An experimental simulation system for preventing and treating water migration of pavement base covering effect

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of roadbed engineering, and discloses an experimental simulation system for preventing and treating water migration of a roadbed covering effect, which comprises an environment simulation module, a water monitoring module, a prevention and treatment module and a central control module. The environment simulation module comprehensively regulates and controls multiple climate factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and evaporation, reproduces actual environmental conditions in different regions and seasons, simulates the real scene of water migration of the roadbed covering layer, improves the accuracy and reliability of experimental simulation, and provides a solid data basis for the research of prevention and treatment measures. The water monitoring module is used for monitoring the distribution and migration state of water in the roadbed model in real time, multi-point sensing technology is used to obtain the volume water content, matrix suction and seepage rate data at different depths and positions, the water abnormal accumulation area is identified, the migration trend and rate are judged in combination with a water migration model, and the monitoring and abnormal early warning of the water migration process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed engineering technology, specifically to an experimental simulation system for preventing moisture migration due to roadbed cover effect. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of roads, runways, and other engineering projects, asphalt or concrete overlays, due to their impermeability and air tightness, are prone to causing a saturation effect. Under the influence of temperature gradients, water vapor in the subgrade soil migrates upwards, but cannot escape due to the obstruction of the overlay, eventually condensing and accumulating in the lower layer of the pavement, leading to a significant increase in soil moisture content, even saturation. With temperature changes, the soil in this area undergoes a periodic freeze-thaw cycle: at low temperatures, pore water freezes to form ice lenses, causing frost heave, pavement bulging, cracks, and other defects; when temperatures rise, the ice melts, the soil structure loosens, strength decreases, and thaw settlement deformation occurs. Under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, soil porosity increases, structure gradually deteriorates, and uneven pavement settlement and crack propagation are exacerbated. This process not only seriously affects runway smoothness, structural stability, and airworthiness, shortening its service life, but also threatens operational safety and significantly increases the complexity and economic burden of subsequent maintenance.

[0003] Cover effect-driven water migration is a key issue inducing roadbed defects. Existing research methods are mostly limited to field monitoring and simplified indoor experiments, which have significant shortcomings: they cannot achieve refined simulation of the coupled effects of multiple factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and evaporation, making it difficult to realistically reproduce the water migration process; because they cannot proactively prevent and verify the effectiveness of abnormal migration, the design of prevention and control strategies often lacks quantitative basis and is not effective enough, ultimately restricting the effective control of water migration risks.

[0004] Therefore, an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration caused by roadbed cover effect. This system solves the problem mentioned in the background that the lack of proactive prevention and rapid verification methods for abnormal migration leads to a lack of scientific basis and effectiveness in the design of prevention and control measures, making it difficult to effectively prevent and control the engineering risks caused by water migration.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect, the system comprising an environmental simulation module, a water monitoring module, a prevention and treatment module, and a central control module, wherein the environmental simulation module, the water monitoring module, and the prevention and treatment module are respectively communicatively connected to the central control module;

[0007] The environmental simulation module is used to simulate the actual environment of the roadbed cover layer under different climatic conditions, including the comprehensive control of temperature, humidity, precipitation and evaporation factors, and to generate multi-scenario experimental environments required for roadbed moisture migration.

[0008] The moisture monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the distribution and migration of moisture in the roadbed model. It acquires data on volumetric water content, matrix suction and infiltration rate at different depths and locations through multi-point sensing technology, and identifies areas of abnormal moisture accumulation.

[0009] The prevention and control module is used to implement corresponding prevention and control measures based on moisture monitoring data, including drainage treatment, adjustment of covering materials and arrangement of moisture barrier layers, in order to inhibit and block abnormal migration of moisture.

[0010] The central control module is used to coordinate the operation of various modules of the system, receive and analyze monitoring data, control the operation of the prevention and control module according to the preset prevention and control strategy, and provide a human-machine interface to support the setting of simulation parameters and the display of simulation data.

[0011] The system also integrates an early warning feedback unit, which is used to issue an alarm when moisture migration exceeds the safety threshold or prevention and control measures fail, and to record simulation process data for subsequent evaluation and optimization.

[0012] Preferably, the environmental simulation module includes a climate simulation unit, a soil construction unit, and a boundary control unit;

[0013] The climate simulation unit reproduces actual climate conditions through a programmable temperature and humidity control device, an artificial rain generator, and an evaporation simulator.

[0014] The soil construction unit is used to construct the roadbed soil structure according to the actual engineering mix ratio, and allows for the replacement of covering materials with different properties;

[0015] The boundary control unit simulates the interaction between the roadbed and the surrounding environment through physical barriers and a hydraulic control system, preventing abnormal boundary interference during the simulation process.

[0016] Preferably, the climate simulation unit is also equipped with a light simulation component to simulate the effects of solar radiation on the surface temperature and evaporation process of the roadbed.

[0017] The soil construction unit includes a layered filling device and a compaction control device to control soil density and layered structure;

[0018] The boundary control unit is equipped with a lateral constraint mechanism and a bottom drainage mechanism to simulate the boundary conditions of the actual roadbed.

[0019] Preferably, the moisture monitoring module includes a sensor array, a data acquisition unit, and a status analysis unit;

[0020] The sensor array consists of virtual sensors preset at different depths and positions in the digital track model;

[0021] The data acquisition unit is used to receive and process simulated data from the virtual sensor;

[0022] The state analysis unit determines whether the water distribution is abnormal based on the water migration model and experimental simulation data, and determines the migration trend and rate.

[0023] Preferably, the sensor array is arranged in a mesh pattern, covering typical cross-sections and key areas of the roadbed model;

[0024] The data acquisition unit supports multi-channel synchronous acquisition and has the functions of redundant data storage and automatic outlier removal.

[0025] The state analysis unit uses time series analysis to identify the dynamic process of water migration and compares it with historical experimental data to improve the accuracy of judgment.

[0026] Preferably, the prevention and control module includes a drainage execution unit, a material adjustment unit, and a barrier arrangement unit;

[0027] The drainage execution unit calculates changes in water transport by simulating the drainage process and its effects;

[0028] The material adjustment unit is used to replace and add covering materials with different permeability during the simulation process;

[0029] The barrier arrangement unit can form a water-resistant layer by laying a moisture barrier membrane and injecting waterproof material through a mechanical device.

[0030] Preferably, the drainage execution unit has flow rate and water level regulation functions to simulate the effects of different drainage conditions;

[0031] The material adjustment unit is equipped with an automatic feeder and a mixing device to complete rapid material replacement and uniform laying;

[0032] The barrier arrangement unit includes a positioning laying mechanism and a material injection pump to control the position and thickness of the barrier layer.

[0033] Preferably, the central control module includes a main control unit, a data analysis unit, and a human-computer interaction unit;

[0034] The main control unit is used to schedule the coordinated operation and timing control of various modules of the system;

[0035] The data analysis unit integrates and analyzes the monitoring data, and evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and control measures based on the water migration model;

[0036] The human-computer interaction unit provides a graphical user interface that supports simulation scheme design, monitoring, and result export.

[0037] Preferably, the main control unit adopts a distributed control architecture and has modular expansion capabilities;

[0038] The data analysis unit integrates multiple water migration prediction algorithms and dynamically adjusts prevention and control strategies based on simulation data.

[0039] Preferably, the early warning feedback unit includes an abnormal alarm subunit and a data management subunit;

[0040] The abnormal alarm subunit automatically triggers audible and visual alarms and pushes messages based on the moisture migration threshold and the prevention and control effect.

[0041] The data management subunit is used to store all experimental data and operation logs, and provides retrieval and comparative analysis functions based on time, operating conditions and prevention and control types.

[0042] Beneficial effects

[0043] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration caused by roadbed cover effect, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. In this invention, multiple climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and evaporation are comprehensively controlled through an environmental simulation module to reproduce the actual environmental conditions of different regions and seasons, simulate the real scenario of water migration in the roadbed cover layer, improve the accuracy and reliability of experimental simulation, and provide a solid data foundation for the research of prevention and control measures.

[0045] 2. In this invention, the distribution and migration status of water in the roadbed model are monitored in real time by a moisture monitoring module. Multi-point sensing technology is used to obtain data on volumetric water content, matrix suction and permeability at different depths and locations, identify areas of abnormal water accumulation, and combine the water migration model to judge the migration trend and rate, so as to ensure the monitoring and early warning of abnormalities in the water migration process.

[0046] 3. In this invention, the prevention and control module executes prevention and control measures such as drainage treatment, adjustment of covering materials and arrangement of moisture barrier layers based on monitoring data to suppress and block abnormal water migration. With the help of the central control module, centralized coordination and intelligent scheduling are carried out to achieve objective and quantitative performance evaluation of prevention and control strategies, support rapid iteration and optimization of simulation experimental schemes, improve the automation and intelligence level of the system, and provide scientific decision support for the prevention and control of water migration in roadbeds. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration caused by roadbed cover effect according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the operational steps of an experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Specific embodiment: An experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect. The system includes an environmental simulation module, a water monitoring module, a prevention and treatment module, and a central control module. The environmental simulation module, water monitoring module, and prevention and treatment module are all communicatively connected to the central control module.

[0051] The environmental simulation module is used to simulate the actual environment of the roadbed cover layer under different climatic conditions, including the comprehensive control of factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and evaporation, and to generate multi-scenario experimental environments required for roadbed moisture migration.

[0052] The moisture monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the distribution and migration of moisture in the roadbed model. It acquires data on volumetric water content, matrix suction and infiltration rate at different depths and locations through multi-point sensing technology, and identifies areas of abnormal moisture accumulation.

[0053] The prevention and control module is used to implement corresponding prevention and control measures based on moisture monitoring data, including drainage treatment, adjustment of covering materials and arrangement of moisture barrier layers, in order to inhibit and block abnormal migration of moisture.

[0054] The central control module is used to coordinate the operation of various modules in the system, receive and analyze monitoring data, control the operation of the prevention and control modules according to the preset prevention and control strategy, and provide a human-machine interface to support the setting of simulation parameters and the display of simulation data.

[0055] The system also integrates an early warning feedback unit, which is used to issue alarms when moisture migration exceeds the safety threshold or prevention and control measures fail, and to record simulation process data for subsequent evaluation and optimization.

[0056] The environmental simulation module includes a climate simulation unit, a soil construction unit, and a boundary control unit;

[0057] The climate simulation unit reproduces actual climate conditions using a programmable temperature and humidity control device, an artificial rain generator, and an evaporation simulator.

[0058] Soil construction units are used to construct roadbed soil structures according to the actual engineering mix ratio, and allow for the replacement of cover materials with different properties;

[0059] The boundary control unit simulates the interaction between the roadbed and the surrounding environment through physical barriers and a hydraulic control system, preventing abnormal boundary interference during the simulation process.

[0060] The climate simulation unit is also equipped with a light simulation component to simulate the effects of solar radiation on the surface temperature and evaporation process of the roadbed.

[0061] Soil construction units include layered filling devices and compaction control equipment to control soil density and layered structure;

[0062] The specific implementation steps for controlling soil density and stratification are as follows:

[0063] First, based on the engineering design requirements of the target roadbed structure, the mix proportions, preset dry densities, and layer thicknesses of each soil layer are determined. Then, the layered filling device evenly lays the soil material according to the set thickness. Subsequently, the compaction control equipment automatically calculates and applies the required compaction work based on the material type and target dry density. After each layer is compacted, non-destructive testing and sampling methods are used to detect the actual dry density and compaction degree of that layer. If the preset standard is not met, the control system instructs the compaction equipment to perform additional compaction until it is qualified before the next layer can be filled and compacted, thereby reproducing the true density and layered structure of the roadbed.

[0064] The boundary control unit is equipped with a lateral constraint mechanism and a bottom drainage mechanism to simulate the boundary conditions of the actual roadbed.

[0065] The lateral constraint mechanism applies controllable lateral pressure to the sidewall of the model box through a hydraulic plate with adjustable stiffness, simulating the static earth pressure of soil at different depths; the bottom drainage mechanism consists of a perforated plate with a filter layer and a drainage pipeline with a controllable switch, which simulates groundwater level changes and different bottom boundary conditions such as natural drainage and impermeability by controlling the opening and closing of the drainage valve.

[0066] The moisture monitoring module includes a sensor array, a data acquisition unit, and a status analysis unit;

[0067] The sensor array consists of virtual sensors pre-set at different depths and positions within the digital track model;

[0068] The data acquisition unit is used to receive analog data from the virtual sensor and perform preliminary filtering.

[0069] The initial filtering process uses a moving average filtering algorithm, the specific formula of which is as follows:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, This represents the filtered sensor output value at time t. This represents the original data collected by the sensor at time t. The window size for the moving average is set to 5-10 data points based on the sampling frequency. This process can suppress high-frequency random noise during data acquisition. This algorithm is used in the preprocessing stage of the data acquisition unit. By performing a sliding window average calculation on the raw sensor data, it suppresses high-frequency noise interference.

[0072] The state analysis unit determines whether the water distribution is abnormal based on the water migration model and experimental simulation data, and determines the migration trend and rate.

[0073] The specific steps to determine whether the moisture distribution is abnormal are as follows:

[0074] The system first runs in a stable environment for a period of time to obtain the baseline range of volumetric water content and matrix suction at each sensor location. In subsequent simulation monitoring, the sensor data is compared with the corresponding baseline range. If the volumetric water content or matrix suction value of any monitoring point continues to exceed the baseline range, or the difference between the values ​​of adjacent points is greater than the set gradient threshold, it is determined that the moisture distribution is abnormal and an early warning is triggered.

[0075] The state analysis unit calculates the moisture migration trend index using the following formula:

[0076] ;

[0077] in:

[0078] The water migration trend index represents the water migration trend at time t, and is used to quantify the intensity and direction of water migration. Positive values ​​indicate upward migration, and negative values ​​indicate downward migration.

[0079] Indicates the total number of sensors. This represents the soil volumetric water content at the i-th sensor at time t. Indicates the monitoring time interval. Indicates the soil saturation permeability coefficient. This represents the soil matrix suction at the i-th sensor at time t;

[0080] This formula is used to quantify the intensity and direction of water migration in the substrate model. By calculating the average product of the volumetric water content change and the substrate suction at different sensor locations per unit time, the system can determine the overall upward or downward migration trend of water.

[0081] The sensor array is arranged in a mesh pattern, covering typical cross-sections and key areas of the roadbed model;

[0082] The data acquisition unit supports multi-channel synchronous acquisition and has the functions of redundant data storage and outlier removal;

[0083] The state analysis unit uses time series analysis to identify the dynamic process of water migration and compares it with historical experimental data to improve the accuracy of judgment.

[0084] Time series analysis methods use an autoregressive integral moving average model to make short-term predictions on moisture monitoring data. The general model is expressed as follows:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, Let be the sequence of monitoring values ​​at time t. The d-th order difference operator is used to make the sequence stationary. For constant terms, The number of autoregressive terms. These are the autoregressive coefficients. The number of terms in the moving average. The moving average coefficient, This is the white noise error term;

[0087] This model predicts future time. and the actual value Comparison, when predicting residuals If the water level consistently exceeds the set tolerance limit, it indicates that the dynamics of water migration have deviated from the normal pattern, suggesting a potential risk of instability.

[0088] The prevention and treatment module includes a drainage execution unit, a material adjustment unit, and a barrier arrangement unit;

[0089] The drainage execution unit calculates changes in water transport by simulating the drainage process and its effects;

[0090] The material adjustment unit is used to replace and add covering materials with different permeability during the simulation;

[0091] The barrier arrangement unit can form a water-resistant layer by laying a moisture barrier membrane and injecting waterproof material through mechanical devices.

[0092] The drainage unit has flow and water level regulation functions to simulate the effects of different drainage conditions;

[0093] The material adjustment unit is equipped with an automatic feeder and a mixing device to complete rapid material replacement and uniform laying;

[0094] The barrier placement unit includes a positioning laying mechanism and a material injection pump to control the position and thickness of the barrier layer.

[0095] The central control module includes a main control unit, a data analysis unit, and a human-computer interaction unit;

[0096] The main control unit is used to schedule the coordinated operation and timing control of various modules in the system;

[0097] The data analysis unit integrates and analyzes the monitoring data and evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and control measures based on the water migration model;

[0098] The water migration model is simulated and evaluated using a mathematical model based on the Richards equations, and its governing equations are as follows: ;

[0099] in, Water content by volume For time, The coordinates are in the vertical direction, with downward being positive. For matrix suction, It is an unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function;

[0100] The equation describes the relationship between the change of water in the unsaturated zone over time and spatial flow. The data analysis unit takes the boundary conditions and initial conditions of the simulated monitoring as model input, performs numerical solution, and compares and verifies the simulation results with the actual sensor data to evaluate the water migration status and quantify the inhibitory effect of prevention and control measures on the migration process.

[0101] The human-computer interaction unit provides a graphical user interface that supports simulation scheme design, monitoring, and result export.

[0102] The main control unit adopts a distributed control architecture and has modular expansion capabilities;

[0103] The data analysis unit integrates multiple water migration prediction algorithms and dynamically adjusts prevention and control strategies based on simulation data.

[0104] Moisture migration prediction algorithms include data-driven algorithms based on support vector machine regression, used to predict the water content change trend at key points over a future period. The decision function is as follows:

[0105] ;

[0106] in, This represents the predicted future change in water content. For the input feature vector, The number of support vectors, , It is a Lagrange multiplier. For kernel function, This is a bias term; the data-driven algorithm is used to predict the future trend of water content at key points. The system uses historical monitoring data as the feature vector x, and uses a kernel function... By mapping to a high-dimensional space for regression prediction, if an abnormal accumulation of moisture is predicted in a certain area, the material adjustment unit is instructed in advance to replace the covering material, thus realizing the transformation from passive response to active prediction.

[0107] The specific process of dynamically adjusting prevention and control strategies is as follows:

[0108] Based on the prediction algorithm results, when the system predicts that abnormal water accumulation or rapid loss will occur in a certain area, it generates a strategy adjustment instruction in advance; when the risk of bottom water accumulation is predicted to increase, the drainage execution unit is instructed to increase the drainage rate; when the surface evaporation is predicted to be too strong, the material adjustment unit is instructed to spray water or cover water-retaining materials, thereby realizing the transformation from passive response to active prediction and intervention.

[0109] The data analysis unit uses the following formula to quantify the prevention and control effect:

[0110] ;

[0111] in:

[0112] This represents a quantitative value indicating the effectiveness of prevention and control.

[0113] Indicates the number of key monitoring points;

[0114] The migration trend index of the j-th key point at time t after the implementation of prevention and control measures;

[0115] This represents the migration trend index of the j-th key point at time t0 before the implementation of prevention and control measures;

[0116] This formula quantitatively assesses the effectiveness of control measures by comparing the degree of change in water migration trends before and after control.

[0117] The early warning feedback unit includes an abnormal alarm subunit and a data management subunit;

[0118] The abnormal alarm subunit triggers audible and visual alarms and pushes messages based on the moisture migration threshold and the control effect.

[0119] The data management subunit is used to store all simulation experiment data and operation logs, and provides retrieval and comparative analysis functions based on time, operating conditions and prevention and control types.

[0120] The operating steps of this system are as follows:

[0121] First, the system uses an environmental simulation module to reproduce the climate and environmental conditions of the actual roadbed. This module comprehensively controls temperature and humidity, and operates artificial rain generators and evaporation simulators to generate the required precipitation and evaporation scenarios. At the same time, it simulates the real physical boundaries of the roadbed through lateral constraints and bottom drainage mechanisms. Under controlled conditions, the system uses layered filling and compaction equipment to construct a physical model of the roadbed soil according to the actual mix proportions and densities of the project.

[0122] Subsequently, the moisture monitoring module begins to operate. The virtual sensor is preset to be at different depths and positions in the digital track model. The data acquisition unit receives the simulated data from the virtual sensor and performs preliminary filtering. Then, the status analysis unit analyzes the processed data. By comparing the data with the preset normal reference range, it determines whether there are any abnormalities in the moisture distribution and calculates the trend of moisture migration, thereby realizing the diagnosis and early warning of the moisture migration status.

[0123] When abnormal water migration is detected or potential risks are predicted, the prevention and control module is activated. The system automatically executes corresponding prevention and control measures based on the early warning information, operates the drainage unit to actively drain water, controls the material adjustment unit to replace the covering material, and directs the barrier arrangement unit to lay the waterproof layer, thereby intervening in and inhibiting the abnormal migration of water.

[0124] The coordination and decision-making of all the above processes are completed by the central control module. This module schedules the orderly operation of each subsystem and analyzes and evaluates the monitoring data based on the water migration model and prediction algorithm. The system dynamically adjusts the prevention and control strategy according to the evaluation results, forming a continuously optimized closed-loop feedback. Finally, it outputs detailed simulation experiment reports and evaluation results through the human-computer interaction interface, providing scientific support for the research and decision-making of roadbed water migration prevention and control.

[0125] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0126] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect, characterized in that: The system includes an environmental simulation module, a moisture monitoring module, a prevention and treatment module, and a central control module. The environmental simulation module, moisture monitoring module, and prevention and treatment module are all communicatively connected to the central control module. The environmental simulation module is used to simulate the actual environment of the roadbed cover layer under different climatic conditions, including the comprehensive control of temperature, humidity, precipitation and evaporation factors, and to generate multi-scenario experimental environments required for roadbed moisture migration. The environmental simulation module includes a climate simulation unit, a soil construction unit, and a boundary control unit; The climate simulation unit reproduces actual climate conditions through a programmable temperature and humidity control device, an artificial rain generator, and an evaporation simulator. The soil construction unit is used to construct the roadbed soil structure according to the actual engineering mix ratio and geological conditions, and allows for the replacement of covering materials with different properties; The boundary control unit simulates the interaction between the roadbed and the surrounding environment through physical barriers and a hydraulic control system, preventing abnormal boundary interference during the simulation process. The climate simulation unit is also equipped with a light simulation component to simulate the effects of solar radiation on the surface temperature and evaporation process of the roadbed. The soil construction unit includes a layered filling device and a compaction control device to control soil density and layered structure; The boundary control unit is equipped with a lateral constraint mechanism and a bottom drainage mechanism to simulate the boundary conditions of the actual roadbed. The moisture monitoring module is used to simulate and monitor the distribution and migration of moisture in the roadbed model. It acquires data on volumetric water content, matrix suction and infiltration rate at different depths and locations through multi-point sensing technology, and identifies areas of abnormal moisture accumulation. The prevention and control module is used to implement corresponding prevention and control measures based on moisture monitoring data, including drainage treatment, adjustment of covering materials and arrangement of moisture barrier layers, to inhibit and block abnormal migration of moisture. The central control module is used to coordinate the operation of various modules of the system, receive and analyze monitoring data, control the operation of the prevention and control module according to the preset prevention and control strategy, and provide a human-machine interface to support the setting of simulation parameters and the display of simulation data. The system also integrates an early warning feedback unit, which is used to issue an alarm when moisture migration exceeds the safety threshold or prevention and control measures fail, and to record simulation process data for subsequent evaluation and optimization.

2. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture monitoring module includes a sensor array, a data acquisition unit, and a status analysis unit; The sensor array consists of virtual sensors preset at different depths and positions in the digital track model; The data acquisition unit is used to receive and process simulated data from the virtual sensor; The state analysis unit determines whether the water distribution is abnormal based on the water migration model and experimental simulation data, and determines the migration trend and rate. The state analysis unit calculates the moisture migration trend index using the following formula: ； in: The water migration trend index represents the water migration trend at time t, and is used to quantify the intensity and direction of water migration. Positive values ​​indicate upward migration, and negative values ​​indicate downward migration. Indicates the total number of sensors. This represents the soil volumetric water content at the i-th sensor at time t. Indicates the monitoring time interval. Indicates the soil saturation permeability coefficient. The value represents the soil matrix suction at the i-th sensor at time t.

3. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor array is arranged in a mesh pattern, covering typical cross-sections and key areas of the roadbed model; The data acquisition unit supports multi-channel synchronous acquisition and has the functions of redundant data storage and automatic outlier removal. The state analysis unit uses time series analysis to identify the dynamic process of water migration and compares it with historical experimental data to improve the accuracy of judgment.

4. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prevention and control module includes a drainage execution unit, a material adjustment unit, and a barrier arrangement unit. The drainage execution unit calculates changes in water transport by simulating the drainage process and its effects; The material adjustment unit is used to replace and add covering materials with different permeability during the simulation process; The barrier arrangement unit can form a water-resistant layer by laying a moisture barrier membrane and injecting waterproof material through a mechanical device.

5. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drainage execution unit has flow and water level regulation functions to simulate the effects of different drainage conditions; The material adjustment unit is equipped with an automatic feeder and a mixing device to complete rapid material replacement and uniform laying; The barrier arrangement unit includes a positioning laying mechanism and a material injection pump to control the position and thickness of the barrier layer.

6. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central control module includes a main control unit, a data analysis unit, and a human-computer interaction unit; The main control unit is used for scheduling the coordinated operation and timing control of various modules of the system; The data analysis unit integrates and analyzes the monitoring data, and evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and control measures based on the water migration model; The human-computer interaction unit provides a graphical user interface that supports simulation scheme design, monitoring, and result export.

7. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main control unit adopts a distributed control architecture and has modular expansion capabilities; The data analysis unit integrates multiple types of water migration prediction algorithms and dynamically adjusts prevention and control strategies based on simulation data. The data analysis unit uses the following formula to quantify the prevention and control effect: ； in: This represents a quantitative value indicating the effectiveness of prevention and control. Indicates the number of key monitoring points; The migration trend index of the j-th key point at time t after the implementation of prevention and control measures; This represents the migration trend index of the j-th key point at time t0 before the implementation of prevention and control measures; This formula quantitatively assesses the effectiveness of control measures by comparing the degree of change in water migration trends before and after control.

8. The experimental simulation system for preventing water migration due to roadbed cover effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning feedback unit includes an abnormal alarm subunit and a data management subunit; The abnormal alarm subunit automatically triggers audible and visual alarms and pushes messages based on the moisture migration threshold and the prevention and control effect. The data management subunit is used to store all experimental data and operation logs, and provides retrieval and comparative analysis functions based on time, operating conditions and prevention and control types.

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