Kettle type fixed bed reactor and use method thereof
By designing a fixed-bed reactor with inner and outer tube structures and high-efficiency heat exchange, the problem of low heat and mass transfer efficiency in traditional reactors was solved, achieving stable control of reaction temperature and improvement of reaction efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511442197.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing batch reactors and fixed-bed reactors each have their own shortcomings in terms of heat and mass transfer efficiency, making it difficult to effectively control the reaction temperature, which affects the reaction conversion rate and yield.
A fixed-bed reactor with a stirred tank design was designed, which combines the advantages of both stirred tank reactors and fixed-bed reactors. It adopts an inner and outer tube structure, with the inner tube serving as a heat exchanger and the outer tube serving as a catalyst loading chamber. The uniform mixing and temperature control of the reactants are achieved through a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The annular cavity between the inner and outer tubes is used for catalyst loading, and efficient heat exchange is used to maintain a stable reaction temperature.
It achieves full contact between the reactants and the catalyst, avoids local overheating, improves heat and mass transfer efficiency, effectively controls the reaction temperature, and improves reaction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121198167A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of chemical process production equipment, in particular to a kettle type fixed bed reactor and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Kettle type reactor and fixed bed reactor are two commonly used reactors in existing chemical process devices. Kettle type reactor can quickly switch reaction system, and in batch operation, raw materials can be added at any time, temperature / pressure can be adjusted, and reaction fluctuation can be flexibly responded. Fixed bed reactor has the advantages of sufficient and stable contact between reactants and catalyst, stable continuous feeding and discharging, and no need to separate catalyst after reaction.
[0003] At the same time, the two reactors also have their own shortcomings. The main problems of kettle type reactor are: local incomplete reaction caused by uneven stirring; separate catalyst separation step; and difficult to accurately control reaction temperature and other parameters. Fixed bed reactor has the problems of lag in adjusting reaction temperature and other parameters, and difficult to deal with local overheating. The main problems of the above two types of reactors are related to heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency. For some temperature sensitive reactions, it is very important to keep the reaction temperature stable. Temperature fluctuation caused by heat absorption or heat release during the reaction will affect the conversion rate and / or yield of such reactions. As mentioned above, the traditional kettle type reactor and fixed bed reactor have their own shortcomings, and cannot well solve the above problems.
[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a kettle type fixed bed reactor and a use method thereof, which has the advantages of kettle type reactor and fixed bed reactor, and has high heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency, especially can keep the reaction temperature stable by efficient heat exchange, and improve the reaction efficiency. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application provides a kettle type fixed bed reactor and a use method thereof to solve the problems in the prior art.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: A kettle type fixed bed reactor, comprising an outer pipe cylinder, an inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger is arranged in the outer pipe cylinder, and a central cavity is formed in the area surrounded by the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger; an annular cavity is arranged between the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger and the outer pipe cylinder, and the annular cavity is a catalyst loading cavity; a catalyst placing partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the catalyst loading cavity, and the catalyst placing partition plate is an annular mesh screen plate. The lower end of the outer pipe cylinder is closed, and the upper end is provided with a cover plate; the center of the cover plate is provided with a top pipe orifice, a stirring shaft is penetrated into the top pipe orifice, the lower end of the stirring shaft extends into the central cavity, and a stirring paddle is connected to the lower end of the stirring shaft; the radial outer side of the stirring paddle is provided with a shaft flow cylinder, and the shaft flow cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger; the shaft flow cylinder cooperates with the stirring paddle to guide the fluid in the central cavity to flow downward; The upper and lower ends of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger are both open, and an upper interval is reserved between the upper end of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger and the cover plate; the outer pipe cylinder is provided with a side pipe orifice at a position corresponding to the upper interval; a lower interval is reserved between the lower end of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger and the lower end of the outer pipe cylinder.
[0007] As described above, the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger includes an annular space composed of an outer wall guard plate and an inner wall guard plate, a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes are distributed in the annular space, and the heat exchange pipes are penetrated through each other; the outer wall guard plate is fixed with an outer fin, and the inner wall guard plate is fixed with an inner fin, wherein no inner fin is welded at the inner wall guard plate of the shaft flow cylinder part; The inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger further includes a heat exchanger liquid inlet and a heat exchanger liquid outlet communicated with the heat exchange pipes, and the heat exchanger liquid inlet and the heat exchanger liquid outlet are located at the upper end of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger and extend upward from the cover plate.
[0008] As described above, the heat exchange pipes are vertically arranged in a vertical type; the outer fin and the inner fin are vertically arranged in a vertical type.
[0009] As described above, the outer wall guard plate and the inner wall guard plate are concentrically arranged.
[0010] As described above, the lower end of the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger is fixedly provided with a plurality of bottom support legs arranged at intervals along the circumference, and the lower end of the bottom support leg extends downward to be fixedly connected with the outer pipe cylinder.
[0011] As described above, a flow guide baffle is arranged directly below the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger, the flow guide baffle is fixedly connected with the bottom support leg, and a conical protrusion is arranged at the center of the flow guide baffle.
[0012] As described above, the catalyst placement partition plate is supported by a plurality of vertical rib plates fixed between the outer pipe cylinder and the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger.
[0013] As described above, the outer pipe cylinder and the inner pipe cylinder heat exchanger are concentrically arranged.
[0014] The application also discloses a use method of the kettle type fixed bed reactor, based on the kettle type fixed bed reactor, including use method A or use method B; In the use method A, the catalyst loading cavity is filled with catalyst to form a catalyst bed layer; The use method A includes the following steps: At the beginning of the reaction, according to the needs of the target reaction, appropriate cold fluid or hot fluid is introduced into the inlet of the heat exchanger as the heat exchange medium; the reactant is introduced into the reactor through the side port, and under the action of the stirring blade, the reactant is transported to the bottom of the central cavity along the direction of the axial flow cylinder, and in the process of transportation, the reactants are uniformly mixed; the uniformly mixed reactant reaches the bottom of the central cavity, passes through the catalyst placement partition plate and enters the catalyst bed layer upward to react; the residence time of the reactant in the catalyst bed layer is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring blade, so that the generated thrust is adjusted and controlled. In the using method B, the catalyst loading cavity is not placed with catalyst; the other steps of the using method B are consistent with the using method A.
[0015] As described above, in the using method A, according to the reaction rate of the target reaction, the circulation of the reactant through the catalyst bed layer is regulated.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are: The present application has the advantages of both the kettle reactor and the fixed bed reactor, and has high heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency. In particular, for some temperature sensitive reactions, the reactor can maintain the reaction temperature stable through efficient heat exchange, and improve the reaction efficiency.
[0017] The present application realizes sufficient contact of the reactant with the catalyst, without local overheating; high heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency; the reactant is fully premixed in the reactor; and the residence time of the reactant in the catalyst bed layer is easy to control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Fig. 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application; Fig. 2 The figure is a top view of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger in the present application; Fig. 3 The figure is a top view of the catalyst placement partition plate in the present application.
[0019] The figure is only used for illustrative description, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present patent; in order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some components in the figure may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the figure may be omitted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
[0021] Embodiment one: As Figs. 1 to 3As shown, the present embodiment provides a kettle type fixed bed reactor, which comprises an outer tube 1, and an inner tube heat exchanger 6 arranged concentrically in the outer tube 1. The area surrounded by the inner tube heat exchanger 6 forms a central cavity. There is an annular cavity between the inner tube heat exchanger 6 and the outer tube 1, which is a catalyst loading cavity 15. The bottom of the catalyst loading cavity 15 is provided with a catalyst placement baffle 16, which is an annular mesh screen. The catalyst placement baffle 16 is supported by a plurality of vertical rib plates 17 fixed between the outer tube 1 and the inner tube heat exchanger 6.
[0022] The lower end of the outer tube 1 is closed, and the upper end is provided with a cover plate 18. The center of the cover plate 18 is provided with a top pipe 2, and a stirring shaft 3 is inserted into the top pipe 2. The lower end of the stirring shaft 3 extends into the central cavity, and a stirring paddle 4 is connected to the lower end of the stirring shaft. The radial outer side of the stirring paddle 4 is provided with a shaft flow tube 13, which is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the inner tube heat exchanger 6. The structure of the shaft flow tube 13 can be selected in various ways, and any structure that can cooperate with the stirring paddle 4 to guide the reaction material in the central cavity to flow vertically to the bottom of the reactor can be used.
[0023] The upper and lower ends of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 are both open, and an upper gap is reserved between the upper end of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 and the cover plate 18. The outer tube 1 is provided with a side pipe 5 at a position corresponding to the upper gap. A lower gap is reserved between the lower end of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 and the lower end of the outer tube 1.
[0024] In the present embodiment, the specific structure of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 is as follows: The inner tube heat exchanger 6 comprises concentrically arranged outer wall guard plates 61 and inner wall guard plates 62, and the annular space between the outer wall guard plates 61 and the inner wall guard plates 62 is distributed with a plurality of groups of vertically arranged heat exchange pipes 63. The heat exchange pipes 63 can be interconnected in various ways. The outer wall guard plates 61 are fixedly provided with vertically arranged outer fins 9, and the inner wall guard plates 62 are fixedly provided with vertically arranged inner fins 8. However, no inner fins are welded to the inner wall guard plates 61 at the part of the shaft flow tube 13.
[0025] The inner tube heat exchanger 6 further comprises a heat exchanger liquid inlet 10 and a heat exchanger liquid outlet 11 connected to the heat exchange pipes 63. The heat exchanger liquid inlet 10 and the heat exchanger liquid outlet 11 are located at the upper end of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 and connected to corresponding extension pipes through connecting flanges, respectively. The extension pipes extend upwardly from the cover plate 18.
[0026] The lower end of the inner tube heat exchanger 6 is fixedly provided with a plurality of bottom support legs 14 arranged at intervals along the circumference. The lower end of the bottom support leg 14 extends downwardly and is fixedly connected to the outer tube 1, so as to stabilize the heat exchanger.
[0027] A flow guide baffle 19 is arranged directly below the inner tube heat exchanger 6, and the flow guide baffle 19 is fixedly connected with the bottom support leg 14. The center of the flow guide baffle 19 is provided with a conical protrusion. In this way, the reaction material is blocked after reaching the flow guide baffle, and then diffuses to the periphery and moves upward, and can smoothly enter the catalyst loading cavity 15.
[0028] The present embodiment also discloses a use method A of the kettle type fixed bed reactor. In the use method A, the catalyst loading cavity 15 is filled with catalyst to form a catalyst bed.
[0029] The use method A includes the following steps: At the beginning of the reaction, according to the needs of the target reaction, a suitable cold fluid or hot fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger inlet 10 as a heat exchange medium; the reaction material enters the reactor through the side pipe 5, and is transported to the center cavity bottom along the direction of the axial flow cylinder 13 under the action of the stirring paddle 4. In the process of transportation, the reaction materials will be uniformly mixed; the uniformly mixed reaction material will pass through the catalyst placement partition 16 and enter the catalyst bed layer upward for reaction after reaching the center cavity bottom; the residence time of the reaction material in the catalyst bed layer is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle 4, so as to adjust the generated thrust to control.
[0030] At the same time, according to the reaction rate of the target reaction, the reaction material can be adjusted to pass through the catalyst bed layer multiple times to make the reaction complete.
[0031] Embodiment two: The present embodiment discloses another use method of the kettle type fixed bed reactor, that is, use method B. In the use method B, the catalyst loading cavity is not placed with catalyst; the other steps of the use method B are consistent with the use method A.
[0032] The present embodiment is suitable for non-catalytic reaction or homogeneous catalytic reaction. When such reactions are carried out, catalysts can be placed above the catalyst placement partition. The built-in heat exchanger of the reactor can timely remove or supplement heat, so that temperature-sensitive reactions can be efficiently carried out.
[0033] Embodiment three: In the present embodiment, the fin plate shape and arrangement mode of the outer fin and the inner fin can adopt other options, such as Z-shaped arrangement.
[0034] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate but not to limit the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present application can still be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any modification or partial replacement should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.
[0035] If the terms "first", "second" or the like are used in the description herein to describe various components, it should be understood that these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. Terms such as "first", "second", and the like can be interchanged with respect to the description of the present application.
[0036] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication between the two elements inside. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
Claims
1. A tank fixed bed reactor characterized by: The outer tube cylinder is internally provided with an inner tube cylinder heat exchanger, and a central cavity is formed in a region surrounded by the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger; an annular cavity is arranged between the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger and the outer tube cylinder, and the annular cavity is a catalyst loading cavity; a catalyst placement baffle is arranged at the bottom of the catalyst loading cavity, and the catalyst placement baffle is an annular mesh screen plate. The lower end of the outer tube cylinder is closed, and the upper end is provided with a cover plate; a top pipe opening is formed in the center of the cover plate, a stirring shaft is arranged in the top pipe opening, the lower end of the stirring shaft extends into the central cavity, and a stirring paddle is connected to the lower end of the stirring shaft; an axial flow cylinder is arranged on the radial outer side of the stirring paddle, and the axial flow cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger; the axial flow cylinder cooperates with the stirring paddle to guide the fluid in the central cavity to flow downward; The upper end and the lower end of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger are both open, and an upper spacing is reserved between the upper end of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger and the cover plate; a side pipe opening is arranged on the side of the outer tube cylinder at a position corresponding to the upper spacing; a lower spacing is reserved between the lower end of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger and the lower end of the outer tube cylinder.
2. The tank fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tube cylinder heat exchanger comprises an annular space composed of an outer wall baffle and an inner wall baffle, a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes are distributed in the annular space, and the heat exchange pipes are mutually penetrated; the outer wall baffle is fixedly provided with an outer fin, and the inner wall baffle is fixedly provided with an inner fin, wherein no inner fin is welded to the inner wall baffle in the portion of the axial flow cylinder; The inner tube cylinder heat exchanger further comprises a heat exchanger liquid inlet and a heat exchanger liquid outlet which are in communication with the heat exchange pipes, and the heat exchanger liquid inlet and the heat exchanger liquid outlet are located at the upper end of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger and extend upwardly from the cover plate.
3. The tank fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange pipes are vertically arranged in a vertical standing manner; the outer fin and the inner fin are vertically arranged in a vertical standing manner.
4. The tank fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall baffle and the inner wall baffle are concentrically arranged.
5. The tank fixed bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of bottom support legs are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger and are spaced apart along the circumference, and the lower end of each bottom support leg extends downwardly and is fixedly connected to the outer tube cylinder.
6. The tank fixed bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: A flow guide baffle is arranged directly below the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger, the flow guide baffle is fixedly connected to the bottom support legs, and a conical protrusion is arranged in the center of the flow guide baffle.
7. The kettle fixed bed reactor of claim 1, wherein: The catalyst placement baffle is supported by a plurality of vertical rib plates, and the vertical rib plates are fixedly arranged between the outer tube cylinder and the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger.
8. The kettle fixed bed reactor of claim 1, wherein: The outer tube cylinder and the inner tube cylinder heat exchanger are concentrically arranged.
9. A method of use of a tank fixed bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The use method A or the use method B is used; In the use method A, the catalyst loading cavity is filled with catalysts to form a catalyst bed layer; The use method A comprises the following steps: At the beginning of the reaction, according to the needs of the target reaction, a suitable cold fluid or hot fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger liquid inlet as a heat exchange medium; the reactant is introduced into the reactor through the side pipe opening, and under the action of the stirring paddle, the reactant is transported to the bottom of the central cavity along the direction of the axial flow cylinder, in the process of transportation, the reactants are uniformly mixed; the uniformly mixed reactant reaches the bottom of the central cavity, passes through the catalyst placement baffle, and enters the catalyst bed layer to react upwardly; the residence time of the reactant in the catalyst bed layer is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle, so as to adjust the generated thrust to control it; In the use method B, the catalyst loading cavity is not placed with catalysts; the other steps of the use method B are consistent with the use method A.
10. The dead-end clamp over-pulley installation method of claim 9, wherein: In the use method A, according to the reaction rate of the target reaction, the circulation of the reactant through the catalyst bed layer is regulated multiple times. In the use method A, according to the reaction rate of the target reaction, the circulation of the reactant through the catalyst bed layer is regulated multiple times.