Planting mode and matching device of corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified mulch species

Abstract

The application discloses a corn conservation tillage coupled diversified mulching crop planting mode and a matching device, belongs to the technical field of conservation tillage planting, and comprises a rack system, wherein the rack system comprises a main beam and a fixing plate, the upper end of the fixing plate is installed at the lower end of the main beam, a crushing device is installed at the lower end of the fixing plate, a collecting device is installed at the front end of the crushing device along the running direction of the equipment, a plurality of groups of the collecting device are arranged, the plurality of groups of the collecting device are installed at the front end of the crushing device, a conveying device is installed at the lower end of the crushing device, and the conveying device extends to the rear side of the rack system; the straw mulching and diversified mulching crop cooperative planting mode can significantly enhance the soil erosion resistance, effectively utilize the light and heat resources, promote the input of diversified organic matters and the nutrient circulation, optimize the soil ecological environment, improve the microbial community diversity, and improve the soil health condition, thereby providing an effective way for building a healthy tillage layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of protective tillage planting, and particularly relates to a corn protective tillage coupling diversified mulch planting mode and a matching device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing corn straw full coverage unequal row spacing planting mode is achieved by planting corn in narrow rows and covering straw in wide rows. This mode can improve light energy utilization, ventilation and light transmission, effectively improve soil permeability and arability, and reduce wind and water erosion. Through the alternate planting of wide rows and narrow rows, the soil fertility is improved and restored. In order to meet the requirements of protective tillage, the straw needs to be fully covered on the ground surface to achieve the effects of soil moisture preservation, soil erosion reduction and surface soil loss reduction. However, in order to avoid the influence of straw on the sowing quality and corn emergence before sowing, a specific cleaning device is needed to clean the straw in the sowing row. After sowing, the sowing row needs to be covered with straw again, which is complicated to operate. At the same time, under high-intensity utilization, corn is planted for a long time, the soil biodiversity decreases, and the structure and function of the farmland ecosystem are imbalanced. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the corn protective tillage coupling diversified mulch planting mode and the matching device are provided to at least partially solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the application provides a matching device for corn protective tillage coupling diversified mulch planting, which comprises a rack system, the rack system comprising a main beam and a fixed plate, the upper end of the fixed plate being installed at the lower end of the main beam, the lower end of the fixed plate being provided with a crushing device, the crushing device being provided with a collecting device at the front end in the direction of the device travel, the collecting device being provided with a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of the collecting device being installed at the front end of the crushing device, the crushing device being provided with a conveying device at the lower end, and the conveying device extending to the rear side of the rack system.

[0006] The collecting device is internally provided with a ring linkage poking assembly, which comprises a fixed ring, a mounting ring and a driving disc, the fixed ring is internally provided with a driving gear, the mounting ring is coaxially arranged on the outer circumferential side of the fixed ring, both ends of the mounting ring are provided with limiting plates, a slot hole one is formed on the outer lateral wall of the fixed ring, a slot hole two is formed on the upper wall of the fixed ring, the slot hole two penetrates the upper end of the limiting plate and the upper wall of the mounting ring, the driving disc is movably connected in the slot hole one of the outer lateral wall of the fixed ring, a driven gear is arranged on the outer lateral wall of the driving disc, the driven gear is engaged with the driving gear, a plurality of sets of poking rods are evenly arranged on the upper wall of the driving disc in a ring shape, the poking rods movably penetrate the slot hole two, a poking roller is movably arranged on the outer lateral wall of the mounting ring, a plurality of sets of inclined grooves are formed on the inner lateral wall of the poking roller in a circumferential direction, and the upper end of the poking rod is movably connected in the inclined groove.

[0007] Among them, the side wall of the poking roller is fixedly connected with a driving rod, corresponding to two groups of driving rollers provided with driving gears in the middle, elastic members are arranged between adjacent two groups of driving rods, and the two ends of the elastic members are respectively abutted with adjacent driving rods, and a protective shell is arranged between the limiting plates on the adjacent two groups of mounting rings.

[0008] Among them, the crushing device comprises a crushing box, the collecting device further comprises a connecting plate, a conveying pipe, an elastic pipe, a connecting pipe, a V-shaped flow guide pipe and a lower collecting piece, one side of the connecting plate is connected with the side wall of the crushing box, the crushing box supports and fixes the connecting plate, the other side of the connecting plate is provided with a supporting ring, the connecting pipe is arranged on the supporting ring, and the supporting ring supports and fixes the connecting pipe, one end of the conveying pipe is arranged on the side wall of the crushing box and is connected with the crushing box, the crushing box supports and fixes the conveying pipe, the elastic member is arranged between the conveying pipe and the connecting pipe, and the two ends of the elastic member are connected with the connecting pipe and the conveying pipe, one end of the V-shaped flow guide pipe is connected with the connecting pipe, one end of the lower collecting piece is connected with the other end of the V-shaped flow guide pipe, and the lower end of the lower collecting piece is arranged on the ground of the seeding row and can recycle the straw covered on the ground of the seeding row.

[0009] Further, a slot hole three is formed on the upper end of the elastic pipe, a mounting seat is fixedly connected on the connecting plate, the lower end of the mounting seat penetrates the slot hole three and is arranged in the elastic pipe, the ring linkage poking assembly is movably arranged in the elastic pipe, the lower end of the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the fixed ring, the driving gear is movably arranged on the side wall of the mounting seat, a first motor is further fixed on the connecting plate, and the output end of the first motor is connected with the driving gear through a shaft coupling; the first motor can drive the driving gear to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, the crushing device further includes a hydraulic rod, a push plate, a crushing blade, a drop plate, an output port, and an inclined plate. The fixed end of the hydraulic rod is located on the upper wall of the crushing box, and the movable end of the hydraulic rod is located inside the crushing box. The push plate is movably located inside the crushing box and connected to the movable end of the hydraulic rod. The crushing blade is installed on the bottom wall of the push plate. The drop plate is located inside the crushing box and below the crushing blade. The drop plate has a grid to facilitate the falling of straw. The inclined plate is installed inside the crushing box and below the drop plate. The output port is located on the rear side of the crushing box and below the inclined plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a connecting frame is installed on the rear side wall of the main beam. The conveying device includes a second motor, a mounting plate, a conveyor belt, a drive roller, a driven roller, and a guide plate. The second motor is installed on the outer side wall of the crushing box. The drive roller is movably installed inside the crushing box and located at the lower end of the inclined plate. The output shaft end of the second motor is connected to the drive roller. The mounting plate is located on the connecting frame. The driven roller and the guide plate are both installed at the lower end of the mounting plate. The conveyor belt passes through the output port and is movably sleeved on the drive roller and the driven roller. The lower end of the guide plate is located on the upper wall of the conveyor belt.

[0012] The main beam has support arms installed at both ends, and drive wheels are movably installed at the lower end of the support arms. Multiple sets of stubble breakers and furrow openers are installed at the lower end of the main beam. The number of stubble breakers and furrow openers is the same as the number of collecting devices, and they are placed in matching positions. The collecting devices are used to collect the straw at the front end of the stubble breakers and furrow openers.

[0013] Furthermore, a seed box is installed on the connecting frame, containing seeds of different crops. A seed metering device is also installed on the connecting frame, with its upper end connected to the lower end of the seed box. A depth-limiting wheel is installed on the bottom wall of the connecting frame away from the stubble-breaking furrow opener. The stubble-breaking furrow opener is located at the front end of the depth-limiting wheel, and a disc furrow opener is installed between the depth-limiting wheels. The outlet end of the seed metering device is located behind the disc furrow opener, and the seeds in the seed metering device are placed in the furrow after furrowing.

[0014] The connecting frame is equipped with a soil covering wheel at the end away from the stubble-breaking trencher. The soil covering wheel is located at the rear end of the depth-limiting wheel, and the guide plate is located on the rear side of the soil covering wheel.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also proposes the application of a supporting device for maize conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover crop planting in a maize-cover crop zoned planting pattern, wherein the planting pattern includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: The following year, when planting, use the supporting equipment developed above to achieve simultaneous zoned sowing of corn and cover crops, adopting a "two rows planted, one row left empty" planting pattern. The corn sowing row spacing is 50-57 cm, the cover crops are planted in wide rows with a row spacing of 100-114 cm, and three rows of cover crops are sown in the wide rows with a row spacing of 30-35 cm. The corn sowing density is 60,000-65,000 plants / hectare, the cover crop sowing amount is 90-120 kg / hectare, the corn is fertilized with 750-900 kg / hectare of compound fertilizer, and no fertilizer is required at the cover crop sowing location.

[0017] Step 2: Use the corn-cover crop zoned spraying device to carry out post-emergence weeding in the corn planting area. The remaining field management is the same as conventional corn management.

[0018] Step 3: After the corn reaches full maturity, harvest it using a corn kernel harvester. During harvesting, leave some stalks in the field, with a stubble height of ≥25 cm and a stalk chopping length of ≤10 cm. After crushing, spread the stalks evenly on the ground, with a coverage of ≥90%. The remaining stalks are then baled and removed from the field. During the baling operation, the baler only enters the field once to reduce soil compaction and disturbance. After the corn is harvested, the cover crops continue to grow until they wither naturally, and the surface residue forms a winter cover layer, effectively inhibiting soil wind erosion.

[0019] Step 4: Implement crop rotation when planting the following year. In the first year, replace the corn rows with cover crops and replace the original cover crop rows with corn.

[0020] Step 5: The field management measures for the second year should remain the same as those for the first year, and the spatial layout of the crops should remain unchanged.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention after adopting the above structure are as follows:

[0022] (1) Integrating straw mulching and diversified cover crop planting patterns in the maize conservation tillage system, and achieving effective annual coverage of farmland surface through the coordinated implementation of alternate-year crop rotation and inter-row intercropping. This model increases the diversity of above-ground crops and rationally matches the crop planting structure. Under the "two-to-empty" model, the rational configuration of the horizontal space of maize and cover crops and the vertical height of crops maximizes the use of light and heat resources, improves photosynthetic efficiency, forms a local microclimate, and improves nutrient and water utilization efficiency.

[0023] (2) By coupling live cover crop mulch with straw residue mulch, the continuous input of nutrients from root exudates under live cover and the decomposition of crop residues significantly improve the decomposition rate of residues, providing diversified nutrient input and enhancing soil biodiversity. At the same time, the differences in growth stages, functional traits, and nutrient requirements of different types of cover crops will create complementary niche advantages, thereby enabling more nutrients to be preserved in the form of biological fixation, thus improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0024] (3) Combining cover crops with conservation tillage and using mixed planting methods effectively increases the biomass of beneficial organisms and the rate of soil nutrient mineralization, and enhances the ability to suppress soil pests. This planting method can also optimize the community function of soil microorganisms, promote the transfer of exogenous carbon to the soil biosource carbon pool, and thus significantly enhance the accumulation and sequestration capacity of soil organic carbon.

[0025] (4) The straw directional recycling, ring linkage conveying, crushing and synchronous covering are integrated, which solves the problem of cumbersome operation process and low connection efficiency caused by the separation of traditional equipment cleaning, crushing, sowing and covering. The entire process of sowing row can be completed in a single journey, which improves the operation efficiency.

[0026] (5) The ring linkage actuation component can avoid straw entanglement and adapt to the irregular shape of straw through the ring coordinated movement of multiple actuation rollers, combined with the guidance of the inclined groove and the push of the elastic element.

[0027] (6) The toggle trajectory of the ring linkage toggle component is a closed ring. Combined with the V-shaped guide tube and the directional collection of the lower collection component, the material can be pushed from the collection end to the conveying end without dead angles, reducing residue.

[0028] (7) The push roller and the straw are driven by point contact. Compared with the traditional surface friction push, the friction resistance is greatly reduced. The elastic element not only buffers the straw conveying resistance, but also absorbs the vibration and impact of field operations, reducing the wear of the drive rod and push roller. At the same time, multiple sets of push parts are subjected to force in stages, the starting impact is dispersed, the motor load is more uniform, more energy-saving, and the service life of the equipment power system is extended.

[0029] (8) The recycled straw is crushed and then covered with the sowing rows to form a moisture-retaining layer and reduce soil moisture evaporation; the decomposition of straw can increase soil organic matter and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing and collecting device proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion at point A;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the ring-shaped linkage actuation assembly proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the ring-shaped linkage actuation assembly proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the actuating roller proposed in this invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the ring-shaped linkage actuation assembly proposed in this invention. Figure 3 ;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission device proposed in this invention.

[0040] In the attached diagram: 1. Main beam; 2. Fixed plate; 3. Crushing device; 4. Collecting device; 5. Conveying device; 6. Annular linkage actuating assembly; 7. Fixed ring; 8. Mounting ring; 9. Drive disc; 10. Drive gear; 11. Limiting plate; 12. Slot one; 13. Slot two; 14. Driven gear; 15. Actuating rod; 16. Actuating roller; 17. Inclined groove; 18. Drive rod; 19. Elastic element; 20. Protective shell; 21. Crushing box; 22. Connecting plate; 23. Conveying pipe; 24. Elastic pipe; 25. Connecting... 26. Connector, V-shaped guide pipe, 27. Lower collection component, 28. Support ring, 29. Slot three, 30. Mounting base, 31. First motor, 32. Hydraulic rod, 33. Push plate, 34. Crushing blade, 35. Drop plate, 36. Output port, 37. Inclined plate, 38. Connecting frame, 39. Covering wheel, 40. Mounting plate, 41. Conveyor belt, 42. Drive roller, 44. Guide plate, 45. Support arm, 46. Drive wheel, 47. Stubble opener, 48. Seed box, 49. Seed metering device, 50. Depth limiting wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0043] In the first aspect, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, this invention proposes a supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting, including a frame system. The frame system includes a main beam 1 and a fixing plate 2. The upper end of the fixing plate 2 is installed at the lower end of the main beam 1. A crushing device 3 is installed at the lower end of the fixing plate 2. A collecting device 4 is installed at the front end of the crushing device 3 along the direction of travel of the equipment. Multiple sets of collecting devices 4 are provided and installed at the front end of the crushing device 3. A conveying device 5 is installed at the lower end of the crushing device 3 and extends to the rear side of the frame system.

[0044] The collecting device 4 is equipped with a ring-shaped linkage actuating assembly 6, which includes a fixed ring 7, a mounting ring 8, and a driving disc 9. A drive gear 10 is mounted on the fixed ring 7. The mounting ring 8 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixed ring 7, and limit plates 11 are mounted on both ends of the mounting ring 8. A slot 12 is formed on the outer wall of the fixed ring 7, and a slot 13 is formed on the upper wall of the fixed ring 7. The slot 13 penetrates the upper end of the limit plate 11 and the upper wall of the mounting ring 8. The driving disc 9... The drive disc 9 is movably engaged in the slot 12 on the outer wall of the fixed ring 7. A driven gear 14 is installed on the outer wall of the drive disc 9, which meshes with the driving gear 10. Multiple sets of actuating rods 15 are evenly and uniformly installed in a ring on the upper wall of the drive disc 9. The actuating rods 15 are movably connected through the slot 13. An actuating roller 16 is movably installed on the outer wall of the mounting ring 8. Multiple sets of inclined grooves 17 are opened circumferentially on the inner side wall of the actuating roller 16. The upper end of the actuating rod 15 can be movably engaged in the inclined groove 17.

[0045] The side wall of the agitator roller 16 is fixed with a drive rod 18. In addition to the two sets of drive rollers with a drive gear 10 in the middle, an elastic element 19 is provided between two adjacent sets of drive rods 18. The two ends of the elastic element 19 abut against the adjacent drive rods 18 respectively. A protective shell 20 is installed between the limiting plates 11 on the two adjacent sets of mounting rings 8.

[0046] It should be noted that initially, the drive rods 18 are all located outside the fixed ring 7, the elastic elements 19 are all in a stretched state, and the elastic tube 24 is also in a bulging state under the action of the drive rods 18 and the elastic elements 19, which facilitates the collection of more straw. When the frame system moves along the ground, the lower collecting part 27 is in contact with the ground, guiding the straw from the sowing row into the V-shaped guide pipe 26, and then through the connecting pipe 25 and the elastic tube 24 to the conveying pipe 23, and finally into the crushing box 21. When conveyed to the elastic tube 24, the first motor 31 works to drive the drive gear 10 to rotate. The drive gear 10 drives the driven gear 14 to rotate through meshing transmission. The driven gear 14 drives the drive disc 9 to rotate. The drive disc 9 drives the actuating rod 15 to move synchronously. After the moving rod 15 moves to the position of the mounting ring 8, it is engaged in the inclined groove 17 in the corresponding actuating roller 16. As the drive disc 9 continues to move, since the inclined groove 17 is inclined, the actuating rod 15 is inserted into the inclined groove 17 in sequence to drive the actuating roller 16. The actuating roller 16 rotates in a ring around the center of the mounting ring 8. When the actuating roller 16 rotates, it drives the drive rod 18 to rotate. The adjacent drive rod 18 drives the elastic element 19 between them to rotate. When the elastic element 19 rotates from the outside to the inside of the fixed ring 7 and then from the inside to the outside of the fixed ring 7, it can drive the straw in the elastic tube 24 and transport the straw through the conveying pipe 23 to the crushing box 21, promoting the recycling of straw and reducing the risk of blockage.

[0047] The crushing device 3 includes a crushing box 21, and the collecting device 4 further includes a connecting plate 22, a conveying pipe 23, an elastic pipe 24, a connecting pipe 25, a V-shaped guide pipe 26, and a lower collecting component 27. One side of the connecting plate 22 is connected to the side wall of the crushing box 21, and the crushing box 21 supports and fixes the connecting plate 22. A support ring 28 is installed on the other side of the connecting plate 22, and the connecting pipe 25 is installed on the support ring 28. The support ring 28 supports and fixes the connecting pipe 25. One end of the conveying pipe 23 is installed with... Located on the side wall of the crushing box 21 and connected through the crushing box 21, the crushing box 21 supports and fixes the conveying pipe 23. The elastic element 19 is located between the conveying pipe 23 and the connecting pipe 25, and its two ends are connected through the connecting pipe 25 and the conveying pipe 23 respectively. One end of the V-shaped guide pipe 26 is connected to the connecting pipe 25, and one end of the lower collecting element 27 is connected to the other end of the V-shaped guide pipe 26. The lower end of the lower collecting element 27 is set in close contact with the ground of the sowing row, which can recycle the straw covering the ground of the sowing row.

[0048] The upper end of the elastic tube 24 has a slot 29. A mounting base 30 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 22. The lower end of the mounting base 30 passes through the slot 29 and is located inside the elastic tube 24. The annular linkage actuating component 6 is movably located inside the elastic tube 24. The lower end of the mounting base 30 is fixedly connected to the fixing ring 7. The driving gear 10 is movably mounted on the side wall of the mounting base 30. A first motor 31 is also fixed on the connecting plate 22. The output end of the first motor 31 is connected to the driving gear 10 through a coupling. The first motor 31 can drive the driving gear 10 to rotate when it works.

[0049] The crushing device 3 further includes a hydraulic rod 32, a push plate 33, a crushing blade 34, a falling plate 35, an output port 36, and an inclined plate 37. The fixed end of the hydraulic rod 32 is located on the upper wall of the crushing box 21, and the movable end of the hydraulic rod 32 is located inside the crushing box 21. The push plate 33 is movably located inside the crushing box 21 and is connected to the movable end of the hydraulic rod 32. The crushing blade 34 is installed on the bottom wall of the push plate 33. The falling plate 35 is located inside the crushing box 21 and is located at the lower end of the crushing blade 34. The falling plate 35 is provided with a grid to facilitate the falling of straw. The inclined plate 37 is installed inside the crushing box 21 and is located at the lower end of the falling plate 35. The output port 36 is located on the rear side of the crushing box 21 and is located at the lower end of the inclined plate 37.

[0050] It should be noted that the straw conveyed in the conveying pipe 23 falls onto the drop plate 35. The hydraulic rod 32 drives the push plate 33 to move down, and the push plate 33 drives the crusher 34 to move down. The crusher 34 crushes the straw on the drop plate 35. The crushed straw falls from the drop plate 35 onto the inclined plate 37 and is guided by the inclined plate 37 to fall onto the conveying device 5.

[0051] A connecting frame 38 is installed on the rear side wall of the main beam 1. The conveying device 5 includes a second motor, a mounting plate 40, a conveyor belt 41, a drive roller 42, a driven roller, and a guide plate 44. The second motor is installed on the outer side wall of the crushing box 21. The drive roller 42 is movably installed inside the crushing box 21 and is located at the lower end of the inclined plate 37. The output shaft end of the second motor is connected to the drive roller 42. The mounting plate 40 is located on the connecting frame 38. The driven roller and the guide plate 44 are both installed at the lower end of the mounting plate 40. The conveyor belt 41 passes through the output port 36 and is movably sleeved on the drive roller 42 and the driven roller. The lower end of the guide plate 44 is located on the upper wall of the conveyor belt 41.

[0052] It should be noted that the crushed straw guided from the inclined plate 37 falls onto the upper wall of the conveyor belt 41. The second motor drives the active roller 42 to rotate, and the active roller 42 drives the conveyor belt 41 to move. The conveyor belt 41 carries the straw to the rear end of the frame system, where it covers the sowing rows under the action of the guide plate 44.

[0053] Support arms 45 are installed at both ends of the main beam 1. Drive wheels 46 are movably installed at the lower end of the support arms 45. Multiple sets of stubble breakers and furrow openers 47 are installed at the lower end of the main beam 1. The number of stubble breakers and furrow openers 47 is the same as the number of collecting devices 4, and they are placed in matching positions. The collecting devices 4 are used to collect the straw at the front end of the stubble breakers and furrow openers 47.

[0054] A seed box 48 is installed on the connecting frame 38, and a seed metering device 49 is also installed on the connecting frame 38. The upper end of the seed metering device 49 is connected to the lower end of the seed box 48. A depth-limiting wheel 50 is installed on the bottom wall of the end of the connecting frame 38 away from the stubble-breaking furrow opener 47. The stubble-breaking furrow opener 47 is located at the front end of the depth-limiting wheel 50. A disc furrow opener is installed between the depth-limiting wheels 50. The outlet end of the seed metering device 49 is located on the rear side of the disc furrow opener. After furrowing, the seeds in the seed metering device 49 are placed in the furrow.

[0055] A soil covering wheel 39 is also installed at the end of the connecting frame 38 away from the stubble-breaking trencher 47. The soil covering wheel 39 is located at the rear end of the depth-limiting wheel 50, and the guide plate 44 is located on the rear side of the soil covering wheel 39.

[0056] In a second aspect, the present invention also proposes the application of a supporting device for maize conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover crop planting in a maize-cover crop zoned planting pattern, wherein the planting pattern includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: The following year, when planting, use the supporting equipment developed above to achieve simultaneous zoned sowing of corn and cover crops, adopting a "two rows planted, one row left empty" planting pattern. The corn sowing row spacing is 50-57 cm, the cover crops are planted in wide rows with a row spacing of 100-114 cm, and three rows of cover crops are sown in the wide rows with a row spacing of 30-35 cm. The corn sowing density is 60,000 plants / hectare, the cover crop sowing amount is 90 kg / hectare, the corn is fertilized with 800 kg / hectare of compound fertilizer, and no fertilizer is required at the cover crop sowing location.

[0058] Step 2: Use the corn-cover crop zoned spraying device to carry out post-emergence weeding in the corn planting area. The remaining field management is the same as conventional corn management.

[0059] Step 3: After the corn reaches full maturity, harvest it using a corn kernel harvester. During harvesting, leave some stalks in the field, with a stubble height of ≥25 cm and a stalk chopping length of ≤10 cm. After crushing, spread the stalks evenly on the ground, with a coverage of ≥90%. The remaining stalks are then baled and removed from the field. During the baling operation, the baler only enters the field once to reduce soil compaction and disturbance. After the corn is harvested, the cover crops continue to grow until they wither naturally, and the surface residue forms a winter cover layer, effectively inhibiting soil wind erosion.

[0060] Step 4: Implement crop rotation when planting the following year. In the first year, replace the corn rows with cover crops and replace the original cover crop rows with corn.

[0061] Step 5: The field management measures for the second year should remain the same as those for the first year, and the spatial layout of the crops should remain unchanged.

[0062] The specific usage is as follows: The no-till seeder is connected to the tractor via a connecting device on the main beam 1. The tractor drives the no-till seeder to move. During the movement, the collecting device 4 collects the straw on the seeding row and transports it to the crushing device 3. The crushing device 3 crushes the straw and transports it to the rear end of the frame system via the conveying device 5. At the same time, the stubble opener 47 treats the field. The disc opener performs secondary furrowing. The seeding tube is located in the middle of the double discs through the depth limiting wheel 50. The seeds fall into the furrow. The covering wheel 39 pushes the soil at the edge of the covering layer back into the furrow. Then, the guide plate 44 covers the seeded seeding row with the crushed straw.

[0063] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art, inspired by this description, design similar structural methods and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting, characterized in that: The equipment includes a frame system comprising a main beam and a fixing plate. The upper end of the fixing plate is mounted on the lower end of the main beam, and a crushing device is mounted on the lower end of the fixing plate. A collecting device is mounted on the front end of the crushing device along the direction of travel. Multiple sets of collecting devices are provided and are mounted on the front end of the crushing device. A conveying device is mounted on the lower end of the crushing device and extends to the rear side of the frame system. The collecting device is equipped with a ring-shaped linkage actuation assembly, which includes a fixed ring, a mounting ring, and a drive disc. A drive gear is mounted on the fixed ring. The mounting ring is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixed ring, and limit plates are mounted on both ends of the mounting ring. A slot is formed on the outer wall of the fixed ring, and a slot is formed on the upper wall of the fixed ring. The slot is formed through the upper end of the limit plate and the upper wall of the mounting ring. The drive disc is movably engaged in the slot in the outer wall of the fixed ring. A driven gear is mounted on the outer wall of the drive disc, and the driven gear meshes with the drive gear. Multiple sets of actuation rods are evenly and uniformly installed in a ring on the upper wall of the drive disc. The actuation rods are movably engaged through the slot in the second slot. An actuation roller is movably mounted on the outer wall of the mounting ring. Multiple sets of inclined grooves are formed along the circumference on the inner wall of the actuation roller, and the upper end of the actuation rod can be movably engaged in the inclined groove. The side wall of the agitator roller is fixed with a drive rod. In addition to the two sets of drive rollers with a drive gear in the middle, an elastic element is provided between two adjacent sets of drive rods. The two ends of the elastic element abut against the adjacent drive rods respectively. A protective shell is installed between the limiting plates on the two adjacent sets of mounting rings. The crushing device includes a crushing box, and the collecting device further includes a connecting plate, a conveying pipe, an elastic pipe, a connecting pipe, a V-shaped guide pipe, and a lower collecting component. One side of the connecting plate is connected to the side wall of the crushing box, and a support ring is installed on the other side of the connecting plate. The connecting pipe is installed on the support ring. One end of the conveying pipe is installed on the side wall of the crushing box and is connected through the crushing box. The elastic component is located between the conveying pipe and the connecting pipe, and its two ends are connected through the connecting pipe and the conveying pipe, respectively. One end of the V-shaped guide pipe is connected to the connecting pipe, and one end of the lower collecting component is connected to the other end of the V-shaped guide pipe. The upper end of the elastic tube has a slot three. A mounting base is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. The lower end of the mounting base passes through the slot three and is located inside the elastic tube. The annular linkage actuating component is movably located inside the elastic tube. The lower end of the mounting base is fixedly connected to the fixed ring. The driving gear is movably mounted on the side wall of the mounting base. A first motor is also fixed on the connecting plate. The output end of the first motor is connected to the driving gear through a coupling.

2. The supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing device further includes a hydraulic rod, a push plate, a crushing blade, a drop plate, an output port, and an inclined plate. The fixed end of the hydraulic rod is located on the upper wall of the crushing box, and the movable end of the hydraulic rod is located inside the crushing box. The push plate is movably located inside the crushing box and connected to the movable end of the hydraulic rod. The crushing blade is installed on the bottom wall of the push plate. The drop plate is located inside the crushing box and below the crushing blade. The inclined plate is installed inside the crushing box and below the drop plate. The output port is located on the rear side of the crushing box and below the inclined plate.

3. The supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting frame is installed on the rear side wall of the main beam. The conveying device includes a second motor, a mounting plate, a conveyor belt, a drive roller, a driven roller, and a guide plate. The second motor is installed on the outer side wall of the crushing box. The drive roller is movably installed inside the crushing box and located at the lower end of the inclined plate. The output shaft end of the second motor is connected to the drive roller. The mounting plate is located on the connecting frame. The driven roller and the guide plate are both installed at the lower end of the mounting plate. The conveyor belt passes through the output port and is movably sleeved on the drive roller and the driven roller. The lower end of the guide plate is located on the upper wall of the conveyor belt.

4. The supporting device for corn conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: Support arms are installed at both ends of the main beam, and drive wheels are movably installed at the lower end of the support arms. Multiple sets of stubble breakers and ditch openers are installed at the lower end of the main beam. The number of stubble breakers and ditch openers is the same as the number of collection devices, and they are placed in matching positions.

5. The supporting device for maize conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: A seed box is installed on the connecting frame, and a seed metering device is also installed on the connecting frame. The upper end of the seed metering device is connected to the lower end of the seed box. A depth-limiting wheel is installed on the bottom wall of the end of the connecting frame away from the stubble-breaking and furrowing device. The stubble-breaking and furrowing device is located at the front end of the depth-limiting wheel. A disc furrowing device is installed between the depth-limiting wheels. The outlet end of the seed metering device is located at the rear side of the disc furrowing device.

6. The supporting device for maize conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: A soil covering wheel is also installed at the end of the connecting frame away from the stubble-breaking trencher. The soil covering wheel is located at the rear end of the depth-limiting wheel, and the guide plate is located on the rear side of the soil covering wheel.

7. The application of the supporting device for maize conservation tillage coupled with diversified cover crop planting according to claim 6 in the maize-cover crop zoned planting mode, characterized in that: The planting method includes the following steps: Step 1: When planting the following year, use the aforementioned supporting device to achieve simultaneous zoned sowing of corn and cover crops; Step 2: Use the corn-cover crop zoned spraying device to carry out post-emergence weeding in the corn planting area. The remaining field management is the same as conventional corn management. Step 3: After the corn reaches full maturity, use a corn kernel harvester to harvest it. During harvesting, leave some straw in the field and pack the remaining straw away from the field. After the corn is harvested, the cover crop continues to grow until it dies naturally. The surface residue forms a winter cover layer, which effectively inhibits soil wind erosion. Step 4: Implement crop rotation when planting the following year. In the first year, replace the corn rows with cover crops and replace the original cover crop rows with corn. Step 5: The field management measures for the second year should remain the same as those for the first year, and the spatial layout of the crops should remain unchanged.

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