A reservoir dam deformation monitoring device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a reservoir dam deformation monitoring device and method, relates to the technical field of water conservancy facility monitoring, and comprises an external monitoring assembly for monitoring dam surface deformation, the external monitoring assembly comprising an optical measuring element and an angle measuring element; an internal monitoring assembly, the internal monitoring assembly comprising a fixing column, the upper end of the fixing column being fixedly connected with an adjusting assembly, the working end of the adjusting assembly being connected with a measuring box, the outside of the fixing column being connected with a settlement box capable of only sliding downward, the settlement box being provided with a settlement assembly, the measuring box being provided with a stroke amplification assembly matched with the settlement assembly, and the stroke amplification assembly being connected with a displacement measuring assembly; and a data management assembly for processing data obtained by the external monitoring assembly and the internal monitoring assembly and making corresponding control according to a preset settlement amount. The device can realize accurate monitoring of dam deformation and timely alarm, and is favorable for risk control of the dam.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy facilities monitoring, and particularly relates to a reservoir dam deformation monitoring device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] A dam is a general term for water-retaining structures and constructions, which mainly realizes the functions of flood control, water storage, irrigation and power generation by intercepting water flow. Common types include earth-rock dams and concrete dams. An earth-rock dam is a wide dam built with earth or stone, with a wide and thick bottom to adapt to ground changes. Because the water pressure on the bottom is much greater than that on the top, the bottom is wider than the top.

[0003] Earth-rock dams are usually built across large rivers or along riverbanks. They are made of ordinary and common earth and stone materials, which are relatively loose and can withstand a certain range of ground changes. However, water can slowly seep in and reduce the firmness of the earth-rock dam.

[0004] According to the search, the patent with the publication number CN 112197690 B discloses an earth-rock dam deformation monitoring method and system based on corner reflectors and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining a SAR image containing a target corner reflector, wherein the target corner reflector is arranged on the surface of the dam body of the earth-rock dam, and the target corner reflector is located at a target point on the surface of the dam body; based on the SAR image, determining the pixel position information and sub-pixel position information of the target corner reflector in the SAR image; based on the pixel position information and sub-pixel position information of the target corner reflector in the SAR image, determining the deformation sequence corresponding to the target point on the surface of the dam body; based on the multiple deformation sequences corresponding to the positions of the corner reflectors, monitoring the deformation amount of the target point on the surface of the dam body.

[0005] The above device also has the following problems: the measurement by the corner reflector can only measure the surface deformation or overall subsidence of the earth-rock dam with a certain measurement error, and the early deformation of the dam interior caused by water erosion cannot be monitored. When reflected to the surface deformation of the dam, it has a lag, which is not conducive to the risk management of the dam. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the problems of measurement error of the surface or overall subsidence of the dam and the inability to monitor the early deformation of the dam interior caused by water erosion in the prior art, and the lag when reflected to the surface deformation of the dam, the present application provides a reservoir dam deformation monitoring device and method.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: the present application provides a reservoir dam deformation monitoring device, comprising: an external monitoring assembly for monitoring the surface deformation of the dam, the external monitoring assembly comprising an optical measuring element and an angle measuring element; an internal monitoring assembly, the internal monitoring assembly comprising a fixed column, the upper end of the fixed column being fixedly connected with an adjusting assembly, the working end of the adjusting assembly being connected with a measuring box, the fixed column being externally connected with a settlement box that can only slide downward, the settlement box being provided with a settlement assembly, the measuring box being provided with a stroke amplification assembly cooperating with the settlement assembly, the stroke amplification assembly being connected with a displacement measuring assembly; a data management assembly for processing the data obtained by the external monitoring assembly and the internal monitoring assembly and making corresponding control according to the preset settlement amount.

[0008] Preferably, the settlement assembly comprises a rack, the rack being fixedly connected with the settlement box, the stroke amplification assembly comprising a first gear, the first gear being rotatably connected with the measuring box, the first gear being engaged with the rack, the inside of the measuring box being rotatably connected with a second gear, the second gear being engaged with the first gear, the rotation shaft of the second gear being coaxially fixedly connected with a rope winding wheel.

[0009] Preferably, the displacement measuring assembly comprises a displacement sensor, the body of the displacement sensor being fixed in the inside of the measuring box, the sliding sheet of the displacement sensor being fixedly connected with a working block, the working block being connected with the rope winding wheel through a pull rope.

[0010] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly connected in the measuring box, the guide rod being slidably connected with the working block, the guide rod being provided with a spring for resetting the working block.

[0011] Preferably, the adjusting assembly comprises an electric push rod, the working shaft of the electric push rod being fixedly connected with the measuring box, the electric push rod being capable of executing the control signal of the data management assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the external monitoring assembly further comprises an auxiliary monitoring assembly, the auxiliary monitoring assembly comprising a ground measuring station and a GNSS monitoring station.

[0013] Preferably, an alarm assembly for responding to the data management assembly is further included, the alarm assembly comprising a local alarm element and a remote alarm element, the local alarm element being an audible and visual alarm, the remote alarm element comprising a wireless data transceiver module.

[0014] A reservoir dam deformation monitoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1 external measurement: periodically measure the dam surface through the external monitoring component, obtain the settlement value of the dam surface through the data management component, and when the dam surface subsides beyond the warning value, the data management component sends an alarm through the alarm component;

[0016] S2 internal monitoring: through the cooperation of the settlement box and the measuring box, the settlement box drives the settlement component to descend, and the travel amplification component drives the displacement measurement component to obtain the movement value, and the data management component obtains the actual settlement value of the settlement box, and when the internal subsidence of the dam exceeds the warning value, the data management component sends an alarm through the alarm component;

[0017] S3 lateral comparison: compare the current period settlement amount in step S1 with the monitoring data of the auxiliary monitoring component laterally to reduce the monitoring error.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the subsidence amount is calculated by using a trigonometric function formula, the straight-line distance between the measurement point and the observation point on the dam is measured by the optical measuring element, the angle between the measurement line and the horizontal line is automatically obtained by the angle measuring element, and the angle between the last measurement line and the horizontal line is known. The formula is as follows:

[0019] a 当 2 =b 2 +c 上 2 - 2bc 上 cos a (1);

[0020] wherein, a 当 represents the dam settlement value in the current period, b is the straight-line distance between the measurement point and the observation point on the dam, c 上 is the straight-line distance between the last measurement point and the observation point on the dam, α is the angle between the current distance measurement line and the last distance measurement line;

[0021] The total value of the historical settlement of the dam is calculated by using the formula as follows:

[0022] a 历 2 =b 2 +c 初 2 - 2bc初 cos b (2);

[0023] wherein, a 历 represent the total settlement value of the dam between the present measurement and the initial value, b is the straight-line distance from the present measurement point to the observation point on the dam, c 初 is the straight-line distance from the initial installation measurement point to the observation point on the dam, β is the angle between the measurement line from the present measurement point to the observation point on the dam and the measurement line from the initial installation measurement point to the observation point on the dam.

[0024] Preferably, the actual downward distance of the settlement box is calculated in step S2 using a function formula, and the formula is as follows:

[0025] (3);

[0026] wherein, L 实 is the actual settlement value of the settlement box, d 大 is the diameter of the first gear, d 收 is the diameter of the rope collecting wheel, d 小 is the diameter of the second gear, l 收 is the measured value of the displacement measurement assembly;

[0027] The calculation formula is simplified as follows:

[0028] (4).

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The present application sets a measurement box and a settlement box in the dam. When the dam is eroded by water and settles, the settlement box moves downward under the weight of the upper part. The rack drives the first gear to rotate, and the rope collecting wheel drives the displacement sensor to measure through the pull rope. The actual downward distance of the settlement box can be calculated, which is beneficial to monitor the inside of the dam and avoid potential dangers caused by the lag of external measurement of the dam.

[0031] The present application can obtain the external deformation settlement value of the dam through the external monitoring assembly, and can obtain the total settlement value of the dam in the initial state by combining the historical monitoring data. The present application can be combined with the ground measurement station and the GNSS monitoring station to make a horizontal comparison and realize comprehensive monitoring of the dam, and avoid the occurrence of monitoring blind area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, including the references to the figures, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the dam cross section of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the dam length direction internal structure of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the settlement box and fixed column cooperation of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement box internal structure of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the GNSS monitoring station of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the dam external settlement measurement of the present application.

[0039] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] 1, comprehensive measurement station; 2, prism; 3, settlement box; 4, fixed column; 5, ground measurement station; 6, GNSS monitoring station; 7, electric push rod; 8, measurement box; 9, rack; 10, first gear; 11, rope collecting wheel; 12, second gear; 13, pull rope; 14, displacement sensor; 15, guide rod; 16, spring; 17, working block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0042] As Figures 1-6 shown in a reservoir dam deformation monitoring device, comprising an external monitoring component and an auxiliary monitoring component.

[0043] The external monitoring component is a comprehensive measurement station 1 fixed in the dam area and higher than the dam and a plurality of sets of prisms 2 fixed on the surface of the dam, wherein the comprehensive measurement station 1 is a comprehensive body including optical measurement parts and angle measurement parts, data management components and alarm components, etc., which is a permanent fixed measurement point.

[0044] Further, the optical measuring member and the angle measuring member are equipped with a control motor and a control program, etc. to form an automatic total station, which can cooperate with the prism 2 to automatically measure the distance between the prism 2 and the automatic total station and the included angle between the line connecting the prism 2 and the automatic total station and the horizontal line.

[0045] Specifically, the automatic total station measures the prisms 2 on the dam in sequence according to the control of the data management component, and the obtained values are respectively calculated with the previous observation values and the initial observation values of the corresponding prisms 2 through the program control of the automatic total station, so as to obtain the subsidence value and the historical subsidence total value of each prism 2.

[0046] Specifically, the automatic total station is a measurement platform integrating automatic target recognition, automatic aiming, automatic angle and distance measurement, automatic target tracking, and automatic recording, adopts a spherical coordinate system, integrates a stepping motor drive, an image sensor, and multiple types of environmental sensors, realizes an angle measurement accuracy of 0.5 angular seconds through ATR automatic aiming technology, has a maximum distance measurement range of 3500 meters (prism mode), includes a two-axis compensator, an automatic quantity high module, and an explosion-proof design in hardware, is equipped with an Android operating system and Captivate three-dimensional software, supports touch screen operation, real-time data transmission, and customized secondary development, and covers automatic target recognition, tracking positioning, data acquisition and processing in core technologies, and can complete three-dimensional coordinate analysis, deformation monitoring, and construction lofting, and significantly improves field efficiency.

[0047] The data management component is provided with a control program for processing the data obtained by the external monitoring component and the internal monitoring component and making corresponding control, and a single-chip microcomputer is used as a program carrier to calculate the monitored data, so as to timely and effectively monitor the dam.

[0048] Specifically, the single-chip microcomputer is a mature market product, is a microcomputer system integrated with a central processing unit CPU, a random access memory RAM, a read-only memory ROM, multiple I / O ports, an interrupt system, a timer / counter, etc. on a silicon chip, has the characteristics of small size, high integration, simple structure, reliable performance, and modular application, and is widely used in industrial control fields through a corresponding control program.

[0049] The alarm component is used to respond to the data management component, and the alarm component includes a local alarm member and a remote alarm member.

[0050] Specifically, the local alarm component is an audible and visual alarm, which is a conventional alarm electrical component. When working, it flashes and emits a loud sound, and is a mature product in the market.

[0051] Specifically, the remote alarm component includes a wireless data transceiver module, which realizes wireless connection with the monitoring center.

[0052] Specifically, the wireless data transceiver module is an electronic module that realizes wireless communication between devices. Its core function is to transmit data through radio frequency technology, and it is widely used in remote control, Internet of Things, industrial automation, etc. It can convert serial port signals into wireless signals (such as environmental monitoring, medical equipment, etc.), and can select modules that support UART communication (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi serial server). When the module is paired, the working frequency and coding format must be consistent, and encryption transmission should be used to ensure security, or modules suitable for wide-area coverage scenarios (such as agriculture, industrial equipment monitoring) can be selected, such as LoRa modules, which have a transmission distance of several kilometers in the Sub-GHz frequency band (such as 433MHz) and low power consumption. If both speed and distance are considered, dual-frequency modules (such as Sub-GHz + 2.4GHz) can be selected. The wireless data transceiver module is a mature product in the market.

[0053] The auxiliary monitoring component includes a plurality of ground measurement stations 5 and GNSS monitoring stations 6 fixed on the dam. The ground measurement station 5 is a surface deformation monitoring facility, and the GNSS monitoring station 6 is a high-precision displacement and deformation monitoring device based on satellite positioning technology.

[0054] Specifically, the ground measurement station 5 realizes monitoring on the dam ground facility through the built-in layered settlement meter, and is equipped with a corresponding support power supply.

[0055] Specifically, the GNSS monitoring station 6 realizes monitoring through the built-in satellite signal processing module. The core function is to receive and process GNSS satellite signals such as "Beidou satellite positioning system" signals, accurately calculate the longitude, latitude and height coordinates of a specific point on the dam, and compare and analyze historical data to determine the direction, degree and trend of displacement, with millimeter-level precision, capable of monitoring horizontal displacement and capturing vertical settlement and other small deformations. The GNSS monitoring station 6 is equipped with a solar panel and a battery to support its normal operation.

[0056] A plurality of fixed columns 4 are arranged inside the dam, the lower end of the fixed column 4 is located at the permanent geological layer of the dam, so that the fixed column 4 is immovable, the upper end of the fixed column 4 is located inside the dam, the upper end of the fixed column 4 is connected with a measuring box 8, the outside of the fixed column 4 is connected with a settlement box 3 which can only slide downward, the measuring box 8 is located inside the settlement box 3, the settlement box 3 cooperates with the measuring box 8, the distance of the settlement box 3 is measured through the calculation of the data management assembly, and the settlement box 3 and the measuring box 8 are reasonably distributed in the dam according to the height of the dam, and are reasonably matched in height according to the height of the dam, so that the inside of the dam is scientifically laid out and effectively monitored.

[0057] The upper end of the fixed column 4 is fixedly connected with an electric push rod 7, the working shaft of the electric push rod 7 is fixedly connected with the measuring box 8, the electric push rod 7 can work and stop under the control of the control signal of the data management assembly, when a measurement period of the dam inside is completed, the electric push rod 7 works, the working shaft drives the measuring box 8 to move downward, and prepares for the measurement distance for the next measurement period.

[0058] Specifically, the electric push rod 7 adopts a mature product in the market, and specifically can adopt a servo electric cylinder, so as to realize accurate control of the descending movement distance of the measuring box 8.

[0059] The measuring box 8 is rotationally connected with a first gear 10, the settlement box 3 is fixedly connected with a rack 9, the rack 9 is engaged with the first gear 10, the measuring box 8 is further rotationally connected with a second gear 12, the second gear 12 is engaged with the first gear 10, the diameter of the first gear 10 is greater than the diameter of the second gear 12, so as to realize stroke amplification of the moving distance of the rack 9.

[0060] The body of the displacement sensor 14 is fixed in the inside of the measuring box 8, the sliding sheet of the displacement sensor 14 is fixedly connected with a working block 17, the rotating shaft of the second gear 12 is coaxially fixedly connected with a rope collecting wheel 11, the working block 17 is connected with the rope collecting wheel 11 through a pull rope 13, so as to realize synchronous rotation of the second gear 12 and the rope collecting wheel 11 when the rack 9 moves downward, the working block is pulled to slide along the displacement sensor 14 through the pull rope 13, and then the actual moving distance of the settlement box 3 is measured through the calculation of the data management assembly.

[0061] Specifically, the displacement sensor 14 is a linear displacement sensor, the function of the linear displacement sensor is to convert the linear mechanical displacement into an electrical signal, in order to achieve this effect, the variable resistance sliding rail is usually arranged at the fixed part of the sensor, the different resistance values are measured through the displacement of the sliding sheet on the sliding rail, the sensor sliding rail is connected with a stable direct current voltage, a small current of microamperes is allowed to flow, the voltage between the sliding sheet and the starting end is proportional to the length of the sliding sheet, and then the actual displacement is obtained through the conversion of the electrical signal.

[0062] Further, in order to keep the working block 17 in straight line motion, a guide rod 15 is fixedly connected to the inside of the measuring box 8, the working block 17 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 15 through a spring 16, one end of the spring 16 is connected with the working block 17, and the other end of the spring 16 is fixedly connected with the tail end of the guide rod 15.

[0063] Specifically, the diameters of the first gear 10, the rope winding wheel 11 and the second gear 12 are fixed values in the device, the value of the displacement sensor 14 measured by the working block 17 slidably connected with the rope winding wheel 11 through the pulling rope 13 is the winding length of the rope winding wheel 11, i.e. the working arc length of the rope winding wheel 11, according to the measured arc length, the rotation angle of the rope winding wheel 11 can be obtained by using the arc length formula, and because the transmission ratio of the first gear 10 and the second gear 12 is a fixed value, the rotation angle of the first gear 10 can be obtained, and then the working arc length of the first gear 10 can be obtained by using the arc length formula, the working arc length of the first gear 10 is the moving distance of the rack 9, i.e. the actual sinking distance of the sinking box 3.

[0064] Specifically, according to the predetermined monitoring period and the estimated dam settlement value, the actual moving distance of the sinking box 3 has three situations:

[0065] ① If the dam is unstable inside or the foundation is damaged, the soil and rock inside the dam are lost, the sinking box 3 is driven to move downward by the action force of the soil and rock moving downward, and in the current monitoring period, the data management assembly obtains the actual settlement value of the sinking box 3 by the measured value of the displacement sensor 14, which has exceeded the estimated dam settlement value, which represents that the settlement inside the dam is too much and exceeds the preset settlement value of the dam in the current period, the dam has a certain potential danger, at this time, manual intervention is needed to find out the reason and handle it, at this time, the data management assembly makes the alarm assembly work, and after the treatment is completed, the manual adjusts the measuring box 8 to the fixed position of the next period;

[0066] ② If the dam soil and rock are stable or the foundation is stable, the dam is settled by the water storage pressure and its own weight or the internal settlement, the sinking box 3 is driven to move downward by the action force of the soil and rock moving downward, and at the end of the current monitoring period, the data management assembly obtains the actual settlement value of the sinking box 3 by the measured value of the displacement sensor 14, which is equal to the estimated dam settlement value, the alarm assembly does not need to work, the data management assembly moves downward through the electric push rod 7, drives the measuring box 8 to move downward, makes the measuring box 8 reposition at the initial position of the rack 9, and makes the measuring box 8 measure in the next period through the data management assembly and compare with the estimated settlement value in the next period;

[0067] ③Dam earthwork stability or foundation stability, the dam settlement or internal settlement under the action of earthwork downward force, the settlement tank 3 is driven to move down, at the end of the current monitoring period, the data management component obtains the actual settlement value of the settlement tank 3 less than the estimated dam settlement value, the alarm component does not need to work, the data management component moves down through the electric push rod 7, drives the measuring tank 8 to move down, makes the measuring tank 8 reposition at the initial position of the rack 9, and makes the measuring tank 8 measure the next period through the data management component, and compares with the estimated settlement value of the next period.

[0068] Further, when a measurement period ends, the measuring tank 8 is adjusted downward through the electric push rod 7 according to the sinking distance of the settlement tank 3, at this time, the first gear 10 rotates downward along the rack 9, the collecting reel 11 is reversely rotated to release the pull rope 13, under the action of the spring 16, the working block 17 is slowly reset, finally the measuring tank 8 repositions at the initial position of the rack 9, and the data management component records the number of measurement periods.

[0069] It should be noted that the automatic total station including the optical measuring part and the angle measuring part, the ground measuring station 5 and the GNSS monitoring station 6, the electric push rod 7, the displacement sensor 14 and the alarm component are electrically connected with the data management component in the comprehensive measuring station 1.

[0070] The device further includes a solar panel and a battery for providing power support for the optical measuring part and the angle measuring part, the data management component and the alarm component, which are all mature market products.

[0071] A reservoir dam deformation monitoring method adopts the reservoir dam deformation monitoring device, and includes the following steps:

[0072] S1 external measurement: the dam surface is periodically measured through the external monitoring component, and the settlement value of the dam surface is obtained through the data management component, when the dam surface sinks beyond the warning value, the data management component sends an alarm through the alarm component;

[0073] S2 internal monitoring: the settlement tank 3 drives the settlement component to descend, and the displacement measurement component is driven to obtain the movement value through the stroke amplification component, and the actual settlement value of the settlement tank 3 is obtained through the data management component, when the internal settlement of the dam exceeds the warning value, the data management component sends an alarm through the alarm component;

[0074] S3 horizontal comparison: the current period settlement amount in step S1 is horizontally compared with the monitoring data of the auxiliary monitoring component, so as to reduce the monitoring error.

[0075] The sinking amount is calculated by using the trigonometric function formula in step S1, the straight-line distance of the current measurement point from the observation point on the dam is measured by the optical measuring member, the angle between the measurement line of the current measurement point and the measurement line of the last measurement point is obtained by the angle measuring member, and the formula is as follows:

[0076] a 当 2 =b 2 +c 上 2 - 2bc 上 cos a (1);

[0077] wherein, a 当 represents the dam settlement value in the current period, b is the straight-line distance of the current measurement point from the observation point on the dam, c 上 is the straight-line distance of the last measurement point from the observation point on the dam, α is the angle between the measurement line of the current measurement point and the measurement line of the last measurement point;

[0078] The total historical settlement value of the dam is calculated by using the formula as follows:

[0079] a 历 2 =b 2 +c 初 2 - 2bc 初 cos b (2);

[0080] wherein, a 历 represents the total historical settlement value of the dam between the current measurement and the initial value, b is the straight-line distance of the current measurement point from the observation point on the dam, c 初 is the straight-line distance of the last measurement point from the observation point on the dam, β is the angle between the measurement line of the current measurement point and the measurement line of the last measurement point.

[0081] The actual downward distance of the settlement box 3 is calculated by using the function formula in step S2, and the formula is as follows:

[0082] (3);

[0083] wherein, L 实 is the actual sinking value of the sink box 3, d 大 is the diameter of the first gear 10, d 收 is the diameter of the rope collecting wheel 11, d 小 is the diameter of the second gear 12, l 收 is the measured value of the displacement sensor 14;

[0084] The calculation formula is simplified as follows:

[0085] (4).

[0086] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A reservoir dam deformation monitoring device, characterized by, Comprising, An external monitoring assembly for monitoring the deformation of the dam surface, the external monitoring assembly comprising an optical measuring element and an angle measuring element; An internal monitoring assembly, the internal monitoring assembly comprising a fixed column (4), the upper end of the fixed column (4) being fixedly connected with an adjusting assembly, the working end of the adjusting assembly being connected with a measuring box (8), the fixed column (4) being externally connected with a settlement box (3) capable of only sliding downward, the settlement box (3) being provided with a settlement assembly, the measuring box (8) being internally provided with a stroke amplification assembly cooperating with the settlement assembly, the stroke amplification assembly being connected with a displacement measuring assembly; A data management assembly for processing the data obtained by the external monitoring assembly and the internal monitoring assembly and making corresponding control; The settlement assembly comprises a rack (9), the rack (9) being fixedly connected with the settlement box (3), the stroke amplification assembly comprises a first gear (10), the first gear (10) being rotatably connected with the measuring box (8), the first gear (10) being engaged with the rack (9), the inside of the measuring box (8) being rotatably connected with a second gear (12), the second gear (12) being engaged with the first gear (10), the rotation shaft of the second gear (12) being coaxially fixedly connected with a winding wheel (11); The displacement measuring assembly comprises a displacement sensor (14), the body of the displacement sensor (14) being fixed in the inside of the measuring box (8), the sliding sheet of the displacement sensor (14) being fixedly connected with a working block (17), the working block (17) being connected with the winding wheel (11) through a pull rope (13); The measuring box (8) is fixedly connected with a guide rod (15), the guide rod (15) being slidably connected with the working block (17), the guide rod (15) being provided with a spring (16) for resetting the working block (17); The adjusting assembly comprises an electric push rod (7), the working shaft of the electric push rod (7) being fixedly connected with the measuring box (8), the electric push rod (7) being capable of executing the control signal of the data management assembly.

2. The reservoir dam deformation monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein The external monitoring assembly further comprises an auxiliary monitoring assembly, the auxiliary monitoring assembly comprising a ground measuring station (5) and a GNSS monitoring station (6).

3. The reservoir dam deformation monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein Further comprising an alarm assembly for responding to the data management assembly, the alarm assembly comprising a local alarm element and a remote alarm element, the local alarm element being an audible and visual alarm, the remote alarm element comprising a wireless data transceiving module.

4. A reservoir dam deformation monitoring method using the reservoir dam deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: S1 external measurement: periodically measuring the dam surface by the external monitoring assembly, obtaining the settlement value of the dam surface by the data management assembly, and issuing an alarm by the alarm assembly when the settlement of the dam surface exceeds the warning value; S2 internal monitoring: cooperating the settlement box (3) with the measuring box (8), the settlement box (3) driving the settlement assembly to descend, obtaining the movement value by the displacement measuring assembly through the stroke amplification assembly, obtaining the actual settlement value of the settlement box (3) by the data management assembly, and issuing an alarm by the alarm assembly when the settlement of the dam interior exceeds the warning value; S3 transverse comparison: the current period settlement amount in step S1 is compared with the monitoring data of the auxiliary monitoring assembly to reduce the monitoring error.

5. The method for monitoring deformation of a reservoir dam according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the step S1, the triangular function formula is used to calculate the settlement amount. The straight-line distance between the measurement point and the observation point on the dam is measured by the optical measuring device. The measurement distance value of the last time is known, and the angle between the measurement line and the horizontal line is automatically obtained by the angle measuring device. The angle between the last measurement line and the horizontal line is known. The formula is as follows: （1）； wherein a 当 represents the dam settlement value in the current period, b is the straight-line distance of the current measurement point from the dam observation point, c 上 is the straight-line distance of the last measurement point from the dam observation point, and α is the included angle between the current distance measurement line and the last distance measurement line. The total value of the historical settlement of the dam is calculated, and the formula is as follows: （2）； wherein a 历 represents the total settlement value of the dam history between the present measurement and the initial value, b is the straight line distance of the present measurement point from the observation point on the dam, c 初 is the straight line distance of the measurement point from the observation point on the dam at the initial installation, and β is the angle between the measurement line of the present measurement point from the observation point on the dam and the measurement line of the measurement point from the observation point on the dam at the initial installation.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein In the step S2, the function formula is used to calculate the actual downward distance of the settlement box (3), and the formula is as follows: （3）； wherein L 实 is the actual sinking value of the settling tank (3), d 大 is the diameter of the first gearwheel (10), d 收 is the diameter of the rope collecting wheel (11), d 小 is the diameter of the second gearwheel (12), l 收 is the measured value of the displacement measuring assembly; After simplifying the calculation formula, the following is obtained: （4）。

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