Preparation method of novel feed for precise fattening of Tibet lambs

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel feed for precise fattening of Tan sheep milk lambs, and belongs to the technical field of Tan sheep breeding. Comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a basal feed; s2, preparing a functional premix; s3, mixing and tempering; s4, granulating and cooling; and S5, spraying and packaging. The functional combination of the probiotic complex microbial inoculant and the plant essential oil mixture is adopted, and a unique post-spraying process is adopted for thermosensitive active ingredients, so that the damage of high temperature of granulation to the activity of beneficial microorganisms and the plant essential oil is effectively avoided. According to the technology, it is ensured that functional ingredients are reserved to the maximum extent, the functional ingredients can act on the lamb intestinal tract in a synergistic mode, the intestinal flora balance is effectively adjusted, pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the immunity is enhanced, and therefore the precise fattening target of promoting growth and improving the health condition is achieved on the premise that antibiotics do not need to be added, and comprehensive benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides a novel feed preparation method for precise fattening of Tan sheep lambs, belonging to the field of Tan sheep breeding technology. Background Technology

[0002] As an important meat sheep breed resource in my country, the scientific fattening of lambs during their suckling stage directly affects the yield, quality, and economic benefits of mutton farming. Lambs are in a critical period of rapid growth and development, with unique nutritional needs. They require not only high-energy, high-protein diets to support rapid weight gain but also easily digestible feed forms to reduce the burden on their immature digestive systems. Simultaneously, lambs at this stage have relatively low immunity and are susceptible to intestinal diseases. Traditional farming often relies on antibiotics for disease prevention, but this leads to increasingly prominent issues of drug residues, drug resistance, and food safety. Therefore, developing an environmentally friendly feed that meets the precise nutritional needs of lambs, effectively protects intestinal health, and replaces antibiotics has become a pressing technical challenge for the Tan sheep farming industry.

[0003] Currently, most commercially available lamb fattening feeds suffer from deficiencies in formulation and processing. In terms of formulation, conventional feeds often focus on the ratio of macronutrients, but pay insufficient attention to the scientific formulation and activity protection of functional additives (such as probiotics and plant essential oils), or simply mix them together, resulting in poor effects. Regarding processing technology, while the commonly used traditional pelleting process can improve the physical properties of the feed, its high-temperature and high-pressure environment easily destroys heat-sensitive functional components (such as the activity of probiotics and the effective components of plant essential oils), leading to the inactivation of functional additives and preventing them from truly exerting their effects of regulating intestinal health and promoting growth. Although some technologies attempt to compensate through post-addition, the lack of systematic control of process parameters (such as conditioning temperature and time, pelleting parameters, post-spraying temperature and uniformity) often makes it difficult to achieve efficient retention and uniform distribution of active ingredients. Therefore, existing technologies struggle to provide a specialized fattening feed for Tan sheep lambs that integrates precise nutrition, suitable processing, and preservation of functional activity, hindering further improvements in the healthy breeding and profitability of Tan sheep. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a novel feed preparation method for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Preparation of basic feed: By weight, mix 40-60 parts alfalfa hay, 20-30 parts corn stalks, 15-25 parts corn, 5-10 parts soybean meal, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, and 0.5-1.5 parts salt, then crush them to a particle size of 1-3 mm to obtain the basic feed.

[0006] S2. Preparation of functional premix: By weight, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound vitamins, 0.2-0.5 parts of compound trace elements, 0.05-0.15 parts of lysine, 0.03-0.08 parts of methionine, 0.01-0.03 parts of probiotic preparation and 0.5-1.5 parts of bentonite are thoroughly mixed to obtain functional premix;

[0007] S3. Mixing and conditioning: Put 100 parts of basic feed obtained in step S1 and 1-2 parts of functional premix obtained in step S2 into a mixer. While mixing, introduce steam at 70-85℃ for conditioning. The conditioning time is 3-5 minutes, so that the moisture content of the material rises to 14%-16%.

[0008] S4. Pelletizing and Cooling: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill and pelletized at 70-85℃. The pellet diameter is controlled at 3-5mm. The pellet feed is then sent to a cooler for cooling so that its temperature drops to no more than 5℃ above the ambient temperature.

[0009] S5. Spraying and Packaging: A mixture of plant essential oils, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of the total weight of the feed, is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the cooled pelleted feed. The plant essential oil mixture is a mixture of thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil in a weight ratio of 1:1-1:2. Finally, the feed is metered and packaged.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the alfalfa hay is harvested at the initial flowering stage and has a crude protein content of ≥18%; the corn is puffed corn.

[0011] In step S2, the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, and vitamin E, with contents of 1,000,000-1,500,000 IU, 200,000-300,000 IU, and 800-1,200 IU per kilogram of premix, respectively; the compound trace elements include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, and sodium selenite, with contents of 5-8g of iron, 4-6g of zinc, and 0.08-0.12g of selenium per kilogram of premix, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the probiotic preparation is a compound bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is not less than 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, viable lactic acid bacteria count not less than 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ 9 The CFU / g ratio of live Bacillus subtilis to live lactic acid bacteria was (1.5-2.5):1.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the steam is dry saturated steam with a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa; the mixer is a twin-shaft paddle mixer with a speed of 80-120 rpm and a coefficient of variation (CV) of mixing uniformity ≤ 7%.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the ring die of the ring die pellet mill has a length-to-diameter ratio of 8-12 and a compression ratio of 1:6-1:8; the cooler is a counter-flow cooler, and the cooling time is controlled at 10-20 minutes.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the spraying process is carried out under a heat preservation condition of 40-50℃, using an airless spraying device, and the spraying pressure is 3-5 bar; the plant essential oil mixture is filtered through a filter screen with a pore size of 100 mesh before spraying.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] 1. This method first lays the foundation for high feed digestibility and absorption by selecting high-protein alfalfa hay and extruded corn as high-quality raw materials and controlling the particle size. Then, through the optimized combination of steam conditioning and ring die pelleting (such as controlling the conditioning temperature at 70-85℃, the ring die length-to-diameter ratio at 8-12, and the compression ratio at 1:6-1:8), the starch gelatinization degree and particle hardness are significantly improved, thereby enhancing the palatability, utilization rate, and water stability of the feed and reducing waste during the feeding process.

[0018] 2. This innovative formula utilizes a functional combination of probiotic compound (Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, live bacteria ratio 1.5-2.5:1) and plant essential oil mixture (thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil 1:1-1:2). A unique post-coating process (at 40-50℃ and 3-5 bar pressure) effectively avoids the damage to beneficial microorganisms and plant essential oils caused by high-temperature granulation. This process ensures maximum retention of functional components, allowing them to synergistically act on the lamb's intestines, effectively regulating intestinal flora balance, inhibiting pathogens, and enhancing immunity. Thus, without the need for antibiotics, it achieves the precise fattening goal of promoting growth and improving health, resulting in significant overall benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] 1. Preparation of basic feed

[0023] Weigh out 45 kg of alfalfa hay (harvested at the early flowering stage with a crude protein content of 19%), 22 kg of corn stalks, 22 kg of extruded corn, 7 kg of soybean meal, 2.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 1 kg of salt. Mix and grind the above raw materials in a grinder, controlling the particle size of the ground material to primarily pass through a 1.5 mm sieve to obtain the basic feed.

[0024] 2. Preparation of functional premixes

[0025] Weigh out 0.25 kg of compound vitamins (containing 1,300,000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 280,000 IU / kg of vitamin D3, and 1,100 IU / kg of vitamin E), 0.4 kg of compound trace elements (containing 7 g / kg of iron, 5.5 g / kg of zinc, and 0.11 g / kg of selenium), 0.12 kg of lysine, 0.06 kg of methionine, and 0.025 kg of probiotic preparation (this preparation is a compound inoculum of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, with a live Bacillus subtilis count of 1.5 × 10⁻⁶). 10 CFU / g, viable lactic acid bacteria count is 7.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g (the ratio of live bacteria to live bacteria is 2:1), and 1.2 kg of bentonite. All the above components were added to a small mixer and mixed thoroughly to obtain the functional premix.

[0026] 3. Mixing and conditioning

[0027] Take 100 kg of the basic feed obtained in step 1 and 1.8 kg of the functional premix obtained in step 2, and put them into a twin-shaft paddle mixer. Start the mixer, set the speed to 110 rpm, and simultaneously introduce dry saturated steam at a pressure of 0.35 MPa into the mixer for conditioning, controlling the conditioning time to be 4.5 minutes. After conditioning, the moisture content of the material is measured to be approximately 15.5%.

[0028] 4. Granulation and Cooling

[0029] The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill for pelleting. The ring die has a length-to-diameter ratio of 9 and a compression ratio of 1:6.5. During pelleting, the material temperature is maintained at around 82℃, producing cylindrical feed pellets with a diameter of approximately 3.5 mm. The pellets are then cooled in a counter-current cooler for approximately 18 minutes, reducing the pellet temperature to no more than 4℃ above ambient temperature.

[0030] 5. Spraying and Packaging

[0031] Thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1.2 and filtered through a 100-mesh filter. The cooled pellets were then transferred to a vacuum sprayer. Under conditions of 48°C, an airless sprayer was used to evenly spray the mixture (0.18% of the total weight of the pellets) onto the surface of the pellets at a spray pressure of 4.5 bar. After spraying, the pellets were weighed and packaged.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] 1. Preparation of basic feed

[0034] Weigh out 55 kg of alfalfa hay (harvested at the initial flowering stage with a crude protein content of 20.5%), 28 kg of corn stalks, 18 kg of extruded corn, 9 kg of soybean meal, 1.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 1.2 kg of salt. Mix and grind these raw materials in a grinder, controlling the particle size of the ground material to primarily pass through a 2.5 mm sieve to obtain the basic feed.

[0035] 2. Preparation of functional premixes

[0036] Weigh out 0.15 kg of compound vitamins (containing 1,100,000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 220,000 IU / kg of vitamin D3, and 900 IU / kg of vitamin E), 0.3 kg of compound trace elements (containing 5.5 g / kg of iron, 4.5 g / kg of zinc, and 0.09 g / kg of selenium), 0.08 kg of lysine, 0.04 kg of methionine, and 0.015 kg of probiotic preparation (this preparation is a compound bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, with a live Bacillus subtilis count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 10 CFU / g, viable lactic acid bacteria count is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g (the ratio of live bacteria to live bacteria is 2:1), and 0.8 kg of bentonite. All the above components were added to a small mixer and mixed thoroughly to obtain the functional premix.

[0037] 3. Mixing and conditioning

[0038] Take 100 kg of the basic feed obtained in step 1 and 1.2 kg of the functional premix obtained in step 2, and put them into a twin-shaft paddle mixer. Start the mixer, set the speed to 90 rpm, and simultaneously introduce dry saturated steam at a pressure of 0.25 MPa into the mixer for conditioning, controlling the conditioning time to be 3.5 minutes. After conditioning, the moisture content of the material is measured to be approximately 14.5%.

[0039] 4. Granulation and Cooling

[0040] The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill for pelleting. The ring die has a length-to-diameter ratio of 11 and a compression ratio of 1:7.5. During pelleting, the material temperature is maintained at around 72°C, producing cylindrical feed pellets with a diameter of approximately 4.5 mm. The pellets are then cooled in a counter-current cooler for approximately 12 minutes, reducing the pellet temperature to no more than 3°C above ambient temperature.

[0041] 5. Spraying and Packaging

[0042] Thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1.8 and filtered through a 100-mesh filter. The cooled pellets were then transferred to a vacuum sprayer. Under conditions of 42°C, an airless sprayer was used to evenly spray the mixture (0.12% of the total weight of the pellets) onto the surface of the pellets at a spray pressure of 3.5 bar. After spraying, the pellets were weighed and packaged.

[0043] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel feed preparation method for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of basic feed: By weight, mix 40-60 parts alfalfa hay, 20-30 parts corn stalks, 15-25 parts corn, 5-10 parts soybean meal, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, and 0.5-1.5 parts salt, then crush them to a particle size of 1-3 mm to obtain the basic feed. S2. Preparation of functional premix: By weight, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound vitamins, 0.2-0.5 parts of compound trace elements, 0.05-0.15 parts of lysine, 0.03-0.08 parts of methionine, 0.01-0.03 parts of probiotic preparation and 0.5-1.5 parts of bentonite are thoroughly mixed to obtain functional premix; S3. Mixing and conditioning: Put 100 parts of basic feed obtained in step S1 and 1-2 parts of functional premix obtained in step S2 into a mixer. While mixing, introduce steam at 70-85℃ for conditioning. The conditioning time is 3-5 minutes, so that the moisture content of the material rises to 14%-16%. S4. Pelletizing and Cooling: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill and pelletized at 70-85℃. The pellet diameter is controlled at 3-5mm. The pellet feed is then sent to a cooler for cooling so that its temperature drops to no more than 5℃ above the ambient temperature. S5. Spraying and Packaging: A mixture of plant essential oils, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of the total weight of the feed, is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the cooled pelleted feed. The plant essential oil mixture is a mixture of thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil in a weight ratio of 1:1-1:

2. Finally, the feed is metered and packaged.

2. The method for preparing a novel feed for precise fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the alfalfa hay is harvested at the initial flowering stage and has a crude protein content of ≥18%; the corn is puffed corn.

3. The method for preparing a novel feed for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, and vitamin E, with contents of 1,000,000-1,500,000 IU, 200,000-300,000 IU, and 800-1,200 IU per kilogram of premix, respectively; the compound trace elements include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, and sodium selenite, with contents of 5-8g of iron, 4-6g of zinc, and 0.08-0.12g of selenium per kilogram of premix, respectively.

4. The method for preparing a novel feed for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the probiotic preparation is a compound bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is not less than 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, viable lactic acid bacteria count not less than 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ 9 The CFU / g ratio of live Bacillus subtilis to live lactic acid bacteria was (1.5-2.5):

1.

5. The method for preparing a novel feed for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the steam is dry saturated steam with a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa; the mixer is a twin-shaft paddle mixer with a speed of 80-120 rpm and a coefficient of variation (CV) of mixing uniformity ≤ 7%.

6. The method for preparing a novel feed for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ring die of the ring die pellet mill has a length-to-diameter ratio of 8-12 and a compression ratio of 1:6-1:8; the cooler is a counter-flow cooler, and the cooling time is controlled at 10-20 minutes.

7. The method for preparing a novel feed for precision fattening of Tan sheep lambs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the spraying process is carried out under a heat preservation condition of 40-50℃, using an airless spraying device, and the spraying pressure is 3-5 bar; the plant essential oil mixture is filtered through a 100-mesh filter before spraying.

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