Cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish breeding

Abstract

The invention discloses a cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish breeding, and relates to the technical field of ecological engineering, and the method comprises the steps: firstly constructing a three-dimensional hydrological model of a cascade reservoir group, and determining a key scheduling window period according to the water temperature, the spawning flow rate and the water rising amplitude threshold value of fish breeding; monitoring fish behavior parameters by using sonar in a window period, and synchronously acquiring hydraulic parameters; performing coupling analysis to generate a scheduling instruction; through cooperative control of multiple stages of gates, incremental trapezoidal flow waves are formed within 72 hours, and the amplification is 15%-25% per hour; a particle tracking model is used for correcting flow; establishing a three-dimensional feedback mechanism to maintain the dissolved oxygen saturation not less than 85%; and finally quantifying the propagation success rate by using environmental DNA. According to the method, a scheduling window period is determined by constructing a cascade reservoir group three-dimensional hydrological model, and oviposition behaviors and hydraulic parameters are monitored in real time and a pulse type instruction is generated in combination with a fish breeding biological threshold value; meanwhile, through pulse flow regulation and control, roe transport guarantee, three-dimensional environment feedback and environment DNA evaluation, a whole-process guarantee system is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological engineering technology, specifically to a cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish reproduction. Background Technology

[0002] Cascade reservoirs play an important role in flood control, power generation, and water supply. However, the scheduling and operation of reservoir groups often alter the natural hydrological rhythm, which leads to the destruction of key ecological conditions such as water temperature, flow velocity, and water level fluctuations required for fish reproduction, thereby affecting the survival of fish populations.

[0003] Current cascade reservoir management focuses primarily on engineering benefits, neglecting the ecological needs of fish reproduction. On one hand, it lacks precise timing window determination based on fish biological thresholds (such as breeding water temperature, spawning flow velocity, and water level rise), making it difficult to match critical breeding periods. On the other hand, it lacks dynamic correlation analysis between fish spawning behavior and hydraulic parameters, and flow regulation is mostly based on a single mode, failing to create pulsed flow patterns consistent with fish breeding habits. Furthermore, it lacks systematic design in areas such as ensuring egg transport, maintaining the synergistic effects of environmental factors like spawning ground temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, and scientifically quantifying breeding effectiveness, resulting in low fish breeding success rates. Therefore, a cascade reservoir ecological management method that balances engineering management with ecological protection and can precisely match the needs of fish reproduction is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method to promote fish reproduction. This invention determines the scheduling window period by constructing a three-dimensional hydrological model of the cascade reservoir group, combines the biological threshold of fish reproduction, monitors spawning behavior and hydraulic parameters in real time and generates pulse commands to accurately match their ecological needs; at the same time, through pulse flow regulation, fish egg transfer guarantee, three-dimensional environmental feedback and environmental DNA assessment, a full-process guarantee system is formed to improve the reproductive efficiency.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On one hand, a method for ecological regulation of cascade reservoirs to promote fish reproduction, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Construct a three-dimensional hydrological environment model of the cascade reservoir group, based on the target fish's reproductive water temperature threshold T. min -T max (Unit: °C), Spawning Flow Velocity Threshold V spawn (Unit: m / s), Critical value of flood rise ΔH critical (Unit: m) Determine the critical scheduling window period, and monitor and maintain dissolved oxygen saturation synchronously during the window period;

[0007] S2. During the critical scheduling window, the behavioral characteristic parameter set Φ={I} of the spawning population is monitored in real time using a 128-element phased array sonar array. s F z ,Δt}, where I s The aggregation intensity index (dimensionless), F z The vertical migration frequency (unit: times / hour) and Δt (unit: seconds) are used to simultaneously collect river hydraulic parameters using an acoustic Doppler current profiler.

[0008] S3. Based on the coupled analysis of behavioral characteristic parameter set Φ and hydraulic parameters, a pulse-type ecological scheduling instruction set is generated;

[0009] S4. A multi-stage reservoir gate coordinated control algorithm is adopted to form a continuously increasing trapezoidal flow wave within 72 hours, with the flow increase controlled at 15%-25% per hour.

[0010] S5. Dynamically adjust the discharge flow rate using a Lagrange particle tracking model to ensure that the fish egg transport distance is not less than 50 kilometers;

[0011] S6. Establish a three-dimensional feedback mechanism of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity to maintain the dissolved oxygen saturation in the spawning grounds at no less than 85%;

[0012] S7. After the scheduling is completed, the reproduction success rate η (unit: %) is quantified by environmental DNA technology to generate a scheduling efficiency evaluation matrix.

[0013] Furthermore, step S1 includes:

[0014] S11. Extract the biological threshold parameters of the target fish during the breeding season, where T min =16±0.5℃,

[0015] T max =24±0.5℃, V spawn =0.8±0.1m / s, ΔH critical =1.2±0.2m;

[0016] S12. Construct a three-dimensional water temperature field model of the watershed and solve the heat conduction equation:

[0017] Where k t ρ is the thermal conductivity of water (unit: W / (m·K)), and ρ is the density of water (unit: kg / m³). 3 ), c p Q is the specific heat capacity of water (unit: J / (kg·K)). sun Q represents solar radiation heat flux (unit: W / m²). turb Turbulent heat exchange capacity of the water turbine (unit: W / m) 3);

[0018] S13. Fitting a function to determine the spawning window based on historical hydrological data:

[0019]

[0020] The scheduler is activated when the integral value W≥85, where the weight coefficients α=0.6±0.05, β=0.3±0.05, and γ=0.1±0.02.

[0021] Furthermore, the behavioral feature monitoring in step S2 must simultaneously satisfy the following:

[0022] I s ≥0.7;

[0023] F z ≥3 times / hour;

[0024] Δt≤15 seconds; when all three parameters remain at the target level for more than 2 hours, it is determined that the spawning outbreak period has begun.

[0025] Furthermore, the pulse-based scheduling instruction set generation method in step S3 includes:

[0026] S31. Calculate the basic pulse flow rate Q base (Unit: m) 3 / s):

[0027] Where A spawn Historical spawning ground area (unit: m²) 2 The response coefficients are k1 = 0.8 ± 0.1 and k2 = 1.2 ± 0.2.

[0028] S32. Designing a trapezoidal flow waveform includes the following three stages:

[0029] Gradual increase phase: Traffic from Q base The linear increase reached (1.8±0.2)×Q base Duration t rise =6 ± 0.5 hours;

[0030] Plateau phase: Maintain (1.8±0.2)×Q base Duration t plateau = 48±2 hours, during which the superimposed amplitude is ≤5%Q base The sinusoidal fluctuations (frequency 0.1-0.2Hz) simulate the turbulence spectrum of a natural flood peak;

[0031] Gradual reduction phase: Traffic drops to Q base Duration t fall =18±1 hours;

[0032] S33, Based on fish egg density ρ egg =1050±50kg / m 3 Set the surface velocity band: Where d egg C represents the diameter of the fish eggs (in mm). d ρ is the fluid drag coefficient (dimensionless). w Water density (unit: kg / m³) 3 ).

[0033] Furthermore, the method for ensuring the safety of fish eggs during drifting in step S5 includes:

[0034] S51. Simulation of egg seedling movement trajectory based on Lagrange particle tracking model:

[0035] in The time-averaged velocity vector (unit: m / s) The velocity vector for turbulent diffusion (unit: m / s) The velocity vector under the influence of buoyancy (unit: m / s);

[0036] S52. Establish the gate opening-discharge flow response equation:

[0037] Q out = K·θ+C where K is the gate flow coefficient (unit: m3 / (s·°)), θ is the gate opening (unit: °), and C is the river base flow (unit: m 3 / s);

[0038] S53. When the egg seedling settling rate is detected to be >5% / km, the jet pump set auxiliary water flow boosting system is activated, and the jet velocity V jet = (1.3 ± 0.2) × V surface .

[0039] Furthermore, the three-dimensional feedback mechanism in step S6 includes:

[0040] Water temperature control: The water intake depth is adjusted by using stratified water intake towers to maintain the spawning ground temperature at T = 20 ± 1℃;

[0041] Dissolved oxygen protection: A ring-shaped nano-aeration belt (diameter D = 65 ± 15 m) is arranged at the tail of the reservoir to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration DO ≥ 6 mg / L;

[0042] Turbidity control: The suspended solids concentration (SS) is kept ≤50mg / L by utilizing the pre-settling zone.

[0043] Furthermore, the performance evaluation method in step S7 includes:

[0044] S71, 100m sample collected on the 7th day after scheduling.3 Environmental DNA was extracted from water samples;

[0045] S72. Quantitative analysis of copy number N of fish egg-specific gene markers using qPCR technology. dna (Unit: copies / m) 3 );

[0046] S73. Calculate the reproductive success rate index:

[0047] Where V flow The total volume of water in the flow zone (unit: m3), t spawn The duration of spawning (in hours).

[0048] Secondly, a cascade reservoir ecological regulation system to promote fish reproduction, the system comprising:

[0049] Hydrological environment sensing layer: includes meteorological satellite data receiving unit, underwater autonomous vehicle cluster, and multi-parameter water quality monitoring buoy network;

[0050] Biological behavior recognition layer: integrates acoustic tag tracking system, infrared underwater camera array, and distributed environmental DNA sampler;

[0051] Decision control layer: Deploys an ecological scheduling decision engine to perform real-time matching calculations of hydraulic parameters and fish behavioral characteristics, and outputs pulse scheduling schemes to the gate linkage control unit;

[0052] Effect evaluation layer: includes an online monitoring unit for fish egg throughput and a high-throughput gene analysis platform.

[0053] Furthermore, the decision control layer is configured with a three-level emergency response module:

[0054] When the algal bloom index is ≥40, the emergency water replenishment procedure for submerged vegetation areas will be automatically activated (response time <30 minutes);

[0055] When the rate of sudden drop in dissolved oxygen concentration is ≥2 mg / (L·h), the distributed nano-aeration device is activated (response time <5 minutes).

[0056] When the fish egg retention rate is >30%, a lateral water flow induction scheme is generated and the jet pump group is started (response time <15 minutes).

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, this cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] I. This invention determines key scheduling windows by constructing a three-dimensional hydrological environment model of a cascade reservoir group. It combines biological threshold parameters such as water temperature, flow velocity, and water level rise during fish reproduction with a coupling analysis of real-time monitoring of fish spawning behavior characteristics and hydraulic parameters to generate targeted pulse-type scheduling instructions. This can accurately match the ecological needs of fish reproduction and improve the targeting of scheduling.

[0059] Second, this invention forms a comprehensive support system covering fish spawning, egg transfer, and reproduction assessment by means of pulsed flow regulation (forming a continuously increasing trapezoidal flow wave), ensuring fish egg transport distance (dynamic correction using a Lagrange particle tracking model), maintaining the spawning ground environment through a three-dimensional feedback mechanism of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, and quantifying the reproduction success rate using environmental DNA technology after scheduling. This system comprehensively improves the reproductive effectiveness.

[0060] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0062] Figure 1 A flowchart of a cascade reservoir ecological management method to promote fish reproduction;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a cascade reservoir ecological scheduling system to promote fish reproduction. Detailed Implementation

[0064] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0065] Example:

[0066] (I) Step S1: Determining the critical scheduling window

[0067] 1.1 Extraction of biological threshold parameters

[0068] Through laboratory domestication and field monitoring (2019-2023, sample size n=420), the core biological thresholds of the target fish during the breeding season were determined:

[0069] T min =16±0.5℃ (actual measurement range 15.6~16.4℃), T max =24±0.5℃ (actual measurement range 23.6~24.5℃);

[0070] Spawning flow velocity threshold: V spawn =0.8±0.1m / s (measured range 0.72~0.89m / s);

[0071] Critical value of water level rise: ΔH critical =1.2±0.2m (actual measurement range 1.05~1.38m).

[0072] 1.2 Construction of Three-Dimensional Water Temperature Field Model and Solution of Heat Conduction Equation

[0073] The watershed temperature field was constructed using a three-dimensional FVCOM hydrodynamic model. The model mesh resolution was 30m × 30m × 1m (horizontal × vertical), and the time step was 30 minutes. The core heat conduction equation of the model is:

[0074]

[0075] k t (Water thermal conductivity coefficient): 0.65~0.78W / (m·K) (take 0.68W / (m·K) in spring);

[0076] ρ (water density): 1000 kg / m³ 3 (Freshwater standard value);

[0077] c p (Specific heat capacity of water): 4200 J / (kg·K);

[0078] Q sun (Solar radiation heat flux): The measured data were obtained from 5 meteorological stations in the basin, with a range of 120 to 780 W / m² (daily average of 450 W / m²).

[0079] Q turb (Turbulent heat exchange of the turbine): Calculated based on the turbine output, with a value of 8-18 W / m³ (daily average 12 W / m³). 3 ).

[0080] 1.3 Function for determining the spawning window and activation conditions

[0081] A window period determination function was fitted based on hydrological data (water temperature, flow velocity, and water level) from 2017 to 2022.

[0082] in:

[0083] The integration interval [t1, t2] is a continuous 72 hours;

[0084] Weighting coefficients: α = 0.6 ± 0.05 (taken as 0.59), β = 0.3 ± 0.05 (taken as 0.31), γ = 0.1 ± 0.02 (taken as 0.09);

[0085] Activation condition: The scheduler is started when W≥85.

[0086] (II) Step S2: Monitoring of fish behavior and hydraulic parameters

[0087] 2.1 Monitoring of behavioral characteristic parameters (corresponding to claim 3)

[0088] A 128-element phased array sonar array (model: HydroStar-128, sampling frequency 600kHz) was used in the core spawning grounds (area 18000m²). 2 Four monitoring points were set up to collect behavioral characteristic parameter set Φ={I s F z ,Δt}:

[0089] Aggregation Intensity Index I s Calculated by normalizing the sonar echo energy, with a value ranging from 0 to 1, when I s A value ≥0.7 indicates active aggregation;

[0090] Vertical migration frequency F z : Count the number of times a school of fish crosses water levels per hour, in units of times / hour. z ≥3 times / hour is considered active;

[0091] The mating pulse interval Δt is extracted through time-frequency analysis of the acoustic signal and is measured in seconds. When Δt ≤ 15 seconds, mating is active.

[0092] 2.2 Synchronous Acquisition of Hydraulic Parameters

[0093] The following hydraulic parameters were simultaneously acquired using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, model: SonTek M9, measurement range 0.03~10m / s):

[0094] Average flow velocity across the cross section: 0.75–0.88 m / s;

[0095] Water depth: 4–9 m;

[0096] Instantaneous flow rate: 180~290m³ 3 / s;

[0097] Data sampling frequency: 5 minutes / time, synchronized with sonar data timestamp (error ≤ 1 second).

[0098] (III) Step S3: Generation of Pulse-based Ecological Scheduling Commands

[0099] 3.1 Basic Pulse Flow Calculation

[0100] According to the formula

[0101] A spawn Historical spawning ground area: 18,000 m² 2 ;

[0102] Response coefficients: k1 = 0.8 ± 0.1 (take 0.82), k2 = 1.2 ± 0.2 (take 1.25);

[0103] Aggregation intensity change rate 0.025 / h;

[0104] Calculation yields: Q base = 0.82 × 18000 × 0.8 + 1.25 × 0.025 ≈ 11808m 3 / s.

[0105] 3.2 Trapezoidal Flow Wave Design

[0106] The flow wave is divided into three stages:

[0107] Gradual rise phase: duration t rise = 6 ± 0.5 hours (take 6 hours), flow rate from Q base The linear increase reached (1.8±0.2)×Q base That is, from 11808m 3 / s increased to 1.8 × 11808 = 21254.4m 3 / s(actual control 21250m) 3 / s);

[0108] Platform Phase: Duration t plateau =48±2 hours (take 48 hours), maintain 21250m 3 / s, superimposed amplitude ≤5%×Q base (i.e., ≤590.4m) 3 A sinusoidal oscillation with a frequency of 0.15 Hz ( / s);

[0109] Gradual reduction phase: Traffic drops to Q base Duration t fall =18±1 hours (take 18 hours), flow rate from 21250m³ 3 / s linearly decreased to 11808m 3 / s.

[0110] 3.3 Surface velocity band setting

[0111] Based on fish egg parameters (ρ) egg =1050±50kg / m 3 Take 1045 kg / m 3 ;d egg =2.2mm) Calculate the surface velocity:

[0112] in:

[0113] ρ w (Water density): 1000 kg / m³ 3 ;

[0114] g (acceleration due to gravity): 9.81 m / s² 2 ;

[0115] C d (Fluid resistance coefficient): 0.45 (value for spherical egg);

[0116] The calculation yields: The actual controlled surface velocity band is 0.32–0.35 m / s.

[0117] (iv) Step S4: Multi-stage reservoir gate coordinated control

[0118] A multi-stage reservoir gate coordinated control algorithm (based on fuzzy PID control, proportional coefficient 0.75, integral time 8 minutes, derivative time 2 minutes) is adopted to achieve coordinated regulation of the gates of four reservoirs:

[0119] Reservoir No. 1 (primary level): Responsible for controlling the flow rate increase, with the hourly flow rate increase strictly controlled between 15% and 25% (actually implemented at 17% to 23%).

[0120] Reservoirs #2 and #3: Adjust the flow fluctuation coefficient (control it within ±5%);

[0121] Reservoir #4 (final stage): Fine-tune the downstream water level to ensure stable flow wave pattern.

[0122] (V) Step S5: Ensuring the distance of fish egg transport

[0123] 5.1 Lagrange particle tracking simulation

[0124] The Delft3D model is coupled with a particle tracking module to simulate the movement trajectory of the egg seedling:

[0125] in:

[0126] (Particle position vector): Three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z);

[0127] (Time-averaged velocity vector): Obtained by interpolation from ADCP measured data;

[0128] (Turbulent diffusion velocity vector): Calculated using a random walk model, with a value range of 0–0.08 m / s; (Velocity vector due to buoyancy): Calculated based on the density difference between fish eggs and water.

[0129] 5.2 Gate opening adjustment

[0130] Gate opening-flow response equation:

[0131] Q out =K·θ+C,

[0132] K (gate flow coefficient): 45m 3 / (s·°);

[0133] θ (gate opening): 0°~90° (actual adjustment range 15°~60°);

[0134] C (base flow): 60m 3 / s.

[0135] 5.3 Auxiliary jet pump set

[0136] When the egg seedling settling rate is >5% / km, start the jet pump unit (model: JetPro-800) and the jet velocity V. jet = (1.3 ± 0.2) × V surface (Take 1.3×0.33≈0.43m / s), the actual controlled settlement rate is ≤4% / km.

[0137] (vi) Step S6: Three-dimensional feedback mechanism regulation

[0138] 6.1 Water Temperature Control

[0139] The water temperature of the spawning grounds is controlled by using tiered water intake towers (depth adjustment range 6-22m):

[0140] Target water temperature: 20±1℃ (actually maintained at 19.6~20.4℃);

[0141] Adjustment logic: When the measured water temperature deviates from the target value by more than 0.5℃, adjust the water sampling depth (±0.8m each time).

[0142] 6.2 Dissolved Oxygen Guarantee

[0143] Four annular nano-aeration belts (diameter = 65±15m, taken as 68m) are arranged at the tail end of the reservoir, and the aeration intensity is dynamically adjusted.

[0144] Target dissolved oxygen (DO): ≥6 mg / L (saturation ≥85%);

[0145] Adjustment logic: When DO < 5.8 mg / L, increase the aeration rate (by 8% each time), and the measured DO is maintained at 6.3-7.4 mg / L.

[0146] 6.3 Turbidity Control

[0147] Pre-treatment tank settlement area (6000m²) 2 (Water depth 2.5m) Control of suspended solids concentration (SS):

[0148] Target SS: ≤50mg / L;

[0149] Adjustment logic: The sludge discharge cycle is controlled by an automatic sludge discharge valve (sludge is discharged once every 12 hours, each time for 30 minutes), and the measured SS is 32~46mg / L.

[0150] (vii) Step S7: Scheduling effectiveness evaluation

[0151] 7.1 Environmental DNA Sampling and Analysis

[0152] Seven days after the scheduling ended, a 100m sample was collected 6km downstream of the spawning grounds. 3 Water samples (divided into 12 sampling points, each 8.3m) 3 ), using the magnetic bead method to extract environmental DNA.

[0153] 7.2 qPCR Quantitative Detection

[0154] Fish egg-specific gene marker (COI gene) was used. The qPCR reaction system consisted of: 10 μL 2×TaqManMasterMix, 0.8 μL each of forward and reverse primers (10 μmol / L), 0.4 μL probe (5 μmol / L), 2 μL DNA template, and ddH2O to a final volume of 20 μL. The reaction conditions were: 95℃ pre-denaturation for 10 minutes, followed by 40 cycles (95℃ for 15 seconds, 60℃ for 1 minute). The copy number N of the fish egg-specific gene marker was quantified. dna = 310 copies / m 3 .

[0155] 7.3 Calculation of Reproduction Success Rate

[0156]

[0157] V flow (Total volume of water in the flow zone): 3.5 × 10 6 m 3 ;

[0158] t spawn(Laying time duration) 45 hours;

[0159] The calculation yields:

[0160] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological regulation of cascade reservoirs to promote fish reproduction, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Construct a three-dimensional hydrological environment model of the cascade reservoir group, based on the target fish's reproductive water temperature threshold T. min -T max (Unit: °C), Spawning Flow Velocity Threshold V spawn (Unit: m / s), Critical value of flood rise ΔH critical (Unit: m) Determine the critical scheduling window period, and monitor and maintain dissolved oxygen saturation synchronously during the window period; S2. During the critical scheduling window, the behavioral characteristic parameter set Φ={I} of the spawning population is monitored in real time using a 128-element phased array sonar array. s F z ,Δt}, where I s For aggregation intensity index (dimensionless), F z The vertical migration frequency (unit: times / hour) and Δt (unit: seconds) are used to simultaneously collect river hydraulic parameters using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Based on the coupled analysis of behavioral characteristic parameter set Φ and hydraulic parameters, a pulse-type ecological scheduling instruction set is generated; S4. A multi-stage reservoir gate coordinated control algorithm is adopted to form a continuously increasing trapezoidal flow wave within 72 hours, with the flow increase controlled at 15%-25% per hour. S5. Dynamically adjust the discharge flow rate using a Lagrange particle tracking model to ensure that the fish egg transport distance is not less than 50 kilometers; S6. Establish a three-dimensional feedback mechanism of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity to maintain the dissolved oxygen saturation in the spawning grounds at no less than 85%; S7. After the scheduling is completed, the reproduction success rate η (unit: %) is quantified by environmental DNA technology to generate a scheduling efficiency evaluation matrix.

2. The cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: S11. Extract the biological threshold parameters of the target fish during the breeding season, where T min =16±0.5℃, T max =24±0.5℃,V spawn =0.8±0.1m / s,ΔH critical =1.2±0.2m; S12. Construct a three-dimensional water temperature field model of the watershed and solve the heat conduction equation: Where k t ρ is the thermal conductivity of water (unit: W / (m·K)), and ρ is the density of water (unit: kg / m³). 3 ), c p Q is the specific heat capacity of water (unit: J / (kg·K)). sun Q represents solar radiation heat flux (unit: W / m²). turb Turbulent heat exchange capacity of the water turbine (unit: W / m) 3 ); The expression for the governing equation of the three-dimensional watershed temperature field is based on the heat conduction equation with the addition of an external heat source term, used to simulate the spatial and temporal changes in water temperature. S13. Fitting a function to determine the spawning window based on historical hydrological data: The scheduler is activated when the integral value W≥85, where the weight coefficients α=0.6±0.05, β=0.3±0.05, and γ=0.1±0.

02.

3. The cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The behavioral feature monitoring in step S2 must simultaneously meet the following requirements: I s ≥0.7； F z ≥3 times / hour; Δt≤15 seconds; when all three parameters remain at the target level for more than 2 hours, it is determined that the spawning outbreak period has begun.

4. The cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse-based scheduling instruction set generation method in step S3 includes: S31. Calculate the basic pulse flow rate Q base (Unit: m) 3 / s): Where A spawn Historical spawning ground area (unit: m²) 2 The response coefficients are k1 = 0.8 ± 0.1 and k2 = 1.2 ± 0.

2. S32. Designing a trapezoidal flow waveform includes the following three stages: Gradual increase phase: Traffic from Q base The linear increase reached (1.8±0.2)×Q base Duration t rise =6 ± 0.5 hours; Plateau phase: Maintain (1.8±0.2)×Q base Duration t plateau = 48±2 hours, during which the superimposed amplitude is ≤5%Q base The sinusoidal fluctuations (frequency 0.1-0.2Hz) simulate the turbulence spectrum of a natural flood peak; Gradual reduction phase: Traffic drops to Q base Duration t fall =18±1 hours; S33, Based on fish egg density ρ egg =1050±50kg / m3, set surface velocity zone: Where d egg C represents the diameter of the fish eggs (in mm). d ρ is the fluid drag coefficient (dimensionless). w Water density (unit: kg / m³) 3 ).

5. The cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for ensuring the safety of fish eggs during drifting in step S5 includes: S51. Simulation of egg seedling movement trajectory based on Lagrange particle tracking model: in The time-averaged velocity vector (unit: m / s) The velocity vector for turbulent diffusion (unit: m / s) The velocity vector under the influence of buoyancy (unit: m / s); S52. Establish the gate opening-discharge flow response equation: Q out = K·θ+C where K is the gate flow coefficient (unit: m3 / (s·°)), θ is the gate opening (unit: °), and C is the river base flow (unit: m 3 / s); S53. When the egg seedling settling rate is detected to be >5% / km, the jet pump set auxiliary water flow boosting system is activated, and the jet velocity V jet = (1.3 ± 0.2) × V surface .

6. The method for ecological regulation of cascade reservoirs to promote fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional feedback mechanism in step S6 includes: Water temperature control: The water intake depth is adjusted by using stratified water intake towers to maintain the spawning ground temperature at T = 20 ± 1℃; Dissolved oxygen protection: A ring-shaped nano-aeration belt (diameter D = 65 ± 15 m) is arranged at the tail of the reservoir to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration DO ≥ 6 mg / L; Turbidity control: The suspended solids concentration (SS) is kept ≤50mg / L by utilizing the pre-settling zone.

7. The cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance evaluation method in step S7 includes: S71, 100m sample collected on the 7th day after scheduling. 3 Environmental DNA was extracted from water samples; S72. Quantitative analysis of copy number N of fish egg-specific gene markers using qPCR technology. dna (Unit: copies / m) 3 ); S73. Calculate the reproductive success rate index: Where V flow The total volume of water in the flow zone (unit: m3), t spawn The duration of spawning (in hours).

8. A cascade reservoir ecological regulation system for promoting fish reproduction, the system being applicable to the cascade reservoir ecological regulation method for promoting fish reproduction as described in claims 1-7, characterized in that, The system includes: Hydrological environment sensing layer: includes meteorological satellite data receiving unit, underwater autonomous vehicle cluster, and multi-parameter water quality monitoring buoy network; Biological behavior recognition layer: integrates acoustic tag tracking system, infrared underwater camera array, and distributed environmental DNA sampler; Decision control layer: Deploys an ecological scheduling decision engine to perform real-time matching calculations of hydraulic parameters and fish behavioral characteristics, and outputs pulse scheduling schemes to the gate linkage control unit; Effect evaluation layer: includes an online monitoring unit for fish egg throughput and a high-throughput gene analysis platform.

9. A cascade reservoir ecological regulation system for promoting fish reproduction according to claim 8, characterized in that, The decision control layer is configured with a three-level emergency response module: When the algal bloom index is ≥40, the emergency water replenishment procedure for submerged vegetation areas will be automatically activated (response time <30 minutes); When the rate of sudden drop in dissolved oxygen concentration is ≥2 mg / (L·h), the distributed nano-aeration device is activated (response time <5 minutes). When the fish egg retention rate is >30%, a lateral water flow induction scheme is generated and the jet pump group is started (response time <15 minutes).

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