A welding device and a welding method for a steel structure

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of metal welding processing, especially to a steel structure welding device and method, comprising a base, a workpiece clamping device and a workpiece laser welding device arranged on the base, characterized in that: the workpiece clamping device and the workpiece laser welding device work cooperatively, the workpiece clamping device is used for clamping the workpiece and making the workpiece intermittent tilt, and the laser welding device is used for swing welding work on the workpiece, solving the technical problem of air hole and unstable weld forming in the existing automatic welding device during welding operation without manual auxiliary survey.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal welding and processing, and more particularly to a welding apparatus and welding method for steel structures. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structure welding equipment plays a key role in building steel structures, significantly improving efficiency, ensuring reliability, and adapting to complex node forms.

[0003] In the welding process of steel, automated welding is now widely used to replace manual welding operations. Compared with manual welding, automated welding is more efficient, more precise, and more reliable after welding. However, in automated welding operations, because there is no human assistance for observation, technical problems such as high risk of porosity and unstable weld formation are prone to occur. By the time these problems appear, it is already time-consuming, labor-intensive, and impractical to rework them after the welding is completed, as this is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0004] Chinese patent application number 202311147298.4 discloses a steel structure welding device, belonging to the field of welding equipment technology. It includes a base box, a carrier arm plate, a loading plate, a clamping assembly, and a welding assembly. A sleeve is rotatably fitted onto one end of the base box, and a collar is rotatably fitted onto the upper limit of the sleeve. Carrier arm plates are fixedly mounted on both the sleeve and the collar. A base plate is slidably mounted on the carrier arm plate, and the loading plate is movably mounted on the base plate. The clamping assembly includes a clamping base plate, with two sets of clamping base plates limited and mounted on the carrier arm plate, and the clamping base plate and carrier arm plate are movably connected. The welding assembly is movably mounted on the base box. This invention, by arranging a rotatable sleeve and collar on the base box, and assembling two sets of carrier arm plates on the sleeve and collar, and arranging movable plate groups and clamping assemblies on the carrier arm plates to clamp the steel structural parts to be welded, allows for free adjustment of the angle and position between the parts to be welded while positioning and clamping them. After clamping, rapid fine-tuning can also be performed, improving the positioning efficiency of the welding point. The technical solution proposed by the above invention improves welding accuracy and work efficiency by improving workpiece positioning. However, even though the computer-set path is the same, the weld quality is different each time the welding device performs welding operations according to the preset path. The above invention does not provide a corresponding solution for the porosity and unstable weld formation that are unavoidable in automated welding operations, and these problems will still exist in actual work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a welding device and welding method for steel structures, which solves the technical problem that existing automated welding devices are prone to porosity and unstable weld formation when performing welding operations due to the lack of manual auxiliary surveying.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a steel structure welding device, including a base, a workpiece clamping device disposed on the base, and a workpiece laser welding device, wherein the workpiece clamping device and the workpiece laser welding device work together, the workpiece clamping device is used to clamp the workpiece and cause the workpiece to tilt intermittently, and the laser welding device is used to perform oscillating welding on the workpiece.

[0007] The workpiece clamping device includes a U-shaped base, a central support rod mounted on the U-shaped base, a movable worktable sleeved on the central support rod, and an electromagnetic adsorption column set on the table surface of the movable worktable. The central support rod rotates 360° along its own axis by a rotating motor.

[0008] The laser welding device includes a multi-axis robotic arm and a flexible welding head disposed at the free end of the multi-axis robotic arm;

[0009] During the welding process, the workpiece clamping device and the laser welding device move simultaneously to maintain flexibility, and the welding head is always tilted to the workpiece for welding.

[0010] Furthermore, the workpiece clamping device is fixedly mounted on the base, and the workpiece clamping device fixes the workpiece by electromagnetic adsorption through the electromagnetic adsorption column.

[0011] Furthermore, the movable worktable is provided with a through hole, and the central support rod passes through the through hole into the movable worktable. The inner surface of the through hole is provided with a first concave-convex vibration surface, and the outer circumferential surface of the central support rod is provided with a second concave-convex vibration surface. As the central support rod rotates, the first concave-convex vibration surface and the second concave-convex vibration surface cooperate to provide vibration for the movable worktable.

[0012] Furthermore, two first movable guide rails are provided on the lower surface of the movable worktable, and two second movable guide rails are provided on the base. The first movable guide rails are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the lower surface of the movable worktable, and the second movable guide rails are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the U-shaped base. The projections of the first movable guide rails and the projections of the second movable guide rails on the horizontal plane overlap each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the first movable guide rail and the second movable guide rail cooperate to move back and forth and deflect on the horizontal plane. The first movable guide rail is provided with a deflection groove, and the second movable guide rail is densely arranged with deflection gears. The deflection gears and the deflection groove mesh with each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the deflection slots are arranged in a regular pattern, and all the deflection slots have the same structural specifications. The deflection gear includes a first deflection tooth and a second deflection tooth. The first deflection tooth and the second deflection tooth are arranged in a ring-shaped interval. The tooth height of the second deflection tooth is higher than that of the first deflection tooth, and the difference between the two is 5mm-8mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the deflection gears in the second movable guide rail on the same side are in the same state, while the deflection gears in the second movable guide rail on different sides differ by one tooth. When the deflection gear in the second movable guide rail on one side is in the state where the second deflection tooth is vertically upward, the deflection gear in the second movable guide rail on the other side is in the state where the first deflection tooth is vertically upward. The deflection gears in the second movable guide rail on the same side rotate at the same speed.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible welding head forms an angle of 35°-45° with the horizontal plane.

[0017] A welding method, which employs a welding apparatus for welding, includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Material pretreatment: Rust prevention treatment is applied to the steel, and the welding rods and flux are baked.

[0019] S2. Steel positioning and clamping: Two pieces of steel to be welded are placed on the table of the movable workbench by hand, and the workpieces to be welded are fixed on the table of the movable workbench by electromagnetic adsorption, ensuring that the distance between the two pieces of steel to be welded is 1mm-2mm.

[0020] S3, Deflection Welding: The flexible welding head approaches the workpiece to be welded in preparation for welding. The welding method is laser welding. In the initial state, the flexible welding head maintains an angle of 35°-45° with the horizontal plane. In the initial state, the angle between the table surface of the movable worktable and the horizontal plane is 5°. As the welding work begins, both the movable worktable and the flexible welding head reciprocate and deflect.

[0021] S4. Weld inspection: Manual inspection of welds on completed steel structural components.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, the deflection gear on the second movable guide rail rotates to drive the movable worktable to move. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the deflection gear, the reciprocating motion of the movable worktable is controlled, while it is kept reciprocating at a small angle to the horizontal plane, in conjunction with the laser welding operation of the flexible welding head.

[0023] By adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. Compared with existing steel structure welding equipment, this invention achieves higher welding standards and efficiency in welding flat steel materials. It replaces conventional manual electrode clamping with laser welding, avoiding problems such as porosity, incomplete welds, and unstable weld formation that can occur with manual welding due to varying skill levels. Specifically, this invention improves and innovates the two most important aspects of the welding device: the workpiece clamping device and the laser welding device. These two components work together to achieve the highest welding standards. During welding, the workpiece clamping device changes the position of the steel material, coordinating with the flexible welding head. The flexible welding head always welds the steel in an inclined state, and through forward and reverse tilting, it ensures a Z-shaped weld extension, guaranteeing weld formation quality and further improving the tightness of the welded steel connection.

[0025] 2. In the workpiece clamping device of this invention, the movable worktable is movably connected to the U-shaped base via a central support rod. The central support rod provides the main support performance, and a first concave-convex vibration surface is provided in the through hole of the movable worktable. A second concave-convex vibration surface is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the central support rod. When the central support rotates along its own axis, the movable worktable will not rotate with the central support rod due to its own weight and the limiting effect of the U-shaped base. However, both the first and second concave-convex vibration surfaces are non-smooth surfaces, and both are rough surfaces with densely packed fine concave-convex particles. When the central support rod rotates, the first and second concave-convex vibration surfaces come into contact with each other, and the concave-convex particles of the two surfaces collide with each other, which will generate a vibration transmission to the movable worktable. The fine, uneven particles and the uniform rotation speed of the central support rod ensure that the vibration transmitted to the movable worktable is also uniform, stable, and low-frequency. This vibration can be further transmitted to the steel, so that the steel is also in a low-frequency vibration state during the welding process. Since the two pieces of steel are tightly fixed on the movable worktable, they are relatively stationary, but the whole is in a high-frequency vibration state. The advantage of welding in this state is that the weld is in a back-and-forth movement with a very small stroke under vibration, which ensures a more complete weld at the joint of the two steel pieces during laser welding. On the other hand, laser welding is instantaneous welding, and being in a high-frequency vibration state can avoid the formation of pores in the weld, as the pores will be filled with the high-frequency vibration. At the same time, it also overcomes the problem of unstable weld formation by increasing the weld width.

[0026] 3. The movement of the movable worktable in this invention application is mainly achieved through the cooperation of the first and second movable guide rails. The deflection gear on the second movable guide rail meshes with the deflection groove on the first movable guide rail. The rotation of the deflection gear drives the movable worktable to move laterally. During the movement, the deflection gear includes first and second deflection teeth of different heights. The deflection gears on the same side of the second movable guide rail are in the same state, while those on different sides differ by one tooth. When the deflection gear on one side of the second movable guide rail has its second deflection tooth pointing vertically upward, the deflection gear on the other side has its first deflection tooth pointing vertically upward. The deflection gears on the same side of the second movable guide rail rotate at the same speed, ensuring that the movable worktable deflects itself during lateral movement. Combined with a flexible welding head that deflects in the same direction but in the opposite direction, this ensures a Z-shaped welding trajectory. Combined with vibration, this increases the diameter of the weld seam, improving welding quality and ensuring a complete and tight weld at the joint of the two steel pieces. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the workpiece clamping device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the active workbench of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the movable workbench structure from below in this invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a top view of the workpiece clamping device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the active workbench of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the deflection gear structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the distribution of Z-shaped weld points in this invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the welding method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] Please see Figures 1-9 The present invention provides a welding device for steel structure, including a base 1, a workpiece clamping device 2 disposed on the base 1, and a workpiece laser welding device 3. The workpiece clamping device 2 and the workpiece laser welding device 3 work together. The workpiece clamping device 2 is used to clamp the workpiece 6 and cause the workpiece 6 to tilt intermittently. The laser welding device 3 is used to perform oscillating welding on the workpiece 6.

[0039] The workpiece clamping device 2 includes a U-shaped base 21, a central support rod 22 mounted on the U-shaped base 21, a movable worktable 23 sleeved on the central support rod 22, and an electromagnetic adsorption column 24 set on the table surface of the movable worktable 23. The central support rod 22 rotates 360° along its own axis by a rotating motor 222.

[0040] The laser welding device 3 includes a multi-axis robotic arm 31 and a flexible welding head 32 disposed at the free end of the multi-axis robotic arm 31.

[0041] During the welding process, the workpiece clamping device 2 and the laser welding device 3 move simultaneously to keep the flexible welding head 32 always tilted to the workpiece 6 for welding, and the flexible welding head 32 and the workpiece 6 deflect in opposite directions.

[0042] The workpiece clamping device 2 is fixedly mounted on the base 1. The workpiece clamping device 2 fixes the workpiece 6 by electromagnetic adsorption through the electromagnetic adsorption column 24. The movable worktable 23 is provided with a through hole 231. The central support rod 22 passes through the through hole 231 and is inserted into the movable worktable 23. The inner surface of the through hole 231 is provided with a first concave-convex vibration surface 232. The outer circumferential surface of the central support rod 22 is provided with a second concave-convex vibration surface 221. With the rotation of the central support rod 22, the first concave-convex vibration surface 232 and the second concave-convex vibration surface 221 cooperate to provide vibration for the movable worktable 23. The bottom surface of the movable worktable 23 is provided with... Two first movable guide rails 5 are provided on the base 1, and two second movable guide rails 4 are provided on the base 1. The first movable guide rails 5 are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the lower bottom surface of the movable worktable 23, and the second movable guide rails 4 are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the U-shaped base 21. The projections of the first movable guide rails 5 and the second movable guide rails 4 on the horizontal plane overlap each other. The first movable guide rails 5 and the second movable guide rails 4 cooperate to move the movable worktable 23 back and forth and deflect it on the horizontal plane. The first movable guide rails 5 are provided with deflection slots 51, and the second movable guide rails 4 are densely arranged with deflection gears 41. The deflection gears 41 and the deflection slots 51 mesh with each other.

[0043] The deflection slots 51 are arranged in a regular pattern, and all deflection slots 51 have the same structural specifications. The deflection gear 41 includes a first deflection tooth 411 and a second deflection tooth 412. The first deflection tooth 411 and the second deflection tooth 412 are arranged in a ring with intervals. The tooth height of the second deflection tooth 412 is higher than that of the first deflection tooth 411, and the difference between the two is 8mm. The deflection gears 41 in the second movable guide rail 4 on the same side are in the same state. The deflection gears 41 in the second movable guide rail 4 on different sides differ by one tooth. When the deflection gear 41 in the second movable guide rail 4 on one side is in the state where the second deflection tooth 412 is vertically upward, the deflection gear 41 in the second movable guide rail 4 on the other side is in the state where the first deflection tooth 411 is vertically upward. The deflection gears 41 in the second movable guide rail 4 on the same side rotate at the same speed.

[0044] The flexible welding head 32 is at a 45° angle to the horizontal plane.

[0045] This embodiment also proposes a welding method using the aforementioned welding apparatus. The welding method, which employs a welding apparatus for welding, includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Material pretreatment: Rust prevention treatment is applied to the steel, and the welding rods and flux are baked.

[0047] S2. Steel positioning and clamping: Two pieces of steel to be welded are placed on the table of the movable worktable 23 by manual means, and the workpieces to be welded are fixed on the table of the movable worktable 23 by electromagnetic adsorption, ensuring that the distance between the two pieces of steel to be welded is 1mm.

[0048] S3, Deflection welding; The flexible welding head 32 approaches the workpiece to be welded in preparation for welding operation. The welding method is laser welding. In the initial state, the flexible welding head 32 maintains a 45° angle with the horizontal plane. In the initial state, the angle between the table surface of the movable worktable and the horizontal plane is 5°. With the start of the welding operation, both the movable worktable 23 and the flexible welding head 32 reciprocate and deflect.

[0049] S4. Weld inspection: Manual inspection of welds on completed steel structural components.

[0050] In step S3, the deflection gear 41 on the second movable guide rail 4 rotates to drive the movable worktable 23 to move. The reciprocating motion of the movable worktable 23 is controlled by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the deflection gear 41, while keeping it reciprocating at a small angle to the horizontal plane, in conjunction with the laser welding operation of the flexible welding head 32.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0052] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A welding device for a steel structure, comprising a base, a workpiece clamping device provided on the base, and a workpiece laser welding device, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping device and the workpiece laser welding device work in cooperation, the workpiece clamping device is used for clamping the workpiece and making the workpiece intermittent tilt, and the laser welding device is used for adopting swing welding on the workpiece; The workpiece clamping device comprises a U-shaped base, a center support rod arranged on the U-shaped base, a movable workbench sleeved on the center support rod, and an electromagnetic adsorption column arranged on the table top of the movable workbench, and the center support rod is rotated along the axis of the center support rod by a rotating motor. The laser welding device comprises a multi-axis mechanical arm and a flexible welding head arranged at the free end of the multi-axis mechanical arm. During the welding process, the workpiece clamping device and the laser welding device move simultaneously to keep the flexible welding head always in a tilted state with the workpiece for welding. A through hole is arranged on the movable workbench, the center support rod is arranged in the movable workbench through the through hole, a first concave-convex vibration surface is arranged on the inner hole surface of the through hole, a second concave-convex vibration surface is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the center support rod, and the first concave-convex vibration surface and the second concave-convex vibration surface cooperate to provide vibration for the movable workbench with the rotation of the center support rod. The workpiece clamping device is fixedly arranged on the base, and the workpiece clamping device is fixed on the workpiece by electromagnetic adsorption through the electromagnetic adsorption column. Two first movable guide rails are arranged on the lower bottom surface of the movable workbench, and two second movable guide rails are arranged on the base, the first movable guide rails are symmetrically arranged at the edges of the lower bottom surface of the movable workbench, the second movable guide rails are symmetrically arranged at the edges of the upper surface of the U-shaped base, and the projections of the first movable guide rails and the second movable guide rails on the horizontal plane overlap each other. The first movable guide rail and the second movable guide rail cooperate to move to drive the movable workbench to move back and forth and deflect on the horizontal plane, the first movable guide rail is provided with a deflection slot, and the second movable guide rail is densely arranged with deflection gears, and the deflection gears and the deflection slot are meshed with each other. The deflection slots are regularly arranged, the deflection slots have the same structure specifications, the deflection gears comprise first deflection teeth and second deflection teeth, the first deflection teeth and the second deflection teeth are annularly and spacedly arranged, the tooth height of the second deflection teeth is higher than that of the first deflection teeth, and the difference is 5mm-8mm. The deflection gears in the same side second movable guide rail have the same state, the deflection gears in different side second movable guide rails have a tooth difference, when the deflection gears in one side second movable guide rail are in the state that the second deflection teeth are vertically upward, the deflection gears in the other side second movable guide rail are in the state that the first deflection teeth are vertically upward, and the deflection gears in the same side second movable guide rail have the same rotation rate.

2. A welding apparatus for steel structures as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible welding head forms an angle of 35°-45° with the horizontal plane.

3. A welding method using the welding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1, material pretreatment; rust-proof treatment is performed on the steel material, and welding rods and fluxes are baked; S2, steel positioning clamping; two pieces of steel to be welded are placed on the table top of the movable workbench by manual operation, and the workpieces to be welded are fixed on the table top of the movable workbench by electromagnetic adsorption, so that the distance between the two pieces of steel to be welded is 1mm-2mm; S3, deflection welding; the flexible welding head is close to the workpiece to be welded for welding operation, the welding method is laser welding, the flexible welding head and the horizontal plane form an angle of 35°-45° in the initial state, and the angle between the table top of the movable workbench and the horizontal plane is 5° in the initial state; the movable workbench and the flexible welding head are deflected reciprocatingly with the start of the welding work; S4, weld inspection; manual weld inspection is performed on the finished steel structure.

4. A welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the movable workbench is displaced by rotating the deflection gear on the second movable guide rail, the reciprocating movement of the movable workbench is controlled by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the deflection gear, and the movable workbench is deflected reciprocatingly at a small angle with the horizontal plane, which cooperates with the laser welding operation of the flexible welding head.

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