Three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support. The three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support comprises an upper support plate, the lower support plate is arranged opposite to the upper support plate; the spherical crown friction pendulum structure is arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, the spherical crown friction pendulum structure comprises an upper hemispherical crown and a lower circular truncated cone body, point contact is formed between the upper hemispherical crown and the upper support plate, and surface contact is formed between the lower circular truncated cone body and the lower support plate; the vertical damping element is arranged between the upper hemispherical crown and the lower circular truncated cone body; the limiting mechanism is connected with the upper hemispherical crown and the lower circular truncated cone body and used for limiting horizontal relative displacement, providing an anti-shearing effect and allowing vertical relative displacement at the same time; the horizontal damping elements are arranged on the periphery of the upper support plate and the periphery of the lower support plate. The defect that a traditional friction pendulum lacks a vertical anti-vibration effect is overcome, the disc spring is embedded into the spherical crown type friction pendulum support, the disc spring and the friction pendulum are ingeniously combined, and the integrity and stability of the three-dimensional shock absorption and isolation support are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of building seismic isolation technology, specifically to a three-dimensional composite friction pendulum bearing. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of urbanization, urban land resources are becoming increasingly scarce. To fully tap the spatial potential of subway depots and improve the level of intensive land use, subway superstructures have emerged as an innovative building form. These structures not only need to withstand earthquakes but also effectively isolate vibrations generated by subway operation. Therefore, extremely stringent requirements are placed on the performance of their seismic bearings in resisting earthquakes and subway vibrations.

[0003] Currently, research on subway superstructures both domestically and internationally focuses on the application of seismic isolation technology. However, existing seismic isolation technologies primarily target horizontal seismic forces, exhibiting significant limitations in their effectiveness against vertical subway vibrations. Specifically, seismic forces comprise both horizontal and vertical components, while subway vibrations are predominantly vertical. Traditional seismic isolation technologies struggle to effectively control both horizontal seismic forces and vertical subway vibrations simultaneously, failing to meet the urgent need for dual seismic and vibration control in subway superstructures. Therefore, developing a novel type of seismic isolation bearing capable of effectively reducing both horizontal seismic forces and vertical subway vibrations has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in this field.

[0004] In terms of traditional seismic isolation bearings, spring seismic isolation bearings are a common type. They consist of a spring and a damper installed between the building foundation, substructure, or superstructure. The low stiffness of the spring extends the natural period of the structure, while the high energy dissipation of the damper reduces the seismic response. From an isolation perspective, spring seismic isolation bearings offer significant effectiveness. However, in practical applications, they have several drawbacks. Firstly, spring seismic isolation bearings are expensive, which limits their large-scale application. Secondly, issues such as the stability of the spring, the reliability of the damper, and the positioning of the isolation layer all require careful design and strict control; otherwise, the isolation effect may be affected, or even structural safety may be compromised.

[0005] Another traditional seismic isolation bearing—the friction pendulum bearing—is a seismic isolator consisting of a sliding surface and friction material installed between the building foundation, substructure, or superstructure. It relies on the low stiffness of the sliding surface and the high energy dissipation characteristics of the friction material to filter the input seismic force. This isolation method has a large displacement capacity and considerable self-resetting capability. However, friction pendulum bearings also have significant drawbacks. The friction coefficient of the sliding surface is highly susceptible to various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and pollution, leading to instability in the friction coefficient and consequently affecting the stability of the seismic isolation performance. Furthermore, traditional friction pendulum bearings are not resistant to tension or torsion, and cannot withstand tensile and torsional forces. Under complex earthquakes or subway vibrations, the structure is prone to overturning or detachment, seriously threatening the safety of the building structure.

[0006] More importantly, traditional seismic isolation technologies struggle to achieve effective vibration and seismic control simultaneously. Currently, research and development of three-dimensional seismic isolation products is still in its early stages, with complex designs, poor overall integrity, and insufficient stability. This not only leads to numerous difficulties during construction and installation but also results in high maintenance costs, failing to meet the comprehensive requirements of subway superstructures for efficient, stable, economical, and easy-to-maintain seismic isolation bearings.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies cannot meet the requirements of subway superstructures for vibration damping bearings in terms of vibration control, stability, economy, and ease of maintenance. Therefore, developing a new type of vibration damping bearing has significant practical implications and broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide a three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support.

[0009] This specification provides the following technical solution in its embodiments: a three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support, comprising:

[0010] upper support plate;

[0011] The lower support plate is disposed opposite to the upper support plate;

[0012] A spherical cap friction pendulum structure is disposed between the upper support plate and the lower support plate. The spherical cap friction pendulum structure includes an upper hemisphere and a lower frustum. The upper hemisphere and the upper support plate form point contact, and the lower frustum and the lower support plate form surface contact.

[0013] A vertical damping element is disposed between the upper hemispherical crown and the lower frustum.

[0014] A limiting mechanism connects the upper hemispherical crown and the lower frustum, used to limit horizontal relative displacement and provide shear resistance, while allowing vertical relative displacement;

[0015] Horizontal damping elements are disposed around the upper support plate and the lower support plate.

[0016] Preferably, the vertical damping element includes a disc spring, the limiting mechanism includes four limiting posts and four corresponding expansion joints, the limiting posts are integrally formed with the upper hemispherical crown, the expansion joints are opened on the lower truncated cone, and the limiting posts are slidably inserted into the expansion joints.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a limiting ring, which is integrally formed on the inner end face of the concave structure of the upper support plate and the lower support plate, and is used to fix the disc spring to prevent lateral displacement.

[0018] Preferably, in the uncompressed state of the disc spring, the limiting post is still positioned at the upper 1 / 3 of the expansion joint.

[0019] Preferably, the horizontal damping element includes four viscous dampers and two rubber pads, with the viscous dampers and the rubber pads symmetrically arranged around the upper support plate and the lower support plate.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a chute, which is connected between the upper support plate and the lower support plate by a weld, and the viscous damper is slidably disposed in the chute.

[0021] Preferably, friction plates are provided between the upper hemispherical crown and the upper support plate, and between the lower truncated cone and the lower support plate, and the friction plates are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0022] Preferably, the support is used to resist both horizontal seismic forces and vertical subway vibrations.

[0023] Preferably, the connecting welds between the components are full penetration welds, semi-penetration welds, or fillet welds.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve include at least:

[0025] 1. The spring-embedded spherical crown friction pendulum support is designed by arranging disc springs in the spherical crown of the friction pendulum through a slit, so that the original friction pendulum can achieve the effect of dual control of horizontal and vertical vibration by reducing horizontal vibration.

[0026] 2. The disc spring embedded spherical cap friction pendulum support improves the support's resistance to shear and lateral displacement by adding a viscous damper and rubber pad.

[0027] 3. The disc spring embedded spherical cap friction pendulum support increases the friction coefficient of the friction pair by changing the original contact method between the spherical cap and the friction pendulum, thereby improving the seismic resistance of the support. The upper hemisphere and the lower truncated cone are connected by a limiting column to avoid slippage that may be caused by the original spherical cap opening. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a disc spring embedded in a spherical cap-type friction pendulum support;

[0030] Figure 2 Top view of a disc spring embedded in a spherical cap-type friction pendulum support;

[0031] Figure 3 Side view of a disc spring embedded in a spherical cap-type friction pendulum support;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the limiting column for embedding a disc spring into a spherical cap-type friction pendulum support.

[0033] In the diagram, 1 is a disc spring; 2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene friction plate; 3 is an upper support plate; 4 is a viscous damper; 5 is a rubber pad; 6 is an upper hemispherical crown; 7 is a lower truncated cone; 8 is a limiting post; 9 is a lower support plate; 10 is a limiting ring; 11 is a sliding groove; and 19 is a reserved expansion joint. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] It should be noted that various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this application, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number and aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0037] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. The drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0038] Furthermore, specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the described aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a three-dimensional composite friction pendulum support includes:

[0041] Upper support plate 3;

[0042] The lower support plate 9 is disposed opposite to the upper support plate 3;

[0043] A spherical cap friction pendulum structure is disposed between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9. The spherical cap friction pendulum structure includes an upper hemispherical cap 6 and a lower frustum 7. The upper hemispherical cap 6 and the upper support plate 3 form point contact, and the lower frustum 7 and the lower support plate 9 form surface contact.

[0044] A vertical damping element is disposed between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7;

[0045] A limiting mechanism connects the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7, used to limit horizontal relative displacement and provide shear resistance, while allowing vertical relative displacement.

[0046] Horizontal damping elements are disposed around the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9.

[0047] The upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 are the main load-bearing components of the support, arranged opposite each other to support and transfer the load of the superstructure. They are connected by a spherical friction pendulum structure, vertical damping elements, limiting mechanisms, and horizontal damping elements, working together to achieve the function of vibration reduction and isolation. They provide stable support to ensure the safety of the superstructure, and also serve as the mounting base for other vibration reduction and isolation elements.

[0048] The spherical friction pendulum structure is positioned between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, comprising an upper hemispherical cap 6 and a lower frustum 7. The upper hemispherical cap 6 forms point contact with the upper support plate 3, while the lower frustum 7 forms surface contact with the lower support plate 9. This design enhances the horizontal damping effect of the friction pendulum by increasing the friction area. The point contact design reduces the friction area, making it easier to slide under horizontal seismic loads and dissipate seismic energy; the surface contact design increases the friction area, improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the support; overall, it enhances the horizontal damping effect of the support.

[0049] Vertical damping elements are positioned between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7. The specific implementation details in the document mention using a disc spring 1 as the vertical damping element. Under subway vibration, the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 press against each other, causing relative displacement between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7. The disc spring 1 is compressed, generating elastic force, thus achieving the first layer of vibration reduction and isolation. This effectively absorbs and isolates vertical vibration energy, reducing the impact on the superstructure. When the vertical vibration is large, the compression of the disc spring 1 increases, providing greater damping force.

[0050] The limiting mechanism connects the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7, used to limit horizontal relative displacement and provide shear resistance, while allowing vertical relative displacement. It prevents excessive horizontal displacement of the support, ensuring structural safety; provides shear resistance, enhancing support stability; and allows vertical relative displacement, ensuring the normal operation of the vertical damping elements.

[0051] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, the vertical damping element includes a disc spring 1, the limiting mechanism includes four limiting posts 8 and four corresponding expansion joints, the limiting posts 8 are integrally formed with the upper hemispherical crown 6, the expansion joints are opened on the lower truncated cone 7, and the limiting posts 8 are slidably inserted into the expansion joints.

[0052] Disc spring 1 is positioned between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7, and is specifically fixed by a limiting ring 10 to prevent lateral displacement. When subway vibration causes the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 to press against each other, the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7 experience relative displacement. During this process, disc spring 1 is compressed, generating elastic force. This elastic force acts as the first layer of vibration damping and isolation mechanism, effectively absorbing and isolating vertical vibration energy. When the vertical vibration is large, the compression of disc spring 1 increases, providing greater damping force.

[0053] Four limiting columns 8 are integrally formed with the upper hemispherical crown 6, ensuring the integrity and stability of the structure. Four corresponding expansion joints are formed on the lower truncated cone 7, and the limiting columns 8 can be slidably inserted into these joints. Under normal circumstances, the limiting columns 8 are located above the expansion joints, ensuring that only vertical displacement occurs between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower truncated cone 7, preventing horizontal lateral displacement. When an earthquake or vibration causes relative displacement between the upper and lower support plates 9, the limiting columns 8 slide within the expansion joints, restricting horizontal relative displacement while allowing vertical displacement. This design ensures the stability and safety of the support under complex dynamic conditions.

[0054] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, a limiting ring 10 is also included. The limiting ring 10 is integrally formed on the inner end face of the concave structure of the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, and is used to fix the disc spring 1 to prevent lateral displacement.

[0055] The limiting ring 10 is an annular component designed to be integrally formed with the inner end faces of the recessed structures of the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9. The limiting ring 10 is coaxially and integrally formed on the inner end faces of the opposite recessed structures of the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9; that is, both the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 have recessed structures at their opposite ends, and the limiting ring 10 is fixed inside these recessed structures. The main function of the limiting ring 10 is to fix the disc spring 1, preventing it from shifting laterally during the operation of the support. The disc spring 1 is placed between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, with its outer edge contacting and constrained by the limiting ring 10, thus ensuring that the disc spring 1 can only be compressed or extended in the vertical direction and will not move in the horizontal direction.

[0056] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, when the disc spring 1 is not compressed, the limiting post 8 is still positioned at the upper 1 / 3 of the expansion joint.

[0057] In the initial uncompressed state of the disc spring 1, the limiting post 8 is designed to be placed at the upper 1 / 3 of the expansion joint. This setting is to ensure that the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower frustum 7 maintain a stable relative position during normal operation (i.e., without significant vertical or horizontal vibration), while reserving sufficient space for the disc spring 1 to deform under pressure.

[0058] An expansion joint is formed on the lower truncated cone 7, providing a vertical sliding channel for the limiting column 8. When the support is subjected to vertical vibration (such as subway vibration), the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower truncated cone 7 undergo relative displacement, causing the disc spring 1 to be compressed. At this time, the limiting column 8 slides downward within the expansion joint, but always remains within the range of the expansion joint, thereby limiting the amount of relative displacement between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower truncated cone 7.

[0059] As a vertical damping element, the disc spring 1 compresses under vertical pressure, absorbing and isolating vibration energy. When the vibration weakens or disappears, the disc spring 1 returns to its original shape, pushing the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the lower truncated cone 7 back to their initial positions, and the limiting post 8 also returns to the upper 1 / 3 of the expansion joint.

[0060] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, the horizontal damping element includes four viscous dampers 4 and two rubber pads 5, which are symmetrically arranged around the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9.

[0061] Four viscous dampers 4 are symmetrically arranged around the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, and are connected to the upper and lower support plates 9 through grooves 11, and fixed by full penetration welds, semi-penetration welds, or fillet welds. When an earthquake or vibration causes horizontal relative displacement between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, the viscous dampers 4 generate damping force through the flow of an internal viscous fluid (such as silicone oil). This damping force is proportional to the displacement velocity and in the opposite direction to the motion, thereby consuming seismic energy and suppressing structural vibration. The viscous dampers 4 can slide unidirectionally in the grooves 11, allowing limited horizontal displacement, while controlling the displacement amplitude through the damping effect to prevent excessive structural deformation.

[0062] Two rubber pads 5 are symmetrically arranged between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, located inside or outside the viscous damper 4 (depending on the specific design). The rubber pads 5 absorb seismic energy through elastic deformation while providing horizontal stiffness. When an earthquake or vibration causes relative displacement of the upper and lower support plates 9, the rubber pads 5 are compressed or stretched, generating restoring forces to suppress the displacement. Their elastic properties can also effectively isolate high-frequency vibrations and reduce the impact on the superstructure.

[0063] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, a groove 11 is also included, which is connected between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 by a weld, and the viscous damper 4 is slidably disposed in the groove 11.

[0064] The chute 11 is fixed between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9 by a weld, forming a stable sliding track. The weld connection method (such as full penetration weld, half penetration weld or fillet weld) ensures the rigid connection between the chute 11 and the support plate, which can withstand the horizontal tensile and shear forces, while providing a precise sliding path for the viscous damper 4.

[0065] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, friction plates are provided between the upper hemispherical crown 6 and the upper support plate 3, and between the lower truncated cone 7 and the lower support plate 9, and the friction plates are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0066] Vertical direction: The friction plate works in conjunction with the disc spring 1. When an earthquake or vertical vibration causes relative movement between the upper hemisphere 6 and the lower truncated cone 7, the disc spring 1 absorbs energy through compression, while the friction plate reduces motion resistance through its low friction characteristics, ensuring that the disc spring 1 can deform freely, while preventing energy loss or structural jamming due to excessive friction.

[0067] In the horizontal direction: the friction plate and the viscous damper 4 work together. During horizontal vibration, the viscous damper 4 dissipates energy through viscous energy dissipation, while the friction plate, with its low friction characteristics, allows for smooth sliding between the upper support plate 3 and the lower support plate 9, avoiding the damper from malfunctioning or structural stress concentration due to excessive friction.

[0068] In some implementations, the support is used to resist both horizontal seismic forces and vertical subway vibrations.

[0069] In some implementations, the connecting welds between the components are full penetration welds, half penetration welds, or fillet welds.

[0070] The same or similar parts between the various embodiments in this specification can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the method embodiments described later are relatively simple in description since they correspond to the system, and relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the system embodiments.

[0071] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional compound pendulum bearing, characterized in that, The application relates to a support for resisting horizontal seismic action and vertical subway vibration. The support comprises: an upper support plate (3); a lower support plate (9) arranged opposite to the upper support plate (3); a spherical cap friction pendulum structure arranged between the upper support plate (3) and the lower support plate (9), wherein the spherical cap friction pendulum structure comprises an upper half spherical cap (6) and a lower circular truncated cone (7), the upper half spherical cap (6) and the upper support plate (3) form point contact, and the lower circular truncated cone (7) and the lower support plate (9) form surface contact; a vertical damping element arranged between the upper half spherical cap (6) and the lower circular truncated cone (7); a limiting mechanism connected between the upper half spherical cap (6) and the lower circular truncated cone (7), which is used for limiting horizontal relative displacement and providing shear resistance while allowing vertical relative displacement; 2. The 3D compound pendulum bearing of claim 1, wherein, a horizontal damping element arranged around the upper support plate (3) and the lower support plate (9).

3. The 3D compound pendulum bearing of claim 2, wherein, The vertical damping element comprises a disc spring (1), the limiting mechanism comprises four limiting columns (8) and corresponding four expansion joints (19), the limiting columns (8) are integrally formed with the upper half spherical cap (6), the expansion joints (19) are arranged on the lower circular truncated cone (7), and the limiting columns (8) are slidably inserted into the expansion joints (19).

4. The 3D compound pendulum bearing of claim 2, wherein, The support further comprises a limiting ring (10) integrally formed on the inner side end face of the recessed table structure of the upper support plate (3) and the lower support plate (9), which is used for fixing the disc spring (1) to prevent lateral displacement.

5. The 3-D compound pendulum bearing of claim 1, wherein, In the uncompressed state of the disc spring (1), the limiting columns (8) are still arranged at the upper 1 / 3 of the expansion joints (19).

6. The 3D compound pendulum bearing of claim 5, wherein, The horizontal damping element comprises four viscous dampers (4) and two rubber cushion layers (5), and the viscous dampers (4) and the rubber cushion layers (5) are symmetrically arranged around the upper support plate (3) and the lower support plate (9).

7. The 3-D compound pendulum bearing of claim 1, wherein, The support further comprises a sliding groove (11) connected between the upper support plate (3) and the lower support plate (9) through a welding seam, and the viscous dampers (4) are slidably arranged in the sliding groove (11).

8. The 3D compound pendulum bearing according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Friction plates (2) are arranged between the upper half spherical cap (6) and the upper support plate (3) and between the lower circular truncated cone (7) and the lower support plate (9), and the material of the friction plates (2) is ultra-high molecular polyethylene.

9. The 3D compound rocking bearing according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The support is used for resisting horizontal seismic action and vertical subway vibration. The connecting welding seams between the components are full penetration welding seams, half penetration welding seams or fillet welding seams.

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