Modular vertical subsurface flow wetland pool system based on intelligent monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of recirculating aquaculture, and discloses a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland pool system based on intelligent monitoring, aquaculture tail water is physically filtered and then uniformly distributed to the head end of a treatment unit, and sequentially flows through different filler layers to remove different types of pollutants, so that the treatment efficiency is improved. The sensor nodes automatically collect water quality data according to a specified time interval, continuously monitor the blockage condition of each filler layer, send the collected data to the cloud control platform in real time, collect and store the data, and analyze and process the data by the cloud control platform. The regulation and control instruction for automatically regulating the aeration intensity and the carbon source adding amount is issued to an execution unit, a control equipment execution operation system periodically starts an air-water backwashing program, a maintenance requirement is prompted by combining an early warning mechanism, water subjected to multi-layer purification is collected and discharged, separated eutrophic sludge is subjected to regular centralized treatment, and the treatment efficiency is improved. And regular harvesting and resource utilization are realized, so that sustainable circulation of purification, output and reuse is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of recirculating aquaculture, and in particular to a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands are a water treatment technology that simulates the ecological functions of natural wetlands. They mainly consist of a substrate layer, aquatic plants, a microbial community, and a hydraulic control system. Their purification mechanism is based on the synergistic effects of physical, chemical, and biological processes: the substrate retains suspended solids and heavy metals through adsorption, filtration, and ion exchange; plant roots secrete oxygen to create an aerobic-anaerobic microenvironment, promoting nitrification and denitrification reactions while absorbing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus; and microorganisms form a biofilm on the surface of the packing material, degrading organic matter and participating in nitrogen and phosphorus conversion.

[0003] However, traditional vertical subsurface flow wetlands suffer from the following drawbacks: traditional packing materials are prone to clogging and have limited functionality; nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency decreases over time, and there is a lack of stratified synergistic purification designs targeting nitrogen and phosphorus forms; water quality monitoring relies on manual sampling, which cannot provide real-time feedback on pollutant distribution within the packing layer, leading to blind adjustments in aeration and carbon source addition, and a sharp drop in system efficiency at low winter temperatures; traditional pools have fixed structures, lack modularity, making maintenance difficult and unable to flexibly adapt to different scale requirements. While existing technologies propose stratified packing designs, they do not integrate intelligent monitoring and modular operation and maintenance, making it difficult to achieve stable and efficient purification. Constructed wetlands offer advantages such as low construction costs, simple operation and maintenance, and eco-friendliness, but they also have limitations such as large footprint, decreased efficiency at low temperatures, and susceptibility to clogging during long-term operation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a modular constructed wetland system that combines efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, resistance to shock loads, intelligent and precise regulation, low operation and maintenance costs, and high resource utilization, in order to solve the problems of short-circuiting and insufficient oxygen supply in horizontal flow wetlands and enhance nitrogen removal efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent detection, which solves at least one of the above problems.

[0006] This invention provides a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent detection, the system comprising: Step S1: After physical filtration, the aquaculture wastewater is evenly distributed to the head end of the treatment unit. In step S2, the filtered aquaculture wastewater flows sequentially through different packing layers to remove different types of pollutants. Step S3: Real-time capture of water quality changes drives the cloud control platform to automatically adjust aeration intensity and carbon source dosage; Step S4: The system periodically starts the air-water backwashing procedure and uses an early warning mechanism to indicate maintenance needs. Step S5: Collect and discharge the water that has undergone multi-stage purification, and regularly centrally treat the separated nutrient-rich sludge. Step S6 involves regularly harvesting and utilizing resources to form a sustainable cycle of "purification-production-reuse".

[0007] As a further technical solution, the working process of step S2 includes: In step S21, the water flows to the surface filler area, and the crop roots activate the surrounding filler, initially absorbing some substances and inhibiting algae growth. In step S22, water flows into the composite packing layer in the upper middle section, adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification. In step S23, the water flow continues to enter the slow-release carbon source layer at the lower end of the middle layer, driving sulfur autotrophic denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal; In step S24, the water flow is further filtered through the support layer to remove tiny suspended solids, balance the water flow distribution, and regulate dissolved oxygen through the microporous aeration system to create a stable anoxic environment for the upper denitrification process.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the working process of step S3 includes: Step S31: The sensor nodes automatically collect water quality data at preset time intervals and continuously monitor the blockage of each packing layer. Step S32: The collected data is sent to the cloud control platform in real time for data collection and storage; Step S33: The cloud control platform analyzes and processes the data, and sends the control instructions for automatically adjusting the aeration intensity and carbon source dosage to the execution unit to control the equipment to perform the operation. In step S34, the sensor node continuously monitors the water quality changes after the command is executed and feeds the new data back to the cloud control platform. The system then automatically optimizes subsequent control parameters based on the control effect.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the method for analyzing and processing the data includes:

[0010]

[0011]

[0012] in, To remove the load from the surface of contaminants, For nitration rate, For denitrification rate, The system's inlet water flow rate, The initial concentration of the influent. The concentration of the effluent. Let be the horizontal surface area of ​​the system. This refers to the ammonia nitrogen concentration. This refers to the nitrate concentration. This represents the packing volume of the packing layer. This represents the total packing volume of the system. Unit of time.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the process of adjusting the aeration intensity includes: The collected data is transmitted to the cloud control platform in real time, and the real-time data is compared with the preset threshold. The direction and magnitude of the aeration intensity adjustment are determined according to the built-in rules. When the concentration of the decisive substance in the upper middle layer is greater than the preset high concentration threshold, and the concentration of the specified substance in the upper middle layer is less than the preset threshold, an instruction to increase the aeration intensity is generated. When the concentration of the decisive substance in the lower middle layer exceeds a fixed concentration threshold, an instruction to reduce the aeration intensity is generated. When the concentration of the specified substance in the lower middle layer is less than a fixed threshold, and the key factor value in the lower middle layer is less than a preset threshold, a micro-aeration intensity command is generated. The cloud-based control platform sends decision-making instructions to the executing agencies, which then make precise adjustments based on the instructions.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the process of adjusting the amount of carbon source added includes: The sensor monitors the concentration of key substances in real time and transmits the collected concentration data to the cloud control platform. When the concentration of key substances in the lower middle layer exceeds a fixed threshold, a carbon source dosing instruction is generated, and the dosing amount is initially calculated based on the content of the influencing substances and the influent flow rate. When a continuous upward trend in the concentration of a key substance is detected, a preventative carbon source addition instruction is generated to replenish the carbon source in small quantities in advance.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the method for calculating the dosage includes:

[0016] in, To the appropriate amount of carbon source added, The target concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed. In order to be in The current concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed at any given time. In order to be in The inflow rate at any given time The effective carbon content of the selected carbon source. Stoichiometric coefficients This refers to carbon source utilization efficiency.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the backwashing procedure in step S4 includes the following steps: The system switches its operating program, stops the aquaculture wastewater from entering the module to be flushed, and closes the normal outlet valve of the module to be flushed. In the initial stage of backwashing, air washing is used. A high-pressure blower is started to make the gas surge strongly upward from the bottom of the packing, impacting the packing particles and causing the biofilm attached to its surface and the trapped solid pollutants to be peeled off. After the air washing stage has lasted for a specified time, the air circuit is shut off and the backwash water pump is switched on to inject pre-stored clean water upward from the bottom water distribution pipe at a high flow rate. The water flow will flush out the pollutants that have been loosened by the air washing from the packing layer and carry them to the upper water body for discharge. After the water washing stage lasts for a specified period, a final air-water combined flush is performed. The appropriate air-water ratio is selected according to the type of packing layer. At the same time, the blower and water pump are started, and a short-term synergistic flush is performed using a lower pressure and flow rate to further scrub the packing surface and ensure that the contaminants are completely suspended.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the implementation of the early warning mechanism in step S4 includes: When the pressure difference of a certain packing layer is detected to be greater than or equal to a fixed pressure difference threshold, a first-level blockage warning is triggered. When the pressure differential increase rate exceeds the preset safety threshold within a specified time, a level-two blockage warning is triggered; When the concentration of a key substance exceeds a fixed concentration threshold for a preset number of cycles, a carbon source shortage warning is triggered. When the purification efficiency of a certain packing layer is detected to drop to a preset effective purification efficiency threshold, a warning is triggered.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the method for calculating the purification efficiency of the packing layer includes:

[0020] in, For the filler layer to resist pollutants Purification efficiency For pollutants in wastewater entering the packing layer concentration, Pollutants in wastewater when flowing out of the packing layer The concentration.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention provides a stratified functional packing material ratio and modular replacement technology to achieve precise water quality control. Through a stratified combination of modified zeolite-sulfur-iron composite packing material and polylactic acid slow-release carbon source, it targets and removes different forms of pollutants in aquaculture effluent, improving the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The packing material frame adopts a slot-type modular design, supporting segmented replacement. Users can flexibly adjust the packing material ratio according to the influent water quality, avoiding the efficiency reduction problem caused by the traditional "one-size-fits-all" packing material in wetlands, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0022] 2. This invention designs a multi-level sensor-cloud-based intelligent diagnostic system to achieve full lifecycle operation and maintenance. By pre-embedding water quality sensor nodes every 50cm depth in the packing layer, combined with temperature and humidity probes and packing pressure drop sensors, data is collected in real time and transmitted to the cloud platform. The system analyzes the purification efficiency of each layer based on machine learning algorithms, transforming the "black box" operation of constructed wetlands into transparent intelligent management, thus improving the speed of operation and maintenance response.

[0023] 3. This invention organically combines wastewater purification with resource recycling, transforming a "treatment burden" into a "production resource," greatly improving the system's economy and sustainability. Crop residues are anaerobically fermented to produce organic fertilizer for backfilling the system, realizing the recycling of materials within the system and ultimately constructing a closed-loop model of "wastewater purification - crop output - resource reuse." Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the references to "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0028] This invention discloses a modular vertical subsurface flow wetland pool system based on intelligent monitoring. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: Step S1: After physical filtration, the aquaculture wastewater is evenly distributed to the head end of the treatment unit. In step S2, the filtered aquaculture wastewater flows sequentially through different packing layers to remove different types of pollutants. Step S3: Real-time capture of water quality changes drives the cloud control platform to automatically adjust aeration intensity and carbon source dosage; Step S4: The system periodically starts the air-water backwashing procedure and uses an early warning mechanism to indicate maintenance needs. Step S5: Collect and discharge the water that has undergone multi-stage purification, and regularly centrally treat the separated nutrient-rich sludge. Step S6 involves regularly harvesting and utilizing resources to form a sustainable cycle of "purification-production-reuse".

[0029] In this embodiment, the working process of step S2 includes: A 10cm thick layer of PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) particles is evenly injected into the surface layer. The biodegradability and adsorption properties of PHA are used to pre-remove organic matter and keep the surface dry to inhibit the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. The tank's interior consists of four layers of functional packing material from top to bottom: a surface layer of PHA granules for pre-filtration, an upper middle layer of modified zeolite-magnetic biochar (nitrifying bacteria load), a lower middle layer of sulfur-iron composite packing material-polylactic acid slow-release carbon source (denitrification enhancement), and a bottom layer of volcanic rock support. A centrally embedded multi-level sensor system monitors pollutant concentrations (NH3-N, NO3-) in real time. - TP) and dissolved oxygen; In step S21, the water flows to the surface filler area, and the crop roots activate the surrounding filler, initially absorbing some substances and inhibiting algae growth. In step S22, water flows into the composite packing layer in the upper middle section, adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification. In step S23, the water flow continues to enter the slow-release carbon source layer at the lower end of the middle layer, driving sulfur autotrophic denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal; In step S24, the water flow is further filtered through the support layer to remove tiny suspended solids, balance the water flow distribution, and regulate dissolved oxygen through the microporous aeration system to create a stable anoxic environment for the upper denitrification process.

[0030] Multi-parameter probes (monitoring NH3-N and NO3) are installed every 50cm in the packing layer. - (TP, DO, pH); Wireless transmission module: Data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time, and control instructions (such as aeration intensity and carbon source dosage) are generated through algorithms. In this embodiment, the working process of step S3 includes: Step S31: The sensor nodes automatically collect water quality data at preset time intervals and continuously monitor the blockage of each packing layer. Step S32: The collected data is sent to the cloud control platform in real time for data collection and storage; Step S33: The cloud control platform analyzes and processes the data, and sends the control instructions for automatically adjusting the aeration intensity and carbon source dosage to the execution unit to control the equipment to perform the operation. In step S34, the sensor node continuously monitors the water quality changes after the command is executed and feeds the new data back to the cloud control platform. The system then automatically optimizes subsequent control parameters based on the control effect.

[0031] In this embodiment, the method for analyzing and processing the data includes:

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] in, To remove the load from the surface of contaminants, For nitration rate, For denitrification rate, The system's inlet water flow rate, The initial concentration of the influent. The concentration of the effluent. Let be the horizontal surface area of ​​the system. This refers to the ammonia nitrogen concentration. This refers to the nitrate concentration. This represents the packing volume of the packing layer. This represents the total packing volume of the system. Unit of time; , , and Dimensionless operations are performed between them, and similarly, all the following formulas are also dimensionless operations.

[0035] In this embodiment, the process of adjusting the aeration intensity includes: The collected data is transmitted to the cloud control platform in real time, and the real-time data is compared with the preset threshold. The direction and magnitude of the aeration intensity adjustment are determined according to the built-in rules. When the nitrate concentration in the upper part of the middle layer is greater than 10 mg / L and the DO concentration in the upper part of the middle layer is less than 2.0 mg / L, an instruction to increase the aeration intensity is generated. When the nitrate concentration in the lower middle layer exceeds 5 mg / L, an instruction to reduce the aeration intensity is generated. When the DO concentration in the lower middle layer is less than 0.5 mg / L and the ORP value in the lower middle layer is less than -200 mV, a micro-aeration intensity command is generated. The cloud-based control platform sends decision-making instructions to the executing agencies, which then make precise adjustments based on the instructions.

[0036] In this embodiment, the process of adjusting the amount of carbon source added includes: The sensor monitors nitrate concentration in real time and transmits the collected concentrations of key substances to the cloud control platform; When the nitrate concentration in the lower section of the middle layer is greater than 5 mg / L, a carbon source dosing instruction is generated, and the dosing amount is initially calculated based on the content of the influencing substances and the influent flow rate. When a continuous upward trend in nitrate concentration is detected, a preventative carbon source addition instruction is generated to replenish the carbon source in small quantities in advance.

[0037] In this embodiment, the method for calculating the dosage includes:

[0038] in, To the appropriate amount of carbon source added, The target concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed. In order to be in The current concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed at any given time. In order to be in The inflow rate at any given time The effective carbon content of the selected carbon source. Stoichiometric coefficients This refers to carbon source utilization efficiency.

[0039] The wetland bottom is integrated with a water / air distribution device, which consists of a backwash aeration disc (0.5mm aperture) and a ring water distribution pipe. During operation, water and air rise from the bottom in the same direction. The air-water ratio (1:3~1:5) is controlled by PLC. This achieves uniform air distribution to promote denitrification of deep packing material, and high-pressure aeration (0.3MPa) can be started periodically for backwashing to prevent packing material from caking. In this embodiment, the backwashing procedure in step S4 includes the following steps: The system switches its operating program, stops the aquaculture wastewater from entering the module to be flushed, and closes the normal outlet valve of the module to be flushed. In the initial stage of backwashing, air washing is used. A high-pressure blower is started to make the gas surge strongly upward from the bottom of the packing, impacting the packing particles and causing the biofilm attached to its surface and the trapped solid pollutants to be peeled off. After the air washing stage lasts for 30 seconds, the air circuit is closed and the backwash water pump is switched on to inject the pre-stored clean water upward from the bottom water distribution pipe at a high flow rate. The water flow will flush out the pollutants that have been loosened by the air washing from the packing layer and carry them to the upper water body for discharge. After the water washing stage lasts for 60 seconds, a final air-water combined flush is performed. The appropriate air-water ratio is selected according to the type of packing layer. At the same time, the blower and water pump are started, and a lower pressure and flow rate are used to perform a 30-second synergistic flush to further scrub the packing surface and ensure that the contaminants are completely suspended.

[0040] In this embodiment, the implementation of the early warning mechanism in step S4 includes: When a pressure difference of 15 kPa or more is detected in a certain packing layer, a first-level blockage warning is triggered. When the pressure difference increase rate exceeds 10% within 1 hour, a level 2 blockage warning is triggered; When the nitrate concentration is greater than 8 mg / L for three consecutive cycles, a carbon source insufficiency warning is triggered. When the purification efficiency of a certain packing layer is detected to drop to 15% of the preset effective purification efficiency, a warning is triggered.

[0041] In this embodiment, the method for calculating the purification efficiency of the packing layer includes:

[0042] in, For the filler layer to resist pollutants Purification efficiency For pollutants in wastewater entering the packing layer concentration, Pollutants in wastewater when flowing out of the packing layer The concentration.

[0043] The system's modular design supports rapid assembly and disassembly. Combined with the rotation of surface economic crops (water spinach / water celery) and regular discharge of sludge from the cone bottom, it achieves an annual nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of ≥92% and reduces operating energy consumption by 35%. It is suitable for the intensive treatment and resource recovery of high-load aquaculture wastewater.

[0044] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring, characterized in that, The system includes the following steps: Step S1: After physical filtration, the aquaculture wastewater is evenly distributed to the head end of the treatment unit. In step S2, the filtered aquaculture wastewater flows sequentially through different packing layers to remove different types of pollutants. Step S3: Real-time capture of water quality changes drives the cloud control platform to automatically adjust aeration intensity and carbon source dosage; Step S4: The system periodically starts the air-water backwashing procedure and uses an early warning mechanism to indicate maintenance needs. Step S5: Collect and discharge the water that has undergone multi-stage purification, and regularly centrally treat the separated nutrient-rich sludge. Step S6 involves regularly harvesting and utilizing resources to form a sustainable cycle of "purification-production-reuse".

2. The modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working process of step S2 includes: In step S21, the water flows to the surface filler area, and the crop roots activate the surrounding filler, initially absorbing some substances and inhibiting algae growth. In step S22, water flows into the composite packing layer in the upper middle section, adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification. In step S23, the water flow continues to enter the slow-release carbon source layer at the lower end of the middle layer, driving sulfur autotrophic denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal; In step S24, the water flow is further filtered through the support layer to remove tiny suspended solids, balance the water flow distribution, and regulate dissolved oxygen through the microporous aeration system to create a stable anoxic environment for the upper denitrification process.

3. The modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working process of step S3 includes: Step S31: The sensor nodes automatically collect water quality data at preset time intervals and continuously monitor the blockage of each packing layer. Step S32: The collected data is sent to the cloud control platform in real time for data collection and storage; Step S33: The cloud control platform analyzes and processes the data, and sends the control instructions for automatically adjusting the aeration intensity and carbon source dosage to the execution unit to control the equipment to perform the operation. In step S34, the sensor node continuously monitors the water quality changes after the command is executed and feeds the new data back to the cloud control platform. The system then automatically optimizes subsequent control parameters based on the control effect.

4. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The methods for analyzing and processing the data include: ； ； ； in, To remove the load from the surface of contaminants, For nitration rate, For denitrification rate, The system's inlet water flow rate, The initial concentration of the influent. The concentration of the effluent. Let be the horizontal surface area of ​​the system. This refers to the ammonia nitrogen concentration. This refers to the nitrate concentration. This represents the packing volume of the packing layer. This represents the total packing volume of the system. Unit of time.

5. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the aeration intensity includes: The collected data is transmitted to the cloud control platform in real time, and the real-time data is compared with the preset threshold. The direction and magnitude of the aeration intensity adjustment are determined according to the built-in rules. When the concentration of the decisive substance in the upper middle layer is greater than the preset high concentration threshold, and the concentration of the specified substance in the upper middle layer is less than the preset threshold, an instruction to increase the aeration intensity is generated. When the concentration of the decisive substance in the lower middle layer exceeds a fixed concentration threshold, an instruction to reduce the aeration intensity is generated. When the concentration of the specified substance in the lower middle layer is less than a fixed threshold, and the key factor value in the lower middle layer is less than a preset threshold, a micro-aeration intensity command is generated. The cloud-based control platform sends decision-making instructions to the executing agencies, which then make precise adjustments based on the instructions.

6. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the amount of carbon source added includes: The sensor monitors the concentration of key substances in real time and transmits the collected concentration data to the cloud control platform. When the concentration of key substances in the lower middle layer exceeds a fixed threshold, a carbon source dosing instruction is generated, and the dosing amount is initially calculated based on the content of the influencing substances and the influent flow rate. When a continuous upward trend in the concentration of a key substance is detected, a preventative carbon source addition instruction is generated to replenish the carbon source in small quantities in advance.

7. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent detection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for calculating the dosage includes: ； in, To the appropriate amount of carbon source added, The target concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed. In order to be in The current concentration of the key substance that needs to be removed at any given time. In order to be in The inflow rate at any given time The effective carbon content of the selected carbon source. Stoichiometric coefficients This refers to carbon source utilization efficiency.

8. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backwashing procedure in step S4 includes the following steps: The system switches its operating program, stops the aquaculture wastewater from entering the module to be flushed, and closes the normal outlet valve of the module to be flushed. In the initial stage of backwashing, air washing is used. A high-pressure blower is started to make the gas surge strongly upward from the bottom of the packing, impacting the packing particles and causing the biofilm attached to its surface and the trapped solid pollutants to be peeled off. After the air washing stage has lasted for a specified time, the air circuit is shut off and the backwash water pump is switched on to inject pre-stored clean water upward from the bottom water distribution pipe at a high flow rate. The water flow will flush out the pollutants that have been loosened by the air washing from the packing layer and carry them to the upper water body for discharge. After the water washing stage lasts for a specified period, a final air-water combined flush is performed. The appropriate air-water ratio is selected according to the type of packing layer. At the same time, the blower and water pump are started, and a short-term synergistic flush is performed using a lower pressure and flow rate to further scrub the packing surface and ensure that the contaminants are completely suspended.

9. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation methods of the early warning mechanism in step S4 include: When the pressure difference of a certain packing layer is detected to be greater than or equal to a fixed pressure difference threshold, a first-level blockage warning is triggered. When the pressure differential increase rate exceeds the preset safety threshold within a specified time, a level-two blockage warning is triggered; When the concentration of a key substance exceeds a fixed concentration threshold for a preset number of cycles, a carbon source shortage warning is triggered. When the purification efficiency of a certain packing layer is detected to drop to a preset effective purification efficiency threshold, a warning is triggered.

10. A modular vertical subsurface flow wetland system based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for calculating the purification efficiency of the packing layer includes: ； in, For this packing layer to resist pollutants Purification efficiency For pollutants in wastewater entering the packing layer concentration, Pollutants in wastewater when flowing out of the packing layer The concentration.

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