Edible mushroom culture medium and edible mushroom cultivation method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to an edible mushroom culture medium and an edible mushroom cultivation method. The edible mushroom culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of Tribulus terrestris L. hard thorn enzymatic product, 20-25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12-15 parts of corn cob powder, 5-7 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1 part of quicklime, and the water content is 65-70%. The present application is characterized in that the discarded Tribulus terrestris L. hard thorn residues are pulverized and then subjected to compound enzymatic hydrolysis, which not only releases a large amount of soluble sugars, but also retains the specific bioactive substances of Tribulus terrestris L., and in the case of providing sufficient lignin source, the substrate fertility is also enhanced, the metabolic activity of edible mushroom mycelium is significantly enhanced, the utilization rate of nutrients in the culture medium by edible mushrooms is improved, the waste utilization of Tribulus terrestris L. hard thorn residues is realized, resource waste is avoided, and sustainable development is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, and particularly relates to an edible fungi culture medium and a method for cultivating edible fungi. Background Technology

[0002] Tribulus terrestris, a medicinal plant widely distributed in temperate regions, contains a large amount of flavonoids and saponins. Its dried, mature fruit is often used in traditional medicine to soothe the liver, relieve depression, promote blood circulation, and dispel wind. When processing Tribulus terrestris, it is often necessary to remove its hard thorns. However, the hard thorn residue left after processing is hard in texture and high in cellulose content, and has long been regarded as agricultural waste. Most of it is disposed of by incineration or landfill, resulting in resource waste. Tribulus terrestris contains a large amount of unique flavonoids and saponins, which can enhance substrate fertility while providing sufficient lignin sources. If these hard thorn residues can be used for the cultivation of edible fungi, it can achieve sustainable resource development and promote the growth of edible fungi. Therefore, using the hard thorn residues of Tribulus terrestris to cultivate edible fungi can expand the field of edible fungi cultivation technology.

[0003] Edible fungi are popular among consumers due to their delicious taste and rich nutrition, and are widely cultivated. However, conventional substrates, mainly composed of sawdust, are often used in their cultivation. In the later stages of mycelial growth, the substrate tends to become dense, hindering oxygen diffusion and mycelial extension. This forces producers to manually turn the bags to loosen the substrate. This operation not only increases labor costs, but the force and uniformity of manual turning cannot be well controlled, which can easily cause mycelial breakage and prevent the nutrients from being fully and evenly distributed. Even after manual turning, the utilization rate of nutrients is still low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this invention presents a culture medium and cultivation method for edible fungi. By preparing a culture medium primarily composed of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue and introducing magnetic wheat bran under an alternating magnetic field to replace manual bag turning, the waste of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue is resolved. Simultaneously, the utilization rate of nutrients by mycelium is improved, promoting the growth of edible fungi and resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0005] An edible fungus culture medium, by weight, comprises the following components: 25-30 parts of enzymatic hydrolysate of Tribulus terrestris, 20-25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12-15 parts of corn cob powder, 5-7 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 part of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1 part of quicklime, with a moisture content of 65-70%.

[0006] A method for preparing a culture medium for edible fungi includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Enzymatic treatment of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue

[0008] After grinding the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder, it was mixed with water, Tween-80 was added and stirred evenly, and then cellulase, xylanase and β-glucosidase were added. The pH and temperature were adjusted and the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out by shaking to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis product of Tribulus terrestris thorns.

[0009] S2: Preparation of magnetic wheat bran

[0010] Wheat bran and water were mixed, heated and stirred to obtain a wheat bran solution. Then, FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O were added under a nitrogen atmosphere, while ammonia was slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH. The reaction was then heated and stirred to obtain a reaction solution. The solid products in the reaction solution were magnetically separated, washed and dried to constant weight to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

[0011] S3: Composite substrate for edible fungi cultivation

[0012] Mix 25-30 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysis product, 20-25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12-15 parts of corn cob powder, 5-7 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1 parts of quicklime evenly, keep warm at 35-40℃ for 2-2.5 hours, and control the moisture content to 65-70% to obtain edible fungi culture medium.

[0013] Furthermore, the enzymatic treatment of the Tribulus terrestris thorn residue in step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] S1.1: Grind the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder and pass it through a 30-40 mesh to obtain Tribulus terrestris thorn powder. Mix the Tribulus terrestris thorn powder with water at a mass ratio of 1:(8-10), add 0.1-0.15wt% of Tween-80 and stir evenly to obtain pre-enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0015] S1.2: Add cellulase, xylanase and β-glucosidase to the pre-hydrolysate and mix well. Add acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.8-5, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 45-50℃ and 120-150rpm for 8-12 hours to obtain the hydrolysate of Tribulus terrestris thorns.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation of magnetic wheat bran in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S2.1: Mix wheat bran and water in a mass ratio of 1:(25-30) in a container and stir for 15-20 minutes at 70-75℃ and 400-500rpm to obtain a wheat bran solution;

[0018] S2.2: Place the wheat bran solution under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.4-0.5wt% FeCl3·6H2O and 0.2-0.25wt% FeCl2·4H2O, and slowly add ammonia water dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction at 70-75℃ and 300-350rpm for 3-4 hours to obtain the reaction solution.

[0019] S2.3: Use a strong magnet to magnetically separate the solid products in the reaction solution, then wash them 3-4 times alternately with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water, and vacuum dry them to constant weight at 50-55℃ to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

[0020] A method for cultivating edible fungi, using the above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium, includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Sterilize the edible mushroom culture medium by packing it into bags. The bag height should be 12-15cm, and the compaction density should be 0.35-0.4g / cm³. 3 edible mushroom culture bags were obtained;

[0022] Step 2: Then, inoculate the edible fungi spawn into the edible fungi cultivation bags at an inoculation rate of 5-7%, seal the bags, and place them on the cultivation rack. Control the ambient temperature at 20-24℃ and the humidity at 70-75%. Install alternating magnetic field devices on both sides of the cultivation rack. During the first week of cultivation, turn on the alternating magnetic field devices once every two days at noon. After one week, turn on the alternating magnetic field devices once in the morning and once in the evening every three days. Continue to cultivate until the mycelium fills the bags.

[0023] Step 3: Transfer the bag full of mycelium into the mushroom house for mulching. The mulching material is peat moss, and the mulch thickness is 2-3cm. Then spray enough water to keep the soil moist. Harvest after the edible fungi mature. Harvest a total of 3 flushes.

[0024] Further, in step S1.2, cellulase accounts for 0.25-0.35% of the mass of Tribulus terrestris powder in the pre-enzymatic hydrolysate, xylanase accounts for 0.2-0.3%, and β-glucosidase accounts for 0.15-0.25%.

[0025] Furthermore, after slowly adding ammonia water in step S2.2, the pH value of the reaction system is 10-12.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, the bag sterilization temperature is 121℃ and the time is 15-20 minutes.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 2, the magnetic field strength during the first week of cultivation is 20-30 mT, the frequency is 1-1.5 Hz, and the on-time is 8-10 min. After one week, the magnetic field strength is 80-100 mT, the frequency is 0.5-1 Hz, and the on-time is 15-20 min.

[0028] Furthermore, the edible fungi in step 2 are shiitake mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, or oyster mushrooms.

[0029] Furthermore, the peat soil in step 3 is forest peat soil that has been sun-dried for 2-3 days and has had its grass roots removed.

[0030] The beneficial effects are as follows: 1. This invention involves pulverizing the waste Tribulus terrestris thorn residue and then performing compound enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. Its dense fibrous structure is efficiently degraded into small molecule nutrients. The synergistic effect of cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase not only releases a large amount of soluble sugars but also retains the unique bioactive substances of Tribulus terrestris. While providing sufficient lignin sources, it can also enhance substrate fertility, significantly enhance the metabolic activity of edible fungi mycelia, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients in the culture medium by edible fungi. Furthermore, the flavonoids, saponins, and other effective components in the Tribulus terrestris thorn residue can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and reduce the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria during mycelial culture. At the same time, it can realize the utilization of waste Tribulus terrestris thorn residue, avoid resource waste, and achieve sustainable development.

[0031] 2. This invention first introduces magnetic components into the culture medium and applies a short-term high-frequency magnetic field during the mycelial colonization stage. This loosens the gaps between substrate particles through micro-vibration, accelerating the extension of mycelial tips while avoiding mechanical damage to the mycelia. After one week, when the mycelial network is formed, the magnetic field strength and duration are increased, creating a microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis phenomenon in the culture medium. The nano-magnetic particles are rapidly pushed from one side to the other in the alternating magnetic field, ensuring that the nutrients in the culture medium are fully and evenly mixed. This allows the mycelia to better and more evenly absorb and utilize the nutrients, promoting the growth of edible fungi and resulting in high economic benefits.

[0032] 3. This invention uses a chemical co-precipitation method to tightly combine magnetic particles (Fe3O4) with the organic substrate (wheat bran). This not only improves the dispersibility of the magnetic particles in the culture medium, but also, under the action of an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic carrier generates micron-level vibrations, which can better promote the continuous release of adsorbed nutrients to the mycelium, achieving uniform fertilization and promoting the growth of edible fungi. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] An edible fungus culture medium, by weight, comprises the following components: 25 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysate, 20 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12 parts of corn cob powder, 5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5 parts of quicklime, with a moisture content of 65%.

[0036] A method for preparing a culture medium for edible fungi, specifically including the following steps:

[0037] S1: Enzymatic treatment of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue

[0038] S1.1: Grind the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder and pass it through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain Tribulus terrestris thorn powder. Mix the Tribulus terrestris thorn powder with water at a mass ratio of 1:8, add 0.1wt% Tween-80 and stir evenly to obtain pre-enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0039] S1.2: Add 0.25% (by weight of Tribulus terrestris thorn powder) of cellulase, 0.2% (by weight of xylanase) and 0.15% (by weight of β-glucosidase) of cellulase to the pre-hydrolysate and mix well. Add acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.8, and then hydrolyze by shaking at 45℃ and 120 rpm for 8 hours to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate of Tribulus terrestris thorn.

[0040] S2: Preparation of magnetic wheat bran

[0041] S2.1: Mix wheat bran and water at a mass ratio of 1:25 in a container and stir for 15 minutes at 70°C and 400 rpm to obtain a wheat bran solution;

[0042] S2.2: Place the wheat bran solution under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.4wt% FeCl3·6H2O and 0.2wt% FeCl2·4H2O, and slowly add ammonia water dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction at 70℃ and 300rpm for 3h to obtain the reaction solution.

[0043] S2.3: The solid products in the reaction solution are magnetically separated using a strong magnet, then washed three times alternately with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water, and dried under vacuum at 50°C to constant weight to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

[0044] S3: Composite substrate for edible fungi cultivation

[0045] 25 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysis product, 20 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12 parts of corn cob powder, 5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5 parts of quicklime were mixed evenly and kept at 35℃ for 2 hours, with the moisture content controlled at 65%, to obtain the edible fungus culture medium.

[0046] A method for cultivating edible fungi, using the above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium, includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Sterilize the edible mushroom culture medium in bags at a temperature of 121℃ for 15 minutes. Each bag should have a dry weight of 1 kg, a bag height of 12 cm, and a compaction density of 0.35 g / cm³. 3 edible mushroom culture bags were obtained;

[0048] Step 2: Then, inoculate the oyster mushroom spawn into the edible mushroom cultivation bag at an inoculation rate of 5%, seal the bag, and place it on the cultivation rack. Control the ambient temperature at 20℃ and the humidity at 70%. Install an alternating magnetic field device on both sides of the cultivation rack. During the first week of cultivation, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every two days at noon, with a magnetic field strength of 20mT, a frequency of 1Hz, and a duration of 8min. After one week, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every three days, in the morning and evening, with a magnetic field strength of 80mT, a frequency of 0.5Hz, and a duration of 15min. Then continue to cultivate until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0049] Step 3: Transfer the full bag of mycelium into the mushroom house for soil covering and cultivation. The soil covering material is forest peat soil that has been exposed to the sun for 2 days and has had grass roots removed. The soil covering thickness is 2cm. Then spray enough water to keep the soil moist. Harvest after the edible fungi mature. Harvest a total of 3 flushes. The cultivation method of edible fungi is recorded as Example 1.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] An edible fungus culture medium, by weight, comprises the following components: 27 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysate, 23 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 12 parts of cottonseed hulls, 13 parts of corn cob powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 0.8 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.8 parts of quicklime, with a moisture content of 68%.

[0052] A method for preparing a culture medium for edible fungi, specifically including the following steps:

[0053] S1: Enzymatic treatment of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue

[0054] S1.1: Grind the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder and pass it through a 35-mesh sieve to obtain Tribulus terrestris thorn powder. Mix the Tribulus terrestris thorn powder with water at a mass ratio of 1:9, add 0.12wt% of Tween-80 and stir evenly to obtain pre-enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0055] S1.2: Add 0.3% (by weight of Tribulus terrestris thorn powder) of cellulase, 0.25% (by weight of xylanase) and 0.2% (by weight of β-glucosidase) of cellulase to the pre-hydrolysate and mix well. Add acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.9, and then hydrolyze the mixture at 48℃ and 135 rpm for 10 h with shaking to obtain the Tribulus terrestris thorn hydrolysate.

[0056] S2: Preparation of magnetic wheat bran

[0057] S2.1: Mix wheat bran and water at a mass ratio of 1:28 in a container and stir at 72℃ and 450rpm for 18 minutes to obtain a wheat bran solution;

[0058] S2.2: Place the wheat bran solution under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.45wt% FeCl3·6H2O and 0.23wt% FeCl2·4H2O, and slowly add ammonia water dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction at 73℃ and 325rpm for 3.5h to obtain the reaction solution.

[0059] S2.3: The solid products in the reaction solution are magnetically separated using a strong magnet, then washed three times alternately with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water, and dried under vacuum at 53°C to constant weight to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

[0060] S3: Composite substrate for edible fungi cultivation

[0061] 27 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysis product, 23 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 12 parts of cottonseed hulls, 13 parts of corn cob powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 0.8 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.8 parts of quicklime were mixed evenly and kept at 38℃ for 2 hours, with the moisture content controlled at 68%, to obtain the edible fungus culture medium.

[0062] A method for cultivating edible fungi, using the above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium, includes the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Sterilize the edible mushroom culture medium in bags at a temperature of 121℃ for 18 minutes. Each bag should have a dry weight of 1 kg, a bag height of 13 cm, and a compaction density of 0.38 g / cm³. 3 edible mushroom culture bags were obtained;

[0064] Step 2: Then, inoculate the oyster mushroom spawn into the edible mushroom cultivation bag at an inoculation rate of 6%, seal the bag, and place it on the cultivation rack. Control the ambient temperature at 22℃ and the humidity at 73%. Install an alternating magnetic field device on both sides of the cultivation rack. During the first week of cultivation, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every two days at noon, with a magnetic field strength of 25mT, a frequency of 1.3Hz, and a duration of 9min. After one week, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every three days, in the morning and evening, with a magnetic field strength of 90mT, a frequency of 0.7Hz, and a duration of 18min. Then continue to cultivate until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0065] Step 3: Transfer the full bag of mycelium into the mushroom house for soil covering and cultivation. The soil covering material is forest peat soil that has been exposed to the sun for 3 days and has had grass roots removed. The soil covering thickness is 3cm. Then spray enough water to keep the soil moist. Harvest after the edible fungi mature. Harvest a total of 3 flushes. The cultivation method of edible fungi is recorded as Example 2.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] An edible fungus culture medium, by weight, comprises the following components: 30 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysate, 25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15 parts of corn cob powder, 7 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of light calcium carbonate and 1 part of quicklime, with a moisture content of 70%.

[0068] A method for preparing a culture medium for edible fungi, specifically including the following steps:

[0069] S1: Enzymatic treatment of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue

[0070] S1.1: Grind the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder and pass it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Tribulus terrestris thorn powder. Mix the Tribulus terrestris thorn powder with water at a mass ratio of 1:10, add 0.15wt% Tween-80 and stir evenly to obtain pre-enzymatic hydrolysate.

[0071] S1.2: Add 0.35% (by weight of Tribulus terrestris thorn powder) of cellulase, 0.3% (by weight of xylanase) and 0.25% (by weight of β-glucosidase) of cellulase to the pre-hydrolysate and mix well. Add acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5, and then hydrolyze the mixture at 50℃ and 150 rpm for 12 h to obtain the Tribulus terrestris thorn hydrolysate.

[0072] S2: Preparation of magnetic wheat bran

[0073] S2.1: Mix wheat bran and water at a mass ratio of 1:30 in a container and stir at 75°C and 500 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a wheat bran solution;

[0074] S2.2: Place the wheat bran solution under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5wt% FeCl3·6H2O and 0.25wt% FeCl2·4H2O, and slowly add ammonia water dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction at 75℃ and 350rpm for 4h to obtain the reaction solution.

[0075] S2.3: The solid products in the reaction solution are magnetically separated using a strong magnet, then washed four times alternately with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water, and dried under vacuum at 55°C to constant weight to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

[0076] S3: Composite substrate for edible fungi cultivation

[0077] 30 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysis product, 25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15 parts of corn cob powder, 7 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of light calcium carbonate and 1 part of quicklime were mixed evenly and kept at 40℃ for 2.5 hours, with the moisture content controlled at 70%, to obtain edible fungi culture medium.

[0078] A method for cultivating edible fungi, using the above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium, includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Sterilize the edible mushroom culture medium in bags at 121℃ for 20 minutes. Each bag should have a dry weight of 1 kg, a bag height of 15 cm, and a compaction density of 0.4 g / cm³. 3 edible mushroom culture bags were obtained;

[0080] Step 2: Then, inoculate the oyster mushroom spawn into the edible mushroom cultivation bag at an inoculation rate of 7%, seal the bag, and place it on the cultivation rack. Control the ambient temperature at 24℃ and the humidity at 75%. Install an alternating magnetic field device on both sides of the cultivation rack. During the first week of cultivation, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every two days at noon, with a magnetic field strength of 30mT, a frequency of 1.5Hz, and a duration of 10min. After one week, turn on the alternating magnetic field device once every three days, in the morning and evening, with a magnetic field strength of 100mT, a frequency of 1Hz, and a duration of 20min. Then continue to cultivate until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0081] Step 3: Transfer the full bag of mycelium into the mushroom house for soil covering and cultivation. The soil covering material is forest peat soil that has been exposed to the sun for 3 days and has had grass roots removed. The soil covering thickness is 3cm. Then spray enough water to keep the soil moist. Harvest after the edible fungi mature. Harvest a total of 3 flushes. The cultivation method of edible fungi is recorded as Example 3.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] The enzymatic hydrolysis product of Tribulus terrestris in step S3 was replaced with an equal mass of pine sawdust. The formula of the remaining edible fungi culture medium and the cultivation method of edible fungi were the same as in Example 1. The cultivation method of edible fungi is referred to as Comparative Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] In step S3, the magnetic wheat bran was replaced with wheat bran accounting for 95% of the mass of the magnetic wheat bran and 5% of iron tetroxide. The remaining formula of the edible fungus culture medium and the cultivation method of the edible fungus were the same as in Example 1. The cultivation method of the edible fungus was recorded as Comparative Example 2.

[0086] Comparative Example 3

[0087] Step 2 involves inoculating the edible fungi into the edible fungi culture bags and then performing routine cultivation and bag turning operations. The cultivation methods for the remaining edible fungi are the same as in Example 1, and this is referred to as Comparative Example 3.

[0088] Observe the growth of mycelium in full bags in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the differences in the size of the oyster mushrooms. At the same time, calculate the yield per bag = total fresh weight of oyster mushrooms / number of bags with full mycelium. Calculate the rate of contamination by microscopy. Take full bag mycelium samples and observe the area of ​​contamination and the area of ​​cultured mycelium. The rate of contamination by microscopy = area of ​​contamination / (area of ​​contamination + area of ​​cultured mycelium). Calculate the biological conversion rate = (total fresh weight of oyster mushrooms / total dry weight of cultivation substrate) × 100%. Three parallel tests were conducted, and the average value of each test result is shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1: Growth Indicators of Oyster Mushrooms

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from the data in Example 1 in Table 1, when oyster mushrooms are cultivated using the edible mushroom culture medium and cultivation method prepared in this invention, the mycelium of oyster mushrooms grows well, the fruiting bodies are of uniform size, the biological conversion rate is high, and the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria is low. This indicates that the mycelium has good metabolic activity, the nutrient components are evenly distributed and utilized, and the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria is low. Furthermore, as can be seen from the data in Comparative Examples 1-3, replacing the enzymatic hydrolysis product of Tribulus terrestris with pine sawdust and using conventional cultivation methods instead of the cultivation method of this invention both lead to a decrease in mycelial metabolic activity and nutrient utilization rate, and an increase in the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria. This proves that the enzymatic hydrolysis of Tribulus terrestris residue can enhance substrate fertility, improve mycelial activity, and thus improve nutrient utilization rate. At the same time, it can inhibit harmful miscellaneous bacteria. By introducing magnetic components into the culture medium and treating it with an alternating magnetic field during cultivation, the nutrients in the culture medium can be fully mixed evenly, thereby allowing the mycelium to absorb and utilize nutrients better and more evenly, promoting mycelial growth.

[0092] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate for cultivating edible fungi, characterized in that, By weight, it comprises the following components: 25-30 parts enzymatic hydrolysate of Tribulus terrestris thorns, 20-25 parts magnetic wheat bran, 10-15 parts cottonseed hulls, 12-15 parts corn cob powder, 5-7 parts soybean meal, 0.5-1 part light calcium carbonate, and 0.5-1 part quicklime, with a moisture content of 65-70%. The method for preparing the edible fungi culture medium includes the following steps: S1: Enzymatic treatment of Tribulus terrestris thorn residue After grinding the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder, it was mixed with water, Tween-80 was added and stirred evenly, and then cellulase, xylanase and β-glucosidase were added. The pH and temperature were adjusted and the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out by shaking to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis product of Tribulus terrestris thorns. S2: Preparation of magnetic wheat bran Wheat bran and water were mixed, heated and stirred to obtain a wheat bran solution. Then, FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O were added under a nitrogen atmosphere, while ammonia was slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH. The reaction was then heated and stirred to obtain a reaction solution. The solid products in the reaction solution were magnetically separated, washed and dried to constant weight to obtain magnetic wheat bran. S3: Composite substrate for edible fungi cultivation Mix 25-30 parts of Tribulus terrestris enzymatic hydrolysis product, 20-25 parts of magnetic wheat bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12-15 parts of corn cob powder, 5-7 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1 parts of quicklime evenly, keep warm at 35-40℃ for 2-2.5 hours, and control the moisture content to 65-70% to obtain edible fungi culture medium.

2. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes step S1, enzyme treatment of the Tribulus terrestris thorn residue, which specifically includes the following steps: S1.1: Grind the residue of Tribulus terrestris thorns into powder and pass it through a 30-40 mesh to obtain Tribulus terrestris thorn powder. Mix the Tribulus terrestris thorn powder with water at a mass ratio of 1:(8-10), add 0.1-0.15wt% of Tween-80 and stir evenly to obtain pre-enzymatic hydrolysate. S1.2: Add cellulase, xylanase and β-glucosidase to the pre-hydrolysate. Mix thoroughly, add acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.8-5, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 45-50℃ and 120-150rpm for 8-12 hours to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis product of Tribulus terrestris thorns.

3. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes step S2, the preparation of magnetic wheat bran, which specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Mix wheat bran and water in a mass ratio of 1:(25-30) in a container and stir for 15-20 minutes at 70-75℃ and 400-500rpm to obtain a wheat bran solution; S2.2: Place the wheat bran solution under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.4-0.5wt% FeCl3·6H2O and 0.2-0.25wt% FeCl2·4H2O, and slowly add ammonia water dropwise. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction at 70-75℃ and 300-350rpm for 3-4 hours to obtain the reaction solution. S2.3: Use a strong magnet to magnetically separate the solid products in the reaction solution, then wash them 3-4 times alternately with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water, and vacuum dry them to constant weight at 50-55℃ to obtain magnetic wheat bran.

4. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1.2 of the preparation method, cellulase accounts for 0.25-0.35% of the mass of Tribulus terrestris powder in the pre-enzymatic hydrolysate, xylanase accounts for 0.2-0.3%, and β-glucosidase accounts for 0.15-0.25%.

5. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the preparation method, after slowly adding ammonia water in step S2.2, the pH value of the reaction system is 10-12.

6. A method for cultivating edible fungi, characterized in that, The cultivation method using the edible fungi culture medium according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: Step 1: Sterilize the edible mushroom culture medium by packing it into bags. The bag height should be 12-15cm, and the compaction density should be 0.35-0.4g / cm³. 3 edible mushroom culture bags were obtained; Step 2: Then, inoculate the edible fungi spawn into the edible fungi cultivation bags at an inoculation rate of 5-7%, seal the bags, and place them on the cultivation rack. Control the ambient temperature at 20-24℃ and the humidity at 70-75%. Install alternating magnetic field devices on both sides of the cultivation rack. During the first week of cultivation, turn on the alternating magnetic field devices once every two days at noon. After one week, turn on the alternating magnetic field devices once in the morning and once in the evening every three days. Continue to cultivate until the mycelium fills the bags. Step 3: Transfer the full bag of mycelium into the mushroom house for mulching. The mulching material is peat moss, and the mulch thickness is 2-3cm. Then spray water to keep the soil moist. Harvest after the edible fungi mature. Harvest a total of 3 flushes.

7. The method for cultivating edible fungi according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 1, the bag sterilization temperature is 121℃ and the time is 15-20 minutes.

8. The method for cultivating edible fungi according to claim 6, characterized in that, The edible fungi in step 2 are shiitake mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, or oyster mushrooms.

9. A method for cultivating edible fungi according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the magnetic field strength during the first week of cultivation is 20-30 mT, the frequency is 1-1.5 Hz, and the on-time is 8-10 min. After one week, the magnetic field strength is 80-100 mT, the frequency is 0.5-1 Hz, and the on-time is 15-20 min.

10. A method for cultivating edible fungi according to claim 6, characterized in that, The peat moss in step 3 is forest peat moss that has been sun-dried for 2-3 days and has had its grass roots removed.

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