Intermediate crushing tooth roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intermediate crushing tooth roller crusher with an adjustable crushing gap and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of ore crushing equipment. The crusher comprises a rack, a fixed tooth roller, an adjusting tooth roller and an asymmetric composite adjusting and avoiding system. The fixed tooth roller is fixedly installed on the rack, the adjusting tooth roller is slidably connected with the rack through a sliding rail, a composite adjusting mechanism composed of a spring set and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder is arranged on one side of the adjusting tooth roller, and a limiting jack is arranged on the other side of the adjusting tooth roller to form rigid limiting. A hydraulic valve and a pressure sensor are arranged at an oil cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder and used for achieving rapid pressure relief and avoiding when pressure changes suddenly. Meanwhile, a displacement sensor is arranged to realize gap closed-loop control. The driving assembly is connected with the adjusting tooth roller through a universal joint, and transmission coaxiality in the adjusting process is guaranteed. By means of the structure, high-precision automatic adjustment of the crushing gap and rapid impact avoiding are achieved; the combination of flexibility and rigidity is realized through the asymmetrically arranged composite adjusting mechanism, and the tooth roller is prevented from overshoot.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ore crushing, in particular to a medium crushing toothed roll crusher with adjustable crushing gap and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a commonly used secondary crushing equipment in the ore and building material industry, the toothed roll crusher mainly relies on two counter-rotating toothed rolls to crush the material by extrusion and shearing. The traditional toothed roll crusher usually uses mechanical wedge or screw mechanism to adjust the crushing gap to adapt to different particle size requirements. However, with the increase of ore hardness and particle size uniformity, the existing equipment gradually exposes the following shortcomings in operation: Low adjustment accuracy; the traditional mechanical adjustment mechanism is mainly realized by manual or motor-driven screw, which is affected by structural gap and mechanical wear, and the gap adjustment error is generally more than ±10mm, which is difficult to realize high-precision control, and the crushing particle size consistency is poor; the traditional equipment lacks effective emergency avoidance system, and often relies on single pressure relief action of hydraulic cylinder, with avoidance reaction time exceeding 1s, which easily leads to tooth roll fracture, bearing failure or main shaft bending.

[0003] The existing hydraulic adjustment system adopts open-loop control, which cannot simultaneously monitor and feedback control the pressure and displacement in real time; when the equipment is subjected to instantaneous impact, it cannot accurately judge the impact source and impact amount, and the avoidance action is lagging, which may even cause the system oil pressure to rise suddenly and the valve block to be damaged.

[0004] In the prior art, patent document No. CN119114194B discloses a structure in which the extrusion blocks on the surface of the crushing roll extend along the mounting groove to realize the fine adjustment of the gap between the crushing rolls. This scheme can automatically adjust the discharge particle size, but the adjustment method is limited to local fine adjustment of the roll surface, and the relative displacement control of the whole tooth roll is not realized; at the same time, it lacks elastic energy absorption and hydraulic pressure relief mechanism, and cannot cope with the impact load in the crushing cavity. The control method is single-cylinder open-loop driving, and the adjustment accuracy and avoidance response are insufficient.

[0005] In addition, although patent document No. CN107552149A introduces the automatic control concept, its structure is still a pure mechanical adjustment form, only with position closed-loop control function, lacking pressure sudden change identification and rapid pressure relief mechanism. This scheme is slow in response and has limited avoidance ability when facing high impact load or hard minerals, and is difficult to adapt to complex ore crushing conditions; patent document No. CN110124168A adopts wedge type mechanical adjustment method, with large adjustment error; CN207533247U proposes a hydraulic pressure limiting protection device, but the avoidance speed is insufficient and the system response is slow.

[0006] In summary, the existing toothed roll crusher has obvious deficiencies in gap adjustment accuracy, impact avoidance speed and control system intelligence; therefore, there is an urgent need for a crushing device with reasonable structure, rapid response, high adjustment accuracy and intelligent avoidance function. SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the existing defects and provide a crushing gap adjustable medium crushing toothed roll crusher and control method, which realizes the combination of flexibility and rigidity through an asymmetrically arranged composite adjustment mechanism, one side is used for precise adjustment, and the other side forms rigid protection through a limiting jack to prevent toothed roll overshoot, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a crushing gap adjustable medium crushing toothed roll crusher and control method, comprising a rack, a fixed toothed roll and an adjusting toothed roll and an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system, characterized in that: the fixed toothed roll is fixedly installed on the rack, the adjusting toothed roll is slidably connected with the rack through a slide rail, and the two are asymmetrically arranged, one side of the adjusting toothed roll is provided with a spring group and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the spring group and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder constitute a composite adjustment mechanism, and the composite adjustment mechanism is used to realize the precise adjustment of the crushing gap through the extension and retraction of the jack; a limiting jack is arranged on the other side of the adjusting toothed roll, the limiting jack is used to limit the position of the adjusting toothed roll, and forms a rigid constraint of the gap limit position with the composite adjustment mechanism, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the device; one end of the adjusting toothed roll is connected with a universal joint, the universal joint is used to be connected with a driving assembly, and is used to realize transmission compensation; a hydraulic valve is arranged at the oil inlet of the rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, which is used to realize rapid pressure relief when avoiding impact, a displacement sensor is arranged on one side of the stroke direction of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, which is used to detect the transverse position of the adjusting toothed roll; a pressure sensor is arranged at the oil port of the rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, which is used to detect the oil cavity pressure; the spring group, the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the limiting jack and the hydraulic valve jointly constitute an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system, which realizes the adjustment and emergency avoidance functions, specifically, when a pressure mutation is detected, the hydraulic valve is used to rapidly relieve pressure, so as to realize the dynamic avoidance of the adjusting toothed roll, a feeding box is arranged on the rack, which is used for feeding iron ore materials, so that the materials can smoothly enter between the adjusting toothed roll and the fixed toothed roll.

[0009] Further, the spring group is composed of a plurality of groups of parallelly arranged spiral springs, each group of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, and after vacuum oil quenching and medium temperature tempering treatment, the hardness is HRC45-50, the wire diameter is 80mm, the medium diameter is 250mm, the free height is 630mm, and the stiffness range is 50-200N / mm.

[0010] Further, the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder structure, the working pressure is 30 MPa, the cylinder body is fixed with the rack through the ear joint, and the piston rod end is hinged with the adjusting tooth roller support frame through the connecting seat.

[0011] Further, the pressure sensor is installed at the rod cavity oil port, shares an integrated valve block with the hydraulic valve, and is connected in a threaded end face O-shaped ring sealing manner; when it is detected that the oil cavity pressure rising rate of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is greater than 2 MPa / ms or the pressure is greater than 30 MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve to open, and the pressure is quickly released to realize the avoiding action.

[0012] The hydraulic valve is a proportional electric control overflow valve, the response time is less than 50 ms, the discharge flow is not less than 60 L / min, is installed at the near end of the rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the oil inlet is communicated with the oil cylinder, and the oil outlet is connected with the oil tank through the oil return pipe.

[0013] Further, the displacement sensor is a linear displacement sensor, the fixed end is rigidly connected with the rack, the sensing end is connected with the adjusting tooth roller support, the detection range is ±50 mm, the resolution is 0.1 mm, and is used to realize the closed-loop feedback control of the crushing gap.

[0014] Further, the universal joint adopts a cross shaft type structure, is combined with the telescopic flat key shaft, realizes 30° deflection compensation, keeps the transmission coaxial in the tooth roller adjusting process, and the transmission efficiency is not less than 95%. The driving assembly includes a motor, a speed reducer and a shaft coupling, and is installed on the support on one side of the rack.

[0015] Further, the limiting jack is used for forming two-stage mechanical protection at the avoiding limit position, and triggers the mechanical limiting when the avoiding stroke reaches 105 mm, so that the tooth roller is prevented from overshooting.

[0016] Further, a control method of a crushing gap adjustable intermediate tooth roller crusher and a control method, including the following steps: Step one: initialization, after the system is powered on, the initial signal of the displacement sensor is read, and the adjusting tooth roller is reset to the reference gap; Step two: gap setting, inputting the target gap value on the control interface and taking it as the PID target input; Step three: closed-loop adjustment, executing the PID control according to the feedback of the displacement sensor, and adjusting the output of the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the tooth roller gap; Step four: pressure monitoring, sampling the pressure sensor signal at a frequency of 1 kHz; Step five: impact identification, when it is detected that the pressure rising rate is greater than 2 MPa / ms or the pressure is greater than 30 MPa, the impact event is determined; Step six: pressure relief and avoiding, the PLC output signal drives the pressure relief valve to open, the hydraulic cylinder is quickly depressurized, the spring set is compressed to absorb energy, and the tooth roller is avoided by sliding; Step seven: return calibration, after pressure recovery, pressure relief valve is closed, the system automatically resets to the target gap; displacement sensor detects the return deviation and performs automatic calibration to ensure that the crushing gap is restored to the target value.

[0017] Step eight: abnormal handling and protection, during operation, if the pressure sensor or displacement sensor signal is abnormal, or the avoidance stroke exceeds the limit range, the PLC immediately executes the emergency lock valve action and triggers the alarm signal, the system enters the safety protection mode to prevent equipment damage.

[0018] Further, the PLC control system simultaneously controls the displacement and pressure signals in a double closed loop, the avoidance response time is less than 0.3s, and the gap adjustment accuracy is ±5mm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application adopts a composite adjustment mechanism composed of a spring set and a hydraulic cylinder, and realizes closed-loop accurate control of the crushing gap through the PID algorithm of the PLC system; compared with the traditional mechanical wedge or screw rod adjustment method, the structure can realize continuous adjustment in the range of 10-100mm, and the adjustment accuracy reaches ±5mm; the spring set cooperates with the high-precision displacement sensor to realize stable and repeatable gap control, effectively ensuring the consistency of the crushing particle size and the product quality.

[0020] 2. The present application forms a composite avoidance system with elastic buffering and hydraulic pressure relief cooperation; when the pressure sensor detects that the oil cavity pressure rising rate exceeds the set threshold value, such as 2MPa / ms or the pressure exceeds 30MPa, the PLC immediately triggers the pressure relief valve action, the hydraulic cylinder is rapidly relieved in 0.3s, and the adjusting tooth roller realizes dynamic avoidance. The spring set absorbs impact energy during avoidance to avoid the transmission of shock waves to the rack or main shaft, thereby effectively preventing tooth roller fracture, bearing damage and main shaft bending; compared with the traditional single hydraulic cylinder structure, the impact response speed of the present application is improved by about 70%, and the structural safety is significantly improved.

[0021] 3. The present application adopts a pressure and displacement double sensor feedback control system, realizes the coordination and unity of adjustment accuracy and avoidance response through real-time data sampling and PID linkage adjustment by PLC; after the equipment is impacted, the system can automatically judge the state to complete the whole process of "fast avoidance-return-calibration" without manual intervention; the combination design of universal joint and telescopic key shaft can realize 30° deflection compensation, so that the tooth roller still maintains transmission coaxiality during dynamic adjustment, ensuring that the transmission efficiency is not less than 95%.

[0022] 4、The present application realizes the combination of flexibility and rigidity through the asymmetric arrangement of the composite adjusting mechanism, one side is used for precise adjustment, and the other side forms rigid protection through the limiting jack to prevent the tooth roller from overshooting; compared with the traditional tooth roller crusher, the present application significantly reduces the frequency of shutdown maintenance, prolongs the service life of the key components, and the comprehensive economic benefit is improved by more than 30%, and is suitable for medium crushing operation of high hardness ores such as iron ore, quartz sand and high calcium stone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a whole structure of the present application. Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the adjusting tooth roller mechanism of the present application. Figure 3 It is an assembly drawing of the transmission mechanism of the present application. Figure 4 It is a finite element stress nephogram of the rack of the present application. Figure 5 It is a stress distribution diagram of the spring set of the present application. Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the automatic control and avoidance process of the crushing gap of the present application.

[0024] In the drawing: 1 rack, 2 fixed tooth roller, 3 slide rail, 4 adjusting tooth roller, 5 spring set, 6 adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 7 limiting jack, 8 universal joint, 10 displacement sensor, 11 pressure sensor, 12 hydraulic valve, 13 feed box, 14 driving assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. Example one

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-6 The present application provides a technical solution: a crushing gap adjustable medium crushing tooth roller crusher and control method, comprising a rack 1, a fixed tooth roller 2, an adjusting tooth roller 4, a slide rail 3, an asymmetric composite adjusting and avoiding system, a universal joint 8, a driving assembly 14, a feed box 13, a hydraulic and sensor control unit.

[0027] The fixed tooth roller 2 is fixedly installed on the rack 1, and the adjusting tooth roller 4 is slidably connected with the rack 1 through the slide rail 3, and the two are asymmetrically arranged in the transverse direction; a spring group 5 is arranged on one side of the adjusting tooth roller 4, and a adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected in parallel to form a composite adjusting mechanism, the jack 6 controls the crushing gap through extension and retraction, and the precise adjustment of the distance between the tooth rollers is realized; a limiting jack 7 is arranged on the other side of the adjusting tooth roller 4, and is used for forming a rigid end position, preventing the tooth roller from overshooting, and forming a symmetrical constraint structure of soft and hard combination with the composite adjusting mechanism.

[0028] One end of the adjusting tooth roller 4 is connected with a universal joint 8, and is used for being connected with a driving assembly 14; the driving assembly 14 is composed of a motor, a speed reducer and a shaft coupling, and is installed on a side support of the rack 1; driving power is transmitted to the tooth roller through the universal joint 8 and the telescopic flat key shaft, so that the deflection compensation is realized, the transmission coaxiality is maintained, and the transmission efficiency is not less than 95%; a feeding box 13 is arranged on the upper part of the rack 1, and is used for the continuous feeding of the iron ore material, so that the material is uniformly fed into the crushing cavity between the fixed tooth roller 2 and the adjusting tooth roller 4 to be crushed by extrusion.

[0029] The spring group 5 is composed of a plurality of groups of parallelly arranged spiral springs; each group of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, and has a hardness of HRC45-50 after vacuum oil quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment, a wire diameter of 80mm, a medium diameter of 250mm, a free height of 630mm and a stiffness range of 50-200N / mm; the multi-group parallel structure makes the stress distribution uniform, and provides the elastic support and impact energy absorption capacity.

[0030] The adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 is a high-pressure hydraulic cylinder structure, has a working pressure of 30MPa (adjustable range of 20-50MPa), and is fixed on the rack 1 through an ear joint; the piston rod end is hinged with the adjusting tooth roller 4 support through a connecting seat, so that the force direction is consistent with the sliding direction of the slide rail 3, and transverse eccentric load is avoided.

[0031] A pressure sensor 11 is installed at the rod cavity oil port of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6, and is connected with a hydraulic valve 12 in a screw end face O-ring seal manner; when the oil cavity pressure rising rate is greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure is greater than 30MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve 12 to open for rapid pressure relief, so that the tooth roller is avoided; the hydraulic valve 12 is a proportional electric control overflow valve, has a response time of less than 50ms and a discharge flow of not less than 60L / min, is installed at the proximal end of the rod cavity of the jack 6, and has an oil inlet connected with the oil cylinder and an oil outlet connected with the oil tank through an oil return pipe.

[0032] A displacement sensor 10 is arranged on one side of the stroke direction of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6, and has a fixed end connected with the rack 1 and a sensing end connected with the adjusting tooth roller 4 support; the detection range is ±50mm, and the resolution is 0.1mm; the sensor detects the tooth roller gap position in real time and forms a closed loop feedback signal, and is used for the PID control of the PLC system.

[0033] Limiting jack 7 is arranged on the other side of adjusting gear roller 4, forming secondary mechanical protection in the limit position, triggering rigid limit when the avoidance stroke reaches 105 mm, preventing gear roller overshoot and causing mechanism damage; The whole machine asymmetric composite adjusting and avoidance system is composed of spring group 5, adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6, limiting jack 7 and hydraulic valve 12, realizing gap adjustment through jack 6 in normal work, quickly unloading pressure through hydraulic valve 12 when impact load is detected, and cooperating with spring group 5 to absorb energy and avoid, and then automatically resetting.

[0034] In use: In the process of equipment working, fixed gear roller 2 remains stationary, adjusting gear roller 4 slides along the slide rail 3 in the transverse direction to form a crushing cavity with the fixed gear roller; the drive assembly 14 outputs torque through the motor, speed reducer and shaft coupling, which is transmitted to the adjusting gear roller 4 through the universal joint 8, so that the two gear rollers rotate in opposite directions, thereby extruding, shearing and crushing the ore materials entering the crushing cavity.

[0035] Under normal crushing conditions, the working position of adjusting gear roller 4 is determined by adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 and spring group 5; adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 provides main positioning force and controllable displacement adjustment output, and its piston rod is connected with the adjusting gear roller support through the connecting seat; spring group 5 is connected in parallel with jack 6 to provide elastic support and energy buffer; when the PLC control system executes PID regulation according to the feedback signal of displacement sensor 10, the position of adjusting gear roller 4 changes by the extension and retraction of jack 6, thereby realizing continuous adjustment of the crushing gap; displacement sensor 10 detects the transverse displacement of adjusting gear roller 4 in real time and forms a closed-loop control signal, ensuring that the gap adjustment accuracy reaches ±5 mm.

[0036] During the crushing process, pressure sensor 11 monitors the oil cavity pressure of the hydraulic cylinder in real time; when the hardness of the ore suddenly changes or foreign matter enters the crushing cavity, the crushing load instantaneously rises, and the oil cavity pressure quickly rises accordingly; when the PLC system detects that the pressure rising rate is greater than 2 MPa / ms or the pressure value exceeds 30 MPa, it is judged that an impact event has occurred, at which time the control system immediately outputs a high-priority instruction to drive the hydraulic valve 12 to open; the hydraulic valve 12 quickly opens the pressure relief channel, making the hydraulic oil in the rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 quickly return, the oil cavity pressure drops sharply, and the adjusting gear roller 4 moves backward along the slide rail 3 under the action of the load, realizing dynamic avoidance.

[0037] During the avoidance process, spring group 5 is compressed synchronously and absorbs impact energy, forming a double-buffering mechanism of "hydraulic pressure relief + mechanical energy absorption", effectively reducing the risk of impact force being transmitted to the rack 1 and the main shaft system; the limiting jack 7 as a mechanical termination protection device of the system forms rigid limit when the adjusting gear roller 4 moves to the maximum avoidance stroke of 105 mm, preventing gear roller overshoot and causing structural damage.

[0038] After the impact is removed and the oil cavity pressure returns to normal, the PLC control system automatically closes the hydraulic valve 12 and re-drives the jack 6 to push back the adjusting tooth roller 4; the displacement sensor 10 continuously monitors the return position of the tooth roller, and if a return deviation is detected, the system automatically performs a calibration action to ensure that the tooth roller gap returns to the set target; the entire process is completed within 0.3s without manual intervention.

[0039] In long-term operation, the PLC system performs double closed-loop control on the pressure and displacement signals: the displacement loop is used to maintain the stability of the set crushing gap, and the pressure loop is used to monitor the impact changes and perform avoidance control; the coordinated work of the double loops enables the crusher to achieve stable crushing, rapid avoidance and automatic reset under different material particle sizes and hardness.

[0040] The technical parameters are as follows: Item Technical index Processing capacity 800~1000t / h (iron ore material) Power configuration 2x250kW Adjustment resolution 0.1mm Noise level ≤85dB(A) Applicable material hardness ≤150Mpa Control method implementation steps: Step S1: System startup and initialization, after the system is powered on, the PLC reads the initial signal of the displacement sensor (10); the initial gap between the adjusting tooth roller (4) and the fixed tooth roller (2) is judged; if the gap exceeds the allowable tolerance (±5mm), the control system drives the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) to reset, so that the tooth roller returns to the reference position; Step S2: Set the target gap, the operator inputs the target crushing gap (for example, 100mm) on the HMI interface; the PLC stores this set value in the PID control register as the closed-loop control target; the control system automatically calculates the target displacement stroke according to the set gap; Step S3: PID closed-loop regulation, the PLC controls the output of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) through the proportional servo valve; the displacement sensor (10) feedbacks the position of the tooth roller (4) in real time; the PID controller calculates the control amount according to the error e(t) = X_set − X_meas; when the error ≤0.1mm, the system enters the steady state maintenance; Step S4: Pressure monitoring, the pressure sensor (11) monitors the oil cavity pressure of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) at a sampling frequency of 1kHz; the pressure rise rate (dP / dt) is calculated in real time and compared with the set threshold; if the pressure is stable (the change rate ≤0.1MPa / ms), the normal crushing mode is maintained; Step S5: Impact detection and judgment, when the pressure rise rate (dP / dt) >2MPa / ms or the pressure >30MPa is detected; the PLC determines that there is a foreign object impact in the crushing cavity (corresponding to an impact force ≥80kN); the control system enters the "emergency avoidance mode"; Step S6: fast pressure relief and avoidance, PLC immediately outputs high priority instructions to the electric control pressure relief valve (12); the response time of the pressure relief valve is ≤50 ms, fast pressure relief; the spring set (5) is compressed to absorb energy, the adjusting tooth roller (4) moves backward along the slide rail (3); the maximum avoidance distance is 105 mm, the avoidance action is completed within 0.3 s; at the same time, the servo valve outputs locking to prevent reverse flow of oil; Step S7: return and calibration, when the pressure drops to below 10 MPa and is stable for 0.5 s; the PLC controls the servo valve to supply oil again, so that the hydraulic cylinder (6) returns; the displacement sensor (10) feeds back the current gap; if the deviation is ≤5 mm, it is automatically confirmed that the return is completed; if the deviation is >5 mm, secondary calibration is performed, and the PID adjustment stage is re-entered; Step S8: normal operation maintenance, when the system is in the stable gap and stable pressure interval; maintain automatic crushing operation; if the working parameters are normal for more than 10 s, record the "normal operation state flag"; Step S9: fault alarm and protection, when any of the following conditions occurs: pressure signal distortion or loss; displacement sensor has no feedback; pressure does not decrease after pressure relief; the PLC immediately locks the servo valve and pressure relief valve output, stops the driving assembly (14), and sends out an alarm signal; fault record is automatically stored.

[0041] The present application comprehensively utilizes the principles of hydraulic control, elastic energy absorption, displacement detection and intelligent feedback control to realize flexible adjustment and fast avoidance of the crushing gap; wherein: the hydraulic system provides accurate force and displacement output; the spring set 5 realizes high-efficiency energy absorption and buffering; the limiting jack 7 constitutes mechanical secondary protection; the sensing and control system realizes pressure-displacement double closed loop feedback; the universal joint 8 compensates for the transmission deviation caused by adjusting displacement, ensuring stable and efficient transmission; through the above synergistic effect, the crusher can complete pressure relief and avoidance within milliseconds when encountering hard object impact, and automatically reset to the target gap after pressure recovery, realizing intelligent crushing control of "self-adjusting, self-avoiding and self-recovering".

[0042] Optional scheme Guide mechanism: the slide rail 3 can adopt rectangular slide shoes or heavy load roller guides, and dustproof seals and centralized lubrication interfaces can be provided at both ends of the guide to ensure long-term stable sliding.

[0043] Composite adjustment mechanism: the spring set 5 can be replaced by a stack of disc springs or a gas spring structure to adapt to different hardness of ores; the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 can be replaced by a servo hydraulic cylinder or an electro-hydraulic proportional cylinder to improve the adjustment accuracy.

[0044] Limit protection: the limiting jack 7 can be combined with a buffer damper or a mechanical stop block to provide soft and hard two-stage protection; an electric limit switch can also be added to output an avoidance signal.

[0045] Sensing system: displacement sensor 10 can be selected magnetostrictive or laser ranging type; pressure sensor 11 can be selected with temperature compensation type high frequency sensor.

[0046] Valve control system: hydraulic valve 12 can use pilot type quick unloading valve or high response electromagnetic overflow valve; in high frequency avoidance application, energy accumulator can be added for energy release.

[0047] Control system: control algorithm can be upgraded to fuzzy PID or model predictive control (MPC) to realize adaptive avoidance and stable control.

[0048] Drive system: drive assembly 14 can be replaced by hydraulic motor or double motor drive form, suitable for different power levels.

[0049] Feeding structure: the feeding box 13 can increase the guide vane, the vibration anti-bridge device to ensure that the material is uniformly entered into the crushing cavity.

[0050] The crusher combines the functions of elastic energy absorption, hydraulic fine adjustment, rigid limiting and intelligent avoidance through the asymmetric arrangement of the composite adjustment and avoidance structure, realizes the precise control and high-speed response avoidance of the crushing gap, and has the advantages of compact system structure, convenient maintenance and rapid response, and is suitable for medium crushing operation of high hardness ores such as iron ore, quartz sand and high calcium stone, and the comprehensive performance is significantly improved compared with traditional toothed roll crushers.

[0051] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application, and the present application has various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A crushing gap adjustable intermediate toothed roll crusher comprising a frame (1), a fixed toothed roll (2) and an adjusting toothed roll (4) and an asymmetric composite adjusting and relief system, characterized in that: The fixed tooth roller (2) is fixedly installed on the rack (1), the adjusting tooth roller (4) is slidably connected with the rack (1) through a slide rail (3), the two are asymmetrically arranged, a spring group (5) and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) are arranged on one side of the adjusting tooth roller (4), the spring group (5) and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) form a composite adjusting mechanism, a limiting jack (7) is arranged on the other side of the adjusting tooth roller (4), the limiting jack (7) is used for limiting the position of the adjusting tooth roller (4), one end of the adjusting tooth roller (4) is connected with a universal joint (8), a hydraulic valve (12) is arranged at an oil inlet of a rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6), a displacement sensor (10) is arranged on one side of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) in a stroke direction, a pressure sensor (11) is arranged at an oil outlet of the rod cavity of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6), and the spring group (5), the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6), the limiting jack (7) and the hydraulic valve (12) jointly form an asymmetric composite adjusting and avoiding system, and a feeding box (13) is arranged on the rack (1).

2. A roll sizer according to claim 1 wherein: The spring group (5) is composed of a plurality of groups of parallelly arranged spiral springs, each group of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, has a hardness of HRC45~50 after vacuum oil quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment, a wire diameter of 80mm, a medium diameter of 250mm, a free height of 630mm and a stiffness range of 50~200N / mm.

3. A roll sizer according to claim 1 wherein: The adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) is a hydraulic cylinder structure, has a working pressure of 30MPa, and is fixedly connected with the rack (1) through an ear joint, and is hingedly connected with a supporting frame of the adjusting tooth roller (4) through a connecting seat at a piston rod end.

4. A crushing gap adjustable intermediate crushing toothed roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the oil cavity pressure rising rate of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) is greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure is greater than 30MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve (12) to open, and the pressure is rapidly released to realize the avoiding action.

5. A roll sizer according to claim 1 wherein: The displacement sensor (10) is a linear displacement sensor, a fixed end thereof is rigidly connected with the rack (1), and a sensing end thereof is connected with a supporting frame of the adjusting tooth roller (4), and a detection range thereof is ±50mm.

6. The break gap adjustable intermeshing tooth roll crusher and control method of claim 1, wherein: The universal joint (8) adopts a cross shaft type structure, is combined with a telescopic flat key shaft, realizes 30° deflection compensation, and is combined with a driving assembly (14) including a motor, a speed reducer and a shaft coupling to drive the adjusting tooth roller (4).

7. A roll crusher with adjustable crushing gap according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The limiting jack (7) is used for forming secondary mechanical protection at an avoiding limit position, and triggers mechanical limiting when the avoiding stroke reaches 105mm.

8. A control method for a crushing gap adjustable intermediate crushing toothed roll crusher and control method according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one: initialization, after the system is powered on, the initial signal of the displacement sensor (10) is read, and the adjusting tooth roller (4) is reset to a reference gap; Step two: gap setting, a target gap value is input on a control interface and is taken as a PID target input; Step three: closed-loop adjustment, PID control is executed according to the feedback of the displacement sensor, and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) is output to adjust the tooth roller gap; Step four: pressure monitoring, the pressure sensor (11) signal is sampled at a frequency of 1kHz; Step five: impact identification, when the pressure rising rate is greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure is greater than 30MPa, the impact event is determined; Step six: pressure relief avoidance, PLC output signal drives the pressure relief valve (12) to open, the hydraulic cylinder (6) is quickly depressurized, the spring set (5) is compressed and absorbs energy, and the tooth roller (4) slides to avoid; Step seven: return calibration, after the pressure is restored, the pressure relief valve (12) is closed, and the system is automatically reset to the target gap; Step eight: abnormal handling and protection, during operation, if the pressure sensor (11) or displacement sensor (10) signal is abnormal or the avoidance stroke exceeds the limit range, the PLC immediately executes the emergency lock valve action and triggers the alarm signal, and the system enters the safety protection mode.

9. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The PLC control system simultaneously controls the displacement and pressure signals in a double closed loop, the avoidance response time is less than 0.3s, and the gap adjustment accuracy is ±5mm.

Images