Waste liquid bag expansion early warning method and device of blood purification equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a waste liquid bag expansion early warning method and device for blood purification equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the initial air volume Vair0 and pressure P0 of a waste liquid bag after the blood purification equipment completes the pre-flushing; when the blood purifier carries out blood purification, the real-time waste liquid weight Wt of the waste liquid bag is obtained, and the real-time waste liquid volume Vfluid of the waste liquid bag is determined according to the Wt; on the basis of the ideal gas state equation under the constant temperature and the pre-established P-Vbag relation, at least one of the real-time in-bag total volume Vbag and the in-bag pressure P of the waste liquid bag is obtained according to the Vair0, the P0 and the Vfluid; and determining the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag according to at least one of the Vbag and the P of the waste liquid bag. The expansion state of the waste liquid bag can be monitored, an alarm is given out once the waste liquid bag reaches the expansion limit, and the risk that the waste liquid bag splashes outwards is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blood purification technology, and more specifically, to a method and device for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Waste fluid is generated during blood purification. This waste fluid can be collected using waste fluid bags, which typically have a capacity of 5000–10000 mL and are easily filled. To prevent spillage, medical staff need to constantly check if the waste fluid bags are full and replace them promptly, which increases their workload.

[0003] To address this issue, current technologies typically employ weight sensors in blood purification devices to monitor the weight of the waste fluid bag and trigger an alarm for bag replacement. However, if the waste fluid bag contains a certain amount of air, there is a risk of it bursting even before the liquid weight reaches the device's alarm threshold. Existing technologies fail to detect and mitigate this bursting risk. A burst waste fluid bag would cause spillage, potentially containing harmful bacteria and viruses. Contact with this spilled fluid could lead to infection, increasing the safety risks for healthcare workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method and device for early warning of expansion of waste fluid bags in blood purification equipment. It can monitor the expansion state of waste fluid bags and immediately issue an alarm once the waste fluid bag reaches the expansion limit, prompting medical staff to replace the waste fluid bag in time, thereby reducing the risk of waste fluid bag splashing.

[0005] To address the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for early warning of waste fluid bag expansion in a blood purification device. The blood purification device includes a blood purifier and a waste fluid bag, wherein the waste fluid bag is used to contain waste fluid generated by the blood purifier; the method for early warning of waste fluid bag expansion includes:

[0006] After the blood purification device completes its pre-filling, the initial air volume V of the waste bag is obtained. air0 and pressure P0;

[0007] During blood purification in the blood purifier, the real-time weight W of the waste fluid in the waste fluid bag is obtained. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid ;

[0008] Based on the ideal gas law at constant temperature and the pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluidObtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the bag pressure P;

[0009] According to the V of the waste liquid bag bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides a waste fluid bag expansion warning device for a blood purification device, the blood purification device comprising: a blood purifier and a waste fluid bag, the waste fluid bag being used to contain waste fluid generated by the blood purifier; the waste fluid bag expansion warning device comprising:

[0011] The first detection module is used to obtain the initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag. air0 and pressure P0;

[0012] The second detection module is used to obtain the real-time waste liquid weight W of the waste liquid bag. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid ;

[0013] Output module for use with the ideal gas law at constant temperature and pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the bag pressure P;

[0014] The early warning module is used to detect the V value of the waste liquid bag. bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0017] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for early warning of waste fluid bag expansion in blood purification equipment. This method determines the real-time expansion state of the waste fluid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure. It introduces "pressure expansion," a more scientific risk indicator, enabling earlier risk identification and providing early warning before dangerous expansion occurs. This facilitates bag replacement by medical staff, transforming "post-event remediation" into "pre-event prevention." It effectively prevents the visual sense of crisis caused by waste fluid bag bursting or expansion, reducing the psychological burden on medical staff and enhancing their sense of security and trust in using blood purification equipment. Furthermore, before determining the real-time expansion state of the waste fluid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure, a PV (volume, pressure, and volume) pre-established based on real data is required. bag This method improves the accuracy of bag volume and real-time bag pressure, thus enhancing the accuracy of waste bag expansion warnings. Furthermore, determining the real-time expansion state of the waste bag does not compromise the airtightness of the blood purification equipment. No additional physical sensors or connecting pipes are required on the waste bag, eliminating potential leakage or infection risks and ensuring safety during the blood purification process. Moreover, the real-time expansion state of the waste bag can be determined solely through algorithmic or model innovation, with virtually no increase in hardware costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of one embodiment of the waste liquid bag expansion early warning method for a blood purification device provided in this invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the waste liquid bag expansion early warning method for the blood purification equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a waste liquid bag provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste liquid bag expansion early warning device of the blood purification equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a standard curve of bag pressure-total bag volume provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Blood purification involves drawing blood from the patient's body using a blood purification device and removing certain pathogenic substances through consumables, thus purifying the blood to treat diseases. Blood purification devices can implement various blood purification modes, such as CRRT (Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy), HF, HDF, and PE. CRRT treatment mainly includes slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF), continuous venous-vein hemofiltration (CVVH), continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), continuous venous-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD), continuous high-flux dialysis (CHFD), continuous high-volume dialysis (HVHF), and continuous plasmapheresis (CPFA). Different blood purification modes are suitable for different diseases.

[0025] For example, combined Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working principle of a continuous venous-vein hemofiltration (CVVH) treatment mode is provided. The tubing components of the blood purification device in this purification mode include: a blood filter, circulation tubing (including arterial tubing, venous tubing, tubing connecting the blood filter and waste fluid bag, tubing connecting the blood filter and venous reservoir), blood pump, filtration pump, replacement fluid pump, waste fluid bag, replacement fluid bag, venous reservoir, etc.

[0026] Before blood purification, a pre-rinsing process is required. This involves introducing a pre-rinsing solution, such as saline, into the blood circuit and blood purifier. As the pre-rinsing solution fills and flows through the tubing, it washes away impurities and removes air from the tubing. Figure 1 For example, during CVVH treatment, the filtrate separated by the blood filter is waste fluid. Waste fluid bags are used to collect pre-treatment flushing fluid and waste fluid generated during the treatment process. Weight sensors are used to monitor the total weight of waste fluid in the waste fluid bags in real time. When the total weight of waste fluid exceeds the weight alarm limit, the system issues an alarm.

[0027] However, existing technologies fail to detect and address the risk of waste liquid bag bursting, presenting the following problems:

[0028] (1) Alarm delay, risk has already formed: The weight alarm is only triggered when the waste liquid reaches the preset weight (or the sensor limit). At this time, the waste liquid bag is usually already in a state of high filling, excessive internal pressure and huge deformation, and the risk of explosion has already formed. The alarm is only an emergency brake at the "last moment" rather than a "prevention" warning.

[0029] (2) Visual judgment is subjective and unreliable: relying on medical staff to observe the degree of bag expansion to judge the risk is highly subjective. It is affected by light, angle and experience, and cannot be quantified, which can easily lead to risks due to misjudgment or negligence.

[0030] (3) Unable to detect “invisible” pressure: For the same weight of waste liquid, the actual pressure and degree of deformation inside the bag may vary greatly due to the different initial air volume, bag size and material. The weight sensor cannot distinguish this difference.

[0031] (4) Lack of forward-looking safety defense: The entire system only has the weight alarm as a "passive" defense, which poses a risk of single-point failure in safety design and lacks a multi-level, forward-looking active protection system.

[0032] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] It should be noted that examples of embodiments of this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in the specification of this application means the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0035] The first aspect of this embodiment provides a method for early warning of waste fluid bag expansion in a blood purification device. This blood purification device is used in conjunction with a blood purifier, a waste fluid bag, and a circulation pipeline. The waste fluid bag is used to contain waste fluid generated by the blood purifier. The circulation pipeline is used to transport blood to be purified to the blood purifier for purification and to return the purified blood to the blood purifier. The waste fluid generated by the blood purifier is transported to the waste fluid bag for collection through the circulation pipeline. Combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the waste liquid bag expansion early warning method includes:

[0036] Step S210: After the blood purification equipment completes pre-filling, obtain the initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag. air0 And pressure P0.

[0037] Before blood purification, the blood purifier and circulation tubing need to be pre-flushed. A pre-flushing solution, such as saline, is introduced into the circulation tubing and the blood purifier. As the pre-flushing solution fills and flows through the circulation tubing, it washes away impurities and removes air from the circulation tubing and the blood purifier, thus improving the safety of blood purification. The pre-flushing solution is then transferred to a waste bag for collection.

[0038] Before use, the waste liquid bag is folded and flattened, containing virtually no gas. Due to the material properties of the waste liquid bag (usually PVC), the two membrane pieces tend to stick together before being filled with liquid, resulting in very little air content, close to zero. Therefore, before pre-flushing, the gas content inside the waste liquid bag can be considered 0 mL. After pre-flushing, air from the blood purifier and circulation tubing enters the waste liquid bag, resulting in a certain volume of air. Since the waste liquid bag is sealed, this air remains inside. During subsequent blood purification, as the liquid volume increases, this air is continuously compressed, causing the pressure inside the bag to rise and posing a risk of bursting. Therefore, after pre-flushing, it is necessary to obtain the air volume V of the waste liquid bag after pre-flushing. air0 This volume is then used as the initial air volume for the waste bag during subsequent blood purification processes.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation method, the initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag is obtained. air0 ,include:

[0040] The sum of the pre-charge capacities of the circulation tubing and the blood purifier is taken as V. air0 .

[0041] Because there are many blood purification devices in related technologies that can realize treatment modes such as CRRT and HDF, the structure, inner and outer diameters, and lengths of the corresponding circulation pipelines are also different. In addition, the pre-flushing direction before blood purification is different, which makes it difficult to accurately obtain the air volume V of the waste bag after pre-flushing. air0 It is quite cumbersome and complex. In order to reduce the risk of waste liquid bag rupture and improve safety, in this embodiment, the sum of the pre-charge capacity of the circulation pipeline and the blood purifier is used as V. air0 This determination of V air0 The method is not only simple, but also V air0The volume of the waste liquid bag will be larger than the actual air volume, allowing the waste liquid bag to issue an early expansion warning (in reality, the waste liquid bag may not have reached its expansion limit before issuing the expansion warning). This allows medical staff to pay attention to the expansion of the waste liquid bag in advance or replace the waste liquid bag in advance, greatly reducing the risk of the waste liquid bag bursting and improving safety.

[0042] It is understood that the pre-fill capacity of the circulation tubing refers to the capacity of the circulation tubing cavity completely filled with pre-fill fluid. The circulation tubing refers to all extracorporeal circulation tubing used in blood purification equipment, including venous tubing, arterial tubing, plasma tubing, rehydration tubing, pre-fill tubing, and other tubing that comes into direct or indirect contact with fluids entering the body, as well as waste fluid tubing. The pre-fill capacity of a blood purifier refers to the capacity of the blood purifier cavity completely filled with pre-fill fluid. Those skilled in the art can obtain the pre-fill capacity by scanning the identification code on the blood purifier or circulation tubing, or from the product manual or label.

[0043] In this embodiment, after the waste liquid bag is pre-filled, the pressure inside the waste liquid bag is balanced with the atmospheric pressure, and the air inside the waste liquid bag is not compressed. At this time, the pressure P0 inside the waste liquid bag is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure, that is, P0 = 101.3 kPa.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation, the blood purification device further includes a weight sensor for monitoring the weight of the liquid in the waste bag. The waste bag expansion warning method further includes: obtaining the weight W0 of the pre-flushing liquid in the waste bag after pre-flushing, and determining the volume V of the pre-flushing liquid in the waste bag after pre-flushing based on the quotient of the pre-flushing liquid weight W0 and the pre-flushing liquid density ρ1. fluid0 V fluid0 =W0 / ρ1, where the weight of the pre-flushing liquid W0 can be directly obtained through a weight sensor, and ρ1 is approximately the water density of 1000 kg / m3.

[0045] Step S220: During blood purification in the blood purifier, obtain the real-time weight W of the waste liquid from the waste liquid bag. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid .

[0046] In this embodiment, the real-time weight W of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag is obtained through a weight sensor. t At this time, the weight of the waste liquid is W. t This includes the weight of the pre-filled solution and the weight of the waste fluid generated by the blood purifier. Obtain the real-time waste fluid weight W from the waste fluid bag. t Then, based on the weight W of the pre-flushing liquid t The real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag is determined by the quotient of the waste liquid density ρ2. fluid V fluid =Wt / ρ2, where ρ2 is approximately the density of water (1000 kg / m3). The real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag is obtained. fluid The real-time liquid volume inside the waste liquid bag can be determined, which is helpful for subsequently determining the total volume inside the waste liquid bag.

[0047] Step S230, based on the ideal gas law under constant temperature and the pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to V air0 P0 and V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the pressure P inside the bag.

[0048] Specifically, regarding the V of the waste liquid bag bag The system performs at least one iteration with the real-time bag pressure P until the V value after the iteration is obtained. bag The difference between P and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold;

[0049] For the first iteration, according to V air0 and V fluid Obtain the real-time initial total volume of the waste liquid bag, and based on the real-time initial total volume and PV bag The relationship is used to obtain the bag pressure in the first iteration; based on the bag pressure in the first iteration, and V... fluid P0, V air0 The mapping relationship between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag is used to obtain the total volume inside the bag in the first iteration; the mapping relationship is constructed based on the ideal gas law under constant temperature.

[0050] For iterations other than the first round, the total volume inside the bag and PV are used as the basis for the previous round. bag Based on the relationship, obtain the bag pressure for this iteration; based on the bag pressure for this iteration and the mapping relationship, obtain the total bag volume for this iteration.

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation, the PV between the bag pressure and the total bag volume is obtained by the following method. bag relation:

[0052] Before the waste fluid bag is connected to the blood purification equipment, liquid is continuously pumped into the waste fluid bag at a constant rate. The pressure inside the bag is monitored at various liquid volumes. Based on the liquid volumes and corresponding pressures, a PV (Potential Value) is established. bag relation.

[0053] Specifically, a brand new waste bag is connected to the blood purification equipment, and the gas inside the waste bag is purged. At this time, V bag ≈V fluidAt a liquid temperature of 37℃ (the temperature for blood purification), liquid was continuously pumped into the waste bag at a constant rate (e.g., 50 ml / min). Simultaneously, a high-precision pressure sensor was connected to the waste bag to measure the internal pressure corresponding to different volumes of liquid pumped in. Based on each liquid volume and its corresponding internal pressure, a standard curve of internal pressure versus total internal volume was established, and the PV was fitted to obtain the pressure distribution. bag Relationship. Since there is virtually no gas in the waste liquid bag before the liquid is pumped in, the gas in the waste liquid bag can be considered as 0 mL. During the continuous pumping of liquid into the waste liquid bag, the total volume inside the waste liquid bag is approximately equal to the volume of liquid pumped into the waste liquid bag. Therefore, a standard curve of pressure inside the bag versus total volume inside the bag can be established based on the volume of liquid pumped into the waste liquid bag and the corresponding pressure inside the bag.

[0054] In this embodiment, different volumes of liquid are pumped into the waste liquid bag, and the pressure inside the bag is measured simultaneously when different volumes of liquid are pumped in. A standard curve of bag pressure versus total bag volume is established to show the change in bag pressure with liquid volume, and the PV is obtained by fitting the curve. bag The relationship can establish PV based on the actual usage of waste liquid bags and the real data obtained. bag The calculation results accurately reflect the mechanical properties of a specific bag type, avoiding errors caused by the difference between the pure theoretical model and the actual object, and can improve the accuracy of bag expansion warning.

[0055] Combination Figure 3 As shown, waste liquid bags have QR codes or barcodes printed or affixed to them during manufacturing. These codes carry electronic information related to the waste liquid bag, such as standard capacity, gross weight, model specifications, rated capacity, and maximum capacity. Each model and specification of waste liquid bag has a corresponding PV (Volume Value). bag Relationship. To quickly obtain the PV of the waste liquid bag later. bag Relationship. Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation, the relationship between PV and the total volume inside the bag is obtained. bag After establishing a relationship, the PV bag The relationship is linked to the identification tag on the waste liquid bag. Therefore, before using the waste liquid bag again, the PV of the waste liquid bag can be quickly and directly obtained by scanning the identification tag. bag The relationship is beneficial to the efficiency of subsequent expansion early warning, and by increasing PV bag The relationship is bound to the identification on the waste liquid bag, which can automatically adapt to waste liquid bags from different manufacturers, with different capacities and different processes. It has good versatility and is easy to promote.

[0056] In this embodiment, PV bagThe relationship is that different volumes of liquid are pumped into the waste liquid bag, and the corresponding pressure inside the bag is obtained through experiments. The function f(P,V) is then fitted to obtain the result. bag Therefore, PV bag The relation contains only constants, P, and V. bag Furthermore, the PV of waste liquid bags of different models and specifications bag The relationships are also different. Those skilled in the art can conduct experiments based on specific models and specifications of waste liquid bags to fit and obtain the corresponding PV. bag Relationship, exemplarily, PV bag The relationship can be: P = 0.0094 × V bag 3 –0.0855×V bag 2 +0.2285×V bag +101.23.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation method, for the first iteration, assume V bag0 =V fluid +V air0 After obtaining V air0 and V fluid Then, the initial total volume V of the waste liquid bag can be determined in real time. bag0 The initial total volume V of the waste liquid bag was obtained in real time. bag0 And to obtain the PV between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag. bag After the relationship, V bag0 Substitute PV bag In the relationship, the bag pressure P in the first iteration can be calculated.

[0058] Because the waste liquid bag is sealed, the total amount of air inside the waste liquid bag remains constant. As the amount of liquid inside the waste liquid bag increases, V air0 As it is continuously compressed, according to the ideal gas law (at constant temperature), we know that:

[0059] P×V air =P0×V air0

[0060] Meanwhile, during the blood purification process, the total volume inside the bag includes both the volume of liquid and the volume of air inside the bag. Therefore:

[0061] V bag =V fluid +V air

[0062] The mapping relationship between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag can be obtained from the above two formulas, as follows:

[0063] V bag =Vfluid +P0×V air0 / P

[0064] In the above-mentioned acquisition of V air0 After P0, P and V air Since the product of and is a constant, after obtaining the bag pressure P in the first iteration, according to P×V... air =P0×V air0 You can get V air In step S220, the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag was obtained. fluid So according to V fluid P0, V air0 By establishing the mapping relationship between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag, the total volume inside the bag in the first iteration can be obtained.

[0065] Due to V bag0 This is a hypothetical value, and the accuracy of the total bag volume obtained from the first iteration still needs improvement. To improve the accuracy of the waste liquid bag expansion warning, this embodiment substitutes the total bag volume from the first iteration into PV. bag The relationship is used to calculate the bag pressure in the second round, and then substitute the second round bag pressure into the mapping relationship to obtain the total bag volume in the second round. Compared with the total bag volume in the first iteration, the result of the total bag volume in the second round is more accurate. Subsequent iterations are performed according to the non-first round iterations, based on the total bag volume and PV of the previous round. bag The relationship is used to obtain the bag pressure in this iteration; based on the bag pressure in this iteration and the mapping relationship, the total bag volume in this iteration is obtained. This process is repeated iteratively until the V value is obtained after the iteration. bag The difference between V and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold. bag If the difference between V and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold, then V indicates that V is in a more stable state. bag The values ​​of P and V have converged to a stable value, at which point the obtained V... bag The results for P are more accurate, so V is used. bag Determining the real-time expansion status of the waste liquid bag with P helps to further improve the accuracy of waste liquid bag expansion early warning.

[0066] It should be noted that this embodiment does not further limit the specific numerical range of the first preset threshold, and those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual situation. For example, the first preset threshold can be less than or equal to 0.05.

[0067] Step S240, according to the V of the waste liquid bag bag At least one of P is used to determine the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag.

[0068] Specifically, the V obtained after the last iteration of the waste liquid bagbag After P, if V bag If P is greater than the second preset threshold, or if P is greater than the third preset threshold, then the waste liquid bag is determined to have reached an expansion state, and an expansion warning message is output; otherwise, the waste liquid bag has not reached an expansion state.

[0069] Wherein, the second preset threshold is the limit value of the total volume inside the waste liquid bag, and the third preset threshold is the limit value of the pressure inside the waste liquid bag. In this embodiment, the specific numerical range of the second preset threshold and the third preset threshold is not further limited, and those skilled in the art can set them according to the actual situation.

[0070] In another alternative implementation, V is used directly. air0 As V air At this time, V bag =V fluid +V air0 If V bag Greater than or equal to the second preset threshold (hereinafter referred to as V) bag-safe If the value of V is within the specified range, the waste liquid bag is determined to have reached an expanded state, and an expansion warning message is output; otherwise, the waste liquid bag has not reached an expanded state. Wherein, V... bag-safe The V value at which the waste liquid bag reaches its expansion limit was determined through experiments involving pumping different volumes of liquid into the waste liquid bag. bag This method of determining whether a waste bag is bulging is simpler, as it eliminates the need for iterative methods to obtain precise V values. bag Alternatively, P can improve detection efficiency.

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation, the waste liquid bag expansion early warning method further includes:

[0072] Obtain the real-time weight of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag;

[0073] Based on the real-time weight of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag, and the V of the waste liquid bag bag At least one of P is used to determine the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag.

[0074] Therefore, by simultaneously issuing expansion warnings based on both pressure / volume and weight, a dual warning defense can be achieved. If either expansion warning is triggered first, medical staff can intervene, suspending blood purification and replacing the waste fluid bag. Compared to related technologies that rely solely on weight warnings as a "passive" defense, this embodiment, through a dual warning defense, significantly advances the risk identification point, issuing warnings before the waste fluid bag bursts, reminding medical staff to replace the waste fluid bag, transforming "post-event remediation" into "pre-event prevention," and greatly reducing the risk of waste fluid bag bursting.

[0075] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional implementation method, if V bagIf the weight of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag exceeds the second preset threshold, or if P exceeds the third preset threshold, or if the real-time weight of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag exceeds the fourth preset threshold, then the waste liquid bag is determined to have reached an expansion state, and an expansion warning message is output; otherwise, the waste liquid bag has not reached an expansion state. The fourth preset threshold is the limit value of the weight of the waste liquid inside the waste liquid bag. In this embodiment, the specific numerical range of the fourth preset threshold is not further limited, and those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual situation.

[0076] In this embodiment, the expansion warning information can be audio-visual information. When the expansion warning information is output, an audio prompt can be issued or a text prompt can be displayed on the screen to achieve the warning effect.

[0077] The waste fluid bag expansion early warning system for blood purification equipment in this application determines the real-time expansion state of the waste fluid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure. It introduces "pressure expansion," a more scientific risk indicator, enabling earlier risk identification and providing an early warning before dangerous expansion occurs. This facilitates bag replacement by medical staff, transforming "post-event remediation" into "pre-event prevention." It effectively prevents the visual sense of crisis caused by waste fluid bag bursting or expansion, reducing the psychological burden on medical staff and enhancing their sense of security and trust in using the blood purification equipment. Furthermore, before determining the real-time expansion state of the waste fluid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure, a PV (volume, pressure, and volume) pre-established based on real data is required. bag This method improves the accuracy of bag volume and real-time bag pressure, thus enhancing the accuracy of waste bag expansion warnings. Furthermore, determining the real-time expansion state of the waste bag does not compromise the airtightness of the blood purification equipment. No additional physical sensors or connecting pipes are required on the waste bag, eliminating potential leakage or infection risks and ensuring safety during the blood purification process. Moreover, the real-time expansion state of the waste bag can be determined solely through algorithmic or model innovation, with virtually no increase in hardware costs.

[0078] A second aspect of this application provides a waste bag expansion early warning device for a blood purification device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the waste liquid bag expansion early warning device includes:

[0079] The first detection module 401 is used to obtain the initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag. air0 and pressure P0;

[0080] The second detection module 402 is used to obtain the real-time weight W of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid ;

[0081] Output module 403 is used for the ideal gas law at constant temperature and the pre-established PV. bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the bag pressure P;

[0082] Early warning module 404 is used to detect the V of the waste liquid bag. bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

[0083] The waste liquid bag expansion warning device of this application embodiment can execute the method provided in the first aspect of this application embodiment, and its implementation principle is similar. The actions performed by each module in the waste liquid bag expansion warning device of each embodiment of this application correspond to the steps in the method of each embodiment of this application. For detailed functional descriptions of each module of the device, please refer to the descriptions in the corresponding methods shown above, which will not be repeated here. Compared with the prior art, the waste liquid bag expansion warning device provided in this application embodiment can: determine the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag based on at least one of the bag volume and the real-time bag pressure. It introduces "pressure expansion" as a more scientific risk indicator, which can advance the risk identification point and provide expansion warning before the waste liquid bag expands dangerously. This facilitates bag replacement operations for medical staff, turning "post-event remediation" into "pre-event prevention." It can effectively prevent the waste liquid bag from bursting or expanding and causing a visual sense of crisis, reduce the psychological burden on medical staff, and enhance the sense of security and trust in using blood purification equipment. Furthermore, before determining the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure, a PV (Potential Volume) model needs to be pre-established based on real data. bag This method improves the accuracy of bag volume and real-time bag pressure, thus enhancing the accuracy of waste bag expansion warnings. Furthermore, determining the real-time expansion state of the waste bag does not compromise the airtightness of the blood purification equipment. No additional physical sensors or connecting pipes are required on the waste bag, eliminating potential leakage or infection risks and ensuring safety during the blood purification process. Moreover, the real-time expansion state of the waste bag can be determined solely through algorithmic or model innovation, with virtually no increase in hardware costs.

[0084] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the detection method. Compared with related technologies, it can determine the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure. This introduces a more scientific risk indicator, "pressure expansion," enabling earlier risk identification and providing an early warning before dangerous expansion of the waste liquid bag. This facilitates bag replacement operations for medical personnel, transforming "post-event remediation" into "pre-event prevention." It effectively prevents the visual sense of crisis caused by waste liquid bag bursting or expansion, reducing the psychological burden on medical personnel and enhancing their sense of security and trust in using blood purification equipment. Furthermore, before determining the real-time expansion state of the waste liquid bag based on at least one of the bag's internal volume and real-time internal pressure, a PV (volume, pressure, and volume) pre-established based on real data is required. bag This method improves the accuracy of bag volume and real-time bag pressure, thus enhancing the accuracy of waste bag expansion warnings. Furthermore, determining the real-time expansion state of the waste bag does not compromise the airtightness of the blood purification equipment. No additional physical sensors or connecting pipes are required on the waste bag, eliminating potential leakage or infection risks and ensuring safety during the blood purification process. Moreover, the real-time expansion state of the waste bag can be determined solely through algorithmic or model innovation, with virtually no increase in hardware costs.

[0085] In one alternative embodiment, an electronic device is provided, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The illustrated electronic device 500 includes a processor 501 and a memory 503. The processor 501 and the memory 503 are connected, for example, via a bus 502. Optionally, the electronic device 500 may further include a transceiver 504, which can be used for data interaction between the electronic device and other electronic devices, such as sending and / or receiving data. It should be noted that in practical applications, the transceiver 504 is not limited to one type, and the structure of this electronic device 500 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0086] Processor 501 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general-purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. Processor 501 may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0087] Bus 502 may include a pathway for transmitting information between the aforementioned components. Bus 502 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. Bus 502 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the figure, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0088] The memory 503 may be ROM (Read Only Memory) or other types of static storage devices capable of storing static information and instructions, RAM (Random Access Memory) or other types of dynamic storage devices capable of storing information and instructions, or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media, other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing computer programs and capable of being read by a computer, without limitation herein.

[0089] The memory 503 is used to store computer programs that execute the embodiments of this application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 501. The processor 501 is used to execute the computer programs stored in the memory 503 to implement the steps shown in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0090] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program can implement the steps and corresponding content of the aforementioned method embodiments. To further illustrate the present invention in detail, specific embodiments will be described below. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention are commercially available.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] This embodiment provides a method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in a blood purification device, specifically including:

[0093] 1. Obtain the PV relationship between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag. bag relation:

[0094] Taking a 10L waste fluid bag from a certain brand as an example, a brand new waste fluid bag was connected to a blood purification device. The gas inside the waste fluid bag was purged. At a liquid temperature of 37℃, liquid (such as saline) was pumped into the waste fluid bag at a rate of 50ml / min. Simultaneously, a high-precision pressure sensor was used to measure the pressure inside the bag (the pressure of the gas inside the bag) corresponding to different volumes of liquid pumped in. Table 1 shows the pumped liquid volumes and their corresponding pressures inside the bag. Based on the established... Figure 6 The standard curve of bag pressure versus total bag volume, showing the change of bag pressure with liquid volume, is shown, and the PV is obtained by fitting the curve. bag relation.

[0095] Table 1

[0096] <![CDATA[Pumped liquid volume V bag (L)]]> Internal pressure P (kPa) Description of bag status (vertically suspended) 0 101.3 Not expanded 0.5 101.3 / 1 101.3 When the bag is unfolded, the wrinkles disappear due to the weight of the waste liquid. 1.5 101.4 / 2 101.4 / 2.5 101.4 / 3 101.4 The bag is teardrop-shaped and bulging. 4 101.5 / 5 101.5 / 6 101.6 Pressure began to rise significantly 7 101.9 / 8 102.2 / 9 103.0 / 10 104.4 Approaching the burst limit, the bag is completely inflated. 10.5 105.4 / 11 106.1 The expansion limit has been reached, but it has not yet burst. 11.5 107.2 / 12 107.6 Very loud, very dangerous, but did not explode.

[0097] Depend on Figure 6 PV obtained by fitting bag Relationship, PV bag The relationship is:

[0098] P = 0.0094V bag 3 -0.0855V bag 2 +0.2285V bag +101.23 (hereinafter referred to as Formula 1)

[0099] Meanwhile, during the test, the second preset threshold V was measured. bag-safe =10L, third preset threshold P safe =104.4 kPa. This PV bagThe relationship, the second preset threshold, and the third preset threshold are bound to the identification on the waste liquid bag.

[0100] 2. Pre-charge the blood purifier:

[0101] Before pre-flushing, the gas content in the waste liquid bag is 0 mL. After pre-flushing, the weight of the waste liquid bag after pre-flushing is obtained by a weight sensor, and the volume of pre-flushing liquid V in the waste liquid bag after pre-flushing is calculated. fluid0 =2L.

[0102] Taking continuous venous-vein hemofiltration (CVVH) as an example, since only the circulation tubing and blood filter are used, assuming the priming capacity of a certain brand of circulation tubing is 250 mL and the priming capacity of the blood filter is 150 mL, the sum of the priming capacities of the circulation tubing and the blood filter is taken as V. air0 V air0 It is 400mL.

[0103] The initial pressure inside the waste liquid bag is P0 = 101.3 kPa.

[0104] 3. Turn on the blood purifier to purify the blood:

[0105] (1) When the blood purification time is 20 min and the liquid flow rate in the circulation tubing is 50 mL / min, the real-time waste liquid weight W of the waste liquid bag is detected by the weight sensor. t Calculate the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag, given a capacity of 3000g (including pre-flushing liquid). fluid =W t / ρ2=3L.

[0106] Based on the mapping relationship, we can obtain:

[0107] V bag =V fluid +P0×V air0 / P=3L+101.3×0.4 / P (Hereinafter referred to as Formula 2)

[0108] For the first iteration, assume V bag0 =V fluid +V air0 =3L + 0.4L = 3.4L, V bag0 Substituting 3.4L into Formula 1, we calculate the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration. Substituting the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration into Formula 2, we calculate the total bag volume V for the first iteration. bag1 Based on the total bag volume from the previous iteration and Formula 1, the bag pressure for this iteration is obtained; based on the bag pressure for this iteration and Formula 2, the total bag volume for this iteration is obtained. This process is repeated iteratively until the V value is obtained. bagThe difference between P and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold, so P is finally determined to be 101.39 kPa, V bag =3.4L. At this point, the air inside the waste liquid bag has not been compressed, the waste liquid bag has not bulged, and the waste liquid bag has not reached the expansion state.

[0109] (2) When the blood purification time is 120 min and the liquid flow rate in the circulation tubing is 50 mL / min, the real-time waste liquid weight W of the waste liquid bag is detected by a weight sensor. t Calculate the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag, given a weight of 8000g (including pre-flushing liquid). fluid =W t / ρ2=8L.

[0110] Based on the mapping relationship, we can obtain:

[0111] V bag =V fluid +P0×V air0 / P=8L+101.3×0.4 / P (Formula 2)

[0112] For the first iteration, assume V bag0 =V fluid +V air0 =8L + 0.4L = 8.4L, V bag0 Substituting 8.4L into Formula 1, we calculate the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration. Substituting the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration into Formula 2, we calculate the total bag volume V for the first iteration. bag1 Based on the total bag volume from the previous iteration and Formula 1, the bag pressure for this iteration is obtained; based on the bag pressure for this iteration and Formula 2, the total bag volume for this iteration is obtained. This process is repeated iteratively until the V value is obtained. bag The difference between P and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold, so P is finally determined to be 102.71 kPa, V bag = 8.394L. At this point, the air inside the waste liquid bag has been compressed to 0.394L, causing the waste liquid bag to bulge. However, the internal pressure of the waste liquid bag has not yet approached the burst limit P. safe =104.4 or V bag-safe =Limit of 10L.

[0113] (3) When the blood purification time is 160 min and the liquid flow rate in the circulation tubing is 50 mL / min, the real-time waste liquid weight W of the waste liquid bag is detected by a weight sensor. t Given 9750g (including pre-flushing liquid), calculate the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid =W t / ρ2=9.75L.

[0114] Based on the mapping relationship, we can obtain:

[0115] V bag =V fluid +P0×V air0 / P=9.75L+101.3×0.4 / P (Formula 2)

[0116] For the first iteration, assume V bag0 =V fluid +V air0 = 9.75L + 0.4L = 10.15L, V bag0 Substituting 10.15L into Formula 1, we calculate the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration. Substituting the bag pressure P1 for the first iteration into Formula 2, we calculate the total bag volume V for the first iteration. bag1 Based on the total bag volume from the previous iteration and Formula 1, the bag pressure for this iteration is obtained; based on the bag pressure for this iteration and Formula 2, the total bag volume for this iteration is obtained. This process is repeated iteratively until the V value is obtained. bag The difference between P and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold, so P is finally determined to be 104.55 kPa, V bag =10.13L. At this point, the air inside the waste liquid bag has been compressed to 0.38L, and the pressure inside the waste liquid bag has reached the burst limit P. safe =104.4 kPa. Although the real-time weight of the waste fluid in the waste fluid bag is only 9750g, which has not yet reached the weight alarm limit of the waste fluid bag (such as 10kg), the air inside the waste fluid bag occupies part of the volume, causing the bag to be full. Therefore, the expansion warning of the waste fluid bag is triggered in advance, reminding medical staff to stop blood purification and replace the waste fluid bag.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] This embodiment provides a method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in a blood purification device. This method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:

[0119] The waste liquid bag in this embodiment is a 10L waste liquid bag from another brand. However, due to its larger size, it can reach V when it is close to its burst limit and fully inflated. bag =11L, i.e., V bag-safe The V of the waste liquid bag in Example 1 is greater than that in Example 1. bag-safe However, the weight alarm limit of this waste liquid bag is the same as that of the waste liquid bag in Example 1, which is 10 kg.

[0120] Blood purification was performed using the blood purification method and conditions described in Example 1, such as V air0=400mL, pre-filled solution is 2L, etc. During the blood purification process, the total volume and pressure inside the waste bag did not reach the burst limit. For example, the total volume V inside the waste bag... bag The volume of waste fluid in the bag is approximately 10.4L. However, if the real-time weight of the waste fluid in the bag reaches the weight alarm limit, an expansion warning will be triggered, reminding medical staff to suspend blood purification and replace the waste fluid bag.

[0121] Example 3

[0122] This embodiment provides a method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in a blood purification device. This method is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that:

[0123] The waste liquid bag in this embodiment is a 7L waste liquid bag from another brand, and the weight alarm limit of the waste liquid bag of the blood purification equipment is still the same as the weight alarm limit of the waste liquid bag in Embodiment 1, which is 10kg.

[0124] Blood purification was performed using the blood purification method and conditions described in Example 1, such as V air0 =400mL, pre-filled solution is 2L, etc. During the blood purification process, if the total volume or pressure inside the waste bag has reached the burst limit, the waste bag is full and bulging, but the real-time weight of the waste liquid in the waste bag has not yet reached the weight alarm limit, the expansion warning of the waste bag will be triggered, reminding medical staff to stop blood purification and replace the waste bag.

[0125] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0126] While the disclosure is as stated above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in a blood purification device, characterized in that, The blood purification device includes: a blood purifier and a waste fluid bag, the waste fluid bag being used to contain waste fluid generated by the blood purifier; the waste fluid bag expansion warning method includes: After the blood purification device completes its pre-filling, the initial air volume V of the waste bag is obtained. air0 and pressure P0; During blood purification in the blood purifier, the real-time weight W of the waste fluid in the waste fluid bag is obtained. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid ; Based on the ideal gas law at constant temperature and the pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the bag pressure P; According to the V of the waste liquid bag bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal gas law based on constant temperature and the pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the following, including: The V of the waste liquid bag bag The system performs at least one iteration with the real-time bag pressure P until the V value after the iteration is obtained. bag The difference between P and the previous iteration is less than the first preset threshold; For the first iteration, according to V air0 and V fluid The initial total volume inside the waste liquid bag is obtained in real time. Based on the initial total volume inside the bag and the PV... bag The relationship is used to obtain the bag pressure in the first iteration; based on the bag pressure in the first iteration, and V... fluid P0, V air0 The mapping relationship between the pressure inside the bag and the total volume inside the bag is used to obtain the total volume inside the bag in the first iteration; wherein, the mapping relationship is constructed based on the ideal gas law under constant temperature. For iterations other than the first one, the total volume inside the bag in the previous round and the PV are used as the basis. bag The relationship is used to obtain the bag pressure in this iteration; based on the bag pressure in this iteration and the mapping relationship, the total bag volume in this iteration is obtained.

3. The method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PV is obtained by the following method. bag relation: Before the waste fluid bag is connected to the blood purification device, different volumes of liquid are continuously pumped into the waste fluid bag, and the internal pressure of the waste fluid bag is monitored at each volume of liquid. Based on the different volumes of liquid and the corresponding internal pressure, the PV is established. bag relation.

4. The method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mapping relationship is as follows: V bag =V fluid +P0×V air0 / P。 5. The method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood purification equipment also includes circulation tubing; The initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag is obtained. air0 ,include: The sum of the pre-charge capacity of the circulation pipeline and the blood purifier is taken as V. air0 .

6. The method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood purification device also includes a weight sensor for monitoring the weight of the waste fluid bag, and the waste fluid bag expansion early warning method further includes: Obtain the real-time weight of the waste liquid in the waste liquid bag; Based on the weight of the waste liquid bag and the V of the waste liquid bag bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

7. The method for early warning of waste liquid bag expansion in blood purification equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The weight of the waste liquid bag and the V of the waste liquid bag are used as the basis for the determination. bag Determining the real-time expansion state of the waste bag, and at least one of P, includes: If the V bag If the value of P is greater than the second preset threshold, or the value of P is greater than the third preset threshold, or the weight of the waste liquid bag is greater than the fourth preset threshold, then the waste liquid bag is determined to have reached an expansion state, and an expansion warning message is output.

8. A waste liquid bag expansion early warning device for a blood purification equipment, characterized in that, The blood purification equipment includes: a blood purifier and a waste fluid bag, the waste fluid bag being used to contain the waste fluid generated by the blood purifier; the waste fluid bag expansion warning device includes: The first detection module is used to obtain the initial air volume V of the waste liquid bag. air0 and pressure P0; The second detection module is used to obtain the real-time waste liquid weight W of the waste liquid bag. t According to the W t Determine the real-time waste liquid volume V of the waste liquid bag. fluid ; Output module for use with the ideal gas law at constant temperature and pre-established PV bag Relationship, according to the V air0 P0 and the V fluid Obtain the real-time total internal volume V of the waste liquid bag. bag At least one of the bag pressure P; The early warning module is used to detect the V value of the waste liquid bag. bag The real-time expansion state of the waste bag is determined by at least one of P.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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