A method, system, and medium for controlling a photovoltaic power generation array in a highway area.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array in a highway area, relating to the field of photovoltaic array control technology. Based on existing technologies, the method improves upon existing methods by dividing the highway area into open sections, canyon sections, and tunnel connecting sections, achieving precise identification and response to the lighting characteristics of different terrains. A first regulation model is used in open sections to fully utilize the advantages of direct sunlight; a second regulation model is used in canyon and tunnel sections to specifically optimize the ability to capture scattered light. Both regulation models incorporate glare constraints and are dynamically adjusted based on real-time data to ensure that no traffic safety hazards arise under any lighting conditions, eliminating visual interference to drivers at the source. It exhibits significant advantages in power generation efficiency, safety, adaptability, and economy, and is suitable for highway areas with complex terrain and high safety requirements, providing reliable technical support for the integrated construction of photovoltaic power generation in highways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic array control technology, specifically to a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy utilization method, has been widely used globally. The output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays are highly dependent on the ambient light conditions, especially solar irradiance, sunshine duration, and solar incidence angle. In order to maximize energy capture, maximum power point tracking technology has become a standard configuration in photovoltaic power generation systems. In addition, for some shading conditions, the industry has developed improved MPPT strategies such as global scanning and artificial intelligence-based optimization algorithms, as well as hardware means such as reconfiguring electrical connections or using optimizers to mitigate the effects of shading.

[0003] However, long-term engineering practice and research have revealed that existing photovoltaic array control methods exhibit significant inadequacies and limitations when applied to special geographical and climatic environments such as the Sichuan-Chongqing region. The core problems mainly lie in the following two aspects:

[0004] First, existing methods are insufficient to address the extreme local shading problems caused by the complex and varied terrain of regions like Sichuan and Chongqing. These regions are predominantly hilly and mountainous, with dramatic elevation changes. Photovoltaic arrays installed at different locations (such as along mountain roads or on terraced rooftops) experience significant differences in solar irradiance, sunshine duration, and incident angle among their various components. This difference is not a simple, stable form of shading, but rather a highly complex, dynamic pattern of local shading that changes with the sun's position. Current photovoltaic array control decisions are typically based on the assumption of uniform illumination across the entire array, failing to detect and respond to such fine-grained local illumination differences. This results in some components becoming loads due to severe shading, not only drastically reducing their own power generation but also triggering hot spot effects and significantly lowering the overall array output power.

[0005] Second, given the high proportion of scattered light in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, the optimization objectives of existing control strategies are fundamentally flawed. The region experiences frequent cloudy, foggy, and rainy weather, resulting in a low proportion of direct sunlight and an extremely high proportion of scattered light. Under conditions dominated by scattered light, sunlight originates from the entire sky hemisphere rather than a specific point source, rendering traditional tracking strategies based on direct sunlight models (such as tracking the apparent solar motion trajectory or control based on direct irradiance sensors) ineffective. In this situation, systems with fixed tilt angles or using single / dual-axis tracking offer negligible power generation gains, and may even result in negative net returns due to the energy consumption of the drive system itself.

[0006] In summary, existing control models and strategies are designed for general or ideal scenarios with relatively uniform illumination and dominant direct sunlight, failing to fully consider complex operating conditions such as extremely non-uniform illumination and high proportion of scattered light. Therefore, a novel photovoltaic array control method is needed that can deeply integrate the actual solar climatic characteristics of a region and adaptively address scenarios with local shading and high scattered light, in order to fully tap the photovoltaic power generation potential of the region and improve the overall power generation efficiency and economics of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the significant inadequacies and limitations of existing photovoltaic array control methods when applied to special geographical and climatic environments such as the Sichuan-Chongqing region, this invention aims to provide a control method, system, and medium for photovoltaic power generation arrays in highway areas. Based on existing technologies, the method improves upon existing techniques by dividing the highway area into open sections, canyon sections, and tunnel connecting sections, achieving precise identification and response to the lighting characteristics of different terrains. A first control model is used in open sections to fully utilize the advantages of direct sunlight; a second control model is used in canyon and tunnel sections to specifically optimize the ability to capture scattered light. Both control models incorporate glare constraints and are dynamically adjusted based on real-time data to ensure that no traffic safety hazards arise under sunny or cloudy lighting conditions, eliminating visual interference to drivers at the source. This method offers significant advantages in power generation efficiency, safety, adaptability, and economy, making it suitable for highway areas with complex terrain and high safety requirements, and providing reliable technical support for integrated photovoltaic construction in highways.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] This solution provides a method for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway, the method including:

[0010] The target highway area is divided into several different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel-connected road segments.

[0011] A photovoltaic array angle control model with different objectives is constructed. The photovoltaic array angle control model includes a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light.

[0012] Obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type;

[0013] By acquiring real-time basic data of the target road segment and combining the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment, the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment is solved.

[0014] The photovoltaic array angle control strategy is executed on the target road section.

[0015] A further optimization scheme involves dividing the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; including the following methods:

[0016] Based on the terrain of the target highway area, the target highway area is divided into open road sections, canyon sections, tunnel connecting sections, and winding road sections;

[0017] For open road sections, a preset length threshold is set. When the length of the current open road section exceeds the length threshold, the current open road section will be further divided into multiple open road sections.

[0018] A further optimized solution involves constructing photovoltaic array angle control models for different objectives, including the following methods:

[0019] The first objective function is constructed with the goal of maximizing the amount of direct incident light:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, Indicates the amount of direct light incident; α s Indicates the solar altitude angle; ϕ s γ represents the solar azimuth angle; β represents the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array; β represents the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array. This indicates the azimuth and tilt angles for finding the photovoltaic array with the maximum amount of direct sunlight incident.

[0022] To maximize the capture of scattered light, a second objective function is constructed:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, Indicates the amount of scattered light captured; Indicates the light-trapping coefficient; This represents the proportion of the sky that is not obstructed by terrain features when viewed from the location of the photovoltaic array. M represents the degree to which the photovoltaic array is protected from the shadow of terrain obstacle j; M represents the total number of terrain obstacles.

[0025] The further optimization plan is to obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints based on the road segment type of the target road segment;

[0026] For canyon sections and tunnel connecting sections, glare constraints are set, and the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; special tilt angle constraints are also set for canyon sections.

[0027] For open road sections, glare constraints are set, and the ratio D of direct irradiance to total irradiance of the current open road section is calculated. A ratio threshold De is preset. When the ratio D exceeds the ratio threshold De, the first control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; otherwise, the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model.

[0028] A further optimized solution is that the glare constraint conditions include:

[0029] The azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array deviates from the direction of the road by a first angle, and the first angle increases as the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array increases;

[0030] The maximum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is the angle between the line connecting the position of the photovoltaic array to the driver's eye position and the horizontal plane, minus the buffer angle;

[0031] The minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is such that when the vehicle is at its farthest position from the photovoltaic array and the driver's eye position is at its lowest, the reflected light from the photovoltaic array will not directly enter the driver's eye position. At the same time, the minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is greater than the minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array system.

[0032] A further optimization scheme is that the special tilt angle constraint condition includes ensuring that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array avoids shading by the opposite mountain; specifically:

[0033] ;

[0034] Among them, H c Indicates the height of the mountain on the opposite side of the canyon; D c The width of the canyon is represented by ; arctan() represents the arctangent function; and h represents the installation height of the photovoltaic array above the ground.

[0035] A further optimized solution involves acquiring real-time basic data of the target road segment, combining this data with the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment, and then solving for the photovoltaic array angle control strategy for the target road segment; including the following methods:

[0036] Multiple grid points are generated within the target range of the tilt angle β and azimuth angle γ of the photovoltaic array;

[0037] The optimal solution is determined by performing a grid search within the target area using the first step length.

[0038] Centered on the optimal solution, a grid search is performed within a preset neighborhood with a second step size to determine the final tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array.

[0039] The grid search includes: for each grid point (β, γ) of the tunnel connecting road segment, checking whether the glare constraint condition is met; for each grid point (β, γ) of the canyon road segment and the open road segment, checking whether the glare constraint condition is met; among the grid points that meet the constraint condition, calculating the objective function value, and selecting the grid point with the largest objective function value for output.

[0040] A further optimization is to make the second step length smaller than the first step length.

[0041] This solution also provides a control system for a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array, used to implement the aforementioned control method for a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array, the system comprising:

[0042] The segmentation module is used to divide the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel connection road segments.

[0043] A construction module is used to construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives. The photovoltaic array angle control models include a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light.

[0044] The determination module is used to acquire the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type.

[0045] The solution module is used to acquire real-time basic data of the target road segment, and combine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment to solve the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment.

[0046] The execution module is used to execute the photovoltaic array angle control strategy on the target road segment.

[0047] This solution also provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, can implement a method for controlling a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array as described above.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. This invention provides a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array in a highway area. Based on existing technologies, the method is improved by dividing the highway area into open sections, canyon sections, and tunnel connecting sections, achieving precise identification and response to the lighting characteristics of different terrains. A first regulation model is used in open sections to fully utilize the advantages of direct sunlight; a second regulation model is used in canyon and tunnel sections to specifically optimize the ability to capture scattered light. Both regulation models are equipped with glare constraints and dynamically adjusted based on real-time data to ensure that no traffic safety hazards are generated under sunny or cloudy lighting conditions, eliminating visual interference to drivers at the source. It has significant advantages in power generation efficiency, safety, adaptability, and economy, and is suitable for highway areas with complex terrain and high safety requirements, providing reliable technical support for the integrated construction of photovoltaic power generation in highways.

[0050] 2. This invention provides a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array in a highway area. This solution takes into account the terrain characteristics of mountainous and tunneled areas, as well as areas with cloudy and foggy weather conditions. By classifying road sections and adopting corresponding regulation strategies, it can adapt to changes in complex terrain and weather conditions, and improve the power generation performance of the photovoltaic system under adverse environments.

[0051] 3. This invention provides a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway. This solution specifically considers the terrain characteristics of mountainous and tunnel-prone areas, as well as areas with cloudy and foggy weather conditions. By classifying road sections and adopting corresponding regulation strategies, it can adapt to changes in complex terrain and weather conditions, improving the power generation performance of the photovoltaic system under adverse environments. By acquiring real-time basic data (such as solar position, weather data, etc.) and combining it with preset regulation models and constraints, the optimal photovoltaic array angle regulation strategy can be solved in real time, responding to changes in real-time illumination conditions, terrain conditions, etc., and maximizing power generation efficiency in real time.

[0052] 4. This invention provides a method, system, and medium for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array in a highway area; it solves two regulation models based on a grid search solution method. The grid search solution method is simple and reliable, and can be well applied to the two regulation models where the constraints are inequalities about angles (β and γ). In the grid search, a two-stage search is performed, first coarse and then fine, to improve the search accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the control method for photovoltaic power generation arrays along highways;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control system structure for a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0057] Existing photovoltaic array control methods exhibit significant inadequacies and limitations when applied to the unique geographical and climatic environments of the Sichuan-Chongqing region. Therefore, this solution provides the following embodiments to address the aforementioned technical problems:

[0058] Example 1

[0059] This embodiment provides a method for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0060] Step 1: Divide the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel connecting road segments;

[0061] Step one specifically includes the following methods:

[0062] S11. Divide the target highway area into open road sections, canyon sections, and tunnel connecting sections according to the terrain. Calculate the terrain undulation (specifically, the elevation standard deviation), horizontal openness (specifically, the maximum sight distance), and vertical openness (specifically, the difference between the average height of the mountains or obstacles on both sides and the highway elevation) based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data along the highway and the vector data of the highway centerline. Set corresponding thresholds for terrain undulation, horizontal openness, and vertical openness to delineate open road sections, canyon sections, and tunnel connecting sections.

[0063] S12, For open road sections, a preset length threshold Le is set. When the length L of the current open road section exceeds the length threshold Le, the current open road section is further divided into multiple open road sections.

[0064] For areas along a highway with significant local weather variations, such as a long, open road section with multiple weather conditions (some sections sunny, others cloudy / rainy), formulating control strategies based solely on the entire open road section would only accommodate one weather condition and could easily lead to inaccuracies. Therefore, this solution divides the long, open road section into multiple sub-open road sections, with each sub-open road section treated as an independent open road section, and its control strategy is formulated separately based on the weather conditions. This allows for more precise control of the photovoltaic power generation array in situations where there are significant local weather variations along a highway.

[0065] Step 2: Construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives. The photovoltaic array angle control models include a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light.

[0066] Construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives; including methods:

[0067] The first objective function is constructed with the goal of maximizing the amount of direct incident light, namely, maximizing the projection of direct light onto the normal vector of the photovoltaic panel:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, represents the amount of direct sunlight incident; s represents the solar unit direction vector (from the photovoltaic array to the sun), and n represents the normal unit vector of the photovoltaic array plane; This represents the azimuth and tilt angles of the photovoltaic array that maximizes the amount of direct sunlight incident; α s Indicates the solar altitude angle; ϕ s γ represents the solar azimuth angle; β represents the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array; β represents the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array.

[0070] On a clear day, direct sunlight dominates, and the road surface is open and unobstructed, so the effects of diffused light and shadows can be ignored. The tilt angle β and azimuth angle γ of the photovoltaic array are adjusted to maximize the amount of direct sunlight incident. The objective is to maximize the direct sunlight incident amount, which is proportional to the dot product of the sunlight and the normal vector of the photovoltaic array, i.e., maximizing s·n. The dot product is maximized when the sunlight is parallel to the normal vector of the photovoltaic array, resulting in the highest power generation efficiency.

[0071] With the goal of maximizing the capture of scattered light, and considering the mountainous terrain and severe local shadows in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, we also need to avoid shadow occlusion. Therefore, the constructed second objective function is:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, Indicates the amount of scattered light captured; Indicates the light-trapping coefficient; This represents the proportion of the sky that is not obstructed by terrain features when viewed from the location of the photovoltaic array. M represents the degree to which the photovoltaic array is protected from the shadow of terrain obstacle j; M represents the total number of terrain obstacles.

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] in, This indicates the degree to which the photovoltaic array is protected from the shadowing effect of terrain obstacles (j). Let represent the shadow influence factor of terrain obstacle j. Under the current sun position, consider the center of the photovoltaic array as a point A, and then determine whether point A is within the shadow of terrain obstacle j. If so, then... =0, otherwise =1; θ c Indicates the critical occlusion angle; r j Let represent the vector from the photovoltaic array to the terrain obstacle j; H() represents the Heaviside step function; ||*|| represents the norm of the vector; V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) represents the directional visibility function. In spherical coordinates, for a given zenith angle θ and azimuth angle ϕ forming a direction (θ, ϕ), V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) = 0 when there is obstruction in the direction (θ, ϕ), and V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) = 1 when there is no obstruction in the direction (θ, ϕ); ρ g This represents the ground reflectivity.

[0078] Parameters such as the scattered light capture coefficient, solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and ground reflectivity can be obtained from real-time data. Data on changes in the sun's position, such as shadows of terrain features and obstacles, and shadow influence factors, can be constructed from the initial site selection and design data of the photovoltaic array. For example, for obstacle shadows, the shadow distribution can be pre-calculated using the solar trajectory of representative dates of the year (such as the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice) and stored as a lookup table. The day can be divided into several time periods, and a fixed shadow avoidance factor can be used in each time period. The sky visibility factor and the overall shadow occlusion can be pre-calculated and stored.

[0079] Since scattered light is uniform in all directions, maximizing the capture of scattered light usually means maximizing the view of the photovoltaic panel towards the sky, i.e., maximizing the sky visibility factor. For scattered light, we usually use an isotropic model, where the received scattered light is proportional to the view of the photovoltaic panel towards the sky, i.e., proportional to (1+cosβ) / 2 (for isotropic scattered light, the scattered light received on a horizontal surface is 1, and on an inclined surface it is (1+cosβ) / 2). Therefore, maximizing the amount of scattered light received is equivalent to maximizing (1+cosβ) / 2, i.e., minimizing β (making β=0). In canyon sections and tunnel connection sections, it is also necessary to consider avoiding shadows. Therefore, in the second control model of this scheme, not only scattered light but also shadow occlusion is considered. In canyon sections, the surrounding terrain will block part of the sky, which can be well corrected by combining the sky visibility factor.

[0080] Step 3: Obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type;

[0081] This step specifically includes the following methods:

[0082] For canyon sections and tunnel connecting sections, glare constraints are set, and the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; special tilt angle constraints are also set for canyon sections.

[0083] For open road sections, glare constraints are set, and the ratio D of direct irradiance to total irradiance of the current open road section is calculated. A ratio threshold De is preset. When the ratio D exceeds the ratio threshold De, the first control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; otherwise, the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model.

[0084] Due to the complex terrain and significant differences in lighting conditions across different road sections in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, a uniform control strategy cannot be adopted. Instead, dynamic adjustments should be made based on real-time monitored lighting data (including direct and diffused light) and the terrain conditions of each road section. This solution employs a zone-specific differentiated strategy to address complex terrain and generates strategies based on a dual-mode control method. For open road sections, the mode is determined by real-time weather data: in sunny weather mode, it tracks direct sunlight, while in cloudy weather mode, it adjusts to diffused light mode. Glare constraints are met in any strategy or mode. This approach can adapt to complex terrain and climate conditions, maximizing the use of direct sunlight when it is abundant and maximizing the use of diffused light when it is predominant, while always ensuring traffic safety.

[0085] Glare constraint conditions include:

[0086] The azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array deviates from the road direction by a first angle, and this first angle increases with the increase of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array. At this point, as the tilt angle increases, the direction of the reflected light changes, requiring a larger azimuth angle deviation to avoid glare. The formula is expressed as:

[0087] ;

[0088] in, Indicates the azimuth angle of the road's direction; Indicates the minimum azimuth deviation of the photovoltaic array; This indicates the degree of influence of the tilt angle change on the required azimuth deviation;

[0089] In the above constraints, the calculation uses the absolute value of the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array relative to the direction of the road, indicating that the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array can be biased toward either side of the road, as long as the deviation is large enough.

[0090] The maximum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is the angle between the line connecting the photovoltaic array position to the driver's eye position and the horizontal plane, minus the buffer angle. This constraint limits the maximum tilt angle, ensuring that even if the array is installed high, its reflected light will not directly enter the driver's eyes. The formula is as follows:

[0091] ;

[0092] in, This indicates the average height of the driver's eye position relative to the road surface; This represents the horizontal projected distance from the center of the photovoltaic array to the nearest road edge; Indicates the safe buffer tilt angle; △H represents the range of eye position height fluctuation;

[0093] The minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is determined when the vehicle is at its furthest point from the array and the driver's eye level is at its lowest, ensuring that the reflected light from the array does not directly enter the driver's eyes. Simultaneously, the minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array must be greater than the system's minimum tilt angle. The formula is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] in, This indicates the minimum tilt angle required for the photovoltaic array to operate normally; This indicates the length of the highway segment that may be affected by glare; max(a, b) indicates the larger of a and b. Indicates the safety buffer tilt angle.

[0096] The surface of a photovoltaic array is a high-performance mirror, which can produce strong directional reflected light at a certain solar angle, potentially causing instantaneous blindness to the driver and leading to serious accidents. Therefore, for photovoltaic arrays in the highway area, both the first and second control models use glare constraints as a constraint condition to ensure the safety of highway driving.

[0097] Special tilt angle constraints include ensuring the photovoltaic array's tilt angle avoids shading from the opposite mountain; specifically:

[0098] ;

[0099] Among them, H c Indicates the height of the mountain on the opposite side of the canyon; D c The width of the canyon is represented by ; arctan() represents the arctangent function; h represents the installation height of the photovoltaic array above the ground.

[0100] Step four involves acquiring real-time basic data for the target road segment, and combining this data with the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints for that segment to solve for the photovoltaic array angle control strategy. This step specifically includes the following methods:

[0101] S41, generate multiple grid points within the target range of the tilt angle β and azimuth angle γ of the photovoltaic array;

[0102] S42, use the first step length to perform a grid search within the target range to determine the optimal solution;

[0103] S43, with the optimal solution as the center, perform a grid search within a preset neighborhood with a second step size to determine the final tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array; wherein, the second step size is smaller than the first step size.

[0104] In the above steps, the grid search includes: for each grid point (β, γ) of the tunnel connecting road segment, checking whether the glare constraint condition is met; for each grid point (β, γ) of the canyon road segment and the open road segment, checking whether the glare constraint condition is met; among the grid points that meet the constraint condition, calculating the objective function value, and selecting the grid point with the largest objective function value for output.

[0105] The grid search solution method provided in this scheme can be used to solve two control models. Since the constraints of the two control models are inequalities about angles (β and γ), the grid search solution method is simple and reliable, and can be well applied to two-dimensional optimization problems and can handle complex constraints. In this scheme, a two-stage search is performed, first coarse and then fine, to improve the search accuracy.

[0106] Step 5: Implement the photovoltaic array angle control strategy on the target road section.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] This embodiment provides a control system for a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a method for controlling a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array, as described in Example 1, includes the following system:

[0109] The segmentation module is used to divide the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel connection road segments.

[0110] A construction module is used to construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives. The photovoltaic array angle control models include a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light.

[0111] The determination module is used to acquire the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type.

[0112] The solution module is used to acquire real-time basic data of the target road segment, and combine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment to solve the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment.

[0113] The execution module is used to execute the photovoltaic array angle control strategy on the target road segment.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] This embodiment provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, can implement a method for controlling a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array as described in Embodiment 1; specifically, the following steps are performed:

[0116] Step 1: Divide the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel connecting road segments;

[0117] Step 2: Construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives. The photovoltaic array angle control models include a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light.

[0118] Step 3: Obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type;

[0119] Step 4: Obtain real-time basic data of the target road segment, and combine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment to solve the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment.

[0120] Step 5: Implement the photovoltaic array angle control strategy on the target road section.

[0121] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating a photovoltaic power generation array along a highway, characterized in that, The methods include: The target highway area is divided into multiple different types of road segments; The types of road sections include: open road sections, canyon road sections, and tunnel-connected road sections; A photovoltaic array angle control model with different objectives is constructed. The photovoltaic array angle control model includes a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light. Methods for constructing photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives include: constructing a first objective function with the goal of maximizing the amount of direct incident light, i.e., maximizing the projection of direct light onto the normal vector of the photovoltaic panel. ； in, represents the amount of direct sunlight incident; s represents the solar unit direction vector, the direction from the photovoltaic array to the sun; n represents the normal unit vector of the photovoltaic array plane; This represents the azimuth and tilt angles of the photovoltaic array that maximizes the amount of direct sunlight incident; α s Indicates the solar altitude angle; ϕ s γ represents the solar azimuth angle; β represents the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array; β represents the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array. To maximize the capture of scattered light, a second objective function is constructed: ； in, Indicates the amount of scattered light captured; Indicates the light-trapping coefficient; This represents the proportion of the sky that is not obstructed by terrain features when viewed from the location of the photovoltaic array. This indicates the degree to which the photovoltaic array is protected from the shadowing of terrain obstacles j; M represents the total number of terrain obstacles. ； ； ； in, This indicates the degree to which the photovoltaic array is protected from the shadowing effect of terrain obstacles (j). Let represent the shadow influence factor of terrain obstacle j. Under the current sun position, consider the center of the photovoltaic array as a point A, and then determine whether point A is within the shadow of terrain obstacle j. If so, then... =0, otherwise =1; θ c Indicates the critical occlusion angle; r j Let represent the vector from the photovoltaic array to the terrain obstacle j; H() represents the Heaviside step function; ||*|| represents the norm of the vector; V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) represents the directional visibility function. In spherical coordinates, for a given zenith angle θ and azimuth angle ϕ forming a direction (θ, ϕ), V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) = 0 when there is obstruction in the direction (θ, ϕ), and V(θ, ϕ; β, γ) = 1 when there is no obstruction in the direction (θ, ϕ); ρ g Indicates ground reflectivity; Obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type; By acquiring real-time basic data of the target road segment and combining the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment, the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment is solved. The photovoltaic array angle control strategy is executed on the target road section.

2. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target highway area is divided into multiple different types of road segments; Including methods: Based on the terrain of the target highway area, the target highway area is divided into open road sections, canyon sections, tunnel connecting sections, and winding road sections; For open road sections, a preset length threshold is set. When the length of the current open road section exceeds the length threshold, the current open road section will be further divided into multiple open road sections.

3. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints based on the road segment type of the target road segment; For canyon sections and tunnel connecting sections, glare constraints are set, and the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; special tilt angle constraints are also set for canyon sections. For open road sections, glare constraints are set, and the ratio D of direct irradiance to total irradiance of the current open road section is calculated. A ratio threshold De is preset. When the ratio D exceeds the ratio threshold De, the first control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model; otherwise, the second control model is used as the photovoltaic array angle control model.

4. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The glare constraint conditions include: The azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array deviates from the direction of the road by a first angle, and the first angle increases as the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array increases; The maximum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is the angle between the line connecting the position of the photovoltaic array to the driver's eye position and the horizontal plane, minus the buffer angle; The minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is such that when the vehicle is at its farthest position from the photovoltaic array and the driver's eye position is at its lowest, the reflected light from the photovoltaic array will not directly enter the driver's eye position. At the same time, the minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array is greater than the minimum tilt angle of the photovoltaic array system.

5. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The special tilt angle constraint condition includes ensuring that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array avoids shading by the opposite mountain; specifically: ； Among them, H c Indicates the height of the mountain on the opposite side of the canyon; D c The width of the canyon is represented by ; arctan() represents the arctangent function; and h represents the installation height of the photovoltaic array above the ground.

6. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time basic data of the target road segment is obtained, and the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment is solved by combining the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment. Including methods: Multiple grid points are generated within the target range of the tilt angle β and azimuth angle γ of the photovoltaic array; The optimal solution is determined by performing a grid search within the target area using the first step length. Centered on the optimal solution, a grid search is performed within a preset neighborhood with a second step size to determine the final tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array. The grid search includes: for each grid point (β, γ) of the tunnel connection segment, checking whether the glare constraint condition is met; For each grid point (β, γ) in the canyon section and the open section, check whether the glare constraint condition is met; among the grid points that meet the constraint condition, calculate the objective function value, and select the grid point with the largest objective function value for output.

7. The method for regulating a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second step length is less than the first step length.

8. A control system for a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array, characterized in that, A method for controlling a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array as described in any one of claims 1-7, the system comprising: The segmentation module is used to divide the target highway area into multiple different types of road segments; the types of road segments include: open road segments, canyon road segments, and tunnel connection road segments. A construction module is used to construct photovoltaic array angle control models with different objectives. The photovoltaic array angle control models include a first control model with the objective of maximizing the amount of direct incident light and a second control model with the objective of maximizing the capture of scattered light. The determination module is used to acquire the road segment type and real-time basic data of the target road segment, and determine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment based on the road segment type. The solution module is used to acquire real-time basic data of the target road segment, and combine the photovoltaic array angle control model and constraints of the target road segment to solve the photovoltaic array angle control strategy of the target road segment. The execution module is used to execute the photovoltaic array angle control strategy on the target road segment.

9. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The computer program, when executed by a processor, can implement a method for controlling a highway roadside photovoltaic power generation array as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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