Rapid anchoring device based on expanded-base conical hole and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power grid operation and maintenance, in particular to a rapid anchoring device based on an expanded-base conical hole and a construction method. Broaching is conducted on the bottom of the initial straight hole, a conical cavity is formed in the bottom of the initial straight hole, and the conical cavity and the initial straight hole jointly form a conical hole; a plurality of anchor pieces are arranged in the conical cavity; an anchoring connecting piece is installed in the conical hole, and the top of the anchoring connecting piece extends out of the top of the conical hole; and filling the hole with an anchoring agent. The occlusal force of a soil layer is enhanced through an expanded-base conical hole structure, the overall stability is improved through multipoint distribution of anchor pieces, and construction parameters are optimized in combination with intelligent monitoring, so that the problems of poor adaptability to a complex geological environment, slow response of traditional anchoring and insufficient reliability under a dynamic load are effectively solved; the system has the advantages of high environmental adaptability, high response speed and high bearing reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power grid operation and maintenance, in particular to a fast anchoring device based on an expanded-bottom conical hole and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the "artery" of the power system, the safe and stable operation of the transmission line is directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Under complex natural environmental conditions, extreme wind and icing phenomena are prone to induce conductor galloping, i.e. low-frequency and large-amplitude oscillation of the conductor, which can lead to interphase flashover, hardware wear and even wire breakage and tower collapse, etc. These accidents are sudden, have a wide range of influence, and are prone to cause regional power outages, posing a major threat to social and economic operation and public safety. In the emergency disposal link, through the throwing device to throw the anti-dancing or anti-swing special rope to the dancing conductor, and to implement fast anchoring to the terminal of the rope, it is the key technical means to curb the spread of dancing and restore the stable operation of the line.

[0003] However, the current emergency anchoring method mainly relies on concrete foundation, ground anchor or counterweight, which has significant defects. In complex geological environments such as soft soil or rock stratum, the traditional method is difficult to effectively operate, and the environmental adaptability is seriously insufficient; the construction process is complicated, and long preparation and curing time is required, the response speed is slow, and it cannot meet the minute-level disposal demand under emergency working conditions; at the same time, the bearing capacity of the anchoring structure is unstable, and it is easy to fail under the dynamic impact load generated by conductor galloping, and the reliability is difficult to guarantee. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a fast anchoring device and construction method based on an expanded-bottom conical hole, which enhances the soil layer engagement force through the expanded-bottom conical hole structure, improves the overall stability through the multi-point distribution of anchor plates, and optimizes the construction parameters through intelligent monitoring, effectively overcoming the problems of poor adaptability to complex geological environments, slow response of traditional anchoring and insufficient reliability under dynamic load, and has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, fast response speed and high bearing reliability.

[0005] The above application purpose of the present application is realized through the following technical scheme: The present application provides a fast anchoring construction method based on an expanded-bottom conical hole, and the steps are as follows: Drilling an initial straight hole in the target area; Expanding the hole at the bottom of the initial straight hole to form a conical cavity at the bottom of the initial straight hole, and the conical cavity and the initial straight hole together form a conical hole; Distributing a plurality of anchor plates into the conical cavity; Installing an anchoring connecting piece in the conical hole, the top of the anchoring connecting piece extending out of the top of the conical hole; Filling the hole with an anchoring agent; The anchoring agent solidifies, and the solidified anchoring agent block, anchor plate, soil layer on the wall of the conical hole, and anchoring connectors form the anchor body; Connect the cable tie used to stop the cable from moving to the protruding end of the anchoring connector.

[0006] Furthermore, the diameter of the conical cavity gradually increases in the direction from the bottom to the top.

[0007] Furthermore, one end of several anchor plates is inserted into the soil layer of the conical hole wall, and one end of some anchor plates enters the initial straight hole.

[0008] Furthermore, several anchor pieces are distributed in a ring at multiple points.

[0009] Furthermore, dielectric constant and humidity data were collected within the conical aperture; The placement method, quantity, and embedment depth of the anchor plates are determined based on the obtained dielectric constant and humidity data.

[0010] Furthermore, temperature data inside the conical hole was obtained; Based on the obtained humidity and temperature data, the curing time of the anchoring agent is determined.

[0011] Furthermore, after the initial straight hole is drilled, the drill bit is not removed, and the bottom of the initial straight hole is directly enlarged to form a conical cavity.

[0012] This application also proposes a rapid anchoring device based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole, comprising: The outer drill rod has a drill bit at its bottom and is used to drill the initial straight hole. A conical mold is used to drill conical cavities. The conical mold is located inside the outer drill rod, and both ends of the conical mold extend out of the outer drill rod wall. The inner drill rod is located inside the outer drill rod and is used for assembling the tapered mold; An anchor plate installation device is installed inside the outer drill rod and is used to install anchor plates.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a soil removal device, installed inside the outer drill rod, for transporting soil out of the borehole.

[0014] In summary, this application has the following beneficial technical effects: By enhancing the soil layer's interlocking force through the enlarged bottom conical hole structure, improving overall stability through the multi-point distribution of anchor plates, and optimizing construction parameters through intelligent monitoring, this method effectively overcomes the problems of poor adaptability to complex geological environments, slow response of traditional anchoring, and insufficient reliability under dynamic loads. It has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, fast response speed, and high load-bearing reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of drilling an initial straight hole according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the initial straight hole enlargement to form a conical cavity according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor plate installation according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor body formed after the anchoring agent solidifies according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring device of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] In emergency response to conductor galloping in power transmission lines, existing anchoring methods rely on concrete foundations, ground anchors, or counterweights, leading to technical problems such as poor environmental adaptability, slow response, and unreliable load-bearing capacity. Poor environmental adaptability manifests as difficulty in anchoring operations under complex geological conditions, such as loose soil or rock layers hindering foundation stability; slow response stems from the long preparation and installation times required by traditional methods, prolonging the emergency response cycle; and unreliable load-bearing capacity arises from the anchoring system's susceptibility to displacement or failure under uneven geological conditions or dynamic loads. These problems directly restrict the efficiency of anchoring operations, system stability, and emergency response capabilities, making it impossible to control conductor galloping disasters in a timely manner.

[0018] For example, in a scenario where transmission lines in mountainous areas experience conductor galloping due to icing and strong winds, the target area often has a soft geological structure containing gravel. Existing concrete foundations cannot be quickly poured and formed, ground anchors struggle to penetrate the surface soil for effective fixation, and counterweights slip due to uneven ground. In this specific technical scenario, anchoring operations are forced to halt due to geological limitations, the duration of conductor galloping is prolonged, the risk of phase-to-phase flashover significantly increases, and hardware wear accelerates, hindering emergency response.

[0019] If the above problems are not addressed, failure of the anchoring system will lead to an expansion of conductor galloping, an increased probability of phase-to-phase flashover, accelerated wear of hardware, and even trigger line breaks and tower collapses. The risk of large-scale regional blackouts will increase accordingly, the power grid's ability to rapidly suppress galloping disasters will be fundamentally weakened, and the safe and stable operation of the power system will face a serious threat.

[0020] In response, this application proposes a rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole, comprising the following steps: Drill initial straight holes in the target area; The bottom of the initial straight hole is enlarged to form a conical cavity, and the conical cavity and the initial straight hole together form a conical hole; Several anchor plates are placed inside the conical cavity; An anchoring connector is installed inside the conical hole, with the top of the anchoring connector extending beyond the top of the conical hole; Fill the hole with anchoring agent; The anchoring agent solidifies, and the solidified anchoring agent block, anchor plate, soil layer on the wall of the conical hole, and anchoring connectors form the anchor body; Connect the cable tie used to stop the cable from moving to the protruding end of the anchoring connector.

[0021] Emergency anchoring for conductor galloping in power transmission lines suffers from poor environmental adaptability, slow response, and unreliable bearing capacity. This application provides a rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole to solve this problem. The method involves drilling an initial straight hole in the target area to establish a foundation hole structure. Further, the bottom of the initial straight hole is enlarged to form a conical cavity. In practical applications, the conical cavity can be created using a rotary reaming drill bit; for example, the enlargement range can be controlled by adjusting the drill bit's inclination angle, primarily to form an enlarged anchoring foundation. When placing several anchor plates into the conical cavity, manual hammering can be used, for example, by using a guide sleeve to push the anchor plates into the soil layer, primarily to enhance the bonding strength between the anchor plates and the soil layer. An anchoring connectors are installed inside the conical hole, with the top of the connector extending beyond the top of the conical hole. Specifically, standard threaded rods can be used as anchoring connectors for easy external connection operations. The anchoring agent is filled into the cavity using cement-based grouting materials, such as ordinary silicate cement grouting material, primarily to fill the cavity space and form a uniform bonding layer. After the anchoring agent solidifies, the solidified anchoring agent block, anchor plate, soil layer of the conical cavity wall, and anchoring connector form the anchor body. The conductor tie rod is then connected to the protruding end of the anchoring connector, achieving the anchoring function. This application, through the design of the enlarged-bottom conical cavity structure, utilizes the stress-dispersing characteristics of the conical cavity to improve stability under complex geological conditions; simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the anchor plate placement and anchoring agent filling ensures the reliable formation of the anchor body. As a preferred embodiment, the formation process of the conical cavity is optimized to adapt to different soil conditions, such as using low-speed hole enlargement operation in loose soil layers, primarily to maintain the integrity of the hole wall. Furthermore, the filling of the anchoring agent is controlled to be uniformly distributed within the cavity, avoiding voids and thus ensuring the overall performance of the anchor body.

[0022] During the initial drilling of the straight borehole in the target area, this step directly establishes the foundation hole structure, avoiding the stringent geological requirements of traditional concrete foundations. This allows for rapid start-up under complex terrain conditions and significantly improves environmental adaptability. When enlarging the borehole at the bottom, the conical cavity expands the anchoring contact area and disperses stress, effectively preventing borehole wall collapse and ensuring stable anchoring foundation construction under complex geological conditions. When several anchor plates are placed within the conical cavity, their distribution is based on the cavity's geometry, allowing the ends to penetrate deep into the borehole wall and partially extend into the straight borehole area. This strengthens the bond with the soil layer and, particularly, adapts to different soil properties during placement, enhancing pull-out resistance. When installing anchoring connectors within the conical borehole, their design, with the top extending beyond the borehole, facilitates external connection operations and significantly shortens subsequent connection time. After filling the borehole with anchoring agent, the agent fully coats the anchor plates and connectors, accelerating the solidification process and forming a uniform bonding layer, improving construction efficiency. After the anchoring agent solidifies, the solidified anchoring agent block, anchor plate, soil layer on the conical hole wall, and anchoring connector together constitute a composite anchor body. Based on the pre-embedded bond between the anchor plate and the soil layer, it provides support force in the early stage of solidification, preventing displacement and enhancing overall impact resistance. When the conductor anti-galling zipper is connected to the protruding end of the anchoring connector, this design ensures that the zipper can quickly and reliably withstand the dynamic load of conductor galloping. The anchor plate can be made of high-strength steel, with its end penetrating deep into the soil layer to strengthen the interlocking. This example is based on the geometric features of the conical cavity, ensuring effective anchoring in typical sandy soil layers. Therefore, this method avoids anchoring failure caused by uneven geology through the synergistic effect of the enlarged conical hole structure, anchor plate, and anchoring agent, and solves the problem of poor environmental adaptability. At the same time, the continuous operation of the initial straight hole and the enlarged hole, as well as the extension design of the connector, significantly shortens the construction time and solves the problem of slow response. In addition, the formation of the composite anchor body effectively disperses the dynamic load stress, enhances the overall bearing capacity, and solves the problem of unreliable bearing capacity.

[0023] In the process of controlling conductor galloping in transmission lines, the traditional anchoring structure based on the expanded-bottom conical hole has the problem of unreasonable design of the conical cavity geometry, which leads to uneven stress distribution. Especially under dynamic loads such as conductor galloping, local stress concentration is prone to occur, which affects the bonding strength between the anchor body and the soil layer, thereby reducing the overall bearing capacity and impact resistance reliability.

[0024] In this regard, this application further proposes that the diameter of the conical cavity gradually increases from the bottom to the top.

[0025] The diameter variation of the conical cavity refers to the continuous increase of its cross-sectional dimensions from bottom to top. This can be achieved using an adjustable reaming tool or a variable diameter reaming mechanism. The purpose is to form a smooth transition surface of the hole wall, avoiding stress concentration points caused by traditional straight holes or abrupt shapes, thereby optimizing the mechanical response characteristics of the anchoring structure.

[0026] Specifically, the solution of this application gradually increases the diameter of the conical cavity from bottom to top, guiding the soil layer of the borehole wall to form a continuous and smooth slope transition during the borehole expansion process, reducing soil disturbance; during the anchoring agent filling stage, this gradual structure promotes the uniform flow of the anchoring agent along the conical surface and fully fills the cavity, reducing the probability of air bubbles and voids; when the anchor plates are deployed, the gradual change in diameter allows the anchor plates to be embedded in soil layers at different depths, enhancing the interlocking force with the soil layer; under the dynamic load caused by conductor galloping, the external impact force is dispersed and transmitted to the surrounding soil layer along the conical surface, avoiding a sudden increase in local stress, and significantly improving the overall stability and fatigue resistance of the anchor body in complex environments.

[0027] As a specific implementation method, a telescopic reaming drill is used in the hole reaming step. The drill contains multiple carbide cutting tools. The extension of the cutting tools is adjusted by a hydraulic control system to achieve a smooth increase in hole diameter from bottom to top during the hole reaming process, forming a continuous conical cavity surface and ensuring that the soil layer on the hole wall maintains its integrity.

[0028] Through the above scheme, the gradual design of the conical cavity effectively avoids local stress concentration, enhances the interface bonding quality between the anchor body and the soil layer, thereby improving the overall bearing capacity and impact resistance reliability, and providing a more stable anchor support for emergency handling of conductor galloping.

[0029] Specifically, in some of the above-mentioned embodiments, it is proposed to place anchor plates in the conical cavity to enhance the integrity of the anchoring structure. However, in the process of implementation, the anchor plates are only located inside the cavity and do not form an effective mechanical connection with the surrounding soil layer. As a result, under the action of dynamic impact load caused by conductor galloping, the anchor plates are prone to slippage or detachment, resulting in insufficient bearing capacity and decreased stability of the anchor body, and inability to reliably resist repeated stress impacts.

[0030] In response, this application further proposes that one end of several anchor plates is inserted into the soil layer of the conical hole wall, and one end of some anchor plates enters the initial straight hole.

[0031] In practical applications, the insertion of the anchor plate into the soil layer of the conical hole refers to the partial embedding of the anchor plate into the soil layer to form a mechanical interlocking interface. This can be achieved using wedge-shaped metal plates or rigid structures with barbs. The purpose is to utilize the shear strength of the soil itself to build a stable connection and effectively prevent the anchor plate from being pulled out as a whole under external tension. In addition, the partial insertion of the anchor plate into the initial straight hole can be understood as the anchor plate extending into the straight hole area. This can be achieved using an adjustable length anchor plate design or a segmented anchor plate structure. The purpose is to distribute the load to the denser, deeper soil in the initial straight hole section and avoid soil disturbance caused by local stress concentration in the conical cavity.

[0032] Specifically, the solution proposed in this application effectively prevents the anchor plate from slipping under dynamic impact loads by inserting one end of the anchor plate into the soil layer of the borehole wall to form a deep mechanical interlock. At the same time, part of the anchor plate extends into the initial straight hole, dispersing the load to the deep soil layer and strengthening the synergistic effect between the anchor plate and the soil layer of the straight hole section. This maintains the integrity and stability of the anchor body under the alternating stress generated by the conductor galloping.

[0033] As a specific implementation method, the anchor plate can be a high-strength steel wedge plate, one end of which is driven to be embedded in the soil layer of the hole wall of the conical hole. Some anchor plates are designed to be longer, so that their free ends extend into the initial straight hole and contact the soil layer of the straight hole section.

[0034] Through the above-mentioned solution, this application significantly reduces the risk of slippage of the anchor plate under dynamic impact load, improves the bearing capacity and stability of the anchor body, and ensures that the anchoring system can reliably resist repeated stress impacts caused by conductor galloping.

[0035] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, anchor plates are proposed to enhance the bearing capacity of the anchor body. However, in this process, the random or single-point distribution of the anchor plates leads to stress concentration in local areas. This makes it impossible for the anchor body to evenly distribute the tension when subjected to the dynamic impact load generated by conductor galloping. This can easily cause the anchor plates to be pulled out or the soil layer to be damaged, reducing the overall reliability and impact resistance of the anchoring system. It is difficult to meet the strict requirements of minute-level response and high-reliability anchoring in emergency handling of power lines.

[0036] In response, this application further proposes several anchor plates distributed in a ring at multiple points.

[0037] Among them, the ring-shaped multi-point distribution refers to the anchor plates being evenly spaced along the circumference of the conical cavity. It can be achieved by using an equidistant distribution of 3 to 6 points or an asymmetrical distribution pattern. The purpose is to avoid concentrated load transmission and ensure that the tension is evenly distributed along the circumference, thereby effectively alleviating the problem of local stress peaks.

[0038] Specifically, this distribution pattern matches the symmetrical geometry of the conical cavity. When the anchoring connector bears the tensile force transmitted by the conductor locking cable, multiple anchor plates simultaneously apply the load to the soil layer on the borehole wall and the anchoring agent solidification block, ensuring that the stress is uniformly transmitted in the circumferential direction and effectively preventing the formation of local stress peaks. Because the diameter of the conical cavity gradually increases from the bottom to the top, the annularly distributed anchor plates can fully utilize the geometric characteristics of the conical hole to evenly transmit the dynamic impact load to the soil layer in the circumferential direction, avoiding the risk of anchor plate pull-out due to single-point stress.

[0039] As a specific embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: After the conical cavity is formed, four anchor plates are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference. One end of each anchor plate is inserted into the soil layer of the borehole wall, partially entering the initial straight borehole to ensure load distribution. In actual operation, the anchor plate placement device precisely pushes the anchor plates to the predetermined position through the internal channel of the outer drill rod, achieving precise control of the ring distribution.

[0040] Through the above-mentioned solution, this application effectively improves the stability of the anchor body under dynamic loads, prevents anchor plate failure due to concentrated impact force under extreme wind or icing conditions, and thus ensures the rapid response capability and long-term reliability of the anchoring system in complex geological environments.

[0041] Specifically, in some of the embodiments described above in this application, anchor plates are proposed to enhance the structural stability of the anchor body. However, in the process of implementation, the method, quantity and depth of installation are not dynamically adjusted in conjunction with the real-time physical state of the soil. This results in insufficient gripping force or excessive installation of anchor plates under complex geological conditions with changes in humidity or differences in dielectric properties, affecting the anchor bearing capacity and environmental adaptability.

[0042] In response, this application further proposes to collect dielectric constant and humidity data inside the conical hole; and to determine the arrangement, quantity, and depth of the anchor plates based on the obtained dielectric constant and humidity data.

[0043] Among them, dielectric constant refers to the quantitative index of soil electrical properties, which can be realized by capacitive sensors or time-domain reflectometers, and aims to reflect the distribution of moisture and compaction between soil particles; humidity data refers to the direct characterization of soil moisture content, which can be realized by resistive humidity sensors or infrared hygrometers, and aims to provide real-time soil moisture information; the layout method refers to the spatial arrangement strategy of anchor plates, which can be achieved by radial distribution, linear arrangement, or random distribution, and aims to optimize the contact interface between anchor plates and soil to enhance grip; the quantity refers to the configuration of the number of anchor plates, which can be dynamically adjusted according to geological conditions, and aims to balance structural bearing capacity and construction economy; the insertion depth refers to the depth control of anchor plate insertion into the soil, which can be realized by adjustable depth mechanism, and aims to adapt to different soil strength characteristics.

[0044] Specifically, the proposed solution first collects dielectric constant and humidity data within the conical hole, which dynamically captures changes in the soil's microscopic physical state. Then, based on data correlation analysis, it establishes a mapping relationship between soil mechanical properties and layout parameters. For example, when the dielectric constant is low, indicating dry and hard soil, the depth of penetration is optimized to fully utilize soil strength, and when the humidity is high, the layout method is adjusted to distribute the load. Finally, the determined layout parameters are applied to the anchor plate layout process, enabling the anchor plate system to form an adaptive match with the soil layer on the conical hole wall, thereby achieving optimal gripping effect under various geological conditions.

[0045] As a specific implementation method, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: a capacitive dielectric constant sensor and a resistive humidity sensor are installed in the conical hole to collect data; the collected data is transmitted to a microcontroller, which may be an STM32 series microcontroller; the microcontroller analyzes the data according to a preset algorithm to determine the placement method, quantity and penetration depth of the anchor pieces; and then guides the anchor piece placement device to perform the placement operation.

[0046] Through the above scheme, this application can dynamically adjust the anchor plate deployment parameters according to the real-time physical state of the soil, avoiding the problems of insufficient gripping force or over-deployment under complex geological conditions, and effectively improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of the anchor body.

[0047] Traditional emergency response methods for conductor galloping in power transmission lines, relying on concrete foundations, ground anchors, or counterweights, suffer from drawbacks such as poor environmental adaptability, slow response, low efficiency, and unreliable load-bearing capacity. This makes it difficult to quickly and reliably anchor under complex geological conditions, severely restricting the ability to rapidly respond to galloping disasters. In some embodiments described above, this application proposes determining the anchor placement method based on humidity data. However, in its implementation, the determination of the anchor curing time ignores the influence of temperature changes, leading to inaccurate curing time predictions in actual construction. This may result in premature curing of the anchor, causing operational difficulties, or delayed curing, prolonging the construction period, thereby reducing the reliability and response speed of the anchoring construction.

[0048] In response, this application further proposes to obtain temperature data inside the conical hole; and to determine the curing time of the anchoring agent based on the obtained humidity and temperature data.

[0049] Among them, obtaining temperature data inside the conical hole refers to real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature inside the hole, which can be achieved using temperature measuring elements such as thermocouples or infrared thermometers. The purpose is to obtain representative temperature information on site to correct the chemical reaction rate. Determining the curing time of the anchoring agent based on the obtained humidity and temperature data can be understood as dynamically integrating two parameters to evaluate the curing process. This can be achieved using empirical formulas or lookup table algorithms, with the aim of comprehensively considering the influence of environmental factors to accurately define the curing time window.

[0050] Specifically, the solution of this application acquires temperature and humidity data inside the conical pores in real time, using temperature as the core variable affecting the speed of molecular motion, and combining it with humidity to reflect the degree of water participation, forming a dynamic control mechanism. Temperature data directly characterizes the nonlinear influence of the pore microenvironment on reaction kinetics, while humidity data quantifies the restrictive effect of water on the hydration process. The synergy of the two enables the curing time calculation to truly reflect the on-site conditions, avoiding the defects of single-parameter methods that cure too slowly at low temperatures or too quickly at high temperatures, thereby ensuring that the anchoring agent solidifies into a stable anchor body under optimal conditions.

[0051] In one specific implementation, temperature data inside the conical hole is acquired by an embedded thermistor sensor arranged on the hole wall, and humidity data is acquired by a capacitive humidity sensor. Based on these measured data, the curing time is determined by a preset algorithm model. This model calculates the weighted effect of temperature on reaction rate and humidity on moisture availability, and outputs curing time parameters adapted to the current microenvironment of the hole.

[0052] Through the above solution, this application achieves accurate prediction of the curing time of the anchoring agent, effectively avoiding the problems of premature curing difficulties or delayed curing construction cycles caused by temperature fluctuations, and significantly improving the reliability and response speed of the anchoring construction process.

[0053] In practical applications, some embodiments of this application propose a step of enlarging the bottom of the initial straight hole to form a conical cavity. However, in its implementation, the drill bit needs to be removed before the enlarging operation is performed, which results in additional equipment replacement time, complicated operation steps, and susceptibility to environmental interference. This cannot meet the requirement of minute-level rapid response in emergency handling of conductor galloping, and further reduces construction efficiency, especially under complex geological conditions.

[0054] In this regard, this application further proposes that after the initial straight hole is drilled, the drill bit is not removed, and the bottom of the initial straight hole is directly enlarged to form a conical cavity.

[0055] Among them, "not removing the drill bit" refers to keeping the drill bit in the working state inside the hole after the initial straight hole is drilled. This can be achieved by maintaining the axial positioning of the drill rod and only switching the working mode of the drill bit. The purpose is to avoid equipment disassembly and reinstallation and eliminate idle time during process transition. "Directly enlarging the bottom of the initial straight hole" means starting the enlarging operation immediately before the drill bit leaves the bottom of the hole. This can be achieved by adjusting the drill bit rotation parameters or activating the built-in enlarging component. The purpose is to ensure the continuous connection between drilling and enlarging processes and reduce the risk of environmental interference. "Forming a conical cavity" refers to constructing a spatial structure with a diameter that gradually increases from the bottom to the top at the bottom of the initial straight hole. This can be achieved by rotary enlarging or mechanical expansion. The purpose is to provide a stable embedding foundation for the anchor plate.

[0056] Specifically, the solution proposed in this application achieves the organic integration of drilling and reaming processes by maintaining the drill bit position within the hole after the initial straight hole drilling is completed and directly initiating the reaming operation. When the straight hole drilling is finished, the drill bit remains at the bottom of the hole, and the reaming operation begins immediately by adjusting the drill bit's operating parameters or activating the reaming mechanism. This avoids the time delays and positional shifts caused by drill bit removal and repositioning in traditional methods. This continuous operation mode ensures an uninterrupted transition from a straight hole to a conical cavity, reduces manual intervention, effectively maintains hole wall stability under complex geological conditions, and creates continuous operating conditions for subsequent anchor placement and anchoring agent filling, thereby significantly compressing the critical construction time window.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: At the emergency response site for conductor galloping of transmission lines, after the drilling rig completes the initial straight hole drilling, the operator keeps the position of the outer drill rod and drill bit unchanged, and adjusts the drill bit speed and feed pressure through the control console to switch the drill bit from the straight hole drilling mode to the hole enlargement mode. The adjustable blades at the bottom of the drill bit automatically unfold and rotate simultaneously with the drill rod being lifted, gradually enlarging the bottom diameter of the hole to form a conical cavity. The entire process does not require changing the drill bit or moving the drilling rig, and can directly proceed to the anchor plate installation process.

[0058] Through the above solution, this application effectively solves the efficiency bottleneck caused by equipment switching, significantly shortens the anchoring construction time, improves the construction reliability under complex geological conditions, and meets the need for minute-level rapid response in emergency handling of conductor galloping.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned rapid anchoring device is proposed. In this regard, embodiments of this application also disclose a rapid anchoring device based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole, comprising: an outer drill rod, with a drill bit disposed at the bottom of the outer drill rod, the outer drill rod being used to drill an initial straight hole; A conical mold is used to drill conical cavities. The conical mold is located inside the outer drill rod, and both ends of the conical mold extend out of the outer drill rod wall. The inner drill rod is located inside the outer drill rod and is used for assembling the tapered mold; An anchor plate installation device is installed inside the outer drill rod and is used to install anchor plates.

[0060] Specifically, the drill bit is directly installed at the bottom of the outer drill rod for drilling the initial straight hole, avoiding tool replacement and shortening the initial drilling preparation time, thereby accelerating the overall response speed. The conical mold is located inside the outer drill rod and extends out of the outer drill rod wall at both ends, allowing for hole reaming without removing the drill bit after the initial straight hole is drilled. The conical cavity is formed instantly based on the continuous working state of the outer drill rod, avoiding the delay of stopping to change equipment in traditional methods. The inner drill rod is set inside the outer drill rod for assembling the conical mold and provides stable support based on the internal space layout of the outer drill rod, ensuring precise control of the hole reaming process and mold positioning. The anchor plate placement device is set inside the outer drill rod for placing anchor plates. The anchor plates are placed instantly during the hole formation process according to the synchronous progress of the drilling operation, avoiding the extra time consumption of independent placement steps.

[0061] By integrating the external drill rod, conical mold, and anchor plate placement device into one unit, and utilizing the structural design of the conical mold extending from both ends of the external drill rod wall to achieve continuous drilling and reaming operations, the problem of poor environmental adaptability is solved. At the same time, the anchor plate placement device places anchor plates in real time during the hole formation process, enhancing the overall stability of the anchor body. Ultimately, it achieves rapid installation with minute-level response, strong adaptability across the entire area, and highly reliable impact-resistant anchoring under complex geological conditions, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of emergency response.

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 5 As shown, the conical mold can be a rhomboid four-bar structure, which can control the compression of the four bars by controlling the inner angle, thereby achieving adjustable extension distance.

[0063] In practical applications, some embodiments of this application propose a rapid anchoring device for enlarged conical holes. However, during its implementation, the slag generated by drilling and enlarging operations cannot be removed in time, resulting in slag accumulation in the hole that hinders the placement of anchor plates and filling of anchoring agent. Construction needs to be frequently interrupted for manual cleaning, which significantly prolongs the emergency anchoring time and cannot meet the efficiency requirements of minute-level response in the handling of conductor galloping disasters.

[0064] In this regard, this application further proposes that it also includes a soil removal device, which is installed inside the outer drill rod for transporting soil to the outside of the borehole.

[0065] Among them, the slag removal device refers to the special equipment used to remove the debris generated during the drilling process. It can be achieved by using a screw conveyor, a pneumatic dust collection system or a hydraulic flushing system. Its purpose is to remove the slag in the hole in real time, avoid the construction interruption caused by accumulation, and ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the anchoring operation.

[0066] Specifically, the solution of this application integrates a soil removal device inside the outer drill rod. During drilling and reaming operations, this device can simultaneously receive and transport the soil generated by the drill bit. Since the outer drill rod also serves to drill the initial straight hole, the soil removal device and the drilling operation work in dynamic coordination, allowing the soil to be transported directly from the bottom of the hole to the outside of the hole along the internal channel, thereby maintaining the cleanliness of the hole. This integrated design avoids the extra stops required for traditional manual cleaning, provides an unobstructed working environment for the anchor plate installation device, and ensures that the anchoring agent filling process is not disturbed by soil, ultimately achieving a seamless connection between the installation of the anchoring connector and the formation of the anchor body.

[0067] As a specific implementation method, the slag removal device of this application is a screw conveyor. The screw conveyor is installed on the inner wall of the outer drill rod. The screw blades are driven to rotate by the drive mechanism, and the slag generated by drilling is transported from the bottom of the hole to the outside of the hole along the screw channel. This design makes full use of the internal space structure of the outer drill rod, without the need to occupy additional external space, and is particularly suitable for narrow working environments under complex geological conditions.

[0068] Through the above solution, this application effectively solves the problem of construction interruption caused by the accumulation of slag and soil, significantly shortens the emergency anchoring time, improves the efficiency and reliability of anchoring operations, and meets the needs of minute-level response in the handling of conductor galloping disasters.

[0069] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole, characterized in that, include: Drill initial straight holes in the target area; The bottom of the initial straight hole is enlarged to form a conical cavity, and the conical cavity and the initial straight hole together form a conical hole; Several anchor plates are placed inside the conical cavity; An anchoring connector is installed inside the conical hole, with the top of the anchoring connector extending beyond the top of the conical hole; Fill the hole with anchoring agent; The anchoring agent solidifies, and the solidified anchoring agent block, anchor plate, soil layer on the wall of the conical hole, and anchoring connectors form the anchor body; Connect the cable tie used to stop the cable from moving to the protruding end of the anchoring connector.

2. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the conical cavity gradually increases from the bottom to the top.

3. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of several of the anchor pieces is inserted into the soil layer of the conical hole wall, and one end of some of the anchor pieces enters the initial straight hole.

4. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor plates are distributed in a ring at multiple points.

5. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes collecting dielectric constant and humidity data inside the conical hole; The placement method, quantity, and embedment depth of the anchor plates are determined based on the obtained dielectric constant and humidity data.

6. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 5, characterized in that, This also includes acquiring temperature data inside the conical aperture; Based on the obtained humidity and temperature data, the curing time of the anchoring agent is determined.

7. The rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the initial straight hole is drilled, the drill bit is not removed. Instead, the initial straight hole is enlarged to form a conical cavity.

8. A rapid anchoring device based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole, characterized in that, include: An external drill rod, with a drill bit at its bottom, is used to drill an initial straight hole; A conical mold is used to drill conical cavities. The conical mold is located inside the outer drill rod, and both ends of the conical mold extend out of the outer drill rod wall. The inner drill rod is located inside the outer drill rod and is used for assembling the tapered mold; An anchor plate installation device is installed inside the outer drill rod and is used to install anchor plates.

9. A rapid anchoring construction method based on an enlarged-bottom conical hole according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a slag removal device, which is installed inside the outer drill rod and used to transport slag out of the borehole.

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