A walnut high-yield planting management method

Abstract

The application provides a walnut high-yield planting management method, and relates to the walnut forest management technical field.The planting management method mainly performs three-stage pruning on 8-30 year-old walnut trees in autumn and winter, retains four-direction main stems and part of branch on the main stem, further combines with fertilizer supplement, and prepares a leaf fertilizer by using a walnut branch fermentation extract and beta-arnbutein, and sprays in different stages.The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively improves the yield of the walnut, optimizes the fruit type of the walnut harvest, further improves the quality of the walnut, and comprehensively improves the economic benefit of the planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of walnut forest management technology, specifically to a method for high-yield walnut planting and management. Background Technology

[0002] Walnuts belong to the Juglandaceae family ( Juglandaceae The walnut tree, a tall and important ecological and economic woody oilseed crop in my country, is rich in nutrients, including fats and proteins, making it a crucial raw material for high-quality edible oils and various food products. With the national push for the development of woody grain and oil crops, the walnut industry has promising planting prospects. Currently, walnuts (… Juglans regia L) and soaked walnuts (L) Juglans sigillata Dode are the two main cultivated varieties.

[0003] Soaked walnuts ( Juglans sigillata Walnut trees typically reach full production after eight years of planting, with yields influenced by environmental and varietal factors. Pruning can significantly alter yield. Proper pruning balances vegetative and reproductive growth and improves fruit quality, but the overall effect is limited. For large-scale artificial cultivation and management of walnut orchards, increasing yield while ensuring harvest quality is the primary objective for achieving economic benefits. Therefore, combining pruning with subsequent fertilizer or pesticide management to increase yield is a crucial research direction at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-yield walnut planting and management method that effectively increases walnut production, optimizes the fruit shape of harvested walnuts, further improves walnut quality, and comprehensively enhances the economic benefits of planting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for high-yield walnut cultivation and management, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Primary pruning: In autumn and winter, walnut trees are pruned to shape them. Based on the tree structure, the main branches in four directions are retained, and the rest of the main branches are removed.

[0008] S2, Secondary pruning: Select 2-3 staggered strong branches on the back side of each main branch as secondary main branches;

[0009] S3, Third-level pruning: Thin out the secondary main branches, remove overly dense dead branches and diseased branches, and prune back the top of the secondary main branches by 80-100cm.

[0010] S4, pruning wound treatment: a coating agent prepared from quicklime, animal fat, aspirin, fulvic acid and water is used to coat the wounds caused by the first pruning;

[0011] S5, preparation of foliar fertilizer: after drying and crushing, the walnut pruning branches are mixed with cooked rice slurry, inoculated with Bacillus subtilis for fermentation, and the fermentation product is prepared into fermented extract after alcohol extraction, concentration and drying;

[0012] Configuration of foliar fertilizer A: urea 2-5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-4 g / L, fermented extract 60-100 mg / L, β- arbutin 6-10 mg / L + water;

[0013] Configuration of foliar fertilizer B: borax 0.5-1.5 g / L, zinc sulfate 1-3 g / L, fermented extract 60-100 mg / L, β- arbutin 6-10 mg / L + water;

[0014] S6, fertilization management:

[0015] Root fertilization is carried out once after the first pruning, at the budding stage and at the fruit setting stage;

[0016] Foliar fertilizer A is sprayed after the first pruning, and foliar fertilizer A is sprayed again after 7-15 days;

[0017] From the budding stage, foliar fertilizer B is sprayed, and then sprayed every 15-20 days, a total of 3-5 times.

[0018] Preferably, the walnut tree in step S1 is 8-30 years old.

[0019] Preferably, the secondary pruning and the tertiary pruning are carried out within 24 hours after the completion of the first pruning.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the mass parts of each component in the coating agent are: quicklime 8-10 parts, animal fat 1-2 parts, aspirin 0.02-0.04 parts, fulvic acid 0.05-0.06 parts, and water 30-40 parts.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented extract in step S5 comprises the following steps:

[0022] S5-1, dry the walnut branches to a water content of ≤12%, crush through a 20 mesh sieve, and obtain branch powder for use;

[0023] S5-2, grind the cooked rice into slurry by mixing with one volume of water, and obtain cooked rice slurry for use;

[0024] S5-3, mix the branch powder with cooked rice slurry at a volume ratio of 1:1, inoculate Bacillus subtilis and ferment at 30-35°C for 3-5 days to obtain fermented material for use;

[0025] S5-4, 3 times volume of 75% ethanol solution is added to the fermentation material for 1-2h, and the filtrate is obtained after pressure filtration, and the fermentation extract is obtained by vacuum concentration and drying.

[0026] Preferably, the inoculation amount of bacillus subtilis in step S5-3 is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of cooked rice slurry.

[0027] Preferably, the fertilizer in step S6 is obtained by compounding organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 10-15:1-1.5, and the single fertilization amount is 8-12kg / plant.

[0028] Preferably, the spraying time of foliar fertilizer A and foliar fertilizer B in step S6 is selected before 10:00 in the morning or after 17:00 in the afternoon, and rain days are avoided, and the spraying is carried out on the branches, twigs, leaves and trunks, and the spraying amount is wet but not dripping.

[0029] The present application provides a walnut high-yield planting management method, which has the advantages of:

[0030] The present application carries out reasonable grading pruning on walnut trees, and sprays different foliar fertilizers on the basis of this, realizes the reasonable canopy density of walnut trees through grading pruning, guarantees the photosynthesis of each branch, realizes good fruit setting rate, and then sprays different foliar fertilizers configured by the fermentation extract of walnut tree branches and cooked rice slurry and beta- arbutin at different stages, effectively improves the yield of subsequent walnut large fruits, comprehensively improves the quality of walnuts, and increases the economic benefits of planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram (a) and a physical diagram (b) of the walnut tree before and after pruning in example 2 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram (a) and a physical diagram (b) of the walnut tree before and after pruning in example 2 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of walnut picking and harvesting in the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the specifications of the Yannuo bubble walnut green fruit, from left to right, large fruit, medium fruit, small fruit;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the Yannuo bubble walnut large fruit, medium fruit and small fruit after removing the green skin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application. Embodiment 1

[0037] Preparation of raw materials

[0038] 1. Preparation of coating agent

[0039] According to the weight parts: 9 parts of quicklime, 1.5 parts of lard, 0.03 parts of aspirin, 0.05 parts of fulvic acid, and 35 parts of water, the substances are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the coating agent for standby.

[0040] 2. Fertilizer

[0041] The organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and the 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (Guizhenyuan 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, 45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer) are compounded according to the mass ratio of 15:1.3 to obtain the fertilizer as the supplemental fertilizer.

[0042] 3. Preparation of fermentation extract

[0043] 3.1. Preparation of extract HM-1

[0044] (1) The branch cuttings of the walnut tree are dried to a water content of ≤12%, then crushed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain branch powder for standby;

[0045] (2) The rice is steamed with hot steam for 30 min, then taken out and added with one volume of water to grind into a slurry, obtaining cooked rice slurry for standby;

[0046] (3) Equal volumes of branch powder and cooked rice slurry are mixed and stirred uniformly, then 0.2% of Bacillus subtilis (Lu Feng Biology, effective viable bacterial count 200 billion / gram) of the total mass of cooked rice slurry is added, and the fermentation treatment is carried out for 5 days to obtain fermentation material for standby;

[0047] (4) The fermentation material is added with 3 volumes of 75% alcohol solution, and after 2h of extraction, it is pressed and filtered, and the filtrate is vacuum dried to obtain extract HM-1.

[0048] 3.2. Preparation of extract HM-2

[0049] (1) The branch cuttings of the walnut tree are dried to a water content of ≤12%, then crushed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain branch powder for standby;

[0050] (2) Add the rice into one volume of water to grind into slurry, and obtain raw rice slurry for standby;

[0051] (3) Mix the branch powder and the raw rice slurry in equal volume, and then add Bacillus subtilis in an amount of 0.2% of the total mass of the raw rice slurry, and ferment for 5 days to obtain fermented material for standby;

[0052] (4) Add the fermented material into 3 volumes of 75% alcohol solution, and soak for 2 hours, then press and filter, and vacuum dry the filtrate to obtain the extract HM-2.

[0053] 3.3, Preparation of extract HT:

[0054] (1) Dry the branch of the walnut tree pruned to a water content of ≤12%, and then crush to pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain branch powder for standby;

[0055] (2) Mix the branch powder with equal volume of water, and then add Bacillus subtilis in an amount of 0.2% of the total mass of the branch powder, and ferment for 5 days to obtain fermented material for standby;

[0056] (3) Add the fermented material into 3 volumes of 75% alcohol solution, and soak for 2 hours, then press and filter, and vacuum dry the filtrate to obtain the extract HT.

[0057] 3.4, Preparation of extract MJ:

[0058] (1) Steam the rice with hot steam for 30 minutes, and then add one volume of water to grind into slurry, and obtain cooked rice slurry for standby;

[0059] (2) Mix the cooked rice slurry and add Bacillus subtilis in an amount of 0.2% of the total mass of the cooked rice slurry, and ferment for 5 days to obtain fermented material for standby;

[0060] (3) Add the fermented material into 3 volumes of 75% alcohol solution, and soak for 2 hours, then press and filter, and vacuum dry the filtrate to obtain the extract MJ.

[0061] 4, Preparation of foliar fertilizer:

[0062] Prepare different foliar fertilizers according to Table 1 below:

[0063] Table 1

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] Walnut planting management:

[0066] Select a 12-year-old Yangpou walnut forest near Dazhounian, Yangpoyi Autonomous County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province as the experimental site, and prune the walnut trees in the experimental site as follows

[0067] (1) First pruning: prune the walnut trees on December 6, 2023, according to the tree shape (the tree shape is mainly divided into no main type and main type), retain four direction thick rod main branches according to the tree shape, and remove the remaining thick rod main branches, then on the pruning day, use a coating agent to coat the surface of the pruning site;

[0068] (2) Second pruning: second pruning is performed within 24 hours after first pruning, that is, 2-3 strong branches are retained on the back of the four retained thick rod main branches as secondary main branches, and the remaining branches are all removed;

[0069] (3) Third pruning: immediately after the second pruning is completed, the secondary main branches are pruned to remove dense dead branches, diseased branches, and retract the top 80-100 cm of the secondary main branches (according to the tree shape, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 );

[0070] (4) Fertilization management: 10 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied after first pruning, 12 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied before the budding period of the walnut trees, and 8 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied during the fruit setting period of the walnut trees, and the supplemental fertilizer is applied near the tree roots, and then the soil is irrigated with clear water;

[0071] (5) Spray once with foliar fertilizer A after first pruning, and then spray again with foliar fertilizer A after 12 days; spray once with foliar fertilizer B during the budding period, and then spray again with foliar fertilizer B every 15-20 days, a total of 4 times with foliar fertilizer B, each time spray on the tips, branches, leaves and trunks, the spraying amount is based on wetting without dripping, and the spraying time is selected before 10:00 in the morning or after 17:00 in the afternoon, avoiding rainy days.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] Pruning in the same walnut forest as Example 2 above:

[0074] (1) On December 6, 2023, cross branches, overlapping branches, back branches and weak branches on the main branches of the walnut trees were pruned, and strong side branches were selected on both sides of the main branches, with a branch group spacing of 20-30 cm;

[0075] (2) Fertilization management: 10 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied after pruning, 12 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied before the budding period of the walnut trees, and 8 kg of supplemental fertilizer per plant is applied during the fruit setting period of the walnut trees, and the supplemental fertilizer is applied near the tree roots, and then the soil is irrigated with clear water;

[0076] (3) Spray foliar fertilizer A on the walnut tree on the day after pruning, and then spray foliar fertilizer A again after 12 days; spray foliar fertilizer B once during the budding period, and then spray foliar fertilizer B again every 15 days, for a total of 4 sprays of foliar fertilizer B. Each time the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, it is sprayed on the shoots, branches, leaves and trunk. The amount of spraying should be enough to moisten the soil without dripping. The spraying time should be before 10:00 am or after 5:00 pm, avoiding rainy days.

[0077] Comparative Example 2:

[0078] The treatment was carried out in the same walnut orchard as in Example 2 above:

[0079] (1) Do not prune the walnut trees. Apply 10 kg / tree of supplementary fertilizer on December 6, 2023. Apply 12 kg / tree of supplementary fertilizer before the walnut trees sprout. Apply 8 kg / tree of supplementary fertilizer during the fruit setting period. All supplementary fertilizers should be applied near the roots of the trees. After covering with soil, water thoroughly.

[0080] (2) On December 18, 2023, foliar fertilizer A was sprayed on the walnut trees once, and then foliar fertilizer A was sprayed a second time after 12 days. Foliar fertilizer B was sprayed once during the budding period, and then foliar fertilizer B was sprayed again every 15 days. Foliar fertilizer B was sprayed a total of 4 times. Each time foliar fertilizer was sprayed, it was sprayed on the shoots, branches, leaves and trunk. The amount of spraying was such that it was moist but not dripping. The spraying time was chosen before 10:00 am or after 5:00 pm, avoiding rainy days.

[0081] Detection:

[0082] Referring to the above embodiments and comparative examples, different treatment methods and foliar fertilizers were selected for treating Yangbi walnut trees according to Table 2 below:

[0083] Table 2

[0084]

[0085] Referring to Table 2 above, each experimental group treated three Yangbi walnut trees with similar growth conditions, and the unripe fruit was harvested starting in September 2024 (as shown in the diagram at the time of harvest). Figure 3 (As shown), walnuts collected throughout September were weighed and their quality assessed.

[0086] 1. Yield: Calculate the average yield of green walnuts per group of walnut trees (yield of green walnuts per tree).

[0087] 2. Reference Figure 4 The standard for the size of Yangbi walnuts is used to grade the harvested walnuts from each group of walnut trees, and to calculate the proportion of large, medium and small fruits in the total harvest (large fruit: diameter ≥ 3.5cm, medium fruit: 3.0cm ≤ diameter < 3.5cm, small fruit: diameter < 3.0cm).

[0088] 3. The percentage of peeled walnuts in each group of large, medium and small fruits in the total weight of green fruits (10 walnuts of each fruit size in each group were randomly selected to calculate the average value) (peeled walnuts are shown in Figure 5 );

[0089] The specific results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 as follows:

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092] From the above table, it can be seen that the addition of HM-1 and β- arbutin in the leaf fertilizer of the experimental group 1 can effectively improve the yield of walnuts, optimize the fruit size of walnuts, and increase the proportion of large fruits. In addition, the proportion of large fruits in the experimental group 6 and the experimental group 7 without the addition of β- arbutin is significantly reduced.

[0093] Table 4

[0094]

[0095] From the above table, it can be seen that the method of the experimental group 1 can effectively improve the percentage of peeled walnuts in the total weight of green fruits, i.e. improve the economic value of walnut harvest.

[0096] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield walnut planting and management, characterized in that, The planting management method includes the following steps: S1. Primary pruning: In autumn and winter, walnut trees are pruned to shape them. Based on the tree structure, the main branches in four directions are retained, and the rest of the main branches are removed. S2, Secondary pruning: Select 2-3 staggered strong branches on the back side of each main branch as secondary main branches; S3. Third-level pruning: Thin out the secondary main branches, remove overly dense dead branches and diseased branches, and prune back the top of the secondary main branches by 80-100cm. S4. Treatment of pruning wounds: Apply a coating made of quicklime, animal fat, aspirin, humic acid and water to the wounds caused by primary pruning. S5. Preparation of foliar fertilizer: After drying and crushing walnut pruning branches, mix them with cooked rice slurry, inoculate with Bacillus subtilis for fermentation, and obtain a fermentation extract by alcohol extraction, concentration and drying of the fermentation product; Prepare foliar fertilizer A: urea 2-5g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-4g / L, fermentation extract 60-100mg / L, β-arbutin 6-10mg / L + water; Prepare foliar fertilizer B: borax 0.5-1.5g / L, zinc sulfate 1-3g / L, fermentation extract 60-100mg / L, β-arbutin 6-10mg / L + water; The preparation method of the fermented extract includes the following steps: S5-1. Dry the walnut branches until the moisture content is ≤12%, then crush them and pass them through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain branch powder for later use. S5-2. After steaming the rice, mix it with an equal volume of water and grind it into a paste to obtain cooked rice paste for later use. S5-3. Mix the branch powder and cooked rice paste at a volume ratio of 1:1, inoculate with Bacillus subtilis and ferment at 30-35℃ for 3-5 days to obtain fermented material for later use. S5-4. Add 75% alcohol solution to the fermentation material, extract for 1-2 hours, press and filter, and vacuum concentrate and dry the filtrate to obtain the fermentation extract. S6. Fertilizer Management: Apply root fertilizer once after primary pruning, once before bud break, and once during fruit setting. Spray foliar fertilizer A after primary pruning, and then spray foliar fertilizer A again after 7-15 days. Spray foliar fertilizer B from the bud break stage, and then spray once every 15-20 days for a total of 3-5 times.

2. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The walnut trees in step S1 are walnut trees that are 8 to 30 years old.

3. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary and tertiary pruning shall be carried out within 24 hours after the primary pruning is completed.

4. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fractions of each component in the coating agent in step S4 are as follows: quicklime 8-10 parts, animal fat 1-2 parts, aspirin 0.02-0.04 parts, humic acid 0.05-0.06 parts, and water 30-40 parts.

5. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5-3, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of cooked rice paste.

6. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for root fertilization in step S6 is organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 NPK compound fertilizer mixed at a mass ratio of 10-15:1-1.5, and the amount of fertilizer used per application is 8-12 kg / plant.

7. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, foliar fertilizer A and foliar fertilizer B should be sprayed before 10:00 AM or after 5:00 PM, avoiding rainy days. The fertilizer should be sprayed on the shoots, branches, leaves, and trunk, and the amount sprayed should be such that the soil is moist but not dripping.

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