System for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on capacitor battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for improving reliability of a backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitor battery. The system comprises a two-way input module, an intelligent switching module, a hybrid energy storage module, a state monitoring module and a central control module. The two-way input module is connected with a main / standby power supply; the intelligent switching module adopts a redundant solid-state relay, and switching time less than or equal to 5ms and voltage fluctuation less than or equal to 3% are realized through a synchronous compensation technology; the hybrid energy storage module is composed of a supercapacitor and a lithium battery, the response time of the supercapacitor is less than 1ms to cope with instantaneous impact, the lithium battery provides continuous power supply, the output proportion is adjusted by a dynamic power distribution algorithm, and the error is less than or equal to 5%; the state monitoring module accurately monitors parameters through a redundancy mechanism; the central control module predicts a fault of the main power supply and triggers pre-switching. The problems of low switching speed, large voltage fluctuation and insufficient single energy storage response in the prior art are solved, and the power supply reliability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, and in particular to a system based on capacitor batteries to improve the reliability of backup power for power equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Backup power systems for electrical equipment are crucial for ensuring continuous power supply to critical electrical loads. Currently, traditional backup power systems mostly employ single-source power supply or simple dual-source switching schemes, with switching mechanisms generally relying on mechanical relays. However, mechanical relays have long turn-on and turn-off times, and are prone to arcing interference during switching, resulting in switching times exceeding 5ms and voltage fluctuations greater than 5%, which is insufficient to meet the millisecond-level uninterrupted switching requirements of high-reliability electrical equipment. Furthermore, existing energy storage systems typically use a single battery bank as a backup power source. While providing continuous energy output, their slow response speed (usually exceeding 10ms) cannot effectively cope with instantaneous power surges caused by load changes (response time requirement <1ms), leading to frequent voltage drops and seriously threatening the stability of electrical equipment operation.

[0003] Meanwhile, traditional systems lack intelligent predictive capabilities for power status, failing to anticipate and switch in advance before a main power source failure, further reducing power supply continuity. Existing energy storage systems also suffer from inefficient energy distribution strategies; a single energy storage device struggles to balance the conflicting demands of instantaneous power compensation and long-term energy supply, leading to frequent battery charging and discharging, accelerated battery lifespan degradation, and increased system maintenance costs. These shortcomings limit the reliable operation of power equipment under complex conditions such as grid failures, necessitating a backup power system capable of rapid switching, efficient energy distribution, and intelligent predictive capabilities.

[0004] Existing mechanical relays typically have switching times exceeding 5ms and voltage fluctuations exceeding 5%. In contrast, the intelligent switching module of this invention employs a solid-state relay redundancy design, achieving a switching time of ≤5ms and voltage fluctuations of ≤3%, significantly improving switching reliability. Traditional single energy storage systems have response times exceeding 10ms, making them unable to cope with instantaneous power surges. This invention effectively resolves energy supply contradictions by having a supercapacitor bank (response time <1ms) work in conjunction with a lithium battery bank, combined with a dynamic power allocation algorithm (allocation error ≤5%). Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and propose a system based on capacitor batteries to improve the reliability of backup power for power equipment. This system can shorten the power switching time to less than 5ms and control the voltage fluctuation to less than 3%. It achieves efficient allocation between instantaneous power surges (response time <1ms) and continuous energy supply through a hybrid energy storage module that works in conjunction with supercapacitor banks and lithium battery banks. Based on an adaptive switching algorithm and a power state prediction model, it can predict main power failures in advance and trigger pre-switching to ensure power supply continuity. At the same time, it optimizes the charging and discharging efficiency of energy storage units through a dynamic power allocation strategy, extends battery life, and reduces system maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a system for improving the reliability of backup power supplies for power equipment based on capacitor batteries, comprising: a dual-input module, an intelligent switching module, a hybrid energy storage module, a status monitoring module, and a central control module; the dual-input module is connected to the main power supply (AC220V) and the backup power supply (DC48V) respectively, and its output terminal is connected to the two input terminals of the intelligent switching module; the intelligent switching module includes a first switching unit and a second switching unit, each switching unit having an independent control signal input terminal and a load output terminal; the hybrid energy storage module is connected to the charging input terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply respectively through a bidirectional DC-DC (Direct Current to Direct Current Converter), and its output terminal is connected to the third input terminal of the intelligent switching module; the input terminals of the status monitoring module are connected to the main power supply, the backup power supply, the hybrid energy storage module, and the load respectively, and its output terminal is connected to the monitoring signal input terminal of the central control module; the switching control signal output terminal of the central control module is connected to the two control signal input terminals of the intelligent switching module respectively.

[0007] Preferably, the switching logic of the intelligent switching module is as follows: when the main power supply is normal, the central control module connects the main power supply output terminal to the load through the control signal of the first switching unit; when the main power supply fails but the backup power supply is normal, the central control module connects the backup power supply output terminal to the load through the control signal of the second switching unit; when both the main power supply and the backup power supply fail, the central control module triggers the hybrid energy storage module to supply power and controls the switching unit to connect the energy storage output terminal to the load.

[0008] Preferably, the central control module integrates an adaptive switching algorithm, including: real-time acquisition of main power supply voltage, backup power supply remaining capacity, energy storage unit (State of Charge, SOC) and load current; establishing a power state prediction model based on historical data, triggering pre-switching in advance when the main power supply voltage is lower than the threshold and the predicted fault probability exceeds 80%; and dynamically adjusting the switching response time to 5-15ms through a fuzzy PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller.

[0009] Preferably, the energy distribution strategy of the hybrid energy storage module is as follows: the supercapacitor bank bears the instantaneous power surge of the load (response time < 1ms), and the lithium battery bank provides continuous energy output; the dynamic power distribution algorithm adjusts the output ratio of the two in real time according to the load current change rate (di / dt), and the distribution error is ≤ 5%.

[0010] Preferably, the status monitoring module includes: a multi-channel isolation sampling circuit (isolation voltage 5kV) to collect the main power supply voltage (accuracy 0.1%), the remaining capacity of the backup power supply (accuracy 2%), the SOC of the energy storage unit (accuracy 3%), and the load current (accuracy 0.5%) respectively; the fault diagnosis module detects sampling abnormalities through a three-mode redundancy comparison mechanism, and automatically switches to the redundant channel when a single channel fails.

[0011] Preferably, the central control module supports: communicating with the power distribution automation master station via RS485 (Recommended Standard 485) bus, receiving remote configuration commands and uploading real-time status data; displaying power status, energy storage unit SOC and fault codes on the local human-machine interface; and automatically starting the constant current-constant voltage charging process of the energy storage unit after the main power is restored.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent switching module adopts a redundant design: each switching unit contains two independent solid state relays (SSRs) connected in parallel, with a conduction impedance of <50mΩ; during the switching process, voltage fluctuation is ≤3% and switching time is ≤5ms through synchronous compensation technology.

[0013] Preferably, the hybrid energy storage module comprises: a supercapacitor bank (125F / 2.7V) and a lithium iron phosphate battery bank (3.2V×16 series), which realizes bidirectional energy flow through a bidirectional DC-DC converter; the adaptive charging algorithm dynamically adjusts the charging current (0.1C-0.8C (C is the charge / discharge rate, full name: Capacity Rate)) according to the battery temperature (-40℃ to +60℃), and the voltage difference of individual cells is kept <5mV through active balancing technology.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Millisecond-level fast switching and low voltage fluctuation By employing redundant design (dual solid-state relays in parallel) and synchronous compensation technology in the intelligent switching module, the power switching time is ≤5ms, and the voltage fluctuation during the switching process is ≤3%. This completely solves the problems of slow switching speed (>5ms) and large voltage fluctuation (>5%) caused by arc interference in traditional mechanical relays, ensuring that power equipment can switch seamlessly during power failures and avoiding the risk of operation interruption or restart.

[0015] 2. Hybrid energy storage is optimized to balance instantaneous response and continuous power supply. A hybrid energy storage module employing a supercapacitor bank (response time <1ms) and a lithium battery bank (continuous energy output) is used. The output ratio of the two is adjusted in real time through a dynamic power allocation algorithm (allocation error ≤5%). The supercapacitor bank absorbs the power surge of sudden load changes, while the lithium battery provides a stable energy supply. This solves the contradiction between insufficient response speed and energy supply in a single energy storage system, and significantly improves the system's dynamic response capability and energy utilization efficiency.

[0016] 3. Intelligent prediction and adaptive switching enhance power supply continuity. Based on a power state prediction model and fuzzy PID controller using historical data, the system analyzes the main power supply voltage, load demand, and energy storage unit SOC in real time. When the probability of main power supply failure exceeds 80%, it triggers pre-switching and adaptively adjusts the switching response time (5-15ms) to avoid the risk of main power supply failure in advance and significantly reduce the probability of power outages caused by switching delays.

[0017] 4. Extends battery life and reduces maintenance costs The dynamic power allocation strategy, combined with the adaptive charging algorithm (constant current-constant voltage charging and active balancing technology), optimizes the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries, reduces instantaneous high current surges, controls the voltage difference of individual cells to <5mV, effectively suppresses battery pack aging, extends the service life of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and reduces system operation and maintenance costs.

[0018] 5. High-reliability redundancy design and precise monitoring The intelligent switching module adopts a parallel design of redundant solid-state relays, which can still guarantee the switching function when a single relay fails. The status monitoring module achieves accurate monitoring of power parameters and automatic switching in case of anomalies through multi-channel isolated sampling (accuracy 0.1%-3%) and a three-mode redundancy comparison mechanism, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system under complex working conditions.

[0019] 6. Remote intelligent management and efficient operation and maintenance The central control module supports RS485 communication and interconnection with the power distribution automation master station to realize remote status monitoring, parameter configuration and fault early warning; the local human-machine interface displays the power status and fault codes in real time, simplifying the operation and maintenance process and improving the maintainability and intelligence level of the backup power system for power equipment.

[0020] 7. Wide temperature range adaptability and high stability Through adaptive charging algorithms and active balancing technology, the system operates stably within the range of -40℃ to +60℃, with a single-cell voltage difference of <5mV and a 30% increase in battery life, making it suitable for backup power supply scenarios for power equipment in extreme environments.

[0021] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-switching system architecture for a system based on capacitor batteries to improve the reliability of backup power for power equipment, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] See Figure 1 This invention includes: a main structure. Working process of this invention: The present invention discloses a system for improving the reliability of backup power for power equipment based on capacitor batteries, which is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings during operation.

[0024] See Figure 1 A system for improving the reliability of backup power for power equipment based on capacitor batteries includes: a dual-input module, an intelligent switching module, a hybrid energy storage module, a status monitoring module, and a central control module. The dual-input module is connected to a main power supply (AC220V) and a backup power supply (DC48V) respectively, and its output is connected to two inputs of the intelligent switching module. The intelligent switching module includes a first switching unit and a second switching unit, each with an independent control signal input and a load output. The hybrid energy storage module is connected to the charging inputs of the main power supply and the backup power supply via a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and its output is connected to a third input of the intelligent switching module. The status monitoring module's inputs are connected to the main power supply, the backup power supply, the hybrid energy storage module, and the load, and its output is connected to the monitoring signal input of the central control module. The switching control signal output of the central control module is connected to two control signal inputs of the intelligent switching module.

[0025] Example 1: The dual-input module connects the main power supply (AC220V) and the backup power supply (DC48V). It converts the main power supply to DC through a rectifier and filter circuit and processes it together with the backup power supply. The intelligent switching module contains two independent switching units, each consisting of a high-speed solid-state relay (SSR). The turn-on and turn-off times are both less than 1ms, ensuring fast contactless switching. The switching units adopt a redundant design to ensure that the switching function can still be maintained when a single SSR fails. The switching logic is implemented by the central control module through control signals, and the voltage fluctuation is controlled within 3% using synchronous compensation technology.

[0026] The hybrid energy storage module is equipped with a 125F supercapacitor bank with a rated voltage of 2.7V, which works in conjunction with a battery pack consisting of 16 3.2V lithium iron phosphate batteries connected in series. A bidirectional DC-DC converter enables bidirectional energy flow. The supercapacitor bank handles instantaneous power surges from the load with a response time of less than 1ms. The lithium battery pack provides continuous and stable energy output. The energy distribution strategy is based on a dynamic power distribution algorithm, adjusting the output ratio of the two batteries in real time according to the load current change rate, with the distribution error controlled within 5%. The status monitoring module includes a multi-channel isolated sampling circuit and a fault diagnosis module. The sampling circuit uses a high-precision ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) chip with an acquisition accuracy of 0.01%. The fault diagnosis module detects sampling anomalies using algorithms based on threshold judgment and pattern recognition, ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0027] The central control module is the core of the entire system. It adopts a high-performance microcontroller unit (MCU) and a real-time operating system (RTOS). It is responsible for receiving data from the status monitoring module, executing adaptive switching algorithms and energy distribution strategies, and issuing switching control signals. The adaptive switching algorithm is based on fuzzy logic control theory and dynamically adjusts the switching strategy according to the power supply status, load demand, and historical data to ensure the reliability and response speed of the system. At the same time, the central control module also supports communication with the power distribution automation master station via RS485 bus to realize remote configuration and status data upload.

[0028] The energy allocation strategy employs an optimization algorithm to dynamically adjust the output ratio based on the remaining capacity, charge / discharge efficiency, and load demand of the supercapacitor bank and lithium iron phosphate battery bank. The strategy takes into account the battery's charge / discharge efficiency and lifespan, and solves for the optimal output ratio by establishing an objective function and constraints to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

[0029] Example 2: This invention optimizes remote monitoring and management. The central control module establishes stable communication with the power distribution automation master station via RS485 bus, enabling remote configuration and status data upload. Maintenance personnel can monitor power status, energy storage unit SOC, and fault codes in real time through the master station interface, and perform remote fault diagnosis and early warning. At the same time, the system is also equipped with a local human-machine interface, which uses an LCD screen to display the system status in real time and supports button operation for parameter setting and fault query, improving the system's ease of use and maintainability.

[0030] In large-scale power equipment, the hybrid energy storage module and central control module of this system play a crucial role. The hybrid energy storage module is equipped with a high-capacity supercapacitor bank and a lithium iron phosphate battery bank, and achieves efficient energy conversion and distribution through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. Under the high energy consumption requirements of large-scale equipment, the hybrid energy storage module can quickly respond to load changes and provide stable power output. The central control module adopts a high-performance embedded system, which can process a large amount of data in real time and dynamically adjust the energy distribution strategy according to load demand to ensure the efficient operation of the system. At the same time, the central control module also supports remote monitoring and fault early warning functions, providing convenient management tools for operation and maintenance personnel and improving the maintainability of the system.

[0031] In complex power management scenarios, the status monitoring module and central control module of this system demonstrate powerful automatic identification and management capabilities. The status monitoring module, through multi-channel isolated sampling circuits and fault diagnosis modules, can monitor power status and load demand in real time, providing accurate data support for the central control module. The central control module then dynamically adjusts switching strategies based on this data, automatically identifying and managing multiple input power sources to ensure that each load receives a stable and reliable power supply. In addition, the system also supports intelligent load management, which can dynamically adjust the output power according to the actual needs of the load to maximize energy utilization. In complex power management scenarios, these functions of this system provide strong support for the stable operation of power equipment.

[0032] In summary, this system for improving the reliability of backup power for power equipment based on capacitor batteries solves the traditional switching problems through the redundant design and synchronous compensation technology of the intelligent switching module. Each switching unit of the intelligent switching module consists of two solid-state relays connected in parallel, with a turn-on and turn-off time of less than 1ms and a switching time of ≤5ms. During switching, the synchronous compensation technology controls voltage fluctuations to ≤3%. When the main power supply fails, the central control module quickly controls the switching unit to switch the power supply, ensuring stable operation of the equipment and avoiding equipment interruption due to switching problems.

[0033] Furthermore, this system, which improves the reliability of backup power for power equipment based on capacitor batteries, addresses the shortcomings of single energy storage systems with its hybrid energy storage module. The supercapacitor bank has a response time of <1ms, handling instantaneous power surges; the lithium iron phosphate battery bank provides continuous energy output; the dynamic power allocation algorithm adjusts the output ratio of the two in real time according to the load current change rate, with an allocation error of ≤5%; the bidirectional DC-DC converter enables bidirectional energy flow; and the adaptive charging algorithm protects the battery, improving energy allocation efficiency, extending battery life, and ensuring reliable operation of power equipment. This system solves the problems of: 1) traditional switching mechanisms being unable to respond quickly to main power failures within 5ms, and voltage fluctuations exceeding 5% during switching, leading to equipment interruption; and 2) single energy storage systems being unable to simultaneously meet instantaneous power surges (response time <1ms) and continuous power supply requirements, resulting in low energy allocation efficiency and easy battery life degradation.

[0034] Example 3: When the grid voltage suddenly drops to 70% of its rated value, the status monitoring module detects an anomaly in the main power supply. The central control module analyzes the power status prediction model based on historical data and predicts a failure probability of 85%, immediately triggering a pre-switching command. The intelligent switching module switches to the backup power supply within 3ms, with a voltage fluctuation of only 2.5%, and the load power supply is not interrupted. In the hybrid energy storage module, the supercapacitor bank responds to load changes within 0.8ms, absorbing the instantaneous power surge, and the lithium battery pack then provides stable output, with the dynamic power distribution error controlled within 4%.

[0035] Example 4: At -40℃, the adaptive charging algorithm adjusts the lithium battery charging current to 0.1C to avoid battery damage caused by low-temperature lithium plating. At +60℃, the charging current is dynamically adjusted to 0.5C. Combined with active balancing technology, the voltage difference of individual cells is stabilized within 3mV, and the cycle life of the battery pack is improved by 30%.

[0036] The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for improving reliability of backup power supply for electrical power equipment based on a capacitive battery, characterized by: The utility model relates to a kind of intelligent switching power supply system, including: Dual-input module, intelligent switching module, hybrid energy storage module, state monitoring module and central control module; The dual-input module is respectively connected with the main power supply with rated voltage AC220V and the backup power supply with rated voltage DC48V, and the output end is connected with the two input ends of intelligent switching module; The intelligent switching module includes first switching unit and second switching unit, and each switching unit has independent control signal input end and load output end; The hybrid energy storage module is connected with the charging input end of main power supply and backup power supply through bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the output end is connected with the third input end of intelligent switching module; The input end of state monitoring module is connected with main power supply, backup power supply, hybrid energy storage module and load respectively, and the output end is connected with the monitoring signal input end of central control module; The switching control signal output end of central control module is connected with the two control signal input ends of intelligent switching module respectively.

2. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching logic of intelligent switching module is as follows: When main power supply is normal, central control module makes main power supply output end communicate with load through first switching unit control signal; When main power supply fails but backup power supply is normal, central control module makes backup power supply output end communicate with load through second switching unit control signal; When main power supply and backup power supply both fail, central control module triggers hybrid energy storage module to supply power and controls switching unit to communicate energy storage output end with load.

3. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central control module integrates adaptive switching algorithm, including: Real-time acquisition of main power supply voltage, backup power supply remaining capacity, energy storage unit SOC and load current; establish power supply state prediction model based on historical data, the model takes main power supply voltage fluctuation historical data, load current change rate and environmental temperature as input characteristics, predicts main power supply failure probability; when main power supply voltage is lower than 85% of rated voltage and predicted failure probability exceeds 80%, trigger pre-switching; dynamically adjust switching response time to 5-15ms through fuzzy PID controller.

4. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy distribution strategy of hybrid energy storage module is that supercapacitor group bears load transient power impact, and response time is less than 1ms; lithium battery group provides continuous energy output; dynamic power distribution algorithm adjusts output proportion of supercapacitor group and lithium battery group in real time according to load current change rate di / dt, and distribution error is not more than 5%.

5. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The state monitoring module includes: multi-channel isolated sampling circuit, isolated voltage is 5kV, and main power supply voltage, backup power supply remaining capacity, energy storage unit SOC and load current are collected respectively; fault diagnosis module detects sampling anomaly through three-mode redundant comparison mechanism, and automatically switches to redundant channel when single-channel fails.

6. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: The central control module supports: communicating with power distribution automation master station through RS485 bus, receiving remote configuration instruction and uploading real-time state data; local man-machine interface displays power supply state, energy storage unit SOC and fault code; after main power supply is restored, automatically start energy storage unit constant-current-constant-voltage charging process.

7. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: The intelligent switching module adopts a redundant design: each switching unit contains two independent solid-state relays in parallel, the on-resistance of the solid-state relays is less than 50 mΩ, and each switching unit controls the voltage fluctuation to be not more than 3% and the switching time to be not more than 5 milliseconds through a synchronous compensation technique during the switching process.

8. The system for improving reliability of backup power supply of power equipment based on a capacitive battery according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: The hybrid energy storage module contains a super capacitor group with a capacity of 125 F and a rated voltage of 2.7 V, and a battery group composed of 16 single lithium iron phosphate batteries with a voltage of 3.2 V connected in series, and realizes bidirectional energy flow through a bidirectional DC-DC converter; the adaptive charging algorithm dynamically adjusts the charging current to be 0.1 C to 0.8 C according to the battery temperature in the range of -40℃ to +60℃, and the voltage difference of the single battery is less than 5 mV through the active balancing technology.

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