Multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtering device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust suppression vehicle environmental protection equipment, in particular to a multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtering device which comprises a mounting seat connected with a dust suppression vehicle, a mounting frame is fixedly mounted at the top of the mounting seat, and an upper tray and a lower tray are fixedly welded to the top and the middle of the mounting frame respectively. A rotary vertical cylinder is movably inserted in a center hole of the upper tray and a center hole of the lower tray, bearing pieces are installed on the outer side wall of the rotary vertical cylinder above the upper tray and the outer side wall of the rotary vertical cylinder above the lower tray respectively, and a variable-diameter screening and filtering assembly is installed in a vertical cylinder space of the rotary vertical cylinder. A feeding vertical pipe communicating with the interior of the screening, filtering and collecting cavity is installed in the center of the top of the rotating vertical cylinder. The universality of the device to complex materials is improved, the screening precision is guaranteed by accurately controlling the dislocation amplitude, and the problems that a traditional fixed-aperture screening device is poor in adaptability and uncontrollable in screening precision are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust suppression vehicle environmental protection equipment technology, and in particular to a multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device. Background Technology

[0002] In operations such as garbage transfer, construction waste removal, and kitchen waste treatment, a large amount of complex large particulate dust containing oil, high humidity, and many impurities is generated. If such dust particles are directly emitted, they will cause serious air pollution. Therefore, dust suppression vehicles have become an essential environmental protection equipment for such scenarios.

[0003] For example, patent document with patent application number CN202120739573.1 discloses a multi-functional dust suppression vehicle, which mainly includes a vehicle body, a water system unit, a drive unit and a dust suppression unit on the vehicle body; wherein, the dust suppression unit is installed at the rear of the chassis of the vehicle body, and the dust suppression unit includes a spray structure and a washing mechanism.

[0004] As can be seen from the above description, the dust suppression unit and its associated filtration structure have the following drawbacks when in use: First, the solution focuses on the dust suppression effect of spraying and rinsing, relying solely on a simple single-layer fixed-hole filter at the fan inlet for interception. The filtration effect is not adjustable and the filter mesh is easily clogged, usually requiring shutdown and cleaning every 2-3 hours.

[0005] Secondly, the fixed pore size of the filter screen cannot adapt to the dynamic working conditions of garbage transportation. The coarse pore size misses fine dust, while the fine pore size is prone to clogging. At the same time, it lacks a targeted cleaning structure, and it is difficult to clean manually after oil and dust adhere. In addition, traditional cleaning methods are prone to damaging the filter screen and shortening its service life.

[0006] Therefore, it is essential to design a multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device that is suitable for complex dust scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve one of the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device, comprising a mounting base connected to a dust suppression vehicle, a mounting frame fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base, an upper tray and a lower tray fixedly welded to the top and middle of the mounting frame respectively, a rotating vertical cylinder movably inserted into the central holes of the upper tray and the lower tray, support members respectively mounted on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder above the upper tray and the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder above the lower tray, a main drive transmission component also mounted on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder above the upper tray, the main drive transmission component being used to receive external driving force, a variable diameter screen filter assembly installed in the vertical cylinder space of the rotating vertical cylinder, the variable diameter screen filter assembly having a screening and collection chamber inside, a dust temporary storage space for air and fine particles to be filtered out between the variable diameter screen filter assembly and the vertical cylinder space, a feed vertical pipe connected to the inside of the screening and collection chamber installed at the top center of the rotating vertical cylinder, and a discharge unit provided below the variable diameter screen filter assembly.

[0008] During operation, the device starts up and receives external waste material through the feed riser. The rotation of the variable diameter screen assembly is maintained by starting the main drive transmission component. Centrifugal force is used to screen out particulate matter such as dust from the incoming material, thus achieving...

[0009] The axial adjuster of the variable diameter screen assembly can be pre-controlled to adjust its screening capacity (and the actual screen aperture size) according to the current screening requirements. Fine particles after centrifugal screening are collected in the dust storage space. Once a certain amount has accumulated, the dust discharge solenoid valve opens and discharges the material. Larger diameter materials remaining after screening are directly discharged downwards through the discharge unit and collected by the matching collection equipment. The relative axial position of the outer and inner screen cylinders can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation of the motor, and the guide mechanisms on both sides serve as vertical guides.

[0010] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the variable diameter screening assembly includes an outer screen cylinder and an inner screen cylinder coaxially arranged within the vertical cylinder space. The inner sidewall of the outer screen cylinder and the outer sidewall of the inner screen cylinder are movably fitted together. The surfaces of the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder are provided with a plurality of outer screen filter holes and inner screen filter holes. A material discharge chamber is provided inside the inner screen cylinder. Small-diameter dust particles of garbage entering the material discharge chamber first pass through the inner screen filter holes on the surface of the inner screen cylinder under centrifugal conditions, then pass through the outer screen filter holes on the surface of the outer screen cylinder, and then enter the dust storage space for collection. Large-diameter particles are blocked in the material discharge chamber and discharged through the discharge unit after the filtration process is completed. The lower outer sidewall of the outer screen cylinder is fixed at the lower inner sidewall of the rotating vertical cylinder. The top left and right sides of the inner screen cylinder are respectively connected to guide mechanisms, and each guide mechanism is fixed on the outer sidewall of the rotating vertical cylinder. An axial adjuster is connected between the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder.

[0011] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the guiding mechanism includes a lifting guide frame disposed in the dust storage space, a guide column is movably inserted into the guide hole at the top of the lifting guide frame, the top of the guide column is fixedly connected to the top of the inner screen cylinder through a connecting angle steel frame, and an anti-detachment spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner frame of the lifting guide frame, the top of the anti-detachment spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide column.

[0012] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the outer horizontal part of the lifting guide frame moves through the corresponding through slot on the outer side wall of the rotating cylinder and is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic end of a synchronous lifting cylinder fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating cylinder; a number of annular brushes arranged at intervals from top to bottom are fitted in the annular space formed between the two opposing lifting guide frames and the outer screen cylinder, the inner side of the bristles of each annular brush abuts against the outer side wall of the outer screen cylinder, and the outer side wall of each annular brush is fixed to the side wall of the corresponding lifting guide frame on both sides. Under the synchronous telescopic action of the two synchronous lifting cylinders, the two lifting guide frames can drive each annular brush to move up and down and clean the outer screen filter holes of the outer screen cylinder.

[0013] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following further optimization is made: in the initial state, each of the outer screen filter holes on the surface of the outer screen cylinder is directly opposite and connected to each of the inner screen filter holes on the surface of the inner screen cylinder, and its filter hole diameter is the largest; the variable diameter sieve assembly controls the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder in the vertical axis through an axial adjuster to regulate its actual filtration capacity.

[0014] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: when adjusting the actual filtration capacity of the variable diameter screen filter assembly, the corresponding outer screen filter holes and inner screen filter holes are misaligned by the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder in the vertical axis. At this time, only the mesh formed at the intersection of the outer screen filter holes and the inner screen filter holes serves as a new filtration channel. The aperture of the new filtration channel is smaller than the aperture of the outer screen filter holes and the inner screen filter holes. The small aperture varies with the amplitude of the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder in the vertical axis.

[0015] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: dust discharge solenoid valves are installed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder at the bottom of the dust storage space, and the dust discharge solenoid valves are used to connect to the external discharge pump as needed during discharge.

[0016] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a feeding ring is fixedly installed at the top of the inner screen cylinder, an upper central disk is provided at the center of the inner ring of the feeding ring, the upper central disk is fixed to the inner side wall of the feeding ring by a number of upper spokes integrally formed around its circumference, a feeding channel for material to fall is formed between adjacent upper spokes, and a spherical upper guide part is fixed at the top of the upper central disk.

[0017] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the discharge unit includes a lower central disc located directly below the inner screen cylinder, and a discharge guide bin is coaxially arranged below the lower central disc. The outer wall of the discharge guide bin is fixed to the bottom of the outer screen cylinder. The lower central disc is fixed to the upper part of the discharge guide bin by a plurality of circumferentially integrally formed lower spokes, and a discharge channel for material to fall is formed between adjacent lower spokes.

[0018] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a discharge device for controlling the opening and closing of each discharge channel is installed at the bottom of the lower central disc; the discharge device includes a limiting flange horizontally sleeved around the active solenoid below the lower central disc, a rotating disc sleeved in the space between the limiting flange and the lower central disc, a plurality of valve plates for blocking the corresponding discharge channels are spaced apart on the outer side wall of the rotating disc, an internal gear ring is fixed below the rotating disc, a control motor is fixed at the bottom right side of the limiting flange inside the internal gear ring, a control pinion is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the control motor, the control pinion meshes with the gear teeth of the internal gear ring, and when the control motor runs, the meshing of the control pinion with the internal gear ring can drive each valve plate to rotate and open or close the corresponding discharge channel as needed.

[0019] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the axial adjuster includes an active solenoid coaxially arranged at the center of the inner cavity of the inner screen cylinder and vertically arranged, a passive screw screwed into the threaded cavity at the upper part of the active solenoid, the top stepped shaft section of the passive screw movably passing through the central hole of the upper central disk, and upper limit plates fixedly welded to the outer side walls of the passive screw at the top and bottom of the upper central disk, respectively, and each upper limit plate is relatively movable with respect to the upper central disk; The lower part of the active solenoid moves through the central hole of the lower central disk and extends into the interior of the discharge guide bin. The bottom of the passive screw is fixed with a bidirectional reciprocating adjustment motor. The housing of the adjustment motor is fixed inside the discharge guide bin through a motor base. Lower limit plates are fixed on the outer side walls of the active solenoid at the upper and lower parts of the lower central disk. Each of the lower limit plates moves relative to the lower central disk.

[0020] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a corrugated protective tube is coaxially sleeved around the axial adjuster, the top of the corrugated protective tube is fixed to the bottom of the upper central plate, and the bottom of the corrugated protective tube is fixed to the top of the lower central plate.

[0021] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a number of dust cleaning nozzles are installed at intervals at the top and upper part of the dust storage space; a number of built-in cleaning nozzles are fixedly installed on the middle outer side wall of the corrugated protective pipe, and the opening of each of the built-in cleaning nozzles faces the inner side wall of the inner screen cylinder.

[0022] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the main drive transmission component includes a driven gear coaxially fixed on the upper outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder, and a drive gear with a fixed axis meshing on the right side of the driven gear, the drive gear being driven by an externally matched drive motor.

[0023] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the support component includes a support tray fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating cylinder, and a plurality of guide balls are movably engaged in the slots at the bottom of each support tray, with the bottom of each guide ball abutting against the top of the upper tray or the lower tray at its corresponding position.

[0024] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: a quick-draw mesh cloth is also sandwiched in the space between the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder, and the quick-draw mesh cloth can clean the inner wall of the outer screen cylinder and the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder when it is passively pulled upward.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves continuous stepless adjustment of the sieve aperture by using a structure in which the outer and inner sieve cylinders are coaxially arranged in a variable diameter sieve assembly and an axial adjuster. The outer sieve cylinder is fixed, while the inner sieve cylinder can move axially along the guide mechanism. By adjusting the relative positions of the two, the outer and inner sieve meshes are misaligned to different degrees. The aperture of the sieve channel formed at the intersection can be continuously varied from the maximum (two meshes are completely aligned) to the minimum (two meshes are misaligned to the point of only a small part intersecting). It can adapt to the primary screening needs of materials with different particle sizes, from fine dust to large particles, without replacing any sieve components. This not only improves the versatility of the device for complex materials, but also ensures screening accuracy by precisely controlling the misalignment range. It solves the problems of poor adaptability and uncontrollable screening accuracy of traditional fixed aperture sieve devices.

[0026] 2. This invention integrates a multi-layer cleaning system consisting of a dust cleaning nozzle, a built-in cleaning nozzle, a ring brush, and a quick-draw mesh cloth, achieving precise cleaning for different contaminated areas: the dust cleaning nozzle is installed at the top and upper part of the dust storage space, and removes the adhering dust on the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder and the inner wall of the storage space through high-pressure fluid impact; the built-in cleaning nozzle is fixed on the outer side of the middle part of the corrugated protective pipe, and performs 360° cleaning of the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder without dead angles when it rotates with the inner screen cylinder; the ring brush is driven by a synchronous lifting cylinder to move up and down along the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder, removing the clogging impurities in the outer screen filter mesh.

[0027] The combined effect of multiple cleaning structures effectively avoids screen clogging caused by dust accumulation, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the device. Compared with a single cleaning method, the cleaning efficiency is significantly improved. At the same time, the flexible cleaning method can avoid damage to the screen mesh and significantly extend the service life of core components such as the outer screen cylinder and inner screen cylinder.

[0028] 3. This invention optimizes the structure of the axial adjuster and the discharger by using an electric drive. The axial adjuster drives the passive screw to rotate through a bidirectional reciprocating adjustment motor. The rotation is converted into the axial displacement of the inner screen cylinder through the helical transmission pair between the active solenoid and the passive screw, thereby realizing the automatic micro-adjustment of the screen aperture. The discharger controls the opening and closing of the discharge channel by controlling the engagement of the control pinion and the internal gear ring through the control motor.

[0029] 4. This device adopts a coaxial rotating design of outer screen cylinder, inner screen cylinder and rotating vertical cylinder, and with the support plate and guide ball rolling friction structure of the support component, the sliding friction between the rotating vertical cylinder and the upper and lower plates is converted into rolling friction. This not only greatly reduces the vibration amplitude of the equipment during operation and controls the noise at a low level, but also effectively compresses the overall structural volume and adapts to the limited equipment integration area of ​​the dust suppression vehicle.

[0030] 5. This invention adapts to the mobile operation of dust suppression vehicles through targeted structural design: the spherical upper guide section at the top of the inner screen cylinder uses an arc-shaped surface for guidance, so that even if the material feed is deviated due to the bumps of the dust suppression vehicle, the material can still be evenly dispersed into the feeding channel; the rotating discharge unit balances the influence of gravity when climbing and going downhill through centrifugal force, ensuring that large-diameter materials enter the discharge channel evenly; the corrugated protective pipe around the axial adjuster is retractable and sealed, which can protect the screw drive pair from dust pollution and absorb the vibration generated by bumps, thereby improving the adaptability and reliability of mobile operation. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the corrugated protective pipe of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the outer screen cylinder, inner screen cylinder, and guide mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer and inner screen filter meshes with staggered adjustable apertures in the superimposed state of the outer and inner screen cylinders of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional view of the installation position of the quick-draw mesh fabric of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the internal structure of the discharge guide hopper of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Mounting frame; 3. Upper tray; 4. Lower tray; 5. Rotating vertical cylinder; 6. Screening and collecting chamber; 7. Dust storage space; 8. Feeding riser; 9. Outer screen cylinder; 10. Inner screen cylinder; 11. Outer screen mesh; 12. Inner screen mesh; 13. Discharge chamber; 14. Lifting guide frame; 15. Guide column; 16. Connecting angle steel frame; 17. Anti-detachment spring; 18. Through-slot; 19. Synchronous lifting cylinder; 20. Annular brush; 21. Adjusting motor; 22. Dust discharge solenoid valve; 23. Feeding ring; 24. Upper center plate; 25. Upper spoke; 26. 27. Feeding channel; 28. Upper guide section; 29. ​​Lower center plate; 30. Discharge guide bin; 31. Lower spoke; 32. Discharge channel; 33. Driven solenoid; 34. Limiting flange; 35. Rotary disc; 36. Valve plate; 37. Internal gear ring; 38. Control motor; 49. Control pinion; 40. Passive screw; 41. Upper limit plate; 42. Lower limit plate; 43. Motor base; 44. Corrugated protective tube; 45. Dust cleaning nozzle; 46. Built-in cleaning nozzle; 47. Driven gear; 48. Drive gear; 59. Support plate; 50. Guide ball bearing; 51. Quick-draw mesh fabric. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific structure of the present invention is as follows: Figures 1-7 As shown in the image.

[0041] Example 1: A multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device includes a mounting base 1 connected to a dust suppression vehicle. A mounting frame 2 is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base 1. An upper tray 3 and a lower tray 4 are fixedly welded to the top and middle of the mounting frame 2, respectively. A rotating vertical cylinder 5 is movably inserted into the central holes of the upper tray 3 and the lower tray 4. Supporting components are respectively installed on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5 above the upper tray 3 and on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5 above the lower tray 4. A main drive transmission component is also installed on the outer wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5. The main drive transmission component is used to receive external driving force. A variable diameter screen assembly is installed in the vertical space of the rotating vertical cylinder 5. The variable diameter screen assembly is provided with a screen collection chamber 6 inside. A dust storage space 7 for air and fine particles to be filtered out is provided between the variable diameter screen assembly and the vertical space. A feed riser 8 connected to the inside of the screen collection chamber 6 is installed at the top center of the rotating vertical cylinder 5. A discharge unit is provided below the variable diameter screen assembly.

[0042] The device starts up and receives external waste material through the feed riser 8. The rotation of the variable diameter screen assembly is maintained by starting the main drive transmission component. Centrifugal force is used to complete the initial separation of fine particles such as dust from large-diameter materials, laying the foundation for subsequent precise collection.

[0043] The axial adjuster of the variable diameter screen assembly can be pre-controlled to adjust its screening capacity (and the actual screen aperture size) according to the current screening requirements. Fine particles after centrifugal screening are collected in the dust storage space 7. After accumulating to a certain amount, the dust discharge solenoid valve 22 opens and discharges and collects the dust. The remaining large-diameter material after screening is directly discharged downward through the discharge unit and collected by the matching collection equipment. The relative axial position of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation of the motor 21. The guide mechanisms on both sides play a role in guiding the material up and down.

[0044] Material enters the device through the feed riser 8, which is connected to the internal screening and collection chamber 6 of the variable diameter screen assembly. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the variable diameter screen assembly causes fine particles such as dust in the material to move outward, pass through the variable diameter screen assembly, and enter the dust storage space 7 between the variable diameter screen assembly and the vertical cylinder space, thus achieving the separation of dust from large-diameter materials. The large-diameter materials after screening are discharged downward into the discharge unit under the action of gravity. Among them, the axial adjuster of the variable diameter screen assembly can adjust the relative axial position of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, thereby changing the actual screening aperture to adapt to different screening requirements. During the adjustment process, the guide mechanisms on both sides can ensure the straightness of the axial movement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10. After the fine particles in the dust storage space 7 accumulate to a set amount, the dust discharge solenoid valve 22 opens to discharge and collect them.

[0045] As can be seen, the overall structure adopts a modular design, with clear division of labor among components such as mounting base 1, mounting frame 2, and rotating cylinder 5, facilitating assembly and subsequent maintenance. The double support structure of upper tray 3 and lower tray 4, combined with the support components, significantly improves the rotational stability of rotating cylinder 5 and reduces vibration and noise during equipment operation. The adjustable design of the variable diameter screen filter assembly differs from the structure of traditional fixed aperture screen filter devices. The axial adjuster allows for flexible adjustment of the screen aperture without the need to replace different models of screen filter components. The coordinated design of dust storage space 7 and dust discharge solenoid valve 22 enables centralized collection and on-demand discharge of fine particles, reducing secondary dust generation. The guide mechanism ensures the accuracy of axial adjustment and prevents jamming when the outer screen cylinder 9 and inner screen cylinder 10 move relative to each other.

[0046] It should be noted that: the device separates dust and large-diameter materials from the incoming waste material by using the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the variable diameter screen assembly; at the same time, the relative position of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 is adjusted by the axial adjuster to change the actual screen aperture to adapt to different screening requirements and realize the function of adjusting the screening capacity; the dust storage space 7 collects fine particles and discharges them through the dust discharge solenoid valve 22, while the large-diameter materials are discharged through the discharge unit.

[0047] In addition, in the application scenario of mobile dust suppression vehicle, the aperture adjustment of the variable diameter screen component can adapt to the changes in the concentration of different materials during the operation of the dust suppression vehicle in real time. For example, when the dust content of the material is high, the screen aperture is reduced to improve the dust collection efficiency without stopping the machine for adjustment. The closed design of the dust storage space 7 and the controllable discharge of the dust discharge solenoid valve 22 can be coordinated with the mobile route of the dust suppression vehicle to discharge the dust in a concentrated manner at a designated collection point, avoiding secondary pollution caused by random dust discharge during mobile operation. The compact design of the overall structure can effectively save the installation space on the dust suppression vehicle while meeting the screening function, and adapt to the needs of multi-equipment integration of the dust suppression vehicle.

[0048] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the variable diameter screening assembly includes an outer screen cylinder 9 and an inner screen cylinder 10 coaxially arranged within the vertical cylindrical space. The inner sidewall of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the outer sidewall of the inner screen cylinder 10 are movably fitted and abut against each other. A plurality of outer screen mesh holes 11 and inner screen mesh holes 12 are provided on the surfaces of both the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10. A material discharge chamber 13 is provided inside the inner screen cylinder 10. Small-diameter dust particles of waste entering the material discharge chamber 13 first pass through the inner screen cylinder under centrifugal conditions. The inner screen filter 12 on the surface of the inner screen cylinder 10 passes through the outer screen filter 11 on the surface of the outer screen cylinder 9 and then enters the dust storage space 7 for collection. Large-diameter particles are blocked in the discharge chamber 13 and discharged through the discharge unit after the filtration process is completed. The lower outer side wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 is fixed at the lower inner side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5. The top left and right sides of the inner screen cylinder 10 are respectively connected to guide mechanisms, and each guide mechanism is fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5. An axial adjuster is connected between the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10.

[0049] It should be noted that after the material enters the discharge chamber 13 inside the inner screen cylinder 10, it rotates together with the inner screen cylinder 10 and the outer screen cylinder 9, generating centrifugal force. Small-diameter dust overcomes gravity and air resistance under the action of centrifugal force, first passing through the inner screen filter mesh 12 on the surface of the inner screen cylinder 10, then through the outer screen filter mesh 11 on the surface of the outer screen cylinder 9, and finally entering the dust storage space 7. Large-diameter particles are not able to pass through the inner screen filter mesh 12 and the outer screen filter mesh 11 due to insufficient centrifugal force, and are blocked in the discharge chamber 13. After the filtration process is completed, they are discharged through the discharge unit under the action of gravity. The axial adjuster connects the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10. By driving the inner screen cylinder 10 to move axially along the guide mechanism, the relative position of the outer screen filter mesh 11 and the inner screen filter mesh 12 is changed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the actual filter mesh diameter.

[0050] The design of a fixed outer screen cylinder 9 and a movable inner screen cylinder 10 allows the inner screen cylinder 10 to be driven to move axially along the guide mechanism via an axial adjuster, thereby changing the relative position of the outer screen filter mesh 11 and the inner screen filter mesh 12 and realizing the adjustment of the actual filter mesh diameter. This allows the aperture adjustment to be achieved simply by driving the inner screen cylinder 10 to move, reducing the number of moving parts and lowering the equipment failure rate.

[0051] In the application scenario of mobile screening in dust suppression vehicles, the functions of this variable diameter screen assembly are mainly reflected in the following aspects: the dynamic balance design of the coaxial double-layer structure can adapt to the inertial forces generated in different directions when the dust suppression vehicle moves, avoid the screen cylinder from rotating eccentrically due to inertial forces, and ensure the stability of screening accuracy; the movable contact structure between the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 can generate a small relative buffer when the dust suppression vehicle bumps, reduce the impact of bumps on the relative position of the screen mesh, and maintain the stability of the screen aperture; the two-stage design of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 can reduce the probability of impurities directly adhering to the screen mesh when the material contains sticky impurities, and reduce the risk of screen clogging by blocking the double-layer screen cylinder; the axial adjustment of the inner screen cylinder 10 can also be controlled by an axial adjuster.

[0052] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the guiding mechanism includes a lifting guide frame 14 disposed in the dust storage space 7, a guide column 15 is movably inserted into the guide hole at the top of the lifting guide frame 14, the top of the guide column 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner screen cylinder 10 through a connecting angle steel frame 16, and an anti-detachment spring 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner frame of the lifting guide frame 14, the top of the anti-detachment spring 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide column 15.

[0053] When the axial adjuster drives the inner screen cylinder 10 to move axially, the inner screen cylinder 10 drives the guide column 15 to move axially along the guide hole of the lifting guide frame 14 through the connecting angle steel frame 16. The guide hole restricts the radial displacement of the guide column 15, ensuring that the inner screen cylinder 10 only moves axially. The anti-detachment spring 17 can extend and deform during the movement of the guide column 15, and its preload can prevent the guide column 15 from detaching from the guide hole, ensuring the safety of the mechanism operation.

[0054] The preload of the anti-detachment spring 17 can prevent the guide column 15 from coming out of the guide hole, thus avoiding equipment failure. The anti-detachment spring 17 can expand and contract when the guide column 15 moves and the equipment vibrates, thus playing a buffering role and reducing the impact and wear of the guide components.

[0055] In addition, the tight fit between the guide hole and the guide column 15 and the pre-tightening effect of the anti-detachment spring 17 can maintain the stability of the guiding accuracy and ensure the accuracy of the relative position adjustment between the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12.

[0056] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the outer horizontal part of the lifting guide frame 14 moves through the corresponding through slot 18 on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5 and is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic end of a synchronous lifting cylinder 19 fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5; a number of annular brushes 20 arranged from top to bottom are fitted in the annular space formed between the two opposing lifting guide frames 14 and the outer screen cylinder 9, the inner side of the bristles of each annular brush 20 abuts against the outer side wall of the outer screen cylinder 9, and the outer side wall of each annular brush 20 is fixed to the side wall of the corresponding lifting guide frame 14 on both sides. Under the synchronous telescopic action of the two synchronous lifting cylinders 19, the two lifting guide frames 14 can drive each annular brush 20 to move up and down and clean each outer screen filter hole 11 of the outer screen cylinder 9.

[0057] It should be noted that when it is necessary to clean the outer screen filter hole 11 of the outer screen cylinder 9, the telescopic end of the synchronous lifting cylinder 19 drives the lifting guide frame 14 to move up and down along the through long groove 18. The lifting guide frame 14 drives the annular brush 20 to move up and down synchronously. The bristles on the inner side of the annular brush 20 rub against the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 to remove the dust and other impurities that are blocked in the outer screen filter hole 11.

[0058] Synchronous lifting cylinder 19 drives two opposing lifting guide frames 14 to move synchronously, ensuring the stability of the annular brush 20 when it moves up and down, avoiding tilting of the annular brush 20 due to uneven force, and ensuring that the bristles are in uniform contact with the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9; several annular brushes 20 arranged at intervals from top to bottom can achieve full coverage cleaning of the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9, avoiding cleaning dead corners and improving cleaning effect; the design of the bristles of the annular brush 20 abutting against the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 adopts a flexible contact method, which ensures cleaning effect while avoiding damage to the outer screen filter mesh 11; multiple annular brushes 20 arranged at intervals can cover the entire height range of the outer screen cylinder 9, achieving cleaning without dead corners.

[0059] In continuous mobile operation scenarios of dust suppression vehicles, the cleaning mechanism can perform cleaning operations simultaneously with the screening operation of the device, achieving simultaneous screening and cleaning without stopping the machine, meeting the needs of continuous operation of dust suppression vehicles, and significantly improving work efficiency; the extension and retraction speed of the synchronous lifting cylinder 19 can be adjusted according to the degree of clogging of the outer screen filter mesh 11. For example, when the dust concentration is high and the clogging is severe, the lifting speed can be increased to enhance the cleaning effect, adapting to different working conditions; the bristles of the annular brush 20 can be made of wear-resistant and anti-static materials, which are not prone to generating static electricity during friction cleaning, avoiding dust from being attracted to the bristles due to static electricity and affecting the cleaning effect, while also being suitable for long-term use in dusty environments; the joint between the lifting guide frame 14 and the through-long groove 18 adopts a gap sealing design to prevent dust from leaking from the through-long groove 18, while not affecting the movement of the lifting guide frame 14, taking into account both sealing and movement requirements.

[0060] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: In the initial state, each of the outer screen filter holes 11 on the surface of the outer screen cylinder 9 is respectively aligned and connected with each of the inner screen filter holes 12 on the surface of the inner screen cylinder 10, and its filter hole diameter is the largest; the variable diameter sieve filter assembly controls the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 in the vertical axis through the axial adjuster to regulate its actual sieve filtering capacity.

[0061] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: when adjusting the actual filtration capacity of the variable diameter screen filter assembly, the corresponding outer screen filter hole 11 and inner screen filter hole 12 are misaligned by the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 in the vertical axis. At this time, only the mesh formed at the intersection of the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12 serves as a new filtration channel. The aperture of the new filtration channel is smaller than the aperture of the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12. The small aperture changes with the amplitude of the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 in the vertical axis.

[0062] It should be noted that the aperture control of the variable diameter screen filter assembly is achieved based on the relative axial displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10. In the initial state, the outer screen filter mesh 11 of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen filter mesh 12 of the inner screen cylinder 10 are completely aligned and connected. At this time, the screening channel is the overlapping part of the outer screen filter mesh 11 and the inner screen filter mesh 12, the aperture reaches the maximum, and the screening capacity is the strongest.

[0063] When it is necessary to reduce the screen aperture, the axial adjuster drives the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 to move relative to each other along the vertical axis (the inner screen cylinder 10 moves and the outer screen cylinder 9 is fixed), so that the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12 are no longer completely aligned and are misaligned; at this time, the screen channel is only the intersection of the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12, and the area of ​​the intersection is smaller than the area of ​​a single screen filter hole. Therefore, the new screen channel aperture is smaller than the aperture of the outer screen filter hole 11 and the inner screen filter hole 12.

[0064] The greater the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, the higher the degree of misalignment between the outer screen filter mesh 11 and the inner screen filter mesh 12, the smaller the intersection of the two, and the smaller the aperture of the new screening channel; conversely, the smaller the relative displacement, the larger the intersection and the larger the aperture.

[0065] The screen aperture is adjusted by misalignment, enabling continuous stepless adjustment. Compared to traditional screen replacement methods, this offers a wider adjustment range and higher precision, adapting to more diverse screening needs. The initial maximum aperture design facilitates rapid material passage during startup, reducing material accumulation and simplifying cleaning and maintenance. The relative axial displacement adjustment between the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 features a simple and reliable mechanical structure with few moving parts, a low failure rate, and smooth adjustment with minimal impact on the screening process. The aperture size is linearly related to the relative displacement amplitude, allowing operators to precisely control the aperture according to screening requirements and improving the controllability of screening accuracy. This adjustment method requires no additional auxiliary equipment, achieving the desired result solely through an axial adjuster, reducing equipment complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0066] In addition, the core function of this optimized structure is to achieve precise control of the pore size of the variable diameter screen assembly. The pore size is continuously adjustable by adjusting the relative axial displacement of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, allowing for dynamic and continuous adjustment from maximum to minimum. The precision control function allows for precise control of the pore size by controlling the relative displacement amplitude, meeting different sieve requirements. The initial state reset function allows the axial adjuster to drive the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 back to a fully aligned state, restoring the maximum pore size. The sieve capacity adaptation function pre-adjusts the pore size according to the different particle size distributions of dust in the material to match the corresponding sieve capacity, ensuring effective sieve screening.

[0067] It should also be noted that: when the dust suppression vehicle travels through areas with high dust concentration and small particle size, the aperture is quickly reduced to improve dust collection efficiency; when traveling through areas with large particle size, the aperture is increased to avoid clogging, without the need for machine stoppage and adjustment, thus improving operational adaptability; the relative axial displacement control method has a fast response speed, requiring only a short displacement to adjust from the maximum aperture to the minimum aperture, which can quickly respond to sudden changes in screening requirements, such as when encountering sudden high concentration dust pollution, the aperture is quickly reduced for efficient filtration; when the dust suppression vehicle travels on bumps, the relative position of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10 is not prone to accidental displacement, ensuring aperture stability and avoiding the impact of bumps on screening accuracy; the particle size distribution of the material can be detected by deploying sensors, and the aperture can be automatically adjusted in conjunction with the axial adjuster, adapting to the automated operation of the dust suppression vehicle.

[0068] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: dust discharge solenoid valves 22 are installed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder 5 at the bottom of the dust storage space 7. The dust discharge solenoid valves 22 are used to connect to the external discharge pump as needed during discharge.

[0069] The dust storage space 7 is used to collect fine particles filtered out by the outer screen mesh 11. As the screening operation proceeds, the fine particles gradually accumulate in the dust storage space 7.

[0070] The dust discharge solenoid valves 22 installed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder 5 are the outlet control components of the dust storage space 7. In the initial state, the dust discharge solenoid valves 22 are in the closed state to ensure the sealing of the dust storage space 7 and prevent dust leakage before the set accumulation amount is reached. When the dust in the dust storage space 7 accumulates to the set amount, the existing control system sends a signal to open the dust discharge solenoid valves 22. At the same time, an external discharge pump is connected to the dust discharge solenoid valves 22 as needed. The negative or positive pressure generated by the discharge pump can accelerate the discharge of dust, so that the dust is quickly and thoroughly discharged from the dust storage space 7 to the collection equipment. When the dust is discharged to the set amount, the control system sends a signal to close the dust discharge solenoid valves 22, completing one discharge process.

[0071] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a feeding ring 23 is fixedly installed at the top of the inner screen cylinder 10, an upper central disk 24 is provided at the center of the inner ring of the feeding ring 23, the upper central disk 24 is fixed to the inner side wall of the feeding ring 23 by a plurality of upper spokes 25 integrally formed around its circumference, a feeding channel 26 for material to fall is formed between adjacent upper spokes 25, and a spherical upper guide part 27 is fixed at the top of the upper central disk 24.

[0072] After the material is discharged from the feed riser 8, it first falls on the surface of the spherical upper guide section 27. Due to the arc-shaped structure of the spherical surface, the material is dispersed and slid outwards along the surface of the upper guide section 27 under the action of gravity, entering the feed channel 26 between adjacent upper spokes 25. Multiple evenly distributed feed channels 26 evenly distribute the material into the dropping chamber 13 inside the inner screen cylinder 10, so that the material is evenly distributed in the dropping chamber 13. At the same time, the feed ring 23 rotates synchronously with the inner screen cylinder 10. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation can assist the material to fall quickly along the feed channel 26, avoiding the accumulation of material in the feed channel 26.

[0073] The arc-shaped surface design of the spherical upper guide section 27 allows materials to be quickly dispersed in all directions, preventing material accumulation in the feeding center and reducing impact wear on the feeding structure. Several circumferentially evenly distributed upper spokes 25 form multiple uniform feeding channels 26, which can evenly distribute materials into the dropping chamber 13 of the inner screen cylinder 10, ensuring uniform force on the materials during rotary screening and improving screening accuracy. Centrifugal force is used to assist the material in falling, preventing blockage of the feeding channels 26 and improving feeding efficiency. The overall structure of the feeding ring 23 is compact, installed on the top of the inner screen cylinder 10 without occupying extra space, and its precise fit with the feeding riser 8 ensures smooth material transfer.

[0074] The core function of the feeding ring 23 structure is to achieve stable and uniform feeding of materials. The spherical upper guide part 27 disperses the material discharged from the feeding riser 8 to the surrounding area and guides the material into the feeding channel 26. Multiple evenly distributed feeding channels 26 distribute the material evenly to the discharge chamber 13 of the inner screen cylinder 10, ensuring that the material is evenly distributed in the discharge chamber 13. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation assists the material to fall along the feeding channel 26, avoiding the accumulation and blockage of the material in the feeding channel 26.

[0075] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the discharge unit includes a lower central disk 28 located directly below the inner screen cylinder 10, and a discharge guide bin 29 is coaxially arranged below the lower central disk 28. The outer wall of the discharge guide bin 29 is fixed to the bottom of the outer screen cylinder 9. The lower central disk 28 is fixed to the upper part of the discharge guide bin 29 by a plurality of circumferentially integrally formed lower spokes 30. A discharge channel 31 for material to fall is formed between adjacent lower spokes 30.

[0076] Under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, large-diameter materials in the inner screen cylinder 10's discharge chamber 13 fall downwards into the discharge unit directly below the inner screen cylinder 10. They first come into contact with the lower central disc 28. As the lower central disc 28 rotates synchronously with the device, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation disperses the material in all directions, allowing the material to enter the discharge channel 31 formed between adjacent lower spokes 30. The discharge channel 31 guides the material to the lower discharge guide bin 29. The conical or cylindrical structure of the discharge guide bin 29 further gathers the material, which is finally discharged to the external matching collection equipment.

[0077] Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this example also includes the following technical features: Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a discharge device for controlling the opening and closing of each discharge channel 31 is installed at the bottom of the lower central disk 28; the discharge device includes a limiting flange 33 horizontally sleeved around the active solenoid 32 below the lower central disk 28, a rotating disk 34 is sleeved in the space between the limiting flange 33 and the lower central disk 28, and a plurality of holes for blocking the corresponding discharge channels are spaced apart on the outer wall of the rotating disk 34. The valve plate 35 of the channel 31 has an internal gear ring 36 fixed below the rotating disk 34. The right bottom of the limiting flange 33 inside the internal gear ring 36 is fixed with a control motor 37. A control pinion 38 is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the control motor 37. The control pinion 38 meshes with the gear teeth of the internal gear ring 36. When the control motor 37 is running, the meshing of the control pinion 38 with the internal gear ring 36 can drive each valve plate 35 to rotate and open or close the corresponding discharge channel 31 as needed.

[0078] When the discharge channel 31 needs to be opened, the control motor 37 rotates, driving the control pinion 38 to rotate. The control pinion 38 drives the internal gear ring 36 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating disk 34 to rotate synchronously. The rotating disk 34 drives the valve plate 35 to rotate, causing the valve plate 35 to disengage from the discharge channel 31, thus opening the discharge channel 31. Large-diameter materials can then enter the discharge guide hopper 29 through the discharge channel 31. When the discharge channel 31 needs to be closed, the control motor 37 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the valve plate 35 to rotate in the opposite direction to the position that blocks the discharge channel 31, thereby closing the discharge channel 31.

[0079] In this optimized scheme, a control motor 37 is used in conjunction with a gear transmission mechanism to drive the valve plate 35 to rotate. This results in high transmission efficiency and stable operation, improving the response speed and control accuracy of the opening and closing of the discharge channel 31 compared to manual control. The one-to-one correspondence between the valve plate 35 and the discharge channel 31 allows for selective opening and closing of the discharge channel 31, enhancing the flexibility of discharge control and enabling adjustment of the discharge rate based on the material accumulation. The limiting flange 33 provides a stable installation positioning reference for the rotating disk 34 and limits its axial displacement, ensuring precise alignment between the valve plate 35 and the discharge channel 31. The meshing transmission structure between the internal gear ring 36 and the control pinion 38 provides a stable transmission ratio and strong load-bearing capacity, adapting to the vibration environment during the discharge of large-diameter materials and extending the service life of the discharger. The discharger is integrated and installed at the bottom of the lower central disk 28, resulting in a compact structure that does not affect the original layout of the discharge unit and facilitates compatibility with existing structures. The valve plate 35 corresponds one-to-one with the discharge channel 31. One or more discharge channels 31 can be opened as needed to adjust the discharge flow rate.

[0080] In mobile dust suppression vehicle operations, the motor 37 can be remotely controlled via the vehicle-mounted control system to remotely open and close the discharge channel 31, eliminating the need for operators to approach the rotating device and improving safety and convenience during mobile operations. The gear transmission mechanism has excellent vibration resistance, ensuring that the alignment accuracy between the valve plate 35 and the discharge channel 31 is not easily affected when the dust suppression vehicle is moving bumpily, preventing valve plate 35 from failing to seal or the discharge channel 31 from accidentally opening / closing due to bumps. The discharge channel 31 can be opened intermittently according to the dust suppression vehicle's operating rhythm, for example, when the dust suppression vehicle stops moving to collect materials. The valve plate 35 is made of wear-resistant and elastic material, which can adapt to slight vibration and displacement when blocking the discharge channel 31, while reducing the impact and wear of the material on the valve plate 35 and extending its service life under complex mobile conditions. The independent control of multiple discharge channels 31 can open some channels to discharge regular large-diameter materials when large impurities are mixed in the material, and close the channels corresponding to the impurities. The discharge can be resumed after the impurities are cleaned during the operation interval, which improves the adaptability to complex materials.

[0081] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the axial adjuster includes an active solenoid 32 coaxially disposed at the center of the inner cavity of the inner screen cylinder 10 and vertically arranged; a passive screw 40 is screwed into the threaded cavity at the upper part of the active solenoid 32; the top stepped shaft section of the passive screw 40 movably passes through the central hole of the upper central disk 24; upper limit disks 41 are respectively fixedly welded to the outer side walls of the passive screw 40 at the top and bottom of the upper central disk 24; each upper limit disk 41 is connected to the upper... The lower part of the drive screw 32 moves relative to the center disc 24 of the lower center disc 28 and extends into the discharge guide hopper 29. The bottom of the driven screw 40 is fixed with a bidirectional reciprocating adjustment motor 21. The housing of the adjustment motor 21 is fixed inside the discharge guide hopper 29 by a motor base 44. Lower limit discs 42 are fixed on the outer side walls of the drive screw 32 at the top and bottom of the lower center disc 28. Each lower limit disc 42 moves relative to the lower center disc 28.

[0082] It should be noted that: the active solenoid 32 is coaxially arranged in the center of the inner cavity of the inner screen cylinder 10 and is in a vertical state. Its upper threaded tube cavity is screwed into the passive screw 40 to form a transmission mechanism that can convert rotational motion into axial linear motion. The stepped shaft section at the top of the passive screw 40 moves through the center hole of the upper central disk 24. The upper limit plates 41 at the top and bottom of the upper central disk 24 are fixed to the outer wall of the passive screw 40 by welding. The two upper limit plates 41 clamp the upper central disk 24 in the middle, restricting the axial displacement of the passive screw 40 and allowing it to rotate only around its own axis. The lower part of the active solenoid 32 moves through the center hole of the lower central disk 28 and extends into the discharge guide hopper 29. The lower limit plates 42 at the top and bottom of the lower central disk 28 are fixed to the outer wall of the active solenoid 32, restricting the axial movement of the active solenoid 32, allowing it to move axially and rotate synchronously with the inner screen cylinder 10.

[0083] The bottom of the passive screw 40 is fixedly connected to the output end of the bidirectional reciprocating regulating motor 21. The regulating motor 21 is fixed inside the discharge guide hopper 29 through the motor base 44, providing a fixed power source for the entire transmission mechanism.

[0084] When the sieve aperture needs to be adjusted, the adjusting motor 21 receives the control signal and rotates forward or backward, driving the passive screw 40 to rotate synchronously. Since the passive screw 40 is restricted from axial movement by the upper limit plate 41, its rotational motion is converted into the axial linear motion (rising or falling) of the active screw tube 32 through the screw transmission pair. The active screw tube 32 drives the inner sieve cylinder 10 to move synchronously along the guide mechanism, realizing the relative displacement between the outer sieve cylinder 9 and the inner sieve cylinder 10, thereby dynamically adjusting the misalignment of the outer sieve mesh 11 and the inner sieve mesh 12, and changing the actual sieve aperture.

[0085] The screw drive pair of the active solenoid 32 and the passive screw 40 has high transmission efficiency and stable transmission ratio, enabling minute axial displacement of the inner screen cylinder 10. This allows for more precise adjustment of the sieve aperture, adapting to the screening needs of materials with different particle sizes. The symmetrical design of the upper limit plate 41 and the lower limit plate 42 axially limits the passive screw 40 and the active solenoid 32 respectively, effectively preventing axial movement of components during transmission and ensuring the stability and adjustment accuracy of the screw drive. The regulating motor 21 is fixed inside the discharge guide hopper 29 via the motor base 44. This location is far from the screening area with high dust concentration, reducing dust pollution and wear on the motor. At the same time, the enclosed environment of the discharge guide hopper 29 provides a certain degree of protection for the motor, extending its service life. The screw drive structure has a self-locking characteristic. When the regulating motor 21 stops, the friction between the active solenoid 32 and the passive screw 40 keeps the inner screen cylinder 10 in its current axial position, preventing unexpected changes in aperture due to device vibration or bumps, and improving operational stability.

[0086] In addition, in the mobile operation scenario of dust suppression vehicles, automated control can adapt to the dynamic operation needs of dust suppression vehicles. After detecting the particle size or dust concentration of materials through on-board sensors, the electronic control system can automatically control the adjusting motor 21 to adjust the aperture, realizing closed-loop control of detection-control-screening, reducing manual intervention and improving the automation level of mobile operations. The self-locking characteristic of the screw drive can effectively resist the axial impact force generated when the dust suppression vehicle is moving bumpily, preventing the inner screen cylinder 10 from accidentally shifting and causing changes in aperture, ensuring the stability of screening accuracy, and adapting to complex road conditions. The speed of the adjusting motor 21 can be flexibly adjusted according to the operation requirements. When it is necessary to quickly respond to sudden changes in materials (such as encountering high concentrations of fine dust), the motor speed can be increased to speed up the aperture adjustment speed. When fine adjustment is required, the speed can be reduced to improve the control flexibility. When operating at high speed, the aperture is automatically enlarged to improve processing efficiency, and when operating at low speed and with fine precision, the aperture is reduced to improve filtration accuracy, realizing intelligent adaptation.

[0087] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a corrugated protective tube 45 is coaxially sleeved around the axial adjuster, the top of the corrugated protective tube 45 is fixed to the bottom of the upper central disk 24, and the bottom of the corrugated protective tube 45 is fixed to the top of the lower central disk 28.

[0088] When the axial adjuster drives the inner screen cylinder 10 to move axially, the distance between the upper center plate 24 and the lower center plate 28 changes with the movement of the inner screen cylinder 10. The corrugated protective tube 45, with its own expandable corrugated structure, stretches or compresses synchronously with the change in distance, always maintaining a protective wrapping around the axial adjuster. At the same time, the fixing method of the corrugated protective tube 45 ensures that it rotates together with the upper center plate 24 and the lower center plate 28, avoiding relative friction with the rotating axial adjuster that could cause damage.

[0089] The core function of the corrugated protective tube 45 is to provide dynamic protection for the axial adjuster. Specifically, it includes: blocking dust and material debris from entering the helical transmission pair of the active solenoid 32 and the passive screw 40, thus protecting the transmission components; adapting to the changes in the distance between the upper central disc 24 and the lower central disc 28 caused by the axial movement of the inner screen cylinder 10 through the expansion and contraction deformation of the corrugated structure, thus maintaining a protective state at all times; rotating together with the upper central disc 24 and the lower central disc 28 to avoid relative friction with the axial adjuster; reducing airflow disturbance caused by the rotation of the axial adjuster and suppressing secondary dust; and preventing external debris from impacting the axial adjuster, thus providing physical protection for the transmission components.

[0090] In mobile dust suppression vehicle operations, the elasticity of the corrugated structure can provide shock absorption and cushioning. When the dust suppression vehicle is moving bumpily, it can absorb some of the vibration energy transmitted to the axial adjuster, reducing the impact of vibration on the screw drive pair and protecting the transmission accuracy. For dust suppression vehicles operating in harsh environments such as high dust and high humidity, the full-coverage design of the corrugated protective pipe 45 can effectively isolate moisture and corrosive dust, preventing rust or corrosion of the axial adjuster components and improving the adaptability of the device under harsh conditions. The extension and retraction of the corrugated protective pipe 45 can indirectly reflect the axial displacement of the inner screen cylinder 10. By setting scale markings on the outside of the corrugated protective pipe 45, the current aperture adjustment status can be displayed intuitively, facilitating on-site observation and calibration by operators and adapting to the on-site debugging needs during mobile operations. The corrugated protective pipe 45 can be made of materials with certain sound insulation effects, which can reduce the noise generated by the axial adjuster transmission during rotation and extension, reducing the overall noise pollution during dust suppression vehicle operation and meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0091] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: a number of dust cleaning nozzles 46 are installed at intervals on the top and upper part of the dust storage space 7; a number of built-in cleaning nozzles 47 are fixedly installed on the middle outer side wall of the corrugated protective pipe 45, and the openings of each of the built-in cleaning nozzles 47 face the inner side wall of the inner screen cylinder 10.

[0092] Dust cleaning nozzles 46 are installed at intervals on the top and upper part of the dust storage space 7. The nozzles spray towards the inner wall of the dust storage space 7 and the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9. They are connected to an external high-pressure air source or high-pressure water source through pipelines. When the dust accumulated in the dust storage space 7 becomes compacted or dust adheres to the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9, high-pressure fluid (gas or liquid) is sprayed out through the dust cleaning nozzles 46 to impact the inner wall of the dust storage space 7 and the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9, causing the compacted dust to loosen and the adhered dust to fall off. The fallen dust falls to the bottom of the dust storage space 7 by gravity and is discharged through the dust discharge solenoid valve 22. The built-in cleaning nozzle 47 is fixedly installed on the middle outer wall of the corrugated protective pipe 45, with its opening facing the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder 10, and is also connected to an external high-pressure fluid source. During the rotation of the inner screen cylinder 10, the high-pressure fluid sprayed from the built-in cleaning nozzle 47 impacts the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder 10, removing material impurities adhering to the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder 10 and the inner screen filter mesh 12, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the inner screen filter mesh 12.

[0093] The system employs a dual-path design with dust cleaning nozzles 46 and built-in cleaning nozzles 47, respectively cleaning the dust storage space 7 (external area) and the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder 10 (internal area), achieving comprehensive cleaning of the screening system. The dust cleaning nozzles 46 are installed on the top and upper part of the dust storage space 7, and their spaced arrangement ensures that the spray range covers the entire inner wall of the dust storage space 7 and the outer wall of the outer screen cylinder 9, resulting in a wide and uniform cleaning range. The built-in cleaning nozzles 47 are fixed to the outer wall of the corrugated protective pipe 45, and their cleaning efficiency is higher than that of fixed nozzles. The nozzles can be selected as high-pressure gas or high-pressure liquid as the medium according to the cleaning requirements. Gas cleaning is suitable for screening moisture-sensitive materials, while liquid cleaning is suitable for removing stubborn impurities, improving the flexibility of the cleaning method.

[0094] In mobile dust suppression vehicle operations, the high-pressure gas cleaning method can be activated in real time during the operation. Airflow disturbance prevents dust from caking in the dust storage space 7, while the airflow also assists the dust in flowing towards the discharge port, improving discharge efficiency and meeting the continuous discharge requirements during mobile operations. The rotating cleaning of the built-in cleaning nozzles 47 can be performed simultaneously during screening, avoiding a decrease in screening efficiency due to screen blockage. Cleaning is not required without stopping the machine, meeting the requirements for continuous operation of the dust suppression vehicle. When the dust suppression vehicle operates in cold regions, hot air can be sprayed through the dust cleaning nozzles 46. This not only cleans the dust but also prevents dust from caking in the dust storage space 7 due to low temperatures. It also provides anti-freezing protection for the nozzles themselves, improving their adaptability to low-temperature conditions. The reaction force generated by the high-pressure fluid jet can, to some extent, balance the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the device, reducing uneven stress on the dust suppression vehicle chassis and improving the overall stability of the device during mobile operations.

[0095] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the main drive transmission component includes a driven gear 48 coaxially fixed on the upper outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5, and a fixed-axis drive gear 49 meshing on the right side of the driven gear 48, the drive gear 49 being driven by an externally matched drive motor.

[0096] When the device is started, the drive motor is powered on and runs, driving the drive gear 49 to rotate around its own fixed axis. The drive gear 49 transmits power to the driven gear 48 through gear meshing. The driven gear 48 drives the rotating vertical cylinder 5 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the variable diameter screen filter assembly inside the rotating vertical cylinder 5 to rotate, providing power for centrifugal screening.

[0097] The parallel shaft gear transmission mechanism features high transmission efficiency and precise, stable transmission ratio, ensuring uniform rotational speed of the rotating cylinder 5 and improving the accuracy and stability of centrifugal screening. The driven gear 48 is coaxially fixed to the upper outer wall of the rotating cylinder 5, while the drive gear 49 is fixedly mounted on the right side. This compact layout occupies little space and is suitable for installations in dust suppression vehicles with limited space. The gear transmission has strong load-bearing capacity, adapting to load fluctuations generated during screening of the variable diameter screen assembly, preventing overload damage to the transmission mechanism, and improving the reliability of the device. The drive motor and drive gear 49 are connected by a coupling, facilitating motor installation, disassembly, and maintenance. The coupling also absorbs some vibration, reducing the impact of motor vibration on the gear transmission.

[0098] In addition, in the mobile operation scenario of the dust suppression vehicle, the coaxial fixed structure of the driven gear 48 and the rotating vertical cylinder 5 plays a certain flywheel role. The rotational inertia of the gear stabilizes the rotational speed of the rotating vertical cylinder 5, reduces the impact of the dust suppression vehicle engine speed fluctuation on the screening speed, and ensures stable screening accuracy.

[0099] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the support component includes a support tray 51 fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating vertical cylinder 5, and a plurality of guide balls 52 are movably engaged in the slots at the bottom of each support tray 51, with the bottom of each guide ball 52 abutting against the top of the upper tray 3 or the lower tray 4 at its corresponding position.

[0100] When the rotating cylinder 5 rotates, it drives the support tray 51 to rotate synchronously. The guide balls 52 at the bottom of the support tray 51 roll in the slot and roll along the top of the upper tray 3 or the lower tray 4 at the same time, converting the sliding friction between the rotating cylinder 5 and the upper tray 3 or the lower tray 4 into rolling friction, thereby reducing the rotational resistance.

[0101] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: a quick-draw mesh cloth 53 is also clamped in the space between the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10. When the quick-draw mesh cloth 53 is passively pulled upward, it can clean the inner wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner wall of the inner screen cylinder 10.

[0102] The quick-draw mesh fabric 53 is made of a mesh fabric with certain toughness and wear resistance. Its size is adapted to the height and circumference of the interval cavity. It is laid flat and clamped in the interval cavity. The edge of the mesh fabric can make slight contact with the wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 or the inner screen cylinder 10. The top of the quick-draw mesh fabric 53 extends to the outer top of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, and is connected to the external matching pull mechanism (such as a manual pull ring or an electric winch).

[0103] When dust or impurities adhere to the walls of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, causing blockage of the filter mesh, the quick-release mesh cloth 53 is passively pulled upwards by an external pulling mechanism. During the upward movement, the mesh structure of the quick-release mesh cloth 53 makes frictional contact with the inner wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the outer wall of the inner screen cylinder 10, scraping off the dust and impurities adhering to the two walls. The scraped dust and impurities fall into the dust storage space 7 or the discharge unit under the action of gravity, achieving cleaning. After cleaning, the quick-release mesh cloth 53 can fall back into the spacer cavity by its own weight or the reset mechanism, restoring its initial state.

[0104] The mesh material has good air permeability, larger pore size and toughness than the filter holes. When sandwiched in the interval cavity, it will not affect the dust passing through the outer screen filter mesh 11 into the dust storage space 7, and will not interfere with the normal screening function. The quick-draw mesh 53 has low manufacturing cost and can be quickly replaced after damage, reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0105] In mobile dust suppression vehicle operations, the quick-release mesh fabric 53 can be quickly pulled out and cleaned during brief stops of the dust suppression vehicle. The cleaning process takes only a few seconds and will not affect the overall work efficiency, making it suitable for the intermittent cleaning needs of mobile operations. For highly viscous material impurities, the mesh structure of the quick-release mesh fabric 53 can catch the impurities and bring them out of the inter-cavity with the pulling action. The cleaning effect is better than high-pressure airflow or liquid cleaning, making it suitable for screening complex viscous materials. The quick-release mesh fabric 53 can also play a certain buffering role in the inter-cavity. When the dust suppression vehicle bumps and causes slight radial displacement between the outer screen cylinder 9 and the inner screen cylinder 10, it can prevent direct friction and collision between the walls of the two screen cylinders, protecting the screen cylinder structure.

[0106] In addition, the quick-draw mesh cloth 53 can clean the attached impurities on the inner wall of the outer screen cylinder 9 and the outer wall of the inner screen cylinder 10, achieving the wall cleaning function: when pulled upwards, the attached dust and impurities are scraped off through the friction between the mesh structure and the screen cylinder wall; achieving the anti-clogging function: removing attached impurities from the screen mesh openings, preventing the screen mesh openings from clogging, and maintaining screening efficiency; flexible contact avoids damage to the screen cylinder wall and screen mesh openings; does not interfere with the screening function: the breathable mesh structure does not affect the normal filtration of dust.

[0107] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or transformations made to the implementation of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0108] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device, comprising a mounting base connected to a dust suppression vehicle, a mounting frame fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base, and an upper tray and a lower tray fixedly welded to the top and middle of the mounting frame, respectively, characterized in that: Rotating vertical cylinders are movably inserted into the central holes of the upper and lower trays. Supporting components are installed on the outer walls of the rotating vertical cylinders above the upper and lower trays, respectively. A main drive transmission component is also installed on the outer wall of the rotating vertical cylinder above the upper tray. The main drive transmission component is used to receive external driving force. A variable diameter screen assembly is installed in the vertical space of the rotating vertical cylinder. The variable diameter screen assembly has a screening and collection chamber inside. A dust storage space for air and fine particles to be filtered out is provided between the variable diameter screen assembly and the vertical space. A feed vertical pipe connected to the inside of the screening and collection chamber is installed at the top center of the rotating vertical cylinder. A discharge unit is provided below the variable diameter screen assembly.

2. The multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter screening assembly includes an outer screen cylinder and an inner screen cylinder coaxially arranged within the vertical cylinder space. The inner sidewall of the outer screen cylinder and the outer sidewall of the inner screen cylinder are movably fitted together. Both the surface of the outer screen cylinder and the surface of the inner screen cylinder are provided with a plurality of outer screen filter holes and inner screen filter holes. A material discharge chamber is provided inside the inner screen cylinder. Small-diameter dust particles of garbage entering the material discharge chamber first pass through the inner screen filter holes on the surface of the inner screen cylinder under centrifugal conditions, then pass through the outer screen filter holes on the surface of the outer screen cylinder, and then enter the dust storage space for collection. Large-diameter particles are blocked in the material discharge chamber and discharged through the discharge unit after the filtration process is completed. The lower outer sidewall of the outer screen cylinder is fixed to the lower inner sidewall of the rotating vertical cylinder. The top left and right sides of the inner screen cylinder are respectively connected to guide mechanisms, and each guide mechanism is fixed to the outer sidewall of the rotating vertical cylinder. An axial adjuster is connected between the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder.

3. The multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the initial state, each of the outer screen filter holes on the surface of the outer screen cylinder is directly opposite and connected to each of the inner screen filter holes on the surface of the inner screen cylinder, and its filter hole diameter is at its maximum. The variable diameter sieve assembly controls the relative displacement of the outer screen cylinder and the inner screen cylinder in the vertical axis through an axial adjuster to regulate its actual filtration capacity.

4. The multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Dust discharge solenoid valves are installed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rotating cylinder at the bottom of the dust storage space. The dust discharge solenoid valves are used to connect to the external discharge pump as needed during discharge.

5. The multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A feeding ring is fixedly installed at the top of the inner screen cylinder. An upper central plate is provided at the center of the inner ring of the feeding ring. The upper central plate is fixed to the inner side wall of the feeding ring by a number of upper spokes integrally formed around its circumference. A feeding channel for material to fall is formed between adjacent upper spokes. A spherical upper guide part is fixed at the top of the upper central plate.

6. The multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The discharge unit includes a lower central disc located directly below the inner screen cylinder. A discharge guide bin is coaxially arranged below the lower central disc. The outer wall of the discharge guide bin is fixed to the bottom of the outer screen cylinder. The lower central disc is fixed to the upper part of the discharge guide bin by a plurality of circumferentially integrally formed lower spokes. A discharge channel for material to fall is formed between adjacent lower spokes.

7. A multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A corrugated protective tube is coaxially sleeved around the axial adjuster. The top of the corrugated protective tube is fixed to the bottom of the upper central plate, and the bottom of the corrugated protective tube is fixed to the top of the lower central plate.

8. A multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filter device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Several dust cleaning nozzles are installed at intervals at the top and upper part of the dust storage space; several built-in cleaning nozzles are fixedly installed on the middle outer side wall of the corrugated protective pipe, and the opening of each built-in cleaning nozzle faces the inner side wall of the inner screen cylinder.

9. A multifunctional dust suppression vehicle filtration device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main drive transmission component includes a driven gear coaxially fixed on the upper outer wall of the rotating cylinder, and a drive gear with a fixed axis meshing on the right side of the driven gear. The drive gear is driven by an externally matched drive motor.

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