Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and provides a stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, and the culture medium comprises the following raw materials by weight: 65-75 parts of a basic coarse material, 27-31 parts of a fine material and 0.5-2 parts of an auxiliary material. Pennisetum sinese serves as a core raw material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium for the first time, the unique fiber structure and rich nutritional ingredients of the pennisetum sinese can achieve a synergistic effect with crop straw and wood chips, sufficient carbon sources and nitrogen sources are provided for stropharia rugoso-annulata, the air permeability and water-retaining property of the culture medium can be improved, and rapid growth and nutrient absorption of hyphae are assisted. Meanwhile, by scientifically proportioning the raw materials and optimizing the fermentation process, the culture medium is more balanced in nutrition and appropriate in raw material decomposition degree, the growth speed, yield and biotransformation rate of stropharia rugoso-annulata hyphae can be remarkably increased, and the final product stropharia rugoso-annulata is full in sporocarp, thick in mushroom flesh, better in taste and good in quality. The requirements of the market on high-quality edible mushrooms are completely met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a Stropharia rugosannulata culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Stropharia rugosannulata is a rare edible mushroom with high nutritional value and delicious taste, rich in protein, amino acids, minerals and other nutrients, and the market demand is increasing. As the core carrier for the growth of Stropharia rugosannulata, the raw material composition and preparation process of the culture medium directly affect the growth rate, yield and quality of Stropharia rugosannulata.

[0003] At present, the traditional culture medium of Stropharia rugosannulata mainly uses crop straw, sawdust and the like as the main raw material, but has the following problems: first, the raw material nutrition is single, and the cellulose and lignin content ratio is unreasonable, resulting in low mycelium decomposition and utilization efficiency of Stropharia rugosannulata, and difficult to improve the yield; second, the fermentation process is not standardized, and the fermentation is not sufficient or excessive, resulting in loss of nutrients or generation of harmful substances; third, there is a lack of targeted raw material combination, and high-quality raw materials with high cost performance are not fully utilized, resulting in high cost of culture medium or waste of resources.

[0004] Gigantochloa khasiana is a high-yield and high-quality perennial herb with the characteristics of fast growth, high biomass and suitable fiber content, and is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, which is an ideal biomass raw material. However, there is no related report on the application of Gigantochloa khasiana as the core raw material in the culture medium of Stropharia rugosannulata, and the optimized ratio and preparation process for Gigantochloa khasiana have not been formed, resulting in the blank of the application of Gigantochloa khasiana in the field of edible mushroom cultivation, and limiting the performance improvement of the culture medium of Stropharia rugosannulata. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and application value to develop a culture medium taking Gigantochloa khasiana as the core, with scientific ratio, simple preparation and significantly improved yield of Stropharia rugosannulata. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a Stropharia rugosannulata culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, which solves the problems of unbalanced raw material ratio, low utilization rate, complicated fermentation and the contradiction between air permeability and water retention of the existing Stropharia rugosannulata culture medium by adding Gigantochloa khasiana in the raw material and optimizing the raw material ratio, and finally obtains a culture medium with balanced nutrition and stable physicochemical properties, which can further realize the large-scale production of Stropharia rugosannulata.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides a culture medium for edible mushrooms, which comprises the following raw materials in weight parts: 65-75 parts of base coarse material, 27-31 parts of fine material and 0.5-2 parts of auxiliary material.

[0007] As preferred, the base coarse material comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: straw 35~40 parts, sawdust 15~20 parts and giant reed 12~17 parts, and the particle size of the base coarse material is 1.5~2cm.

[0008] As preferred, the fine material comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: chaff 10~13 parts, wheat bran 8~11 parts, corn cob 6~8 parts and sugarcane residue 3~5 parts, and the particle size of the fine material is 40~50 mesh.

[0009] As preferred, the auxiliary material comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: quicklime 0.3~0.8 parts, talc powder 0.1~0.5 parts and ferment 0.1~0.7 parts, wherein the ferment contains filamentous bacteria 2~4×10 8 CFU / g, yeast 3~5×10 8 CFU / g and actinomycetes 4~6×10 8 CFU / g.

[0010] The application also provides a preparation method of the culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the base coarse material, the fine material and the auxiliary material to obtain a pile; (2) punching a hole at the top of the pile, and punching a hole every 25~35cm to the two sides with the top hole as the center; (3) when the temperature of the pile core reaches 55~65℃, standing for 24~48h, and then carrying out the first turning of the pile to obtain a mixture 1; (4) when the temperature of the mixture 1 reaches 55~65℃, standing for 22~26h, and then carrying out the second turning of the pile to obtain a mixture 2; (5) repeating the operation of step (4) for 1~2 times to obtain a final mixture; (6) adjusting the water content of the final mixture to 65~75% and the pH to 5~7, and the final mixture is the final culture medium.

[0011] As preferred, the width of the pile in step (1) is 1.5~2.0m, and the height of the pile is 1.4~1.6m; the diameter of the hole in step (2) is 6~10cm, and the depth of the hole is 120~140cm; the operation method of the turning of the pile in step (3) is that the materials in the center, the outer layer and the bottom layer of the pile are exchanged in position.

[0012] The application also provides the application of the culture medium or the culture medium prepared by the preparation method in the cultivation of edible fungi.

[0013] As preferred, the edible fungi is a large ball cap mushroom.

[0014] The application also provides a cultivation method of a large ball cap mushroom, comprising the following steps: A place the culture medium in a non-woven bag, inoculate the Pleurotus eryngii spore at 1 / 2~2 / 3 height of the culture medium in the bag, inoculate 50~90g spore per bag, and cover the culture medium above the spore to obtain a bagged mixed fungus material 1; B, place the bagged mixed fungus material 1 in a ventilation environment for culture, control the environmental temperature at 15~20℃, the environmental humidity at 80~90%, and culture for 32~35d to obtain a bagged mixed fungus material 2; C, carry out soil cultivation on the bagged mixed fungus material 2, and culture for 61~65d to form fruiting bodies.

[0015] Preferably, the environmental temperature of the soil cultivation in step C is 15~20℃.

[0016] The present application has the following advantages: The core synergistic value of Miscanthus giganteus: the present application first uses Miscanthus giganteus as a core raw material, the unique fiber structure of which is complementary to straw and sawdust, providing sufficient carbon source and nitrogen source, improving the air permeability and water retention of the culture medium, and promoting mycelium colonization and nutrient absorption. Experimental results show that after removing Miscanthus giganteus (comparative example 1), the yield of fruiting bodies and the weight of single mushroom are significantly reduced, which confirms that Miscanthus giganteus is the key to avoiding the decline of production capacity and the deterioration of product form. At the same time, the culture medium of the present application mainly uses low-cost biomass such as Miscanthus giganteus and straw, which is widely available and controllable in cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0017] Dual optimization of ratio and fermentation process: through scientific ratio of raw materials and matching of composite fermentation agent, the precise control of raw material decomposition degree is realized; the design of pile perforation and ventilation further improves the fermentation efficiency, shortens the fermentation time to 11~13d, reduces 3~5d compared with the traditional process, and significantly reduces energy consumption and labor cost.

[0018] Product quality meets market demand: the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii cultivated in the examples are full and thick, the protein content is increased by 9%~12% compared with traditional cultivation (comparative example 1), the crude fiber content is reduced by 5%~7%, the taste is soft and glutinous, and the content of active ingredients such as lentinan is higher, which fully meets the quality requirements of the market for high-quality edible fungi. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application provides a culture medium for edible fungi, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65~75 parts of base coarse material, 27~31 parts of fine material, and 0.5~2 parts of auxiliary material.

[0020] In the present application, the present application provides a culture medium for edible fungi, which preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of base coarse material, 29 parts of fine material, and 1 part of auxiliary material.

[0021] In the present application, the base coarse material preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: straw 35~40 parts, sawdust 15~20 parts and giant grass 12~17 parts, and the particle size of the base coarse material is 1.5~2 cm; further preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: straw 37 parts, sawdust 17 parts and giant grass 15 parts, and the particle size of the base coarse material is 1.7 cm.

[0022] In the present application, the fine material preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: chaff 10~13 parts, wheat bran 8~11 parts, corn cob 6~8 parts and sugarcane residue 3~5 parts, and the particle size of the fine material is 40~50 mesh; further preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: chaff 12 parts, wheat bran 9 parts, corn cob 7 parts and sugarcane residue 4 parts, and the particle size of the fine material is 45 mesh.

[0023] In the present application, the auxiliary material preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: quicklime 0.3~0.8 parts, talc powder 0.1~0.5 parts and fermentation agent 0.1~0.7 parts, further preferably comprises the following weight parts of each raw material: quicklime 0.5 parts, talc powder 0.3 parts and fermentation agent 0.4 parts; the fermentation agent preferably contains filamentous bacteria 2~4×10 8 CFU / g, yeast 3~5×10 8 CFU / g and actinomycetes 4~6×10 8 CFU / g, further preferably contains filamentous bacteria 3×10 8 CFU / g, yeast 4×10 8 CFU / g and actinomycetes 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0024] The present application also provides a preparation method of the culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the base coarse material, the fine material and the auxiliary material to obtain a pile; (2) punching holes on the top of the pile, and punching holes every 25~35 cm to the two sides with the top hole as the center; (3) when the core temperature of the pile reaches 55~65℃, standing for 24~48 h, and then carrying out the first turning to obtain a mixture 1; (4) when the temperature of the mixture 1 reaches 55~65℃, standing for 22~26 h, and then carrying out the second turning to obtain a mixture 2; (5) repeating the operation of step (4) for 1~2 times to obtain a final mixture; (6) adjusting the water content of the final mixture to 65~75%, and the pH to 5~7, to obtain the final culture medium.

[0025] In the present application, the present application also provides a preparation method of the culture medium, preferably comprising the following steps: (1) mixing base coarse material, fine material and auxiliary material to obtain a pile; (2) punching holes on the top of the pile, and punching holes every 30 cm to the two sides with the top hole as the center; (3) when the temperature of the pile core reaches 60 DEG C, after standing for 36 h, the first turning is carried out to obtain a mixture 1; (4) when the temperature of the mixture 1 reaches 60 DEG C, after standing for 24 h, the second turning is carried out to obtain a mixture 2; (5) repeating the operation of step (4) once to obtain a final mixture; (6) adjusting the water content of the final mixture to 70%, and the pH to 6, to obtain the final culture medium.

[0026] In the present application, the width of the pile in step (1) is preferably 1.5-2.0 m, and further preferably 1.7 m, and the height of the pile is preferably 1.4-1.6 m, and further preferably 1.5 m; the diameter of the hole in step (2) is preferably 6-10 cm, and further preferably 8 cm, and the depth is preferably 120-140 cm, and further preferably 130 cm; the operation method of the turning in step (3) is preferably that the materials in the center, outer layer and bottom layer of the pile are exchanged in position.

[0027] The present application also provides the application of the culture medium or the culture medium obtained by the preparation method in edible mushroom cultivation.

[0028] In the present application, the edible mushroom is preferably a large fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0029] The present application also provides a cultivation method of large fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata, comprising the following steps: A placing the culture medium in a non-woven fabric bag, inoculating large fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata at 1 / 2-2 / 3 height of the culture medium in the bag, inoculating 50-90 g of the strain per bag, and covering the culture medium above the strain to obtain a bagged mixed fungus material 1; B placing the bagged mixed fungus material 1 in a ventilated environment for cultivation, controlling the environmental temperature at 15-20 DEG C, and the environmental humidity at 80-90%, and cultivating for 32-35 d to obtain a bagged mixed fungus material 2; C carrying out soil covering cultivation on the bagged mixed fungus material 2, and cultivating for 61-65 d to obtain fruiting bodies.

[0030] In the present application, the present application also provides a cultivation method of large fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata, preferably comprising the following steps: A placing the culture medium in a non-woven fabric bag, inoculating large fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata at 2 / 3 height of the culture medium in the bag, inoculating 80 g of the strain per bag, and covering the culture medium above the strain to obtain a bagged mixed fungus material 1; B, the bagged mixed bacteria feed 1 is placed in a ventilated environment for culture, the environmental temperature is controlled at 17℃, the environmental humidity is 85%, and culture is performed for 34 days to obtain bagged mixed bacteria feed 2; C, the bagged mixed bacteria feed 2 is subjected to soil covering cultivation, and culture is performed for 63 days to obtain fruiting bodies.

[0031] In the present application, the environmental temperature of the soil covering cultivation in step C is preferably 15-20℃, and more preferably 17℃.

[0032] The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] 1, the present embodiment discloses a culture medium for edible fungi, which comprises base coarse material (particle size 1.7 cm), fine material (particle size 45 mesh) and auxiliary material, and the weight ratio of each raw material is as follows: base coarse material 70 parts, fine material 29 parts and auxiliary material 1 part; The base coarse material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: straw 37 parts, sawdust 17 parts and giant bacteria grass 15 parts; The fine material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: chaff 12 parts, wheat bran 9 parts, corn cob 7 parts and sugarcane residue 4 parts; The auxiliary material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: quicklime 0.5 parts, talc 0.3 parts and fermentation agent 0.4 parts; The fermentation agent is a powder containing 3×10 8 CFU / g of filamentous bacteria, 4×10 8 CFU / g of yeast bacteria and 5×10 8 CFU / g of actinomycetes.

[0035] 2, the preparation method of the culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the base coarse material, fine material and auxiliary material to obtain a pile with a width of 1.7 m and a height of 1.5 m; (2) punching holes on the top of the pile, and punching holes every 30 cm to the left and right of the center hole on the top, with a hole diameter of 8 cm and a depth of 130 cm, ensuring that the holes penetrate through the middle layer to the lower layer without touching the bottom to avoid water accumulation; (3) when the core temperature of the pile reaches 60℃, maintaining for 36h, then performing the first turning (position exchange of the material in the center, outer layer and bottom layer of the pile, and re-piling) to obtain mixture 1; (4) after the temperature of mixture 1 reaches 60℃ and maintains for 24h, the second turning is performed to obtain mixture 2; (5) repeating step (4) once to obtain the final mixture; (6) Adjust the moisture content of the final mixture to 70%, and the pH to 6, to obtain the final culture medium.

[0036] 3. Cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with the culture medium, comprising the following steps: A. Placing the culture medium in a non-woven bag with a size of 17 cm x 35 cm, inoculating the culture medium with Stropharia rugosoannulata spores at a height of 2 / 3 of the bag, inoculating 80 g of spores per bag, and covering the spores with the culture medium to obtain bagged mixed fungus 1; B. Placing the bagged mixed fungus 1 in a ventilated environment for cultivation, controlling the environmental temperature at 17℃ and the environmental humidity at 85%, and cultivating for 34 days to obtain bagged mixed fungus 2; C. Covering the bagged mixed fungus 2 with soil for cultivation at 17℃, and cultivating for 63 days to obtain fruiting bodies.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] 1. The embodiment discloses a culture medium for edible fungi, comprising base coarse material (with a particle size of 1.5 cm), fine material (with a particle size of 40 mesh), and auxiliary material, and the weight ratio of each raw material is as follows: 65 parts of base coarse material, 27 parts of fine material, and 0.5 parts of auxiliary material. The base coarse material is composed of the following raw materials in the following weight proportions: 35 parts of straw, 15 parts of sawdust, and 12 parts of giant reed. The fine material is composed of the following raw materials in the following weight proportions: 10 parts of chaff, 8 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of corn cob, and 3 parts of sugarcane residue. The auxiliary material is composed of the following raw materials in the following weight proportions: 0.3 parts of quicklime, 0.1 parts of talc, and 0.1 parts of fermentation agent. The fermentation agent is a powder containing 2×10 8 CFU / g of filamentous bacteria, 3×10 8 CFU / g of yeast, and 4×10 8 CFU / g of actinomycetes.

[0039] 2. The preparation method of the culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing the base coarse material, fine material, and auxiliary material to obtain a material pile with a width of 1.5 m and a height of 1.4 m; (2) Punching holes at the top of the material pile, and punching holes every 30 cm to the left and right of the center hole at the top, with a hole diameter of 6 cm and a depth of 120 cm, ensuring that the holes penetrate through the middle layer to the lower layer without touching the bottom to avoid water accumulation; (3) When the core temperature of the pile reaches 55℃, maintaining for 24 h, and then performing the first turning (positionally exchanging the materials in the center, outer layer, and bottom layer of the pile, and rebuilding the pile) to obtain mixture 1; (4) When the temperature of mixture 1 reaches 55℃, maintaining for 22 h, and then performing the second turning to obtain mixture 2; (5) repeat step (4) for 1 time to obtain a final mixture; (6) adjust the water content of the final mixture to 65% and the pH to 5 to obtain a final culture medium.

[0040] 3. Cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with the culture medium, comprising the following steps: A. Placing the culture medium in a non-woven bag with a size of 17 cm x 35 cm, inoculating the culture medium with Stropharia rugosoannulata spores at a height of 1 / 2 of the bag, inoculating 70 g of spores per bag, and covering the spores with the culture medium to obtain a bagged mixed fungus 1; B. Placing the bagged mixed fungus 1 in a ventilated environment for cultivation, controlling the environmental temperature at 15°C and the environmental humidity at 80%, and cultivating for 32 days to obtain a bagged mixed fungus 2; C. Covering the bagged mixed fungus 2 with soil for cultivation at 15°C, and cultivating for 61 days to obtain fruiting bodies.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] 1. The culture medium for edible fungi, comprising base coarse material (particle size of 2 cm), fine material (particle size of 50 mesh), and auxiliary material, and the weight ratio of each raw material is as follows: base coarse material 75 parts, fine material 31 parts, and auxiliary material 2 parts. The base coarse material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: straw 40 parts, sawdust 20 parts, and giant grass 17 parts. The fine material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: chaff 13 parts, wheat bran 11 parts, corn cob 8 parts, and sugarcane residue 5 parts. The auxiliary material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: quicklime 0.8 parts, talc powder 0.5 parts, and fermentation agent 0.7 parts. The fermentation agent is a powder containing filamentous bacteria 4 x 10 8 CFU / g, yeast bacteria 5 x 10 8 CFU / g, and actinomycetes 6 x 10 8 CFU / g.

[0043] 2. The preparation method of the culture medium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the base coarse material, fine material, and auxiliary material to obtain a pile with a width of 2 m and a height of 1.6 m; (2) punching holes at the top of the pile, and punching holes every 35 cm to the left and right of the center hole at the top, with a hole diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 140 cm, ensuring that the holes penetrate through the middle layer to the lower layer without touching the bottom to avoid water accumulation; (3) when the core temperature of the pile reaches 65°C, maintaining for 48 h, and then performing the first pile turning (positionally exchanging the materials in the center, outer layer, and bottom layer of the pile to rebuild the pile), to obtain a mixture 1; (4) After the temperature of the mixture 1 reaches 65℃ and remains for 26h, the second turning is performed to obtain mixture 2; (5) The operation of step (4) is repeated twice to obtain the final mixture; (6) The moisture content of the final mixture is adjusted to 75% and the pH is adjusted to 7, which is the final culture medium.

[0044] 3. Cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata using the culture medium described above, comprising the following steps: A. Placing the culture medium in a non-woven bag with a size of 17cm x 35cm, inoculating the Stropharia rugosoannulata spores at 2 / 3 of the height of the culture medium in the bag, inoculating 90g of spores per bag, and covering the spores with culture medium to obtain a bagged mixed culture material 1; B. Placing the bagged mixed culture material 1 in a ventilated environment for cultivation, controlling the environmental temperature at 20℃ and the environmental humidity at 90%, and cultivating for 35d to obtain a bagged mixed culture material 2; C. Covering the bagged mixed culture material 2 with soil for cultivation at 20℃, and cultivating for 65d to obtain fruiting bodies.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] Compared with Example 1, only the Miscanthus giganteus in the culture medium is removed.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] Compared with Example 1, only the weight ratio of each raw material in the culture medium and the base coarse material is different: 90 parts of base coarse material, 40 parts of fine material, and 1 part of auxiliary material. The base coarse material is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 37 parts of straw, 17 parts of sawdust, and 50 parts of Miscanthus giganteus.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] Compared with Example 1, only the preparation method of the culture medium is different (without fermentation process), comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing the base coarse material, fine material, and auxiliary material to obtain a pile; (2) Adjusting the moisture content of the pile to 70% and the pH to 6, which is the final culture medium.

[0051] Test Example

[0052] Selecting commercially available Stropharia rugosoannulata spores and using the culture media prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 described above for cultivation experiments, detecting the growth trend of Stropharia rugosoannulata and product performance, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0053] Table 1 Effect of different culture media on the growth and yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata

[0054] Table 2 Nutritional components and active substance contents of different culture substrates for cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata

[0055] Conclusion

[0056] 1. Examples 1-3 used 12-17 parts of giant reed as the core raw material, and matched with straw and sawdust to form a synergistic nutrient system. The mycelial growth rate was 0.60-0.65 cm / d, which was 25%-35% higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (without giant reed). The average weight of fruiting bodies was 27.8-29.3 g per piece, the yield was 118-125 g per bag, and the biological conversion rate was 78%-85%, which were all significantly improved compared with Comparative Example 1. In contrast, Comparative Example 2 (excessive giant reed) showed significantly lower growth and yield than the examples, which confirmed that giant reed needs to be added in a scientific ratio of 12-17 parts, rather than more is better.

[0057] 2. Example 2 used a process of pile ventilation + segmented temperature control fermentation + pile turning, and strictly controlled the fermentation time. Compared with Comparative Example 3 (without fermentation process), the mycelial growth rate was increased by 17.6%-27.5%, and the yield was increased by 15.7%-22.5%. It can be seen that, due to the lack of fermentation process, the raw material in Comparative Example 3 was not fully decomposed, and the air permeability and nutrient release efficiency were low, resulting in slow mycelial growth and small fruiting bodies.

[0058] 3. Example 3 used giant reed as the core raw material, matched with straw and sawdust, and optimized the dosage of the raw materials, combined with a specific fermentation process, to comprehensively improve the nutritional quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata: the protein content reached 21.8-22.4 g / 100 g, which was 9%-12% higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (traditional formula without giant reed); the crude fiber content was optimized to 7.44-7.60 g / 100 g, which was 5%-7% lower than that of Comparative Example 1, effectively improving the soft and glutinous degree of taste; the lentinan content reached 0.36-0.40 mg / 100 g, which was significantly higher than that of each comparative example. Finally, a high-quality product with rich protein, moderate crude fiber, and balanced active ingredients was formed, which fully met the core needs of the market for high-quality edible fungi.

[0059] From the above embodiment, the present application provides a large Stropharia rugosannulata culture medium and its preparation method and application, the culture medium contains the following weight parts of raw materials: base coarse material 65~75 parts, fine material 27~31 parts and auxiliary material 0.5~2 parts. The present application first uses giant bacteria grass as the core raw material of large Stropharia rugosannulata culture medium, its unique fiber structure and rich nutrient components can synergize with crop straw and sawdust, which can provide sufficient carbon source and nitrogen source for large Stropharia rugosannulata, and can also improve the permeability and water retention of the culture medium, helping the rapid growth and nutrient absorption of mycelium. At the same time, by scientifically proportioning the raw materials and optimizing the fermentation process, the present application can make the culture medium more balanced in nutrition and the raw material more suitable in decomposition degree, which can significantly improve the mycelium growth speed, yield and biological conversion rate of large Stropharia rugosannulata, so that the final product of large Stropharia rugosannulata fruiting body is full, the fungus is thick and the taste is better, which fully meets the market demand for high-quality edible fungi.

[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A culture medium for edible fungi, characterized in that, It contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts basic coarse material, 27-31 parts fine material, and 0.5-2 parts auxiliary material.

2. The culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic roughage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts straw, 15-20 parts sawdust, and 12-17 parts giant reed grass, and the particle size of the basic roughage is 1.5-2 cm.

3. The culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fine material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-13 parts rice husk, 8-11 parts wheat bran, 6-8 parts corn cob, and 3-5 parts sugarcane bagasse, and the particle size of the fine material is 40-50 mesh.

4. The culture substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: quicklime 0.3-0.8 parts, talc powder 0.1-0.5 parts, and fermentation agent 0.1-0.7 parts, wherein the fermentation agent contains 2-4 × 10⁻⁶ filamentous bacteria. 8 CFU / g, yeast 3~5×10 8 CFU / g and Actinobacteria 4~6×10 8 CFU / g.

5. The method for preparing the culture substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the basic coarse materials, fine materials and auxiliary materials to obtain a stockpile; (2) Drill holes at the top of the material pile, and at the same time, drill holes at intervals of 25-35cm on both sides with the top hole as the center; (3) When the core temperature reaches 55~65℃, after standing for 24~48h, the first turning is carried out to obtain mixture 1; (4) When the temperature of mixture 1 reaches 55~65℃, after standing for 22~26h, it is turned over a second time to obtain mixture 2; (5) Repeat step (4) 1-2 times to obtain the final mixture; (6) Adjust the water content of the final mixture to 65-75% and the pH to 5-7 to obtain the final culture medium.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the pile in step (1) is 1.5~2.0m and the height of the pile is 1.4~1.6m; the diameter of the hole in step (2) is 6~10cm and the depth of the hole is 120~140cm; the operation method of turning the pile in step (3) is to swap the positions of the materials in the center, outer layer and bottom layer of the pile.

7. The application of the culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the culture medium obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 6 in the cultivation of edible fungi.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The edible fungus is *Stropharia macrocarpa*.

9. A method for cultivating *Stropharia macrocarpa*, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. The culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is placed in a non-woven bag, and 50 to 90g of large-cap mushroom spawn is inoculated at 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the height of the culture medium in the bag. The culture medium is then covered on top of the spawn to obtain bagged mixed substrate 1. B. Place the bagged mixed substrate 1 in a ventilated environment for cultivation, control the ambient temperature at 15~20℃ and the ambient humidity at 80~90%, and cultivate for 32~35 days to obtain bagged mixed substrate 2. C. Cover the bagged mixed substrate 2 with soil for cultivation, and cultivate for 61-65 days to produce fruiting bodies.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ambient temperature for soil covering cultivation in step C is 15~20℃.

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