A multi-charge protocol compatible adaptive control system and charging gun

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of compatible multi-charging protocol's adaptive control system and charging gun, it is related to charging technical field.The adaptive control system includes: signal detection module: test signal is applied at charging port, detects the direct current impedance characteristic of test signal in charging loop;Protocol pairing module: based on direct current impedance characteristic and by charging protocol pairing method realizes the handshake communication between charging gun and vehicle battery management system, obtains the parameter data of vehicle battery management system.The application establishes multi-objective optimization function, optimizes two goals of charging speed maximization and temperature rise minimization, and dynamically adjusts weight by early warning level, to generate adaptive multi-stage charging strategy, so that the system can charge at the optimal rate allowed by the current conditions within the safety boundary during the charging process, achieving the best balance between safety and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging technology, specifically to an adaptive control system and charging gun compatible with multiple charging protocols. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, DC fast charging technology has become key to improving user experience. There are various DC charging protocols on the market, such as CCS, CHAdeMO, and GB / T. The standardization and compatibility of charging infrastructure have become crucial for the industry's development.

[0003] For example, patent publication number "CN106130124A", entitled "A method, system and terminal for achieving compatibility of multiple fast charging protocols", includes a first charging chip and a second charging chip. The first charging chip detects whether the charger meets the fast charging protocol supported by the first charging chip; if not, the second charging chip detects whether the charger meets the fast charging protocol supported by the second charging chip. The dual-channel charging circuit uses the first charging current information to charge the terminal, which can achieve compatibility between the fast charging protocol supported by the first charging chip and the fast charging protocol supported by the second charging chip. This allows a terminal to truly support multiple fast charging protocols, reducing users' over-reliance on a single charger and improving the terminal's charging efficiency.

[0004] The aforementioned patents lack intelligent identification mechanisms, and their protocol matching process relies on simple sequential attempts, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, failing to provide a fast and seamless charging connection experience for different vehicle models. Furthermore, as exemplified by patent publication number "CN119739073A," entitled "A Fast Charging Protocol Control Device Compatible with Multiple Fast Charging Protocols," this patent implements control modes for the QC2.0 and QC3.0 fast charging protocols of the tested fast charging power supply; the timer connects to the main DSP controller and the tested fast charging power supply to implement control modes for the AFC, FCP, and SCP fast charging protocols of the tested fast charging power supply. However, this patent lacks dynamic optimization capabilities based on real-time status; its charging strategy is preset and fixed, unable to adjust in real-time according to the actual battery state and connection status, easily leading to excessively rapid temperature rise in the vehicle battery and affecting its lifespan. Therefore, an adaptive control system and charging gun compatible with multiple charging protocols have been invented. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive control system and charging gun compatible with multiple charging protocols, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols, the adaptive control system comprising:

[0007] Signal detection module: Apply a test signal at the charging port and detect the DC impedance characteristics of the test signal in the charging circuit;

[0008] Protocol pairing module: Based on DC impedance characteristics and through charging protocol pairing method, it realizes handshake communication between the charging gun and the vehicle battery management system to obtain parameter data of the vehicle battery management system;

[0009] Diagnostic module: Establish and apply a predictive diagnostic algorithm based on DC impedance characteristics. The predictive diagnostic algorithm applies an early warning mechanism. When the DC impedance characteristics are input into the predictive diagnostic algorithm, and the DC impedance characteristic value or the trend of DC impedance characteristics exceeds the preset threshold of the early warning mechanism, a graded early warning is issued.

[0010] Power execution module: Based on DC impedance characteristics, requested current in parameter data and theoretical voltage in parameter data, obtain reference output voltage; based on temperature data in parameter data, preset threshold and reference output voltage, obtain output voltage limit range; generate and execute multi-stage charging strategy through charging optimization method;

[0011] The charging optimization method includes:

[0012] A mathematical analysis model is established to analyze the relationship between parameter data, voltage, and current. A multi-objective optimization function is established, with the objective functions being to maximize the increase in battery capacity and minimize the increase in temperature. A judgment method is established based on hierarchical early warning to switch the priority of the objective functions in the multi-objective optimization function. The multi-objective optimization function is combined with the output voltage limit range and the mathematical analysis model to obtain a multi-stage charging strategy.

[0013] Furthermore,

[0014] The charging protocol pairing method includes: setting up a device feature database, which records the mapping relationship between the feature identifiers of different vehicle battery management systems and successfully matched charging protocols, wherein the feature identifiers include DC impedance characteristics;

[0015] The DC impedance characteristics used for testing are matched and queried in the device feature database. If the same DC impedance characteristics are matched, the charging protocol mapped by the same DC impedance characteristics is called first to realize handshake communication.

[0016] If no matching DC impedance characteristics are found, the charging protocol pairing is performed according to the preset protocol sequence until the handshake communication is successful. A new mapping relationship is established between the charging protocol with the target device feature identifier after the handshake communication is successful, and the new mapping relationship is stored in the device feature database.

[0017] Furthermore, the test signal includes a first detection signal during charging connection and a second detection signal during charging process;

[0018] When establishing a charging connection, a first detection signal is applied, and the first response signal of the first detection signal in the charging circuit is detected. The first response signal includes a first DC impedance characteristic, which is applied in the charging protocol pairing method.

[0019] During the charging process, a second detection signal is applied by a timed injection method, and the second response signal of the second test signal in the charging circuit is detected. The second response signal includes a second DC impedance characteristic, which is applied in the diagnostic module and the power execution module.

[0020] The timing injection method includes injecting a second detection signal during the PWM signal blanking period of the charging communication protocol.

[0021] Furthermore, establishing and applying mathematical analysis models includes:

[0022] Obtain historical charging datasets under different protocols, and extract the DC impedance characteristics from the historical charging datasets. Charging current Charging voltage Charging time and battery temperature data Input into the mathematical analysis model;

[0023] Based on charging protocols and parameter data, and combined with mathematical analysis models, a system was established. The charging voltage at the charging terminal and charging current The first association between them;

[0024] Based on charging protocols and parameter data, and combined with mathematical analysis models, a system was established. The charging voltage at the charging terminal Charging current DC impedance characteristics The second association between them.

[0025] Furthermore, the multi-objective optimization function includes:

[0026] ;

[0027] This indicates the change in battery capacity. This indicates the changes in battery temperature. Indicating changes over time, For the comprehensive target value, The maximum safe charging rate that the system can allow. The first and second correlations are input into the multi-objective optimization function to determine the maximum safe temperature rise rate allowed by the system. The weighting factor representing the increase in battery capacity The weighting factors representing the temperature increase are based on first-order correlation, second-order correlation, and a multi-objective optimization function to achieve... Maximize the adjustment of charging voltage and charging current The specific value.

[0028] Furthermore, the determination method includes:

[0029] ;

[0030] Indicates different warning situations. The specific value is output by the judgment method based on the warning level.

[0031] Furthermore, the tiered early warning system includes:

[0032] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic is below the threshold value, and the trend of change in the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the trend threshold, then no warning will be triggered. The output value is 1;

[0033] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the corresponding value threshold, but the trend of change of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, then a level one warning is triggered. The output value is 2;

[0034] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, but the trend of change in the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the trend threshold, then a level two warning is triggered. The output value is 3;

[0035] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, or if the trend of change in the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, a level three warning will be triggered. The output value is 4.

[0036] A charging gun compatible with multiple charging protocols, employing the aforementioned adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols, the charging gun comprising:

[0037] Charging port; used to apply charging voltage to the vehicle battery. and charging current ;

[0038] Current and voltage control device: Receives a multi-stage charging strategy and controls the charging voltage at the charging port based on the accepting voltage and current of the charging gun. and charging current This ensures that the voltage and current values ​​conform to the multi-stage charging strategy.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] This adaptive control system and charging gun, compatible with multiple charging protocols, optimizes the two objectives of maximizing charging speed and minimizing temperature rise by establishing a multi-objective optimization function. It also dynamically adjusts the weights through early warning levels to generate an adaptive multi-stage charging strategy. This allows the system to charge at the optimal rate allowed by the current conditions within the safety boundary during the charging process, achieving the best balance between safety and efficiency.

[0041] Meanwhile, through intelligent querying and matching using a device feature database, the correct charging protocol can be quickly invoked for known vehicles, greatly shortening the handshake communication time. For unknown vehicles, it will fall back to the preset protocol sequence to try, and learn and record the successful attempts, significantly improving the user's charging experience.

[0042] By monitoring the DC impedance characteristics and their changing trends of the charging circuit in real time, potential risks can be identified before overheating occurs at the contact points due to oxidation or loosening, and graded warnings can be triggered. The system can then dynamically adjust the charging strategy accordingly, thereby reducing the situation of excessively rapid temperature rise. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive control system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the early warning mechanism of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-objective optimization function of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols, the adaptive control system comprising:

[0048] Signal detection module: Apply a test signal at the charging port and detect the DC impedance characteristics of the test signal in the charging circuit;

[0049] Protocol pairing module: Based on DC impedance characteristics and through charging protocol pairing method, it realizes handshake communication between the charging gun and the vehicle battery management system to obtain parameter data of the vehicle battery management system;

[0050] Diagnostic module: Establish and apply a predictive diagnostic algorithm based on DC impedance characteristics. The predictive diagnostic algorithm applies an early warning mechanism. When the DC impedance characteristics are input into the predictive diagnostic algorithm, and the DC impedance characteristic value or the trend of DC impedance characteristics exceeds the preset threshold of the early warning mechanism, a graded early warning is issued.

[0051] Power execution module: Based on DC impedance characteristics, requested current in parameter data and theoretical voltage in parameter data, obtain reference output voltage; based on temperature data in parameter data, preset threshold and reference output voltage, obtain output voltage limit range; generate and execute multi-stage charging strategy through charging optimization method;

[0052] Charging optimization methods include:

[0053] A mathematical analysis model is established to analyze the relationship between parameter data, voltage, and current. A multi-objective optimization function is established, with the objective functions being to maximize the increase in battery capacity and minimize the increase in temperature. A judgment method is established based on hierarchical early warning to switch the priority of the objective functions in the multi-objective optimization function. The multi-objective optimization function is combined with the output voltage limit range and the mathematical analysis model to obtain a multi-stage charging strategy.

[0054] The charging protocol pairing method includes: setting up a device feature database, which records the mapping relationship between the feature identifiers of different vehicle battery management systems and the successfully matched charging protocols, and the feature identifiers include the realization of DC impedance characteristics;

[0055] The DC impedance characteristics used for testing are matched and queried in the device feature database. If the same DC impedance characteristics are matched, the charging protocol mapped by the same DC impedance characteristics is called first to realize handshake communication.

[0056] If no matching DC impedance characteristics are found, the charging protocol pairing is performed according to the preset protocol sequence until the handshake communication is successful. A new mapping relationship is established between the charging protocol with the target device feature identifier after the handshake communication is successful, and the new mapping relationship is stored in the device feature database.

[0057] The test signals include the first detection signal when charging is connected and the second detection signal during the charging process;

[0058] When establishing a charging connection, a first detection signal is applied, and the first response signal of the first detection signal in the charging circuit is detected. The first response signal includes a first DC impedance characteristic, which is applied in the charging protocol pairing method.

[0059] During the charging process, a second detection signal is applied by a timed injection method. The second response signal of the second detection signal in the charging circuit is detected. The second response signal includes the second DC impedance characteristic. The second DC impedance characteristic is applied in the diagnostic module and the power execution module.

[0060] The timing injection method involves injecting a second detection signal during the PWM signal blanking period of the charging communication protocol.

[0061] Establishing and applying mathematical analysis models includes:

[0062] Obtain historical charging datasets under different protocols, and extract the DC impedance characteristics from the historical charging datasets. Charging current Charging voltage Charging time and battery temperature data Input into the mathematical analysis model;

[0063] Based on charging protocols and parameter data, and combined with mathematical analysis models, a system was established. The charging voltage at the charging terminal and charging current The first association between them;

[0064] Based on charging protocols and parameter data, and combined with mathematical analysis models, a system was established. The charging voltage at the charging terminal Charging current DC impedance characteristics The second association between them.

[0065] Multi-objective optimization functions include:

[0066] ;

[0067] This indicates the change in battery capacity. This indicates the changes in battery temperature. Indicating changes over time, For the comprehensive target value, The maximum safe charging rate that the system can allow. The first and second correlations are input into the multi-objective optimization function to determine the maximum safe temperature rise rate allowed by the system. The weighting factor representing the increase in battery capacity The weighting factors representing the temperature increase are based on first-order correlation, second-order correlation, and a multi-objective optimization function to achieve... Maximize the adjustment of charging voltage and charging current The specific value.

[0068] The judgment methods include:

[0069] ;

[0070] Indicates different warning situations. The specific value is output by the judgment method based on the warning level.

[0071] Tiered early warning includes:

[0072] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the threshold, and the trend of change of the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the trend threshold, then no warning will be triggered. The output value is 1;

[0073] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the corresponding value threshold, but the trend of change of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, then a level one warning is triggered. The output value is 2;

[0074] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, but the trend of change in the DC impedance characteristic does not exceed the trend threshold, then a level two warning is triggered. The output value is 3;

[0075] If the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, or if the trend of change in the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, a level three warning will be triggered. The output value is 4.

[0076] A charging gun compatible with multiple charging protocols, employing the aforementioned adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols, the charging gun comprising:

[0077] Charging port; used to apply charging voltage to the vehicle battery. and charging current ;

[0078] Current and voltage control device: Receives a multi-stage charging strategy and controls the charging voltage at the charging port based on the accepting voltage and current of the charging gun. and charging current This ensures that the voltage and current values ​​conform to the multi-stage charging strategy.

[0079] A weak voltage is applied to the charging port of the charging gun. Upon initial connection between the charging gun and the vehicle charging dock, this weak voltage is treated as a primary detection signal and applied to the charging dock. The system receives the primary response signal from this primary detection signal during the charging return process. This primary response signal includes the DC impedance characteristics of the primary detection signal within the charging circuit. Similarly, a secondary detection signal generates a secondary response signal. During charging, the system periodically injects a high-frequency test signal into the circuit (utilizing the PWM communication gap) and measures its response, thereby calculating the circuit's DC impedance in real time. Changes in impedance directly reflect the quality of the contact points (oxidation and loosening increase impedance). The high-frequency test signal serves as the secondary test signal, as specified in GB / T and C. In DC charging protocols such as CS, the charging pile and the vehicle's BMS (Battery Management System) communicate via PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals before and during charging (for example, the charging pile informs the BMS of its maximum available output current by changing the PWM duty cycle). Even during charging, PWM communication continues. The PWM signal itself is a square wave with alternating high and low levels. The essence of injecting the second detection signal is to quickly inject a weak AC test current (or voltage) signal of a specific frequency at the instant of the PWM signal level change. Then, the second response signal in the charging circuit is received by the second detection signal. The second response signal includes the DC impedance characteristics of the second detection signal in the charging circuit.

[0080] Test signal 1 is applied when the charging gun and the vehicle charging dock are first connected for charging, while test signal 2 is applied during the charging process. The DC impedance characteristic 1 is used in the charging protocol pairing method. During the charging process, based on the weak voltage at the charging port, the response signal is detected and obtained. The DC impedance characteristic 1 is compared with the DC impedance characteristics in the device feature database. If the same DC impedance characteristics are found, the corresponding charging protocol is used directly for handshake communication. If the handshake communication fails, the charging protocol pairing is performed according to the preset protocol sequence.

[0081] The preset protocol sequence includes: an internal protocol library containing a list of charging protocols. The system sequentially switches to different protocol stacks and sends a unique initial handshake message or "charger identification message" to the vehicle's Battery Management System (BMS). If the BMS understands the message, it responds with a correct message according to the protocol's specifications. If the protocols don't match, the BMS ignores the message, causing the charging pile to time out. If a correct response is received, the charging pile locks the current protocol, the handshake is successful, and the process moves to the next step. If no response is received within the timeout period, the charging pile control system automatically switches to the next protocol in the list and repeats the handshake request process until successful. This preset protocol sequence for charging protocol pairing is a current technology. Intelligent querying and matching through a device feature database prioritizes and quickly calls the correct charging protocol for known vehicles, significantly shortening the handshake communication time. For unknown vehicles, the system reverts to the preset protocol sequence and learns and records successful attempts, significantly improving the user's charging experience.

[0082] Simultaneously, after handshake communication is achieved through a preset protocol sequence, a new mapping relationship is established between the charging protocol that successfully completes the handshake communication and the target device feature identifier. The new mapping relationship is stored in the device feature database. Thus, in subsequent applications, when handshake communication is performed on the same device, the charging protocol can be directly called for charging protocol pairing and handshake can be achieved as soon as the connection between the charging gun and the vehicle charging dock is established. This design can reduce the overall handshake communication time.

[0083] After a successful handshake, the same established charging protocol is used for communication. The BMS sends its requirements: the vehicle BMS sends key parameters such as the battery's maximum allowable voltage, maximum allowable current, and current SOC (State of Charge). These key parameters are the parameter data of the vehicle's battery management system. Simultaneously, based on the communication terminal, the vehicle's battery management system updates the data in real time. The charging gun then provides feedback on its actual maximum voltage and current based on its own capabilities. Both parties will use an acceptable voltage and current value as the initial charging target. During the charging process, if the temperature rises, the data can be transmitted to the diagnostic module inside the charger through the communication terminal to reduce voltage and current, thereby preventing excessive temperature rise.

[0084] The protocol pairing module communicates with the vehicle battery management system through the charging gun's communication module, establishing a connection between the charger's internal system and the vehicle battery management system. Based on a mathematical analysis model, it estimates the heat generated by the vehicle battery during charging, thereby determining the battery's temperature rise. By combining this with the returned vehicle battery temperature data, it can also understand the external temperature. Since the external ambient temperature and the parameter data for different types of vehicle batteries vary, analysis parameter data is set. During charging, the corresponding data is directly input into the mathematical analysis model, which obtains the first and second correlations. These first and second correlations are then applied to a multi-objective optimization function.

[0085] The early warning mechanism issues a warning when a value exceeds a preset threshold. Since the preset thresholds are set based on the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic and its changing trend, different thresholds trigger different alarms. The tiered warning system includes: if the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic is below the threshold and the changing trend does not exceed the trend threshold, no warning is triggered; if the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic is below the corresponding value threshold but the changing trend exceeds the trend threshold, a Level 1 warning is triggered; if the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold but the changing trend does not exceed the trend threshold, a Level 2 warning is triggered; and if the specific value of the DC impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold and the changing trend exceeds the trend threshold, a Level 3 warning is triggered. The judgment method is to control the system under different warning conditions. The output value is obtained through... Adjust the output value and The specific value.

[0086] Establish What they pursue To maximize the value, the battery charge gradually increases during charging, and the temperature also gradually increases. Simultaneously, in low ambient temperatures, this improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the vehicle battery. The "One-Stop Connection" mechanism enables... The correction, the second association implements the... The correction, and and All are related to the charging voltage and charging current There is a correlation, therefore different ones can be simulated by computer. and ,accomplish The value is maximized, while the voltage limit range is restricted under computer simulation to obtain the simulated charging voltage. and charging current The value is based on the simulated charging voltage. and charging current The value is used to obtain the charging voltage at a certain stage. and charging current .

[0087] because and Because the units are different, the data on changes in battery capacity and temperature are both normalized to facilitate the subsequent addition of these two values ​​to obtain the final result. The value, and The use of implementation and The degree of numericalization, mathematical analysis models, and existing technologies exist. By inputting data, the correlation between data points is analyzed. For example, there is a relationship between battery capacity and time, or charging voltage and charging current. By inputting battery capacity and time, or charging voltage and charging current, into the mathematical analysis model, the following can be obtained: Voltage at the charging terminal and current The first association between them can be obtained similarly. Voltage at the charging terminal and current The second association between them, substitute the first association and the second association into... In, and through pursuing maximization With the goal of achieving optimal charging speed and minimizing temperature rise, the system establishes a multi-objective optimization function to optimize both objectives. It also dynamically adjusts the weights based on the warning level to generate an adaptive multi-stage charging strategy. This ensures that the system can charge at the optimal rate allowed by the current conditions within the safety boundary during the charging process, achieving the best balance between safety and efficiency.

[0088] DC impedance characteristics refer to the quantitative characterization of the resistance of a circuit or component to current under DC or low-frequency conditions. It is the total resistance value exhibited by the entire electric vehicle charging circuit (including the charging gun port, cable, connector, contact point and vehicle battery itself). DC impedance characteristics are expressed numerically. The lower the impedance value, the smoother the path and the less power loss. The higher the impedance value, the more likely there are problems such as poor contact, oxidation or aging in the path. Power loss will be converted into dangerous heat.

[0089] Different car models have slight differences in battery internal resistance and internal circuit resistance. The total impedance Z of the entire circuit forms a unique "fingerprint." This "fingerprint" is measured during the initial handshake and mapped to the protocol, stored in a database. The next time the same car model is encountered, blind testing can be skipped, and pairing can be performed directly via the protocol, achieving rapid matching. According to Joule's law, an increase in resistance R leads to a sharp increase in heat generation, which is detected by impedance... The abnormal upward trend can issue an early warning before the temperature sensor detects overheating, thus achieving early warning and adjusting the current and voltage data to slow down the temperature rise. The change in [the variable] is used as an input variable in the judgment method because [it is due to] It is directly related to the rise in temperature. By monitoring the DC impedance characteristics and their changing trends of the charging circuit in real time, potential risks can be identified before the contact points overheat due to oxidation or loosening, and graded warnings can be triggered. The system can then dynamically adjust the charging strategy accordingly, thereby reducing the situation of excessively rapid temperature rise.

[0090] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended embodiments and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-charge protocol compatible adaptive control system, comprising: The adaptive control system comprises: a signal detection module: applying a test signal at the charging port, detecting the direct current impedance characteristic of the test signal in the charging loop; a protocol pairing module: based on the direct current impedance characteristic and through the charging protocol pairing method, realizing handshake communication between the charging gun and the vehicle battery management system, and obtaining parameter data of the vehicle battery management system; a diagnosis module: establishing and applying a predictive diagnosis algorithm based on the direct current impedance characteristic, applying a warning mechanism in the predictive diagnosis algorithm, inputting the direct current impedance characteristic into the predictive diagnosis algorithm, and performing hierarchical warning when the direct current impedance characteristic value or the change trend of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the preset threshold of the warning mechanism; a power execution module: obtaining a reference output voltage based on the direct current impedance characteristic, the requested current in the parameter data and the theoretical voltage in the parameter data, obtaining an output voltage limit range based on the temperature data in the parameter data, the preset threshold and the reference output voltage, and generating and executing a multi-stage charging strategy through a charging optimization method; The charging optimization method comprises: establishing a mathematical analysis model for analyzing the relationship between the parameter data, voltage and current, establishing a multi-objective optimization function, taking the maximum battery power rise and the minimum temperature rise as objective functions, establishing a judgment method for switching the priority of the objective functions in the multi-objective optimization function based on the hierarchical warning, and obtaining the multi-stage charging strategy by combining the output voltage limit range and the mathematical analysis model; The multi-objective optimization function comprises: ； a change in battery capacity, a change in battery temperature, a change in time, is a comprehensive target value, is a maximum safe charging rate allowed by the system, is a maximum safe temperature rise rate allowed by the system, the first correlation and the second correlation are input into a multi-objective optimization function, is a weight factor for a rise in battery capacity, is a weight factor for a rise in temperature, based on the first correlation, the second correlation, and the multi-objective optimization function to achieve maximization of the value of the charging voltage and the specific value of the charging current ; establishing a correlation between the charging voltage and the charging current at the charging terminals in accordance with the charging protocol and the parameter data and in combination with a mathematical analysis model at the charging terminals​​ Based on charging protocols and parameter data, and combined with mathematical analysis models, a system was established. The charging voltage at the charging terminal Charging current DC impedance characteristics The second association between them.

2. The adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging protocol pairing method comprises: setting a device feature database, the device feature database records the mapping relationship between the feature identifier of different vehicle battery management systems and the successfully matched charging protocol, and the feature identifier comprises the direct current impedance characteristic; The test direct current impedance characteristic is matched and queried in the device feature database, if the same direct current impedance characteristic is matched, the charging protocol mapped by the same direct current impedance characteristic is preferentially called to realize handshake communication; If the same direct current impedance characteristic is not matched, the charging protocol pairing is performed according to the preset protocol order until the handshake communication is successful, a new mapping relationship is established between the charging protocol of successful handshake communication and the target device feature identifier, and the new mapping relationship is stored in the device feature database.

3. The adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols of claim 2, wherein: The test signal comprises a first detection signal when charging connection and a second detection signal in the charging process; The first detection signal is applied when the charging connection is realized, and a first response signal of the first detection signal in the charging loop is detected, the first response signal comprises a first direct current impedance characteristic, and the first direct current impedance characteristic is applied in the charging protocol pairing method; The second detection signal is applied through a timing injection method in the charging process, and a second response signal of the second detection signal in the charging loop is detected, the second response signal comprises a second direct current impedance characteristic, and the second direct current impedance characteristic is applied in the diagnosis module and the power execution module; The timing injection method comprises injecting the second detection signal in a PWM signal blanking period of the charging communication protocol.

4. The adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols of claim 3, wherein: The method comprises: Historical charging datasets under different protocols are acquired, and direct current impedance characteristics in the historical charging datasets , charging currents , charging voltages , charging times , and battery temperature data are input into a mathematical analysis model, which establishes a first correlation between the charging voltages and the charging currents at the charging terminals and a second correlation between the charging voltages , the charging currents , and the direct current impedance characteristics at the charging terminals.

5. The adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols of claim 1, wherein: The judgment method comprises: ； representing different warning situations, The specific values are output by the judging method according to the warning level.

6. The adaptive control system compatible with multiple charging protocols of claim 5, wherein: The hierarchical early warning comprises: If the specific value of the direct current impedance characteristic does not exceed the numerical threshold value, and the change trend of the direct current impedance characteristic does not exceed the trend threshold value, the early warning is not triggered, the output value is 1. if the specific value of the direct current impedance characteristic does not exceed the corresponding numerical threshold value, and the variation trend of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold value, a first-level early warning is triggered, the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output value of the output if the specific value of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, and the variation trend of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, a first-level warning is triggered, the output value of the function is 3; If the specific value of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the corresponding value threshold, and the variation trend of the direct current impedance characteristic exceeds the trend threshold, a third-level early warning is triggered, The output value of the output value is 4.

7. A multi-charging protocol compatible charging gun, which adopts the multi-charging protocol compatible adaptive control system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The charging gun comprises: Charging port: for applying a charging voltage to the vehicle battery and a charging current ; Current voltage control device: receives a multi-stage charging strategy, controls the charging voltage at the charging port based on the accepted voltage and current of the charging gun and charging current to conform to the voltage value and current value in the multi-stage charging strategy.

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