Low-soybean-meal grain-saving growth feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof
By employing high-pressure water jet fiber pyrolysis, solar gradient maturation, and functional stratification pressing technologies, the problems of anti-nutritional factors and indigestible substances in beef cattle feed have been solved, achieving efficient resource utilization and cost reduction, and improving fattening efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511565836.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
In the current beef cattle feed preparation process, conventional grinding and mixing methods cannot effectively reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors and indigestible substances, resulting in resource waste and increased breeding costs.
By employing high-pressure water jet fiber pyrolysis, solar gradient maturation, and functional layered pressing technologies, combined with modified corn starch coating, a low-soybean meal, feed-saving growth feed for beef cattle was prepared. Cellulose was degraded through hydraulic pyrolysis and solar activation technologies, and the layered structure design matched the digestive rhythm of ruminants.
It significantly improves the utilization value of unconventional plant proteins, reduces production costs, enhances fattening efficiency, improves the rumen microenvironment, reduces methane emissions, lowers the risk of diarrhea, and achieves both economic benefits and environmental sustainability.
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Figure CN121196086A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] The low-soybean meal feed for beef cattle is a biological daily ration for beef cattle developed by using palm meal, distiller's grains, rapeseed meal, cassava residue, corn husks and other non-conventional feed in combination with local forage in Laibin City, screening the non-conventional feed raw materials with higher cost performance to replace soybean meal and corn in the daily ration, reducing the content of anti-nutritional factors and other harmful substances in the non-conventional feed through synergistic biological fermentation of bacteria and enzymes, degrading and reducing cellulose and other indigestible substances, improving palatability, increasing feed nutritional ingredients, and then combining with local sugarcane tail tips, corn stalks, straw and other abundant crop straw resources, thereby reducing the use amount of soybean meal and corn. The feed can reduce feed cost and is a low-soybean meal grain-saving type daily ration, which can be used in combination with related beef cattle ecological cycle breeding technology to establish a low-soybean meal grain-saving type beef cattle efficient breeding demonstration base and promote the quality and efficiency of beef cattle industry in Laibin City.
[0003] At present, the existing beef cattle feed on the market is prepared by only using a conventional crushing and mixing method. This traditional method only physically crushes and stirs various feed raw materials, lacks deep processing and treatment of the raw materials, and cannot effectively improve the utilization value of the raw materials. For example, when facing some raw materials containing anti-nutritional factors or indigestible substances, the conventional crushing and mixing cannot reduce the content of these harmful substances or degrade the indigestible components that cannot be digested and absorbed by beef cattle, so that the nutritional ingredients in the raw materials cannot be fully utilized, resources are wasted, and breeding costs are increased. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem that the traditional method cannot improve the utilization efficiency.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle, which comprises the following steps in order:
[0006] S1. Fiber splitting treatment
[0007] The sugarcane tail tips or corn stalks are laid flat in a container, a high-pressure water column with a pressure of 80 MPa is used to cut the plant fibers in the longitudinal direction, and 5% of edible alkali by mass fraction is added to the water flow during the cutting process. After cutting, the water is drained to a moisture content of 40% to 50%;
[0008] S2. Sunlight gradient maturation
[0009] The cracked material is spread on a black plastic film with a thickness of 10 cm;
[0010] At 12 noon, the meal and cassava dregs are evenly scattered into the material and mixed by turning the pile;
[0011] At 3 pm, the dicalcium phosphate, salt and trace element solution are dissolved in warm water to form a nutrient package solution, which is sprayed on the surface of the material;
[0012] Continue to expose to sunlight until the temperature of the material reaches 60°C and maintains this temperature for 2 hours;
[0013] S3. Functional layering and pressing
[0014] The matured material is laid according to the functional layers:
[0015] The lower layer is the fiber-cracked sugarcane top or corn straw, the middle layer is the matured protein mixture containing meal and cassava dregs, and the upper layer is the starch-based coating layer wrapped with slow-release urea;
[0016] The three layers of material are lightly pressed into block feed at room temperature using a feed pressing machine.
[0017] Preferably, the high-pressure water jet cutting in step S1 requires that the water flow direction be parallel to the extension direction of the plant vascular bundle, and the cutting time is adjusted to 30-60 seconds per square centimeter of water impact.
[0018] Preferably, the nutrient package solution in step S2 contains the following components in mass ratio: dicalcium phosphate 1.5-2 parts, salt 0.8-1 part, trace element premix 0.2 part, dissolved in 10 parts of 40°C warm water.
[0019] Preferably, the starch-based coating layer in step S3 is mixed with modified corn starch and slow-release urea at a mass ratio of 10:1, then water is added to make a paste and coated on the surface of the feed block, with a coating thickness of 0.5-1 mm.
[0020] A low-bean meal type of beef cattle growth feed with grain saving, comprising the following components:
[0021] Cracked fiber layer: 50-60 parts by weight of sugarcane top or corn straw;
[0022] Matured protein layer: 30-35 parts by weight of meal and cassava dregs mixture, with meal accounting for no more than 60%;
[0023] Functional coating layer: 10-15 parts by weight of starch-based slow-release urea coating.
[0024] Preferably, the plant fibers in the splitting fiber layer present a plush-like morphology after high-pressure water cutting, with a fiber length of less than 1 cm.
[0025] Preferably, the starch-based slow-release urea coating layer maintains an intact structure in the rumen environment for at least 4 hours, and gradually releases the urea component after entering the intestine.
[0026] The present application provides a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof.
[0027] The present application provides a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof. By means of hydrolysis and sunlight activation technology, the present application greatly reduces the dependence on soybean meal and efficiently utilizes non-grain plant protein resources, improves resource utilization value, and realizes precise time release of feed nutrients through hierarchical structure design in terms of economic benefits. By utilizing the digestion rhythm of ruminants, the present application simultaneously reduces production costs and improves fattening efficiency, improves the rumen microenvironment, strengthens feed digestion and absorption efficiency, reduces the risk of diarrhea, and reduces methane emissions. The present application takes into account breeding benefits and environmental sustainability, and provides a replicable clean solution for the transformation of animal husbandry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0028] Figure 1 The present application provides a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof. By means of hydrolysis and sunlight activation technology, the present application greatly reduces the dependence on soybean meal and efficiently utilizes non-grain plant protein resources, improves resource utilization value, and realizes precise time release of feed nutrients through hierarchical structure design in terms of economic benefits. By utilizing the digestion rhythm of ruminants, the present application simultaneously reduces production costs and improves fattening efficiency, improves the rumen microenvironment, strengthens feed digestion and absorption efficiency, reduces the risk of diarrhea, and reduces methane emissions. The present application takes into account breeding benefits and environmental sustainability, and provides a replicable clean solution for the transformation of animal husbandry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.
[0030] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The present application provides a low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof. By means of hydrolysis and sunlight activation technology, the present application greatly reduces the dependence on soybean meal and efficiently utilizes non-grain plant protein resources, improves resource utilization value, and realizes precise time release of feed nutrients through hierarchical structure design in terms of economic benefits. By utilizing the digestion rhythm of ruminants, the present application simultaneously reduces production costs and improves fattening efficiency, improves the rumen microenvironment, strengthens feed digestion and absorption efficiency, reduces the risk of diarrhea, and reduces methane emissions. The present application takes into account breeding benefits and environmental sustainability, and provides a replicable clean solution for the transformation of animal husbandry.
[0031] Preparation of raw materials
[0032] Take 800 kg of fresh sugarcane tail tips or 600 kg of dry corn stalks, cut them into 5 cm long sections using a hay cutter, and reserve them; prepare 150 kg of rapeseed meal, 200 kg of cassava residue (water content ≤60%), 40 kg of edible alkali, 18 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 9 kg of salt, 2 kg of beef cattle trace element premix, 15 kg of slow-release urea, and 150 kg of modified corn starch; check the pressure valve of the high-pressure cleaning machine to ensure that it can stably output 80 MPa water pressure, and prepare an open-air flat site to lay 8 m x 5 m black plastic film.
[0033] Fiber splitting treatment
[0034] The cut sugarcane tail tip is laid flat in a cement tank with a thickness of no more than 20 cm; start the high-pressure cleaning machine, connect the edible alkali feeding device at the spray head, control the concentration of the edible alkali solution to 5%; make the high-pressure water column vertically align with the cross section of the sugarcane tail tip, continuously cut along the vascular bundle longitudinally, and the water impact time per square centimeter is 40 seconds; the processed material presents a fluffy and fuzzy shape, and the water content decreases to 45% after 6 hours of draining.
[0035] Sunlight gradient maturation
[0036] At 9 am, evenly spread the cracked material on a black plastic film with a thickness controlled at 10 cm; at 12 noon, sprinkle the rapeseed meal and cassava residue mixture, and use a shovel to mix twice to ensure uniform mixing; at 3 pm, add dibasic calcium phosphate, salt, and trace element premix to 400 liters of 40°C warm water, stir to dissolve, and uniformly spray on the surface of the material with a spraying device; start timing when the internal temperature of the material reaches 60°C after continuous sun exposure, and maintain for 2 hours, after which the water content of the material decreases to 18%.
[0037] Functional coating preparation
[0038] Take 150 kg of modified corn starch and mix with water at room temperature to form a paste with a viscosity controlled at 3000 centipoise; add 15 kg of slow-release urea and mechanically stir for 20 minutes to prepare the coating slurry; separately transfer the matured mixed material to the feed press machine inlet, and adjust the discharge speed to 15 kg per minute.
[0039] Layered compression molding
[0040] Operate the feed press machine in three steps: first, lay the cracked fiber material on the bottom of the mold to a thickness of 50% of the whole, second, add the rapeseed meal and cassava residue mixture to a thickness of 80%, and finally, pour the starch-urea coating slurry on the surface to form a complete cover; start the compression roller at a pressure of 0.3 megapascals to produce 25 cm x 15 cm x 10 cm block feed; naturally dry in a cool place for 24 hours until the coating hardens.
[0041] Table 1: Comparison of feed nutritional composition and traditional scheme (dry matter basis)
[0042] Ingredient index Traditional soybean meal feed group Technical feed group Change rate Soybean meal ratio (%) 35.0 9.3 ↓73.4％ Crude protein (%) 16.8 15.6 ↓7.1％ Neutral detergent fiber (%) 38.2 41.5 ↑8.6％ Acid detergent fiber (%) 22.4 24.7 ↑10.3％ Calcium to phosphorus ratio 1.5:1 1.8:1 Optimization Crude protein source composition Soybean meal protein supply ratio 74.5％ 21.8％ ↓52.7％ Cottonseed meal + cassava dregs supply 18.2％ 65.3％ ↑47.1％
[0043] Note: This technology group increases the utilization rate of unconventional raw material protein by 32% through fiber cracking, making up for the decrease in total protein.
[0044] Table 2: Comparison of economic benefits (per ton of feed)
[0045] Cost items Traditional feed group (yuan) Technical group (yuan) Saving amount Raw material cost Soybean meal (35% usage) 1,435 0 1,435 Cottonseed meal + cassava dregs 368 893 +525 Cracked fiber raw material 0 245 +245 Processing cost Fermentation / enzyme preparation 185 0 185 High-pressure water cutting energy consumption 0 38 +38 Labor and equipment depreciation 120 150 +30 Total cost 2,108 1,826 ↓282 Tons of feed fattening beef cattle weight gain (kg) 143 158 ↑10.5％
[0046] The equipment depreciation is divided according to 30,000 yuan / 5 years, and the high-pressure water cutting power consumption is 1.2 yuan / ton of water.
[0047] Table 3: Comparison of physiological indicators of beef cattle (90-day feeding period)
[0048] Performance index Traditional feed group Technical group Improvement effect Average daily weight gain (kg) 1.13 1.23 ↑8.8％ Feed to weight ratio 6.2 5.8 ↓6.5％ Rumen pH value 5.8-6.2 6.1-6.5 More stable Methane emission (L / day) 142 118 ↓16.9％ Diarrhea incidence (%) 13.6 5.2 ↓61.8％ Digestibility key data Neutral detergent fiber digestibility 52.3％ 61.7％ ↑18.0％ Protein apparent digestibility 68.4％ 73.9％ ↑8.0％ Calcium and phosphorus deposition rate 39％ 51％ ↑30.8％
[0049] Table 4: Feed functional layer decomposition verification (rumen simulation experiment)
[0050] Time point Feed structure state Nutrient release 2h Coating layer completely dissolved 35% of slow-release urea released, energy for microbial proliferation 4h Middle layer protein material starts to decompose Cottonseed meal protein digestibility increased to 72% 8h Lower layer fiber material swelling rate reached peak Fiber degrading bacterial community abundance increased by 2.1 times 24h Residual fiber morphology (microscope observation) Cracked fiber residual amount was only 17%, traditional group was 42%
[0051] Through hierarchical digestion, the time sequence of nutrients is realized: fast energy supply in the early stage, protein absorption in the middle stage, and sustained fiber utilization in the later stage.
[0052] The present technology realizes multiple functions through the process of combining physical processing with natural energy: significantly reducing the dependence on soybean meal in the raw material field, greatly improving the utilization value of unconventional plant protein; on the economic benefit level, both cost reduction and fattening efficiency improvement are considered, directly enhancing the breeding income; on the animal physiology side, the weight gain speed and feed conversion efficiency are simultaneously improved, especially the digestion and absorption capacity of roughage is strengthened; on the health management side, the risk of digestive tract diseases is effectively controlled, and methane emission is simultaneously reduced. The value of the present technology lies in replacing traditional biochemical treatment with water pressure cutting and sunlight activation, matching the digestion rhythm of ruminants through hierarchical structure design, and forming a comprehensive solution for grain saving and emission reduction.
[0053] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a low-soybean meal, feed-saving, growth-promoting feed for beef cattle, characterized in that, The following steps are included in sequence: S1. Fiber splitting treatment The sugarcane tops or corn stalks are laid flat in a container, and a high-pressure water jet with a pressure of 80 MPa is used to cut the plant fibers longitudinally. During the cutting process, 5% by mass of edible alkali is added to the water flow. After cutting, the material is drained to a moisture content of 40% to 50%; S2. Sunlight gradient curing The split material is laid flat on a black plastic film, and the material thickness is 10 cm; At 12 o'clock, the rapeseed meal and cassava dregs are evenly spread into the material and mixed by turning the pile; At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, and trace element solution are dissolved in warm water to form a nutrient package solution, which is sprayed on the surface of the material; Continue to expose to sunlight until the temperature of the material reaches 60°C and maintain this temperature for 2 hours; S3. Functional layering and pressing The cured material is laid according to the functional layers: The lower layer is the fiber-splitting-treated sugarcane tops or corn stalks, the middle layer is the cured protein mixture containing rapeseed meal and cassava dregs, and the upper layer is the starch-based coating layer wrapped around the slow-release urea; The three layers of material are lightly pressed into block feed at room temperature using a feed pressing machine.
2. The preparation method of the beef cattle low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure water jet cutting in step S1 requires that the water flow direction be parallel to the direction of the plant vascular bundle extension. The cutting time is adjusted according to the material thickness to be 30 to 60 seconds per square centimeter of water impact.
3. The preparation method of the beef cattle low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient package solution in step S2 contains the following components in a mass ratio: calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5 to 2 parts, salt 0.8 to 1 part, and trace element premix 0.2 part, dissolved in 10 parts of 40°C warm water.
4. The preparation method of the beef cattle low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starch-based coating layer in step S3 is mixed with modified corn starch and slow-release urea at a mass ratio of 10:1, then water is added to make a paste and coated on the surface of the feed block, with a coating thickness of 0.5 to 1 mm.
5. A low-soybean meal and grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle, which is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The following components are included: Split fiber layer, cured protein layer, and functional coating layer.
6. The low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plant fibers in the split fiber layer are in a fluffy state after high-pressure water cutting, with a fiber length of less than 1 cm.
7. The low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The starch-based slow-release urea coating layer maintains its integrity in the rumen environment for at least 4 hours, and gradually releases the urea component after entering the intestine.
8. The low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The split fiber layer is: 50 to 60 parts by weight of sugarcane tops or corn stalks.
9. The low-soybean meal grain-saving type growth feed for beef cattle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cured protein layer is: 30 to 35 parts by weight of a mixture of rapeseed meal and cassava dregs, with the rapeseed meal accounting for no more than 60%.
10. The low-soy grain-saving beef cattle growth feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The functional coating layer is: 10 to 15 parts by weight of starch-based slow-release urea coating.