Lightweight nano uniform dispersion reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a light-weight nanometer uniform dispersion reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity not lower than 99.5% as an aluminum matrix raw material, and selecting a nanometer reinforced phase with the particle size of 10-100 nm, and the mass fraction of the nanometer reinforced phase is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite; according to the method, special pretreatment is carried out on the nanometer reinforced phase, the surface property of the nanometer reinforced phase is effectively improved, the surface energy of the nanometer reinforced phase is reduced, the nanometer reinforced phase is more easily dispersed in the aluminum melt, the nanometer reinforced phase is added at a constant speed in an inert gas current-carrying mode when added, and the synergistic effect of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring is combined, so that the mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring efficiency is improved. And uniform dispersion and distribution of the nano reinforced phase in the aluminum matrix are further ensured, so that the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano reinforced phase is avoided, the reinforced phase can fully play a reinforcing role, and the comprehensive performance of the composite material is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal material preparation technology, specifically to a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum-based composite material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based composites have shown great application potential in many fields such as aerospace, automotive industry and electronic equipment due to their advantages such as low density, high specific strength and good processing performance. However, in the current preparation process of aluminum-based composites, due to the small particle size and large specific surface area of ​​the nanoscale reinforcing phase, it is easy to agglomerate in the aluminum matrix, making it difficult to achieve uniform dispersion. The agglomerated reinforcing phase not only cannot effectively play a reinforcing role, but also becomes a source of stress concentration inside the material, reducing the overall performance of the material. At the same time, the traditional preparation process is complicated to operate, has high production cost, and is difficult to achieve industrial mass production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. By utilizing the low-density characteristics of the nano-reinforcement phase and its uniform distribution in the aluminum matrix, the material's performance is improved without significantly increasing its density, thus achieving lightweighting. This lightweight aluminum matrix composite material has significant application value in weight-sensitive fields such as aerospace and automotive industries, helping to reduce the weight of components, improve energy efficiency, and lower operating costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Select aluminum ingots with a purity of not less than 99.5% as the aluminum matrix raw material, and select nano-reinforcing phases with a particle size of 10-100nm. The mass fraction of the nano-reinforcing phases is 0.5%-5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material. S2. Raw material pretreatment a. Aluminum ingot processing: Cut the aluminum ingots into blocks, remove the surface oxide layer, clean them with anhydrous ethanol, and then place them in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80-100℃ for 8-10 hours. b. Nano-reinforced phase treatment: The nano-reinforced phase is placed in anhydrous ethanol and dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion; 5%-10% of the mass of the nano-reinforced phase is added to the dispersion to carry out the reaction; after the reaction is completed, the precipitate is extracted by centrifugation at 8000-10000 r / min, and the precipitate is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 80-100℃ for 6-8 h to obtain the modified nano-reinforced phase; S3. Preparation of Aluminum Melt a. Smelting: The cut aluminum ingots are placed in a graphite crucible in a resistance melting furnace and smelted under an argon protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum. b. Refining and impurity removal: Add refining agent to the aluminum melt and refine it for 15-20 minutes at a temperature of 720-740℃ and a stirring speed of 70-80 r / min; after refining, let it stand for 20-25 minutes to remove the slag on the surface of the aluminum melt. S4. Addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phase: The modified nano-reinforcing phase is added to the aluminum melt at a constant rate through an inert gas carrier, while mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring are performed simultaneously for 30-40 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite melt with uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase. S5. Molding and Heat Treatment a. Molding: The aluminum-based composite melt is injected into a metal mold preheated to 200-300℃ by gravity casting. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum-based composite material billet is obtained. b. Heat treatment: The aluminum matrix composite billet is subjected to solution aging treatment at a temperature of 500-550℃ and held for 2-4 hours before water quenching to room temperature; then it is aged at 150-200℃ for 3-7 hours and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the nano-reinforcing phase is one or more combinations of alumina, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, in step S2b, the ultrasonic disperser has a power of 400-600W, a frequency of 30-45kHz, and a dispersion time of 35-45min; the silane coupling agent is KH-550, the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 2-4h.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3a, the melting temperature is controlled at 700-750℃ and the holding time is 20-30min.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3b, the refining agent is a mixture of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, and the amount of refining agent added is 0.2%-0.4% of the mass of the aluminum melt.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the inert gas is argon, with a flow rate of 1-2 L / min and a feeding rate of 0.5-2 g / min.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the mechanical stirring speed is 500-800 r / min, and the ultrasonic stirring power is 600-800 W with a frequency of 25-35 kHz.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, in step S5b, water cooling is used during water quenching with a water flow rate of 0.5-1m / s to ensure uniform cooling of the billet.

[0012] A lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by a method for preparing lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0013] Application of a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in aerospace structural components and lightweight automotive parts.

[0014] Specifically, the lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of the present invention is applied to components such as the support beam of the fuselage frame and the leading edge skin of the wing. When in use, it is made into structural parts of a specific shape through casting or subsequent processing, such as milling and drilling, to replace traditional aluminum alloys, thereby reducing the overall load on the fuselage while ensuring the support strength.

[0015] The lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material described in this invention is applied to non-high-temperature core components such as fan casings and compressor stator blade outer rings of aero engines. When used, it is necessary to combine it with the surface precision of machining and grinding, and take advantage of the material's good strength and heat dissipation to withstand engine vibration loads while avoiding the impact on engine speed due to excessive weight.

[0016] The lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material described in this invention is applied to safety-related components such as automotive door anti-collision beams, roof crossbeams, and sill reinforcements. When used, it needs to be modularly cast according to the vehicle body design. The high hardness characteristics brought by its nano-reinforcing phase can absorb more energy during a collision, while the lightweight design can lower the center of gravity of the vehicle body and improve driving stability.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention effectively improves the surface properties of the nano-reinforcing phase and reduces its surface energy through special pretreatment, making it easier to disperse in molten aluminum. When adding the nano-reinforcing phase, an inert gas carrier is used for uniform addition at a constant rate, combined with the synergistic effect of mechanical and ultrasonic stirring, further ensuring the uniform dispersion of the nano-reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix. This avoids agglomeration of the nano-reinforcing phase, allowing it to fully exert its reinforcing effect and effectively improving the overall performance of the composite material. Furthermore, the uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase effectively hinders dislocation movement, enhancing the strength and hardness of the composite material. Simultaneously, a reasonable solution-aging heat treatment process further optimizes the microstructure of the composite material, significantly improving its strength, toughness, and other mechanical properties. The low density of the nano-reinforcing phase and its uniform distribution in the aluminum matrix improve material performance without significantly increasing density, thus achieving lightweighting. This lightweight aluminum-based composite material has significant application value in weight-sensitive fields such as aerospace and automotive industries, helping to reduce component weight, improve energy efficiency, and lower operating costs.

[0018] 2. This invention reduces the input costs of raw materials and equipment by using common raw materials and equipment, as well as a relatively simple preparation process, effectively improving the yield of finished materials and reducing the problem of increased scrap rate caused by complex preparation processes. This further reduces production costs and improves economic efficiency. In the entire preparation process, each link is carefully controlled and optimized. From the pretreatment of raw materials to the addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phases, and then to molding and heat treatment, each step has clear process parameters and operating requirements. This makes the preparation process highly stable and repeatable. The composite materials prepared in different batches have good performance consistency and can meet the requirements of industrial production for product quality stability. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Example 1: This invention provides a method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Aluminum ingots with a purity of not less than 99.5% are selected as aluminum matrix raw materials, and nano-reinforcing phases with a particle size of 10nm are selected. The mass fraction of the nano-reinforcing phase is 0.5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material. S2. Raw material pretreatment a. Aluminum ingot processing: Cut the aluminum ingots into blocks, remove the surface oxide layer, clean them with anhydrous ethanol, and then place them in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80°C for 8 hours. b. Nano-reinforced phase treatment: The nano-reinforced phase was placed in anhydrous ethanol and dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion; 5% by mass of silane coupling agent was added to the dispersion to carry out the reaction; after the reaction was completed, the precipitate was extracted by centrifugation at 8000 r / min and placed in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80℃ for 6 h to obtain the modified nano-reinforced phase; S3. Preparation of Aluminum Melt a. Smelting: The cut aluminum ingots are placed in a graphite crucible in a resistance melting furnace and smelted under an argon protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum. b. Refining and impurity removal: Add refining agent to the aluminum melt and refine it for 15 minutes at 720℃ with a stirring speed of 70 r / min; after refining, let it stand for 20 minutes to remove the slag on the surface of the aluminum melt. S4. Addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phase: The modified nano-reinforcing phase is added to the aluminum melt at a constant rate through an inert gas carrier, while mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring are performed simultaneously for 30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite melt with uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase. S5. Molding and Heat Treatment a. Molding: The aluminum-based composite melt is injected into a metal mold preheated to 200°C by gravity casting. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum-based composite material billet is obtained. b. Heat treatment: The aluminum matrix composite billet was subjected to solution aging treatment at a temperature of 500℃ and held for 2 hours before being water-quenched to room temperature; then it was aged at 150℃ for 3 hours and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0020] In step S1, the nano-reinforcing phase is alumina.

[0021] In step S2b, the ultrasonic disperser has a power of 400W, a frequency of 30kHz, and a dispersion time of 35min; the silane coupling agent is KH-550, the reaction temperature is 60℃, and the reaction time is 2h.

[0022] In step S3a, the melting temperature is controlled at 700℃ and the holding time is 20min.

[0023] In step S3b, the refining agent is a mixture of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, and the amount of refining agent added is 0.2% of the mass of the aluminum melt.

[0024] In step S4, argon is used as the inert gas, with a flow rate of 1 L / min and a feeding rate of 0.5 g / min.

[0025] The feature is that in step S4, the mechanical stirring speed is 500 r / min, and the ultrasonic stirring power is 600 W with a frequency of 25 kHz.

[0026] In step S5b, water cooling is used during water quenching with a flow rate of 0.5 m / s to ensure uniform cooling of the billet.

[0027] A lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by a method for preparing lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0028] Application of a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in aerospace structural components and lightweight automotive parts.

[0029] Example 2: This invention provides a method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Aluminum ingots with a purity of not less than 99.5% are selected as the aluminum matrix raw material, and nano-reinforcing phases with a particle size of 55nm are selected. The mass fraction of the nano-reinforcing phase is 2.5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material. S2. Raw material pretreatment a. Aluminum ingot processing: Cut the aluminum ingots into blocks, remove the surface oxide layer, clean them with anhydrous ethanol, and then place them in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 90°C for 9 hours. b. Nano-reinforced phase treatment: The nano-reinforced phase was placed in anhydrous ethanol and dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion; 7.5% by mass of silane coupling agent was added to the dispersion to carry out the reaction; after the reaction was completed, the precipitate was extracted by centrifugation at 9000 r / min, and the precipitate was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 90℃ for 7 h to obtain the modified nano-reinforced phase; S3. Preparation of Aluminum Melt a. Smelting: The cut aluminum ingots are placed in a graphite crucible in a resistance melting furnace and smelted under an argon protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum. b. Refining and impurity removal: Add refining agent to the aluminum melt and refine it for 17 minutes at 730℃ with a stirring speed of 75r / min; after refining, let it stand for 22 minutes to remove the slag on the surface of the aluminum melt. S4. Addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phase: The modified nano-reinforcing phase is added to the aluminum melt at a constant rate through an inert gas carrier, while mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring are performed simultaneously for 35 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite melt with uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase. S5. Molding and Heat Treatment a. Molding: The aluminum-based composite melt is injected into a metal mold preheated to 250°C by gravity casting. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum-based composite material billet is obtained. b. Heat treatment: The aluminum matrix composite billet was subjected to solution aging treatment at a temperature of 525℃ and held for 3 hours before being water-quenched to room temperature; then it was aged at 175℃ for 5 hours and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0030] In step S1, the nano-reinforcing phase is carbon nanotubes.

[0031] In step S2b, the ultrasonic disperser has a power of 500W, a frequency of 37kHz, and a dispersion time of 40min; the silane coupling agent is KH-550, the reaction temperature is 70℃, and the reaction time is 3h.

[0032] In step S3a, the melting temperature is controlled at 725℃ and the holding time is 25min.

[0033] In step S3b, the refining agent is a mixture of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, and the amount of refining agent added is 0.3% of the mass of the aluminum melt.

[0034] In step S4, argon is used as the inert gas, with a flow rate of 1.5 L / min and a feeding rate of 1.25 g / min.

[0035] The feature is that in step S4, the mechanical stirring speed is 650 r / min, and the ultrasonic stirring has an ultrasonic power of 700 W and a frequency of 30 kHz.

[0036] In step S5b, water cooling is used during water quenching with a flow rate of 0.75 m / s to ensure uniform cooling of the billet.

[0037] A lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by a method for preparing lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0038] Application of a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in aerospace structural components and lightweight automotive parts.

[0039] Example 3: This invention provides a method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Select aluminum ingots with a purity of not less than 99.5% as the aluminum matrix raw material, and select nano-reinforcing phases with a particle size of 100nm. The mass fraction of the nano-reinforcing phase is 5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material. S2. Raw material pretreatment a. Aluminum ingot processing: Cut the aluminum ingots into blocks, remove the surface oxide layer, clean them with anhydrous ethanol, and then place them in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 100°C for 10 hours. b. Nano-reinforced phase treatment: The nano-reinforced phase was placed in anhydrous ethanol and dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion; 10% of the mass of the nano-reinforced phase was added to the dispersion to carry out the reaction; after the reaction was completed, the precipitate was separated by centrifugation at 10000 r / min and placed in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 100℃ for 8 h to obtain the modified nano-reinforced phase; S3. Preparation of Aluminum Melt a. Smelting: The cut aluminum ingots are placed in a graphite crucible in a resistance melting furnace and smelted under an argon protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum. b. Refining and impurity removal: Add refining agent to the aluminum melt and refine it at 740℃ with a stirring speed of 80r / min for 20min; after refining, let it stand for 25min to remove the slag on the surface of the aluminum melt. S4. Addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phase: The modified nano-reinforcing phase is added to the aluminum melt at a constant rate through an inert gas carrier, while mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring are performed simultaneously for 40 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite melt with uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase. S5. Molding and Heat Treatment a. Molding: The aluminum-based composite melt is injected into a metal mold preheated to 300°C by gravity casting. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum-based composite material billet is obtained. b. Heat treatment: The aluminum matrix composite billet was subjected to solution aging treatment at a temperature of 550℃ and held for 4 hours before being water-quenched to room temperature; then it was aged at 200℃ for 7 hours and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0040] In step S1, the nano-reinforcing phase is silicon carbide.

[0041] In step S2b, the ultrasonic disperser has a power of 600W, a frequency of 45kHz, and a dispersion time of 45min; the silane coupling agent is KH-550, the reaction temperature is 80℃, and the reaction time is 4h.

[0042] In step S3a, the melting temperature is controlled at 750℃ and the holding time is 30min.

[0043] In step S3b, the refining agent is a mixture of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, and the amount of refining agent added is 0.4% of the mass of the aluminum melt.

[0044] In step S4, argon is used as the inert gas, with a flow rate of 2 L / min and a feeding rate of 2 g / min.

[0045] The feature is that in step S4, the mechanical stirring speed is 800 r / min, and the ultrasonic stirring power is 800 W with a frequency of 35 kHz.

[0046] In step S5b, water cooling is used during water quenching with a flow rate of 1 m / s to ensure uniform cooling of the billet.

[0047] A lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by a method for preparing lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0048] Application of a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in aerospace structural components and lightweight automotive parts.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Select aluminum ingots with a purity of not less than 99.5% as the aluminum matrix raw material, and select nano-reinforcing phases with a particle size of 10-100nm. The mass fraction of the nano-reinforcing phases is 0.5%-5% of the total mass of the aluminum matrix composite material. S2. Raw material pretreatment a. Aluminum ingot processing: Cut the aluminum ingots into blocks, remove the surface oxide layer, clean them with anhydrous ethanol, and then place them in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80-100℃ for 8-10 hours. b. Nano-reinforced phase treatment: The nano-reinforced phase is placed in anhydrous ethanol and dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion; 5%-10% of the mass of the nano-reinforced phase is added to the dispersion to carry out the reaction; after the reaction is completed, the precipitate is extracted by centrifugation at 8000-10000 r / min, and the precipitate is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 80-100℃ for 6-8 h to obtain the modified nano-reinforced phase; S3. Preparation of Aluminum Melt a. Smelting: The cut aluminum ingots are placed in a graphite crucible in a resistance melting furnace and smelted under an argon protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum. b. Refining and impurity removal: Add refining agent to the aluminum melt and refine it for 15-20 minutes at a temperature of 720-740℃ and a stirring speed of 70-80 r / min; after refining, let it stand for 20-25 minutes to remove the slag on the surface of the aluminum melt. S4. Addition and dispersion of nano-reinforcing phase: The modified nano-reinforcing phase is added to the aluminum melt at a constant rate through an inert gas carrier, while mechanical stirring and ultrasonic stirring are performed simultaneously for 30-40 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite melt with uniformly dispersed nano-reinforcing phase. S5. Molding and Heat Treatment a. Molding: The aluminum-based composite melt is injected into a metal mold preheated to 200-300℃ by gravity casting. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum-based composite material billet is obtained. b. Heat treatment: The aluminum matrix composite billet is subjected to solution aging treatment at a temperature of 500-550℃ and held for 2-4 hours before water quenching to room temperature; then it is aged at 150-200℃ for 3-7 hours and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

2. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the nano-reinforcing phase is one or more combinations of alumina, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes.

3. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2b, the ultrasonic disperser has a power of 400-600W, a frequency of 30-45kHz, and a dispersion time of 35-45min; the silane coupling agent is KH-550, the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 2-4h.

4. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3a, the melting temperature is controlled at 700-750℃ and the holding time is 20-30min.

5. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3b, the refining agent is a mixture of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, and the amount of refining agent added is 0.2%-0.4% of the mass of the aluminum melt.

6. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, argon is used as the inert gas, with a flow rate of 1-2 L / min and a feeding rate of 0.5-2 g / min.

7. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the mechanical stirring speed is 500-800 r / min, and the ultrasonic stirring power is 600-800 W with a frequency of 25-35 kHz.

8. The method for preparing a lightweight, uniformly dispersed, nano-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5b, water cooling is used during water quenching, with a water flow rate of 0.5-1 m / s to ensure uniform cooling of the billet.

9. A lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of a lightweight nano-uniformly dispersed reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as described in claim 9 in aerospace structural components and lightweight automotive parts.