Hydrogen storage tank system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen storage tank system and a control method, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage devices, the hydrogen storage tank system comprises a tank body assembly, a cooling assembly and a hydrogen pipe group, the tank body assembly comprises a tank body and an adsorption material, the tank body is internally provided with an adsorption cavity, and the adsorption material is located in the adsorption cavity and is used for adsorbing hydrogen in the adsorption cavity. The cooling assembly comprises a cooler and a cooling pipe set, an inlet and an outlet of the cooling pipe set are connected with the tank body, and the cooler is arranged on the cooling pipe set and used for cooling liquid nitrogen of the cooling pipe set. The hydrogen pipe set is connected with the tank body, communicates with the adsorption cavity and is used for inputting hydrogen adsorbed by the adsorption material into the adsorption cavity. After absorbing the heat of the tank body, the liquid nitrogen is cooled through the cooler, and the cooled liquid nitrogen flows into the tank body again to continuously cool the tank body, so that the cyclic utilization of the liquid nitrogen is realized, the tedious operation that the liquid nitrogen needs to be cooled and recycled by frequently disassembling and assembling joints in the prior art is avoided, and the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage devices, in particular to a hydrogen storage tank system and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a high energy density, clean and renewable secondary energy, has broad application prospects in the future energy system. At present, the main way of hydrogen storage is to use physical adsorption hydrogen storage method, specifically to place porous adsorbent materials such as activated carbon in the hydrogen storage tank. Physical adsorption hydrogen storage has higher hydrogen adsorption capacity under low temperature conditions, and maintains good stability after repeated hydrogen adsorption and desorption cycles. It should be emphasized that the adsorption of porous adsorbent materials for hydrogen storage is a surface adsorption process driven by van der Waals force, which is accompanied by the release of a large amount of adsorption heat and compression heat, which can easily lead to a rapid rise in temperature in the hydrogen storage tank, thereby significantly reducing the hydrogen adsorption efficiency, rate and hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, how to timely and continuously cool the hydrogen storage tank is the key.

[0003] The existing cooling method is to use flowing liquid nitrogen to cool the hydrogen storage tank. However, after the liquid nitrogen flows through the hydrogen storage tank to absorb heat, its temperature is relatively high. Therefore, the high-temperature liquid nitrogen needs to be first recovered by using a collection bottle, then the collection bottle is connected to a special cooling instrument to drive the liquid nitrogen to decrease to a preset temperature, and then the collection bottle is connected to the hydrogen storage tank for cooling. This frequent disassembly and assembly of the joint is cumbersome, and the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank is low. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the above technical deficiencies and provides a hydrogen storage tank system and a control method, which solves the technical problems in the prior art that the temperature of liquid nitrogen is relatively high after flowing through the hydrogen storage tank to absorb heat, the high-temperature liquid nitrogen needs to be first recovered by using a collection bottle, then the collection bottle is connected to a special cooling instrument to drive the liquid nitrogen to decrease to a preset temperature, and then the collection bottle is connected to the hydrogen storage tank for cooling. This frequent disassembly and assembly of the joint is cumbersome, and the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank is low.

[0005] To achieve the above technical purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: In a first aspect, the present application provides a hydrogen storage tank system, comprising: a tank assembly comprising a tank and an adsorbent material, the tank being provided with an adsorption cavity, and the adsorbent material being located in the adsorption cavity and being used for adsorbing hydrogen in the adsorption cavity; a cooling assembly comprising a cooler and a cooling pipe group, the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe group being connected to the tank, and the cooler being arranged in the cooling pipe group and being used for cooling liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe group; and a hydrogen pipe group connected to the tank and communicating with the adsorption cavity, and being used for inputting hydrogen adsorbed by the adsorbent material into the adsorption cavity.

[0006] In some embodiments, the tank body has an inner shell and an outer shell, a sandwich cavity is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, the cooling pipe set includes a first cooling pipe and a second cooling pipe, one end of the first cooling pipe and the second cooling pipe is connected to the cooler, and the other end is connected to the inlet and outlet of the sandwich cavity, respectively.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cooling pipe set further includes a third cooling pipe, a fourth cooling pipe and a cooling pipe mechanism, the cooling pipe mechanism is located in the adsorption cavity, one end of the third cooling pipe and the fourth cooling pipe is connected to the cooling pipe mechanism, and the other end is connected to the cooler.

[0008] In some embodiments, the third cooling pipe is connected to the first cooling pipe in parallel through a multi-way joint, and the fourth cooling pipe is connected to the second cooling pipe in parallel through a multi-way joint.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cooling pipe mechanism includes an inlet distribution disc, an outlet collection disc and a plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes, the input end of the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes is connected to the inlet distribution disc, the output end of the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes is connected to the outlet collection disc, the third cooling pipe is connected to the inlet distribution disc, and the fourth cooling pipe is connected to the outlet collection disc.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cooler includes a box body, a pipe sleeve and a plurality of heat dissipation fins arranged inside the box body, the plurality of heat dissipation fins are sleeved on the pipe sleeve and arranged at intervals.

[0011] In some embodiments, the hydrogen pipe set includes a hydrogen input pipe and a hydrogen output pipe, one end of the hydrogen input pipe and the hydrogen output pipe is connected to the inlet and outlet of the adsorption cavity, respectively, and the other end is connected.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydrogen input pipe is uniformly distributed with annular array gas outlets along the length direction of the part of the hydrogen input pipe extending into the adsorption cavity.

[0013] In some embodiments, the hydrogen output pipe is connected to the cooler.

[0014] In a second aspect, the application further provides a control method of a hydrogen storage tank system, which is implemented by using the hydrogen storage tank system described above, and the control method includes the following steps: opening the hydrogen input pipe, starting the cooler, conveying room temperature hydrogen to the hydrogen input pipe, and after the room temperature hydrogen is cooled by the cooler, entering the adsorption cavity and reacting with the adsorbent material; The gas pressure of the adsorption cavity is monitored, when the gas pressure of the adsorption cavity is greater than a preset value, the adsorption cavity discharges part of the gas phase hydrogen, the adsorption cavity is depressurized and cooled, and the discharged hydrogen is guided into the cooler to be cooled and then mixed with the pre-cooled hydrogen input by the hydrogen input pipe to enter the adsorption cavity; When the gas pressure of the adsorption cavity is not greater than the preset value, the adsorption cavity is closed to suspend the discharge of hydrogen, the temperature of the adsorption cavity is monitored, when the temperature of the adsorption cavity is greater than a preset value, the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe group is circulated to exchange heat with the tank body to cool the adsorption cavity, and when the temperature of the adsorption cavity is not greater than the preset value, the circulation of the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe group is suspended. The above process is cycled until the hydrogen adsorption concentration of the adsorption cavity reaches saturation.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen pipe group of the hydrogen storage tank system provided by the application can be used to input hydrogen to be adsorbed and stored into the adsorption cavity, the cooling pipe group can be used to circulate liquid nitrogen to cool the tank body to create a more suitable low-temperature environment for the adsorption of hydrogen by the adsorption material, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of hydrogen and increasing the storage amount of hydrogen. After absorbing the heat of the tank body, the liquid nitrogen is cooled by the cooler, and the cooled liquid nitrogen flows into the tank body again to continue cooling the tank body, realizing the recycling of liquid nitrogen and avoiding the cumbersome operation of frequently disassembling and assembling joints for cooling and recycling of liquid nitrogen in the prior art, thereby greatly improving the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank system provided by the embodiment of the application; Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the tank body assembly provided by the embodiment of the application; Figure 3 is a front view schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank system provided by the embodiment of the application; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank system provided by the embodiment of the application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the cooling pipe group provided by the embodiment of the application; Figure 6 is a control principle flow schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank system provided by the embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application and do not limit the application.

[0018] In order to solve the technical problems of the prior art that the temperature of liquid nitrogen is high after flowing through the hydrogen storage tank to absorb heat, the liquid nitrogen needs to be connected to a special cooling instrument to drive the liquid nitrogen to be lowered to a preset temperature, and the liquid nitrogen can be used for cooling the hydrogen storage tank again, the operation mode is complicated, and the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank is low, the application provides a hydrogen storage tank system and a control method, which can realize recovery and direct cooling of the liquid nitrogen after heat exchange, and the cooled liquid nitrogen is directly input into the hydrogen storage tank for cooling again, without frequent disassembly and assembly of the joint for cooling and recovery, and the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank is greatly improved.

[0019] It should be noted that the hydrogen storage tank system is used for but not limited to storing hydrogen and the like, in order to facilitate the description, in the application, only the hydrogen storage tank system applied to store hydrogen is taken as an example for description, and the principle of the hydrogen storage tank system applied to other types of equipment is substantially the same as that applied to store hydrogen, which will not be described here.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the hydrogen storage tank system in an embodiment of the application, the hydrogen storage tank system comprises a tank body assembly 1, a cooling assembly and a hydrogen pipe group 3, the tank body assembly 1 comprises a tank body 11 and an adsorption material 12, the tank body 11 is provided with an adsorption cavity 111, the adsorption material 12 is located in the adsorption cavity 111 and is used for adsorbing hydrogen in the adsorption cavity 111. The cooling assembly comprises a cooler 21 and a cooling pipe group, the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe group are connected with the tank body 11, and the cooler 21 is arranged in the cooling pipe group and is used for cooling the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe group. The hydrogen pipe group 3 is connected with the tank body and communicates with the adsorption cavity 111, and is used for inputting hydrogen adsorbed by the adsorption material into the adsorption cavity 111 to store hydrogen.

[0021] The inlet of the hydrogen pipe group 3 can be connected with a hydrogen source, and the outlet is connected with the adsorption cavity 111, so that the hydrogen source continuously inputs hydrogen into the adsorption cavity 111, so that the adsorption material 12 in the adsorption cavity 111 adsorbs hydrogen to complete the storage of hydrogen.

[0022] In the embodiment, the tank body is in a horizontal cylindrical shape, the diameter of the tank body is greater than or equal to 10 m, and the length of the tank body is greater than or equal to 50 m. For a large-scale physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, because the tank body has a larger geometric size and a deeper internal space, the heat and mass transfer conditions are relatively poor, which aggravates the formation of high temperature gradient and large range local hot spots in the tank, reduces the effective working temperature range of the activated carbon adsorption material and the adsorption uniformity of each region in the tank, and significantly weakens the overall hydrogen adsorption efficiency and the achievable hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, it is crucial to take effective thermal management measures for the large-scale physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank to ensure the temperature uniformity in the tank and inhibit local overheating.

[0023] Figure 3The left side of the shown tank body 11 is an inlet for the working medium, the loading of the adsorption material, and the installation of the pipeline. The left side of the tank body is provided with a flange plate 41, which is connected and sealed with the end cover 20 through the bolt 23. The flange plate 41 and the end cover 20 are connected in the middle through the sealing gasket 24 to increase the sealing performance of the tank body 1. The right end of the tank body is a hydrogen outlet 5, which is connected with the hydrogen pipe group 3, so that the hydrogen not absorbed in the adsorption cavity 111 can flow back to the hydrogen pipe group 3, and then be input into the adsorption cavity 111 through the hydrogen pipe group 3 again, so as to improve the hydrogen absorption rate.

[0024] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , the tank assembly 1 further comprises a containing sleeve 13 located in the adsorption cavity 111. The inner wall and the outer wall of the containing sleeve 13 are provided with containing grooves 131, and the adsorption material 12 is arranged in the containing grooves 131. The containing sleeve 13 of this embodiment is cylindrical, and the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the adsorption cavity 111. The containing sleeve 13 is fixedly arranged on the end cover 20, and is relatively fixed with the end cover 20. The inner wall and the outer wall of the containing sleeve 13 are provided with containing grooves 131, which can be used to contain activated carbon. The containing sleeve 13 is provided with a plurality of containing grooves 131 along the circumferential side and along the axial direction, and the activated carbon can be filled along the containing sleeve 13, so that the area of the adsorbed hydrogen is larger and the amount of the adsorbed hydrogen is more.

[0025] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 , the hydrogen pipe group 3 comprises a hydrogen input pipe 31 and a hydrogen output pipe 32, one end of the hydrogen input pipe 31 and the hydrogen output pipe 32 is connected with the inlet and the outlet of the adsorption cavity respectively, and the other end is connected. In this embodiment, one end of the hydrogen input pipe 31 is used to connect the hydrogen source, which is used to obtain the hydrogen source supplied by the hydrogen source; the other end of the hydrogen input pipe 31 penetrates the end cover 20 and extends into the adsorption cavity 111, so that the hydrogen enters the adsorption cavity 111 through the hydrogen input pipe 31 and is absorbed and stored by the adsorption material of the adsorption cavity 111. As the hydrogen in the adsorption cavity 111 continues to be input, the gas pressure of the adsorption cavity 111 also increases, so the first valve 6 on the hydrogen output pipe 32 needs to be opened in time to make the hydrogen in the adsorption cavity 111 be discharged from the adsorption cavity 111 in an appropriate amount.

[0026] Further, referring to Figure 4 , the hydrogen input pipe 31 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of annular array gas outlets 38 along the length direction of the part extending into the adsorption cavity 111. The hydrogen is output to the adsorption cavity 111 through the annular array gas outlets 38 of the hydrogen input pipe 31, so that the hydrogen can be output from multiple directions around the hydrogen input pipe 31 at the same time, which is beneficial to improve the output efficiency and uniformity of the hydrogen, and further improve the absorption and storage efficiency of the hydrogen.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 3The hydrogen input pipe 31 is provided with a second valve 2 for controlling whether the external hydrogen source inputs hydrogen into the hydrogen input pipe 31 or not. A part of the hydrogen input pipe 31 penetrates the cooler 21, so that the cooler 21 can cool the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen input pipe 31, so that the hydrogen flowing into the adsorption cavity 111 through the hydrogen input pipe 31 has a low temperature and can be more absorbed and stored by the adsorbent material. Specifically, the cooler 21 includes a box body 211 and a plurality of first heat dissipation fins 212 arranged inside the box body 211. The hydrogen input pipe 31 penetrates the box body 211, and the plurality of first heat dissipation fins 212 are arranged inside the box body 211 and are sleeved on the hydrogen input pipe 31 at intervals. The first heat dissipation fins 212 can cool the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen input pipe 31 by increasing the heat exchange area.

[0028] The hydrogen output pipe 32 is connected to one end of the outlet of the adsorption cavity 111 for receiving the hydrogen discharged from the adsorption cavity 111, and is connected to the middle part of the hydrogen input pipe 31 at the other end, so as to send the hydrogen discharged from the adsorption cavity 111 back to the hydrogen input pipe 31, and then back to the adsorption cavity 111 through the hydrogen input pipe 31 for continuous absorption and storage, thereby improving the hydrogen absorption rate. In addition, a part of the hydrogen output pipe 32 penetrates the cooler 21, and the cooler 21 can cool and exchange heat with the part of the hydrogen output pipe 32, so as to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen. Finally, the hydrogen flowing into the hydrogen input pipe 31 is low-temperature hydrogen, which can be more easily absorbed and stored by the adsorbent material when flowing into the adsorption cavity 111, thereby improving the hydrogen absorption rate.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 4 The cooler 21 further includes a plurality of second heat dissipation fins 213. The hydrogen output pipe 32 penetrates the box body 211, and the plurality of second heat dissipation fins 213 are arranged inside the box body 211 and are sleeved on the hydrogen output pipe 32 at intervals. The second heat dissipation fins 213 can cool the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen input pipe 31 by increasing the heat exchange area.

[0030] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4, the tank body has an inner shell 19 and an outer shell 30, a sandwich cavity 50 is formed between the inner shell 19 and the outer shell 30, the cooling pipe group includes a first cooling pipe 221 and a second cooling pipe 222, the first cooling pipe 221 and the second cooling pipe 222 are both U-shaped, one end of the first cooling pipe 221 and the second cooling pipe 222 is connected to the cooler 21, and the other end is connected to the inlet and outlet of the sandwich cavity 50 respectively. The inlet and outlet of the sandwich cavity 50 are located on opposite sides of the tank body, the inner side of the inner shell 19 is the adsorption cavity 111, and the heat of the adsorption cavity 111 is directly conducted to the inner shell 19. The liquid nitrogen in the first cooling pipe 221 is input into the sandwich cavity 50 and fills the sandwich cavity 50, the liquid nitrogen can absorb the heat of the inner shell 19, and the liquid nitrogen can take away the heat of the inner shell 19 when flowing out of the sandwich cavity 50 to the second cooling pipe 222, so as to cool the adsorption cavity 111, thereby improving the adsorption and storage efficiency of the adsorption material in the adsorption cavity 111 for hydrogen.

[0031] The first cooling pipe 221 and the second cooling pipe 222 are connected through a liquid nitrogen driving pump 8, and the liquid nitrogen driving pump 8 is used to drive the liquid nitrogen to circulate between the first cooling pipe 221, the second cooling pipe 222 and the sandwich cavity 50, so as to continuously take away the heat of the sandwich cavity 50 and continuously cool the adsorption cavity 111.

[0032] Further, please refer to Figure 3 , the cooling pipe group further includes a third cooling pipe 225, a fourth cooling pipe 226 and a cooling pipe mechanism 227, the cooling pipe mechanism 227 is located in the adsorption cavity 111 and has a U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40, one end of the third cooling pipe 225 and the fourth cooling pipe 226 is connected to the cooling pipe mechanism 227, and the other end is communicated with the cooler 21.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 5 , the cooling pipe mechanism 227 is located in the adsorption cavity 111 and has a U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40, so the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 is also located in the adsorption cavity 111. Both ends of the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 are connected to the third cooling pipe 225 and the fourth cooling pipe 226. The design of the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 can make the liquid nitrogen form a reflux in the adsorption cavity 111, increase the contact time of the liquid nitrogen with the inner wall of the adsorption cavity 111, and further improve the cooling effect. The end of the third cooling pipe 225 away from the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 can be used to connect the first cooling pipe 221 and access the liquid nitrogen input source to obtain the source of liquid nitrogen. The end of the fourth cooling pipe 226 away from the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 can be used to connect the second cooling pipe 222, so as to simultaneously collect the liquid nitrogen discharged from the fourth cooling pipe 226 and the sandwich cavity 50, and facilitate management.

[0034] In one of the embodiments, please refer to Figure 5The cooling pipe mechanism 227 includes an inlet distribution disc 35, an outlet collecting disc 34, and a plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40. The input ends of the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are connected to the inlet distribution disc 35, and the output ends of the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are connected to the outlet collecting disc 34. The third cooling pipe 225 is connected to the inlet distribution disc 35, and the fourth cooling pipe 226 is connected to the outlet collecting disc 34. In this embodiment, the inlet distribution disc 35 and the outlet collecting disc 34 are arranged in a ring shape and coaxially, the outlet collecting disc 34 is located on the inner side of the inlet distribution disc 35, and the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are uniformly arranged around the circumferential side of the central axis of the outlet collecting disc 34. In this embodiment, the inlet distribution disc 35 and the outlet collecting disc 34 are arranged in a ring shape and coaxially, so that the liquid nitrogen can be uniformly distributed into the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 from the inlet distribution disc 35. Since the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are uniformly arranged around the circumferential side of the central axis of the outlet collecting disc 34, the liquid nitrogen can be uniformly distributed when entering the adsorption cavity 111, avoiding the phenomenon of local supercooling or overheating, and improving the uniformity of the cooling effect. The ring-shaped collecting disc design makes the flow path of the liquid nitrogen more smooth when entering and flowing out of the U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40, reduces the resistance and pressure loss of the liquid nitrogen in the flow process, and improves the flow efficiency of the liquid nitrogen. The ring-shaped collecting disc and the uniformly arranged U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 make the structure of the entire cooling pipe mechanism 227 more compact, save space, and at the same time ensure the stability of the structure.

[0035] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 , the inlet distribution disc 35 and the outlet collecting disc 34 are arranged in a ring shape and coaxially, the outlet collecting disc 34 is located on the inner side of the inlet distribution disc 35, and the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are uniformly arranged around the circumferential side of the central axis of the outlet collecting disc 34. In this embodiment, the inlet distribution disc 35 and the outlet collecting disc 34 are arranged in a ring shape and coaxially, so that the liquid nitrogen can be uniformly distributed into the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 from the inlet distribution disc 35. Since the plurality of U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 are uniformly arranged around the circumferential side of the central axis of the outlet collecting disc 34, the liquid nitrogen can be uniformly distributed when entering the adsorption cavity 111, avoiding the phenomenon of local supercooling or overheating, and improving the uniformity of the cooling effect. The ring-shaped collecting disc design makes the flow path of the liquid nitrogen more smooth when entering and flowing out of the U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40, reduces the resistance and pressure loss of the liquid nitrogen in the flow process, and improves the flow efficiency of the liquid nitrogen. The ring-shaped collecting disc and the uniformly arranged U-shaped heat exchange pipes 40 make the structure of the entire cooling pipe mechanism 227 more compact, save space, and at the same time ensure the stability of the structure.

[0036] Referring to Figure 4 , the cooler 21 further includes a plurality of third heat dissipation fins 214, the third cooling pipe 225 is arranged in the box body 211, and the plurality of third heat dissipation fins 214 are located inside the box body 211. The plurality of third heat dissipation fins 214 are spaced and sleeved on the third cooling pipe 225. The third heat dissipation fin 214 can cool the liquid nitrogen flowing through the third cooling pipe 225 by increasing the heat exchange area, so that the low-temperature liquid nitrogen flows into the interlayer cavity 50 and the cooling pipe mechanism 227 again, and cools the adsorption cavity 111 again, so as to improve the absorption and storage efficiency of the adsorption material in the adsorption cavity 111 for hydrogen.

[0037] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4The hydrogen storage tank system further comprises a tank-in probe pipe 29 and a controller 28 connected therewith, the tank-in probe pipe 29 extends into the tank, the length of the tank-in probe pipe 29 extending into the adsorption cavity 111 is consistent with the length of the hydrogen input pipe 31 extending into the adsorption cavity 111, and the tank-in probe pipe 29 is uniformly distributed with a ring array of probe holes 39 along the length direction, a thermocouple probe, a pressure probe and an adsorption concentration probe are installed in the probe holes 39 to monitor the temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration of the adsorption cavity 111 in real time. The tank-in probe pipe 29 feeds back the monitored data to the controller 28 outside the tank for processing in real time. The controller 28 controls the opening and closing of all valves and the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8 according to the dynamic data monitored in real time, so as to achieve the effect of intelligent control.

[0038] In order to ensure the full aspect heat dissipation treatment of the inside of the large hydrogen storage tank, the heat exchange position includes the inside of the tank body and the surface of the tank body. The heat management measures of the present application mainly include three routes: Heat management line 1: import hydrogen precooling-high temperature and high pressure gaseous hydrogen circulation precooling and re-adsorption in the tank.

[0039] The heat management measure is to ensure that the low temperature and low pressure in the tank is less than 90K and 10Mpa by filling the tank with pre-cooled low-temperature hydrogen and timely discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen that is not adsorbed, so as to ensure high adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity. Therefore, the inlet pre-cooling measure is taken for the room temperature hydrogen (temperature 293K) filled into the tank. The room temperature hydrogen flows into the pipeline from the gas inlet 1, enters the cooler 21 through the opened second valve 2, and is heat exchanged. The first heat dissipation fin 212 sleeved on the hydrogen input pipe 31 in the cooler 21 can enhance heat exchange, so as to cool the hydrogen to 77K, and complete the pre-cooling process of the inlet hydrogen. The pre-cooled hydrogen enters the adsorption cavity 111 in the tank through the end cover 20 and the hydrogen input pipe 31, and then is dispersed and uniformly distributed into the porous structure of the adsorbent (activated carbon adsorbent) through the annular array gas outlet 38 uniformly distributed along the length direction of the hydrogen input pipe 31 in the adsorption cavity 111. Although the low-temperature hydrogen after pre-cooling can reduce the temperature of the activated carbon adsorbent to a certain extent and promote the adsorption process, it cannot prevent a large amount of adsorption heat from being generated during the adsorption process. At the same time, the continuous injection of hydrogen in the hydrogen input pipe 31 will also increase the pressure of the adsorption cavity 111, which will hinder the dispersion flow of low-temperature pre-cooled hydrogen into the activated carbon porous structure with low adsorption concentration, and further cause the adsorption cavity 111 to exist high-temperature gaseous hydrogen with high specific gravity, which will also increase the safety risk of the hydrogen storage tank. Therefore, when the temperature of the adsorption cavity 111 reaches 90K and the pressure reaches 10Mpa, the first valve 6 needs to be opened, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen that is not adsorbed is discharged from the adsorption cavity 111, and the adsorption cavity 111 is depressurized. The high-temperature hydrogen discharged is heat exchanged and cooled to 77K through the hydrogen output pipe 32 and the cooler 21. This process accelerates the heat exchange speed through the second heat dissipation fin 213 arranged in the box body. The low-temperature hydrogen after cooling flows into the hydrogen input pipe 31 through the first three-prong pipe 17, intersects with the inlet pre-cooled hydrogen, and is circulated to the adsorption cavity 111 again to perform the adsorption and storage process.

[0040] Heat management circuit 2: low-temperature liquid nitrogen cooling circulation of the interlayer cavity 50 of the tank body.

[0041] The heat management route is to exchange heat between the inner shell 19 and the adsorption cavity 111 to realize the low-temperature adsorption process of hydrogen. The interlayer cavity 50 of the tank body and the first cooling pipe 221 and the second cooling pipe 222 are all filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen. After heat exchange with the inner shell 19, the temperature of the low-temperature liquid nitrogen rises, and the liquid nitrogen does not have cooling capacity. The liquid nitrogen after heat exchange is driven by the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8 to flow through the opened tank body cooling outlet valve 15 and the second cooling pipe 222 through the tank body cooling outlet pipe 16, and then enters the low-temperature cooling unit 3 through the circulating pump 8 to be cooled, and the cooling speed is accelerated through the annular heat dissipation fins 27 on the pipe wall. After being cooled by the cooler 21, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is reduced to the preset low-temperature range, and then flows out through the opened tank body cooling inlet valve 10 and the tank body cooling inlet pipe 9 to flow into the interlayer cavity 50 in the tank body again to cool the hydrogen adsorption process.

[0042] The heat management line 3 is a low-temperature liquid nitrogen cooling cycle of the cooling pipe group formed by the third cooling pipe 225, the fourth cooling pipe 226 and the cooling pipe mechanism 227.

[0043] The heat management measure is to exchange heat between the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 arranged circumferentially around the adsorption cavity 111 and the adsorption material to reduce the temperature of the adsorption material. Under the driving action of the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen cooled by the cooler 21 enters the second three-way pipe 18, and part of the liquid nitrogen flows into the interlayer cavity 50 in the tank body again through the opened tank body cooling inlet valve 10 and the tank body cooling inlet pipe 9, i.e. heat management line 2; the other part of the liquid nitrogen enters the adsorption cavity 111 through the third cooling pipe 225 and the opened tank body radiator inlet valve 60. The low-temperature liquid nitrogen entering the adsorption cavity 111 is uniformly distributed to the six circumferentially arranged U-shaped heat exchange pipe radiators 40 in the inlet distribution disc 35, and then the liquid nitrogen flows along the U-shaped heat exchange pipe radiator 40 to the adsorption cavity 111. During this flow process, the liquid nitrogen continuously absorbs the heat of the adsorption cavity 111 and the surrounding high-temperature adsorption material. After absorbing the heat, the liquid nitrogen is gathered to the outlet collector disc 34 through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe radiator outlet, and then flows into the third three-way pipe 25 through the fourth cooling pipe 226 and the opened radiator outlet pipe valve 14. This part of the high-temperature liquid nitrogen flows into the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8 together with the high-temperature liquid nitrogen flowing out of the interlayer cavity 50 to carry out the circulation cooling process.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 6 The application also provides a control method of the hydrogen storage tank system. When the hydrogen storage tank system starts to work, the controller 28 opens the second valve 2, and the room temperature hydrogen (temperature 293K) starts to inject. After the cooler 21 is opened, the room temperature hydrogen filled by the hydrogen input pipe 31 flows into the adsorption cavity 111 to have an adsorption reaction after being cooled to the temperature 77K by the pre-cooling of the cooler 21. When the hydrogen storage tank system starts to work, the tank internal detection pipe 29 and the controller 28 start to work. When the tank internal detection pipe 29 detects that the pressure of the adsorption cavity 111 is greater than 10Mpa, the controller 28 opens the first valve 6, and the high temperature and high pressure gaseous hydrogen in the adsorption cavity 111 is discharged to depressurize and cool the adsorption cavity 111. The discharged high temperature and high pressure hydrogen is cooled by the cooler 21 and then combined with the pre-cooled hydrogen input by the hydrogen input pipe 31, and then flows into the adsorption cavity 111 to have an adsorption reaction process.

[0045] When the tank internal detection pipe 29 detects that the pressure of the adsorption cavity 111 is less than 10Mpa, the controller 28 closes the second valve 2, and the high temperature and high pressure gaseous hydrogen in the adsorption cavity 111 is temporarily discharged. When the controller 28 detects that the temperature of the adsorption cavity 111 is greater than 90K, it is indicated that the temperature of the adsorption cavity 111 and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen are high, and the heat dissipation effect is poor. At this time, the controller 28 opens the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8 and opens the valves of the liquid nitrogen circulating pipeline to drive the liquid nitrogen in the interlayer cavity 50, the first cooling pipe 221 and the second cooling pipe 222 to circulate, the high temperature liquid nitrogen in the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 and the interlayer cavity 50 flows through the cooler to be cooled to 77K, and the cooled liquid nitrogen enters the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 40 and the interlayer cavity 50 again to exchange heat, thereby providing a low temperature condition for the adsorption process. When the tank internal detection pipe 29 detects that the tank internal temperature is less than 90K, it is indicated that the temperature of the adsorption cavity 111 and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen are low, and the heat dissipation effect is good. The controller 28 closes the liquid nitrogen circulating pump 8 and closes the valves of the liquid nitrogen circulating pipeline. Under the action of the controller 28, the above working process is circulated until the controller 28 detects that the hydrogen adsorption concentration in the tank reaches saturation, then the hydrogen injection is stopped, the second valve 2 is closed, and the hydrogen storage process is ended.

[0046] The specific embodiments of the application described above do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the application. Any various other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the application should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage tank system, characterized in that, include: A tank assembly includes a tank and an adsorbent material, wherein the tank is provided with an adsorption chamber, the adsorbent material is located in the adsorption chamber, and is used to adsorb hydrogen gas in the adsorption chamber; A cooling assembly includes a cooler and a cooling pipe assembly, wherein the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe assembly are both connected to the tank body, and the cooler is disposed on the cooling pipe assembly and is used to cool the liquid nitrogen in the cooling pipe assembly; and A hydrogen gas pipeline assembly is connected to the tank and communicates with the adsorption chamber, and is used to input hydrogen gas adsorbed by the adsorption material into the adsorption chamber.

2. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tank has an inner shell and an outer shell, with a sandwich cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell. The cooling pipe assembly includes a first cooling pipe and a second cooling pipe. One end of the first cooling pipe and the second cooling pipe are both connected to the cooler, and the other end is respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the sandwich cavity.

3. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling pipe assembly also includes a third cooling pipe, a fourth cooling pipe, and a cooling pipe mechanism. The cooling pipe mechanism is located in the adsorption chamber. One end of the third cooling pipe and the fourth cooling pipe are both connected to the cooling pipe mechanism, and the other end of both are connected to the cooler.

4. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third cooling pipe is connected in parallel to the first cooling pipe via a multi-port connector, and the fourth cooling pipe is connected in parallel to the second cooling pipe via a multi-port connector.

5. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling pipe mechanism includes an inlet distribution plate, an outlet manifold plate, and multiple U-shaped heat exchange tubes. The input ends of the multiple U-shaped heat exchange tubes are all connected to the inlet distribution plate, and the output ends of the multiple U-shaped heat exchange tubes are all connected to the outlet manifold plate. The third cooling pipe is connected to the inlet distribution plate, and the fourth cooling pipe is connected to the outlet manifold plate.

6. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooler includes a housing, a sleeve disposed inside the housing, and multiple heat dissipation fins, wherein the multiple heat dissipation fins are all sleeved on the sleeve and arranged at intervals.

7. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen pipeline assembly includes a hydrogen input pipe and a hydrogen output pipe. One end of the hydrogen input pipe and the hydrogen output pipe are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the adsorption chamber, and the other end is connected to each other.

8. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The portion of the hydrogen input pipe that extends into the adsorption chamber has an annular array of gas outlets evenly distributed along its length.

9. The hydrogen storage tank system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen output pipe is connected to the cooler.

10. A control method for a hydrogen storage tank system, characterized in that, The control method, implemented using the hydrogen storage tank system as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprises the following steps: Open the hydrogen input pipe and turn on the cooler to supply room temperature hydrogen to the hydrogen input pipe. After being cooled by the cooler, the room temperature hydrogen enters the adsorption chamber and undergoes an adsorption reaction with the adsorption material. The gas pressure in the adsorption chamber is monitored. When the gas pressure in the adsorption chamber is greater than the preset value, the adsorption chamber is opened to discharge some gaseous hydrogen, the adsorption chamber is depressurized and cooled, and the discharged hydrogen is introduced into the cooler for cooling and then mixed with the pre-cooled hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen input pipe before entering the adsorption chamber. When the gas pressure in the adsorption chamber is not greater than the preset value, the adsorption chamber is closed to stop the discharge of hydrogen. The temperature of the adsorption chamber is monitored. When the temperature of the adsorption chamber is greater than the preset value, the liquid nitrogen in the cooling tube group is driven to circulate to exchange heat with the tank and cool the adsorption chamber. When the temperature of the adsorption chamber is not greater than the preset value, the circulation of liquid nitrogen in the cooling tube group is stopped. Repeat the above process until the hydrogen adsorption concentration in the adsorption chamber reaches saturation.

Images