (43) is provided in the center of the limiting groove. One end of the axial screw (43) extends out of the outer end of the support plate (41) and is equipped with a synchronous motor (44).

6. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The laser emitter (47) has guide blocks (45) connected to both sides of its upper surface. The guide blocks (45) are slidably sleeved inside the limiting groove at their outer ends. A threaded hole is provided in the center of the guide block (45) and is threadedly engaged with the axial screw (43). Several auxiliary rollers (46) are arranged and installed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the guide block (45), and the surfaces of the auxiliary rollers (46) are tightly fitted to the inside of the groove.

7. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection mechanism (5) includes a dust port fine adjustment fixing seat (51) fixedly installed on both sides of the surface of the bearing plate (41). A negative pressure dust collection chamber (52) is movably connected to the inner side of the dust port fine adjustment fixing seat (51), and the lower end of the negative pressure dust collection chamber (52) faces the upper surface of the workpiece conveying device (1).

8. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both negative pressure dust collection chambers (52) are provided with equal flow air holes (54) on their lower surfaces. A weak positive magnetic plate (53) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the equal flow air holes (54). A main suction pipe (55) is connected to the upper surface of both negative pressure dust collection chambers (52). A high-pressure vortex fan (56) is connected in series at the other end of the main suction pipe (55). The high-pressure vortex fan (56) is placed on the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet (3). A secondary conveying pipe (57) is fixedly connected to the other end of the high-pressure vortex fan (56). The lower end of the secondary conveying pipe (57) extends to the upper end of the dust collection cabinet (3).

9. The high-efficiency purification and collection hood for automotive laser cutting fumes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection cabinet (3) has an installation groove on its upper inner surface. A strong negative magnetic plate (31) is installed inside the installation groove. A dust collection drawer (33) is slidably installed at the lower end of the dust collection cabinet (3). An exhaust channel (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the upper surface of the dust collection cabinet (3). The rear end of the exhaust channel (32) extends to the upper end of the dust collection cabinet (3). A precision filter screen (34) is installed on the rear end surface. A non-woven filter layer (35) is filled on the inner side of the rear end. The front end of the exhaust channel (32) extends to the upper end of the outer end of the dust collection cabinet (3). A bracket (36) is installed on the inner side of the front end of the exhaust channel (32). A centrifugal fan (37) is connected to the upper end of the bracket (36). A precision filter screen (38) is installed on the top surface of the exhaust channel (32).

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