A method, system, medium, equipment, and product for preheating and temperature compensation of a compressed air energy storage system's thermal storage tank.

Abstract

This invention discloses a preheating and temperature compensation method, system, medium, equipment, and product for a compressed air energy storage system's heat storage tank in the field of compressed air energy storage technology. The method includes: during cold start-up of the compressed air energy storage system, high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger. A staged heating strategy is used to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, raising the heat storage medium to the target temperature. After preheating, the high-temperature water tank is switched to operating mode, and the low-temperature water tank is switched to standby mode for temperature compensation. During heat storage, if the temperature difference between the high and low-temperature water tanks exceeds a temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high and low-temperature water tanks exceeds a pressure threshold, a nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance. During heat release, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion-side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, an auxiliary electric heater is activated for supplementary heating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, and in particular to a method, system, medium, equipment and product for preheating and temperature compensation of the heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, temperature control of the storage tank is a core factor affecting energy conversion efficiency, while existing technologies face the dual bottlenecks of high cold start energy consumption and large operating temperature fluctuations.

[0003] Taking the 300 MW demonstration project as an example, although the steel spherical tank using nitrogen constant pressure achieved the technical indicator of static temperature drop ≤1℃ / 24h through high-pressure operation of 1.6 MPa(g) and 150 mm rock wool insulation layer, there are still significant defects in actual operation: During the cold start stage, the traditional electric preheating scheme requires laying electric heating units with a total power of 266 kW on the outer wall of the spherical tank, and the energy consumption of a single start exceeds 3000 kWh, which is equivalent to 2.6% of the rated power of the system. Moreover, due to the thermal inertia of the steel spherical shell, it takes more than 12 hours to rise from room temperature to the operating temperature of 180℃. Under the scenario of frequent start and stop, the annual power consumption can reach 600,000 kWh; During the operation stage, the heat storage / release cycle causes the tank pressure to fluctuate twice a day by ±0.3 MPa, which causes the temperature of the heat storage medium to drift by ±10℃. When the high-temperature water inlet temperature drops from 185℃ to 175℃, the power generation efficiency of the expansion side gas-water heat exchanger is reduced by about 2.5%. Although the impact can be mitigated by thickening the insulation layer or configuring a 30% redundant volume, the total investment in the project will increase by 15%, and the pressure disturbance will be transmitted between the tank groups through the gas phase interconnection pipe, further amplifying the system-level efficiency oscillation.

[0004] These two bottlenecks are essentially a physical contradiction between thermal management and pressure control—electric preheating ensures safety but sacrifices economy, while insulation design suppresses static heat dissipation but struggles to withstand dynamic pressure shocks. How to balance thermal inertia, pressure elasticity, and cost boundaries has become a key issue for breakthroughs in next-generation CAES technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art and provide a method, system, medium, equipment and product for preheating and temperature compensation of the heat storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system. Through innovation of physical mechanism and optimization of control strategy, a dual breakthrough in energy efficiency and economy of compressed air energy storage system is achieved.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preheating and temperature compensation of a thermal storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system, comprising:

[0008] When the compressed air energy storage system is cold-started, the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank is preheated by using an air compressor and an expansion-side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature.

[0009] After preheating, switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to standby mode and perform temperature compensation:

[0010] During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance.

[0011] During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be activated to supplement the heat.

[0012] Optionally, the step-by-step heating strategy for heat exchange between high-temperature air and the heat storage medium includes:

[0013] When the temperature of the heat storage medium is <100℃, the air compressor is adjusted to run at full load to quickly heat the heat storage medium with the maximum air flow.

[0014] When the temperature of the heat storage medium is ≥100℃, the air compressor exhaust flow rate is reduced linearly according to the difference between the current temperature of the heat storage medium and the target temperature until the temperature of the heat storage medium reaches the target value.

[0015] Optionally, the method of using a nitrogen balance system to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance includes:

[0016] If the temperature difference ΔT between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is ≥5℃, the nitrogen flow rate should be controlled to ≤10 m / s.

[0017] If the pressure difference ΔP between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa, the nitrogen injection rate is controlled by a proportional valve to keep the pressure difference between the two tanks within 0.3 MPa.

[0018] Optionally, the supplementary heating power of the auxiliary electric heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference ratio, and shall not exceed 5% of the rated power of the expansion side gas-water heat exchanger.

[0019] Optionally, when the air compressor cannot provide a heat source, the electric heating unit pre-installed on the wall of the high-temperature water storage tank can be activated for preheating.

[0020] Optionally, the heat storage medium is pressurized deionized water, and the temperature compensation accuracy is controlled within ±2℃.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a preheating and temperature compensation system for a thermal storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system, applicable to the preheating and temperature compensation method for a thermal storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system as described in any one of the first aspects, comprising:

[0022] The preheating module is used to preheat the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank during the cold start of the compressed air energy storage system by using an air compressor and an expansion-side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature.

[0023] The temperature compensation module is used to: switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to charging standby mode after preheating, and perform temperature compensation.

[0024] During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance.

[0025] During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be activated to supplement the heat.

[0026] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system as described in any of the first aspects.

[0027] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising:

[0028] Memory, used to store computer instructions;

[0029] A processor for executing the computer instructions to implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to any of the first aspects.

[0030] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, characterized in that, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system as described in any of the first aspects.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. The high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet is used to directly heat the heat storage medium. Combined with a staged flow control strategy, the flow rate is reduced linearly in the high-temperature section while the low-temperature section is at full load. This reduces the preheating time from more than 12 hours in the traditional solution to less than 8 hours, which is more than 33% faster. The external electric heating unit start-up method is eliminated, and the high-temperature heat source in the system is reused, which greatly reduces energy consumption.

[0033] 2. By dynamically adjusting the pressure difference between tanks and the nitrogen flow rate in the connecting pipe through the nitrogen balance system, combined with the PID real-time feedback control system, the operating temperature fluctuation range of the heat storage medium is significantly narrowed from ±10℃ in the traditional scheme to ±2℃, thus improving the temperature control accuracy of the heat storage medium. The improved temperature stability of the heat storage medium ensures that the compressed air and the high-temperature water flowing through the heat exchanger can fully exchange heat, so that the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is consistently ≥175℃, thereby ensuring that the efficiency of the entire heat storage / release cycle reaches more than 90%.

[0034] 3. It eliminates the need for external high-power electric heating units and their supporting systems required by traditional solutions, while avoiding the need for thicker insulation layers or 30% volume redundancy to mitigate temperature fluctuations, thus significantly reducing initial investment; it greatly reduces dependence on external power during the cold start phase, and combined with the reduction in cold start energy consumption and the improvement in power generation efficiency of the expansion-side gas-water heat exchanger, it effectively reduces the operating cost of the system throughout its entire life cycle; this advantage is particularly prominent in large-scale compressed air energy storage power station scenarios that require frequent start-stop operations. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A flowchart of a preheating and temperature compensation method for a thermal storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is an initial state diagram of the thermal storage process provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the thermal storage process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is an initial state diagram of the exothermic process provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the exothermic process according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0041] It should be noted that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] This invention discloses a preheating and temperature compensation method for a thermal storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system, with reference to... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0044] S1, When the compressed air energy storage system is cold-started, the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank is preheated by the air compressor and the expansion side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature.

[0045] S2, After preheating, switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to standby mode and perform temperature compensation:

[0046] S2.1 During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance.

[0047] S2.2 During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be started to supplement the heat.

[0048] Specifically, in step S1, during the cold start of the compressed air energy storage system, the initial water temperature of the low-temperature water storage tank is 50°C. The air compressor is started to full load operation, and the high-temperature air from its outlet is heated by heat exchange through the expansion-side heat exchanger and then injected into the high-temperature water storage tank through the DN450 pipe inlet. In this embodiment, the measured temperature of the outlet high-temperature air is 200°C, and the heat storage medium is pressurized deionized water. This embodiment employs a staged heating strategy for heat exchange between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium.

[0049] When the temperature of the heat storage medium is in the low temperature range (50–100℃), the air compressor operates at full load, the exhaust flow rate remains at the maximum value, and the temperature of the heat storage medium rises rapidly, with a measured heating rate of up to 20℃ / h.

[0050] When the temperature of the heat storage medium is in the high-temperature range (100–185℃), the air compressor exhaust flow rate is reduced linearly according to the difference between the current temperature of the heat storage medium and the target temperature of 185℃, so as to avoid thermal shock and achieve stable temperature rise.

[0051] The entire preheating process is strictly controlled to be completed within 8 hours; after preheating, the temperature of the medium in the high-temperature water storage tank reaches 185°C and enters the heat storage state; the low-temperature water storage tank switches to the standby mode; if the air compressor fails and cannot provide a heat source, the electric heating unit preset on the tank wall is activated as a backup heat source for preheating; in this embodiment, the power of a single tank is 266 kW.

[0052] In step S2.1, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diagram shows the initial state and process flow of the thermal storage process. The process utilizes a nitrogen balance system to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance, with temperature compensation accuracy controlled within ±2℃. This includes pressure control and temperature compensation.

[0053] If the temperature difference ΔT between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is ≥5℃, the nitrogen flow rate is controlled to be ≤10 m / s. The nitrogen balance system dynamically increases the nitrogen flow rate in the connecting pipe to the set value. In this embodiment, the maximum value is set to be no more than 10 m / s. The control process follows the pressure priority principle, prioritizing ensuring that the pressure is stable within the design range, and then finely adjusting the nitrogen flow rate to transfer heat until the temperature difference converges to within ±2℃.

[0054] If the pressure difference ΔP between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa, the nitrogen injection volume is controlled by a proportional valve to keep the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank stable within 0.3 MPa, and the working pressure is maintained at 1.1–1.4 MPa.

[0055] In step S2.2, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows the initial state and process flow of the heat release process; the low-temperature, high-pressure air released from the gas storage tank flows through the high-temperature water in the expansion-side gas-water heat exchanger, absorbs heat and heats up, then drives the expansion-side gas-water heat exchanger to generate electricity; the inlet air temperature of the turbine (expansion-side gas-water heat exchanger) is monitored in real time.

[0056] If the temperature remains below 175°C for 5 minutes, the embedded auxiliary electric heater will be activated for supplementary heating: the initial supplementary heating power is set to 3% of the rated power of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger; if the inlet air temperature does not rise back to the 175°C threshold, the supplementary heating power will increase by 1% of the rated power of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger every 2 minutes, with the maximum supplementary heating power not exceeding 5% of the rated power of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger; when the inlet temperature stabilizes and recovers to ≥175°C, the supplementary heating power will be gradually reduced and the supplementary heating unit will be shut down.

[0057] In summary, the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system proposed in this embodiment solves the problems of low cold start efficiency and operating temperature fluctuations of the thermal storage tank through a phased preheating strategy and a dynamic temperature compensation mechanism. During the preheating stage, high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet is used to heat the low-temperature thermal storage medium, rapidly raising it from an initial temperature of 50°C to 185°C. During the operation stage, the pressure difference between the high and low tanks is adjusted through a nitrogen balance system, and the flow rate of the connecting pipe is controlled by real-time temperature feedback to achieve stable temperature of the thermal storage medium. This method significantly improves the system response speed, reduces cold start energy consumption by more than 35%, and ensures a thermal storage / release cycle efficiency of 92%, making it suitable for large-scale compressed air energy storage power plants.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] Based on the same inventive concept as Embodiment 1, this embodiment of the invention discloses a preheating and temperature compensation system for a compressed air energy storage system's thermal storage tank. It is applicable to the preheating and temperature compensation method for any compressed air energy storage system's thermal storage tank in Embodiment 1, and includes:

[0060] The preheating module is used to preheat the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank during the cold start of the compressed air energy storage system by using an air compressor and an expansion-side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature.

[0061] The temperature compensation module is used to: switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to charging standby mode after preheating, and perform temperature compensation.

[0062] During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance.

[0063] During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be activated to supplement the heat.

[0064] The specific functions of each module described above are explained in the relevant content of the method in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] Example 3:

[0066] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of a compressed air energy storage system as described in any of the embodiments in Example 1.

[0067] Example 4:

[0068] This embodiment provides a computer device, including:

[0069] Memory, used to store computer instructions;

[0070] A processor is configured to execute the computer instructions to implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system as described in any one of Embodiment 1.

[0071] Example 5:

[0072] This embodiment provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, characterized in that, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system as described in any one of Embodiment 1.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0074] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0077] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preheating and temperature compensation of a heat storage tank in a compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, include: When the compressed air energy storage system is cold-started, the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank is preheated by using an air compressor and an expansion-side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature. After preheating, switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to standby mode and perform temperature compensation: During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance. During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be activated to supplement the heat. The step-by-step heating strategy for heat exchange between high-temperature air and the heat storage medium includes: When the temperature of the heat storage medium is <100℃, the air compressor is adjusted to run at full load to quickly heat the heat storage medium with the maximum air flow. When the temperature of the heat storage medium is ≥100℃, the air compressor exhaust flow rate is reduced linearly according to the difference between the current temperature of the heat storage medium and the target temperature until the temperature of the heat storage medium reaches the target value. The method of using a nitrogen balance system to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance includes: If the temperature difference ΔT between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is ≥5℃, the nitrogen flow rate should be controlled to ≤10 m / s. If the pressure difference ΔP between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa, the nitrogen injection rate is controlled by a proportional valve to keep the pressure difference between the two tanks within 0.3 MPa.

2. The preheating and temperature compensation method for the heat storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supplementary heating power of the auxiliary electric heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference ratio, and shall not exceed 5% of the rated power of the expansion side gas-water heat exchanger.

3. The preheating and temperature compensation method for the heat storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the air compressor cannot provide a heat source, the electric heating unit pre-installed on the wall of the high-temperature water storage tank is activated for preheating.

4. The preheating and temperature compensation method for the heat storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage medium is pressurized deionized water, and the temperature compensation accuracy is controlled within ±2℃.

5. A system for implementing the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, include: The preheating module is used to preheat the heat storage medium in the low-temperature water storage tank during the cold start of the compressed air energy storage system by using an air compressor and an expansion-side heat exchanger: the high-temperature air from the air compressor outlet and the heat storage medium are introduced into the expansion-side heat exchanger, and a staged heating strategy is adopted to exchange heat between the high-temperature air and the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage medium rises from the initial temperature to the target temperature. The temperature compensation module is used to: switch the high-temperature water storage tank to operating mode and the low-temperature water storage tank to charging standby mode after preheating, and perform temperature compensation. During the thermal storage process, if the temperature difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the temperature threshold, or the pressure difference between the high-temperature water storage tank and the low-temperature water storage tank is greater than the pressure threshold, the nitrogen balance system is used to adjust the nitrogen flow rate and nitrogen injection volume to achieve dynamic temperature balance. During the heat release process, if the inlet air temperature of the expansion side air-water heat exchanger is lower than the heat release temperature threshold, the auxiliary electric heater will be activated to supplement the heat.

6. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the computer instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer instructions; A processor for executing the computer instructions to implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-4.

8. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the computer instructions implement the steps of the preheating and temperature compensation method for the thermal storage tank of the compressed air energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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