Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device and water-soluble fertilizer preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, in particular to an agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device and a water-soluble fertilizer preparation method.The device comprises a rotary barrel, a driving unit, a supporting unit and coal gangue grinding balls arranged in the barrel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes with auxiliary materials such as coal gangue, a catalyst and the like, feeding the mixture into a device, and quickly decomposing macromolecular organic matters in the wastes into micromolecular nutrients by utilizing the mechanical force of coal gangue grinding balls and the chemical oxidation synergistic effect of Fenton-like reaction in the rotation process; meanwhile, harmful substances such as antibiotics and hormones are thoroughly degraded, worm eggs and germs are killed, and peculiar smell is eliminated. And flocculating and filtering the reacted material to obtain the full-nutrient small organic molecule water-soluble fertilizer. Efficient, harmless and resourceful treatment of waste is achieved, the obtained fertilizer is stable and easy to absorb, crop growth can be remarkably promoted, and the yield is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, in particular to a device for processing agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes and a method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of agricultural modernization, there is an increasing demand for efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable fertilizers. Traditional chemical fertilizers have low utilization rate, cause soil compaction and non-point source pollution, etc. Traditional organic fertilizers (such as compost) have long production cycle, serious carbon loss during composting, and difficulty in completely removing harmful substances such as antibiotics, hormones, and insect eggs and bacteria, which may cause secondary pollution and seedling burning risk.

[0003] Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes, such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, fruit and vegetable waste, and fishery processing waste, are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and are valuable resources for producing organic fertilizer. However, traditional treatment methods such as open-air stacking and simple fermentation not only cause resource waste, but also cause serious environmental pollution.

[0004] In the prior art, high-temperature and high-pressure hydrolysis process has been used to treat organic waste. However, this method requires high equipment, high energy consumption and high cost. Fenton and Fenton-like technology, as a kind of advanced oxidation process, shows advantages in treating refractory organic wastewater. However, its application in treating high-solid-content organic waste and directly converting it into high-value water-soluble fertilizer is still blank. In particular, how to combine the reaction device with the process to realize continuous, efficient and harmless treatment and resource utilization of waste is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a technology and equipment that can efficiently, environmentally and low-cost treat agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes and convert them into high-value products. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a device for processing agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes and a method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer, which has high integration degree, fast processing efficiency and high product added value.

[0007] A device for processing agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes, comprising: a waste Fenton-like reaction mechanism, a sedimentation tank and a filtration mechanism, the waste Fenton-like reaction mechanism is used to provide a Fenton-like reaction site for waste, the sedimentation tank is used to allow the reacted waste to stand and deposit, and the filtration mechanism is used to filter and separate the supernatant of the waste after standing and depositing; the waste Fenton-like reaction mechanism comprises: a rotary cylinder; a driving unit for driving the rotary cylinder to rotate; A support limiting unit is arranged to support and limit the position of the rotary cylinder; A feeding port is arranged at one end of the rotary cylinder; A discharging port is arranged at the other end of the rotary cylinder; An internal component for lifting and throwing the material is arranged on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder; The device further comprises coal gangue grinding balls arranged in the interior of the rotary cylinder; The sedimentation tank is arranged below the discharging port of the rotary cylinder; The filtering mechanism comprises: A filter frame for filtering the supernatant after sedimentation; The filter screen arranged in the interior of the filter frame is detachably fixed by buckles.

[0008] Preferably, the internal component is a scraper, and control valves are arranged in the interiors of the feeding port and the discharging port.

[0009] A method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using an agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device, comprising the following steps: S1, pretreating the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste; S2, mixing the pretreated main raw material and auxiliary material, and then feeding them into the interior of the rotary cylinder through the feeding port; S3, starting the device, driving the rotary cylinder to rotate, and performing mechanical grinding and Fenton-like oxidation synergistic reaction for 0.5-4 hours in the presence of coal gangue grinding balls, so as to decompose macromolecular organic matter into small molecule nutrients, and to degrade harmful substances and remove odors; S4, discharging the reacted material from the discharging port, and then placing it in the interior of the sedimentation tank, and then separating the supernatant after standing from the filter screen to collect the liquid part, thereby obtaining the full-nutrient organic small molecule water-soluble fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the mixture is: main raw material 90-97%, carbon source raw material 2-5%, coal gangue 0.5-2%, and catalyst 0.005-0.05%, the main raw material is chicken manure, and the carbon source raw material is fruit and vegetable planting waste.

[0011] Preferably, the main raw material is chicken manure, and the carbon source raw material is fruit and vegetable planting waste.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the Fenton-like reaction is performed under the condition of pH 6.0-7.5.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the Fenton-like reaction achieves the following indexes: antibiotic degradation rate ≥ 99%, hormone degradation rate 100%, and insect egg and pathogen killing rate 100%.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the solid-liquid separation is specifically that the discharged material is first placed in a sedimentation tank for flocculation for 2-5 days, and then filtered, and the filtering uses a filter screen of 80-200 meshes.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, after the liquid part is collected, the pH thereof is adjusted to weak acidity to neutrality to enhance the storage stability.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the solid obtained after the solid-liquid separation is used for preparing a solid organic fertilizer.

[0017] Technical effects and advantages of the present application: High efficiency and rapidity: the traditional composting maturation process of dozens of days is shortened to several hours by using the synergistic effect of mechanical force chemistry and advanced oxidation, which greatly improves the production efficiency.

[0018] Complete harmless: the odor source and organic pollutants are completely decomposed by deep oxidation of strong oxidizing free radicals, and harmful organisms are killed, solving the safety hazards of traditional organic fertilizers.

[0019] High product quality: the small molecule nutrients generated are easily absorbed by crops, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high; the product has good stability and is not easy to produce secondary precipitation and odor under light-proof and normal temperature storage conditions.

[0020] Environmental protection and energy saving: waste is used as raw material, turning waste into treasure; the reaction conditions are mild, without high temperature and high pressure, reducing energy consumption and production cost; the amount of iron mud produced is small, reducing secondary pollution.

[0021] Improving soil: the small molecule organic matter and trace colloidal particles in the product help to improve the soil aggregate structure and improve soil fertility.

[0022] Yield increase and quality improvement: application experiments show that the use of the water-soluble fertilizer can make various crops increase by more than 20%, and the maturation period is advanced, the crop root system is developed, and the resistance is enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a flowchart of a water-soluble fertilizer preparation method of an agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present application; In the drawings: 1, rotary cylinder; 2, feed inlet; 3, discharge outlet; 5, filter frame; 6, filter screen; 7, sedimentation tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the application are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Embodiments are chosen and described in order to provide the best illustration of the principles of the application and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the application for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Embodiment 1

[0025] The application provides a treatment device for processing agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste, which comprises: A waste Fenton reaction mechanism for providing a Fenton reaction site for waste, and a filtering mechanism for performing solid-liquid separation on waste after Fenton reaction.

[0026] The Fenton reaction mechanism comprises A rotating cylinder 1: a cylindrical structure arranged horizontally or obliquely as a core reaction cavity; A driving unit: for driving the rotating cylinder 1 to rotate around its axis, which is selected by those skilled in the art according to the prior art and requirements; A support and limiting unit: for supporting and limiting the position of the rotating cylinder 1, so that the rotating cylinder 1 rotates inside, which is selected by those skilled in the art according to the prior art and requirements; A feeding port: arranged at one end of the cylinder, for pumping materials into the cylinder; A discharge port: arranged at the other end of the cylinder, for discharging the product after reaction; Control valves are arranged inside the feeding port and the discharge port to prevent waste from splashing out during the rotation of the rotating cylinder 1; Internal components: a plurality of scoops are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 1, when the cylinder rotates, the scoops lift the materials to a certain height and then drop them, achieving sufficient stirring, mixing and grinding of the materials; Grinding medium: coal gangue grinding balls are added in the cylinder as grinding medium and catalyst carrier for Fenton reaction.

[0027] The filtering mechanism comprises A filter frame 5 is arranged at the lower end of the discharge port 3 of the rotating cylinder 1, and rollers can be equipped at the lower end of the filter frame 5 according to requirements, so as to facilitate movement to the required place; A filter screen 6 is detachably fixed to the filter frame 5 by buckles, and performs solid-liquid separation on the treated waste.

[0028] The application provides a method for preparing full-nutrient organic small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer by using the above device, comprising the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: collect agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste, remove feathers, stones and other large impurities; preferably, the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste is chicken manure.

[0029] Batching and feeding: the pretreated main raw material and auxiliary materials are mixed in proportion, and then sent into the waste Fenton-like reaction mechanism through the feeding port by a pump; the mass ratio of the mixture is: main raw material 90-97%, carbon source raw material 2-5%, coal gangue 0.5-2%, and catalyst 0.005-0.05%.

[0030] Fenton-like digestion reaction: start the device to make the cylinder rotate under the action of the driving unit; under the synergistic action of mechanical force and chemical oxidation, the Fenton-like reaction is carried out for 0.5-4 hours; the reaction is carried out under nearly neutral conditions.

[0031] The mechanical force is the collision and shearing of the coal gangue grinding balls, and the chemical oxidation is the generation of hydroxyl radicals by the catalyst and the metal such as zero-valent iron in the material in the high potential oxidation liquid environment.

[0032] Reaction target: the Fenton-like reaction achieves the following targets: The macromolecular organic matters such as cellulose, lignin and protein in the waste are rapidly decomposed into small molecular organic matters such as oligopeptide, oligosaccharide and humic acid; The sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds producing odor are completely oxidized into harmless and stable substances such as sulfate and nitrate; High-efficiency degradation of organic pollutants such as antibiotics and hormones, and killing of insect eggs and bacteria; among them, the antibiotic degradation rate is ≥99%, the hormone degradation rate is 100%, and the insect egg and bacteria killing rate is 100%.

[0033] Flocculation and aging: after the reaction is completed, the material is discharged from the discharge port and enters the filter frame 5 to stand for 2-5 days; the generated iron hydroxide plays a flocculating role to make the small solid particles coagulate and precipitate.

[0034] Filtration and filling: the supernatant after aging is filtered through a 80-200 mesh filter screen to obtain a clear, stable and odorless full-nutrient organic small molecular water-soluble fertilizer finished product, and then the product is quantitatively filled.

[0035] Solid utilization: the solid obtained by filtration can be further composted to produce solid organic fertilizer, realizing full-resource utilization of waste.

[0036] Preparation of full-nutrient organic small molecular water-soluble fertilizer from chicken manure Raw material preparation: collect fresh chicken manure and remove feathers, stones and other impurities.

[0037] Ingredients: 96% chicken manure, 3% crushed fruit and vegetable waste, 1% coal gangue as grinding ball and catalyst carrier, and 0.02% special catalyst, by mass percentage.

[0038] Feeding and reaction: The mixture is pumped into the feeding port 2 of the rotary cylinder 1, the driving unit is started, and the rotary cylinder 1 starts to rotate under the action of the driving unit. The material in the cylinder is continuously lifted and thrown by the scraper, and the coal gangue grinding ball finely grinds the material in the process. Under the action of the catalyst and zero-valent iron in the material, a high-potential oxidation environment is formed in the cylinder, a large amount of hydroxyl radicals are generated, a Fenton-like reaction is started, and the reaction lasts for 4 hours. The temperature is maintained at 40-60℃, and the pH gradually rises from about 6.1 at the time of feeding to about 6.5.

[0039] Discharge and aging: After the reaction is completed, the material is discharged from the discharge port to the sedimentation tank and aged for 20 days.

[0040] Filtration and finished product: After the aging is completed, the supernatant is filtered through a 200-mesh stainless steel filter to obtain a brownish clear liquid with a pH value of 6.7-6.9, which is a full-nutrient organic small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer finished product. The detection shows that the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the finished product is less than 0.01 ppm, and there is no any odor.

[0041] Fertilizer efficiency verification: The water-soluble fertilizer is used for crops such as rice, tomato, cucumber, and pepper, and is applied by drip irrigation. The results show that the crop root system is developed, the growth is vigorous, the yield increase is between 23.8% and 39.5%, and the maturity period is generally advanced by 6-7 days.

[0042] Solid treatment: The solid residue obtained by filtration is sent to a composting site and mixed with straw for aerobic composting. After 15 days, ordinary organic fertilizer is produced.

[0043] Detection shows that the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer prepared in this embodiment is not detected (<0.01 ppm), the antibiotic degradation rate is 99.2%, and no precipitate is produced and no secondary odor is generated after 6 months of storage at room temperature in the dark.

[0044] Application effect verification The water-soluble fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is used for field tests of crops such as rice, cucumber, and pepper.

[0045] Effect of using the product: The soil pH value is increased by 0.4-0.8, the surface tension is decreased by 1%-2%, the salt solubility is increased by 3-20%, the osmotic pressure is increased by 1.3 times, the electrical conductivity is increased by 2%, the water viscosity is reduced, the material infiltration capacity is enhanced, and the oxygen carrying capacity is increased. It can improve the absorption of water molecules and nutrients by crop roots, and can be used for sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, and micro-irrigation, which can advance the harvest period, increase the yield, and save irrigation water.

[0046] Rice: using drip irrigation, compared with using conventional fertilizer with equal nitrogen amount, the rice root system is more developed, the stem is strong, the leaf color is dark green, and the actual yield is increased by 31.5%.

[0047] Cucumber: leaf spraying combined with drip irrigation, the yield is increased by 39.5% compared with the control group using traditional water-soluble fertilizer.

[0048] The mature period of the pepper using the full-nutrient small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer is about 6 days earlier than that of the pepper treated with ordinary water, and the yield of the pepper is increased by 25.12%; the mature period of the green vegetable using the full-nutrient small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer is about 7 days earlier than that of the green vegetable treated with ordinary water, and the yield of the green vegetable is increased by 27.35%; the purple cabbage in the greenhouse using the full-nutrient small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer grows vigorously, and the root system is developed, and the mature period is about 6 days earlier than that in the ordinary greenhouse, and about 90% of the purple cabbage can be harvested at the same time, the mature time is relatively uniform, and the yield of the purple cabbage is increased by about 31.5%.

[0049] The above results show that the device and method can efficiently convert agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes into high-quality and high-efficiency full-nutrient organic small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer, and have remarkable economic and environmental benefits.

[0050] In the scheme, unless otherwise specifically specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "setting", "connecting", "fixing", "screw connection" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrated; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, the above-mentioned terms in the scheme can be understood according to the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the scheme by the ordinary skilled in the art.

[0051] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0052] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by the ordinary skilled in the art and related fields without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application. The structures, devices and operation methods not specifically described and explained in the present application, such as without special specification and limitation, are implemented according to the conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. An agroforestry and fishery waste treatment device, characterized by, The application relates to a waste Fenton reaction mechanism, a sedimentation tank (7) and a filtering mechanism. The waste Fenton reaction mechanism comprises: a rotary cylinder (1); a driving unit for driving the rotary cylinder (1) to rotate; a supporting and limiting unit for supporting and limiting the position of the rotary cylinder (1); a feeding port (2) arranged at one end of the rotary cylinder (1); a discharging port (3) arranged at the other end of the rotary cylinder (1); an inner member arranged on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder (1) and used for lifting and throwing materials; the waste Fenton reaction mechanism further comprises coal gangue grinding balls arranged in the rotary cylinder (1); the sedimentation tank (7) is arranged below the discharging port (3) of the rotary cylinder (1); the filtering mechanism comprises: a filtering frame (5) used for filtering supernatant after sedimentation; and a filter screen (6) arranged in the filtering frame (5) and fixed by buckling. The inner member is a scraper, and control valves are arranged in the feeding port (2) and the discharging port (3).

2. The agroforestry waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The application further discloses a preparation method of the full-nutrient organic small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer.

3. A method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer using an agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The application comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery wastes; S2, mixing main raw materials and auxiliary materials after pretreatment, and feeding the mixture into the rotary cylinder (1) through the feeding port (2); S3, waste Fenton reaction mechanism, the driving unit drives the rotary cylinder (1) to rotate, mechanical grinding and Fenton-like oxidation synergistic reaction are carried out for 0.5-4 hours in the presence of the coal gangue grinding balls, macromolecular organic matters are decomposed into small-molecule nutrients, harmful substances are degraded, and peculiar smell is removed; S4, after reaction, the materials are discharged through the discharging port (3), are placed in the sedimentation tank (7), supernatant after standing is separated from solid matters in the filtering frame (5) under the action of the filter screen (6), and the liquid part is collected, thereby obtaining the full-nutrient organic small-molecule water-soluble fertilizer.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device. In step S2, the mass ratio of the mixture is as follows: 90-97% of main raw materials, 2-5% of carbon source raw materials, 0.5-2% of coal gangue and 0.005-0.05% of catalysts; the main raw materials are chicken manure; and the carbon source raw materials are fruit and vegetable planting wastes.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device. In step S3, the Fenton-like reaction is carried out under the condition that the pH value is 6.0-7.

5.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device. In step S3, the Fenton-like reaction achieves the following indexes: the degradation rate of antibiotics is greater than or equal to 99%, the degradation rate of hormones is 100%, and the killing rate of insect eggs and pathogenic bacteria is 100%.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device. In step S4, before solid-liquid separation, the discharged materials are first placed and flocculated in the sedimentation tank (7) for 2-5 days, and then are filtered; the filtering adopts a filter screen with a mesh size of 80-200.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery waste treatment device. In step S4, after the liquid part is collected, the pH value of the liquid part is adjusted to weak acidity or neutrality.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the agroforestry livestock fishery waste treatment device. In step S4, the solid matters obtained after solid-liquid separation are used for preparing solid organic fertilizer.

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