Laser welding gun capable of dynamically proportioning protective gas

Abstract

The invention provides a laser welding gun capable of achieving dynamic matching of protective gas, and belongs to the technical field of laser welding guns. The laser welding gun comprises a gun body, a laser transmission module is arranged in the gun body, and the gun body comprises a gun handle and a gun body; the laser transmission module comprises a reflecting mirror and a first driving motor, and the reflecting mirror is mounted on an output shaft of the first driving motor; the gun head is detachably arranged at one end of the gun body, the first driving motor is mounted at the other end of the gun body, and the protective gas input box is arranged on one side of the gun handle. A buffer cavity is formed in the end, close to the gun head, of the gun body, a proportioning and mixing cavity is formed in the top of the gun body, a gas channel is formed in the gun body, and the buffer cavity and the proportioning and mixing cavity are communicated with a protective gas input box through the gas channel to form a protective gas dynamic proportioning and outputting channel. According to the device, through the arrangement of a flow dividing valve, a second driving motor and a control module, the device can dynamically adjust the proportion of protective gas, and the scene adaptability of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding gun technology, and more specifically, to a laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as metal processing, automobile manufacturing, and aerospace, laser welding technology is often used to achieve high-precision connections. For example, in automobile body welding, in order to ensure the strength and appearance quality of the weld, the laser welding gun needs to continuously output a stable protective gas (such as a mixture of argon and carbon dioxide) to prevent the molten pool from being oxidized by the air. However, in actual welding processes, the stability of the shielding gas ratio often affects welding quality. Traditional laser welding guns typically use shielding gases with a fixed ratio, lacking dynamic adjustment capabilities. This leads to defects such as porosity and cracks in the weld seam when welding different materials (e.g., aluminum alloys, high-strength steel) or workpieces of varying thicknesses, due to the mismatch between the shielding gas and the molten pool reaction. Furthermore, the gas mixing in traditional equipment is uneven, and the gas pressure fluctuates greatly. In high-speed welding scenarios, the shielding gas curtain is easily dispersed, affecting the molten pool protection effect and reducing welding quality. Repeated adjustments and rework also increase production costs and reduce production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a laser welding gun with a dynamic protective gas ratio, thereby solving the technical problem in the prior art where the fixed protective gas ratio of traditional laser welding guns cannot adapt to different welding scenarios.

[0004] The purpose and effect of the laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means: This invention provides a laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio, comprising a gun body, wherein a laser transmission module is provided inside the gun body, and the gun body includes a handle and a gun body; The laser transmission module includes a reflector and a first drive motor, wherein the reflector is mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor; The gun body is detachably provided with a gun head at one end, the first drive motor is installed at the other end of the gun body, and a protective gas input box is provided on one side of the gun handle; The gun body has a buffer chamber near the gun head, a mixing chamber at the top of the gun body, and a gas channel on the gun body. The buffer chamber and the mixing chamber are connected to the protective gas input box through the gas channel, forming a dynamic ratio output path for the protective gas. The mixing chamber is equipped with a proportioning component, which includes a dispensing component and a mixing component. The distribution component includes a flow divider valve and a second drive motor. The output shaft of the second drive motor is connected to the valve core of the flow divider valve. An angle sensor is provided inside the first drive motor and the second drive motor. The gun handle is equipped with a control module and a control button, and the control module is electrically connected to the control button and the angle sensor respectively. The mixing component includes a mixing chamber, the inner wall of which is uniformly distributed with at least three sets of spiral guide vanes in the circumferential direction, and the mixing chamber is provided with a cross-shaped baffle.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment, the mixing chamber is a stepped cylindrical shape, comprising a first chamber segment, a second chamber segment, and a third chamber segment with successively decreasing diameters, and the chamber segments are connected by a conical transition section; The three sets of spiral guide vanes are respectively disposed in the first cavity, the second cavity, and the third cavity. The spiral guide vanes are provided with triangular guide teeth, and the spiral directions of the spiral guide vanes in adjacent cavities are opposite.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the cross-shaped spoiler includes four sets of arms, a mounting platform, and a connecting ring; The mounting platform is connected to the connecting ring via four sets of arms, and each arm has a windward side and a leeward side. The windward side is uniformly arrayed with turbulence blocks along the length of the arm, and the turbulence blocks are fin-shaped. The leeward side is a smooth arc surface. The mounting platform is provided with guide strips, and the guide strips are spirally arranged on the mounting platform. The inlet end of the first cavity section is provided with an annular groove, and the connecting ring is installed in the annular groove by a bearing.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the mixing component further includes a premixer disposed between the mixing chamber and the diverter valve; The premixer is a hollow cylinder, and a scraper, a filter layer, and a metal plate are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction inside the premixer. The premixer includes an end cap and a housing. The end cap is installed at one end of the housing and has an air outlet. The housing has an air inlet at the end away from the end cap. The air outlet is connected to the mixing chamber, and the air inlet is connected to the air outlet of the diverter valve. The air outlet is provided with multiple sets of guide vanes, which are evenly arrayed along the circumference of the premixer and are inclined. The premixer is provided with a central shaft. One end of the central shaft is rotatably connected to the end cap, and the other end is rotatably connected to the end of the housing away from the end cap. The scraper is sleeved on the central shaft, and one side of the scraper is in contact with the filter layer. A dust collection box is provided below the scraper, and the dust collection box is detachably connected to the premixer. The metal plate has multiple sets of through holes.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the protective gas input box is provided with two sets of gas inlet ports and two sets of gas outlet ports, and the gas channel includes two sets of main channels and branch channels; The two sets of main channels are arranged on both sides of the gun body. The two sets of outlet ports of the protective gas input box are connected to the inlet of the diversion valve through the main channels. The two sets of inlet ports of the protective gas input box are connected to an external gas source. The branch channel is located on one side of the gun body. One end of the branch channel is connected to the air outlet of the mixing chamber, and the other end of the branch channel is connected to the buffer chamber.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the buffer chamber is an annular side-mounted cavity located inside the gun body near the gun head. One side of the buffer chamber is connected to the air outlet of the mixing chamber through the branch channel, and the other side has multiple sets of air outlets. The buffer cavity is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate, and the two ends of the arc-shaped guide plate extend in the circumferential direction of the buffer cavity.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the gun head is provided with a partition, which is integrally formed with the gun head, and the partition divides the inner cavity of the gun head into a laser guiding cavity and a gas guiding cavity; The gun head is provided with two sets of sealing platforms at one end, and each sealing platform is fitted with a sealing sleeve. The sealing platforms are threadedly connected to the gun head. The gun head has a through hole located between the two sets of sealing platforms. The gas guiding chamber is connected to the gas outlet of the buffer chamber through the through hole. An adjustment ring is provided on one side of the through hole, and the adjustment ring is located in the gas guiding chamber. An air outlet is provided at the end of the gun head away from the gun body.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting ring has multiple sets of adjusting holes, and an adjusting core is provided inside each adjusting hole; The adjusting core is provided with a piston at one end, the piston is slidably connected to the adjusting hole, and a spring for resetting the adjusting core is sleeved on the adjusting core. One end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the adjusting hole, and a limiting ring is provided at the opening end of the adjusting hole. Multiple sets of air distribution holes are formed on the inner wall of the multiple sets of adjustment holes. The multiple sets of air distribution holes are evenly distributed along the length direction of the adjustment holes. The number of adjustment holes corresponds to the through holes on the gun body, and the axis of the adjustment hole coincides with the axis of the through hole of the gun body.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the air outlet is provided with a baffle, and multiple sets of air guide holes are provided on the baffle. The end of the air guide hole away from the gun body is horn-shaped. A flow stabilizing core is provided inside the air outlet, and a flow slowing cavity is formed between the baffle and the flow stabilizing core. A damping groove is provided on the inner wall of the flow slowing cavity. The current-stabilizing core has multiple sets of honeycomb-shaped current-stabilizing holes; The air outlet has multiple sets of main air holes and multiple sets of auxiliary air holes at the end away from the gun body. The axis of the main air hole is parallel to the axis of the air outlet, and the axis of the auxiliary air hole forms an angle α with the axis of the main air hole (α ∈ 15° to 45°).

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the laser transmission module further includes a fiber laser, a collimating lens and a focusing lens, and a protective lens; The fiber laser is mounted on the bottom of the gun handle, the collimating lens is detachably connected to the gun handle by bolts, and the focusing lens and the protective lens are detachably connected to the gun body by bolts.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through the configuration of a diversion valve, a second drive motor, and a control module, enables the device to dynamically adjust the protective gas ratio, thereby improving the device's adaptability to various scenarios. The device can input commands via control buttons, causing the second drive motor to rotate the diversion valve core. Combined with feedback from an angle sensor, the gas ratio is adjusted to meet the welding requirements of workpieces with different materials and thicknesses, thus improving the device's applicability in complex welding scenarios. 2. When using this device, the spiral guide vanes and cross-shaped baffle in the mixing chamber can perform multi-stage stirring and mixing of the gas, resulting in more uniform gas mixing and improved weld protection. Then, the filter layer of the premixer, in conjunction with the scraper, filters gas impurities and promptly removes filter residue, preventing impurities from affecting gas purity and providing a stable protective gas output for the device, thus improving the welding quality stability of the device. 3. This invention, through the arc-shaped guide plate of the buffer chamber and the main and auxiliary air holes of the air outlet, enables the device to stabilize airflow pressure and form a three-dimensional protective air curtain, thereby improving the device's air curtain anti-interference capability. The device can guide the airflow smoothly through the arc-shaped guide plate, reducing pressure fluctuations. Combined with the honeycomb flow stabilizing holes and damping grooves, the flow is further stabilized, making the air curtain less likely to be blown away during high-speed welding, thus improving the device's protective reliability in high-speed welding scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mixing chamber of the invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gun head of the invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of region a in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the gun head of the invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting ring structure of the invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the regulating ring of the invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped spoiler frame of the invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the premixer of this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the premixer of this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the buffer cavity of the invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the invention's principle framework.

[0016] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and their corresponding reference numerals is as follows: 11. Gun handle; 12. Gun body; 13. Gun head; 131. Divider; 132. Sealing platform; 133. Sealing sleeve; 14. Adjusting ring; 141. Adjusting hole; 142. Adjusting core; 143. Piston; 144. Spring; 145. Limiting ring; 146. Gas distribution port; 15. Gas outlet; 151. Baffle; 152. Gas guide port; 153. Flow stabilizer; 154. Slow flow chamber; 155. Damping groove; 156. Main gas port; 157. Auxiliary gas port; 21. Reflector; 22. First drive motor; 23. Fiber laser; 24. Collimating lens; 25. Focusing lens; 26. Protective lens; 31. Protective gas input box; 311. Gas inlet port; 31 2. Air outlet; 321. Main channel; 322. Branch channel; 41. Diverter valve; 42. Second drive motor; 43. Mixing chamber; 44. Spiral guide vane; 441. Triangular guide teeth; 45. Cross-shaped baffle; 451. Arm; 452. Mounting platform; 453. Connecting ring; 454. Baffle block; 455. Guide strip; 46. Premixer; 461. Scraper; 462. Central shaft; 463. Filter layer; 464. Metal plate; 465. End cap; 466. Housing; 467. Guide vane; 468. Ash collection box; 47. Buffer chamber; 471. Arc-shaped guide plate; 472. Air outlet; 51. Control module; 52. Control button. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example:

[0019] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the present invention provides a laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio, including a gun body, a laser transmission module disposed within the gun body, and the gun body including a handle 11 and a gun body 12. The laser transmission module includes a reflector 21 and a first drive motor 22, the reflector 21 being mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor 22.

[0020] With this configuration, the first drive motor 22 can drive the reflector 21 to rotate, adjusting the irradiation range and focusing degree of the laser, thereby changing the energy distribution of the laser beam in the welding area. When the angle of the reflector 21 changes, the coverage area and energy density of the laser beam change accordingly, thus achieving control over the weld width and meeting the weld width requirements of different welding processes.

[0021] A gun head 13 is detached from one end of the gun body 12, and a first drive motor 22 is installed at the other end of the gun body 12. A protective gas input box 31 is provided on one side of the gun handle 11.

[0022] This design allows for easy replacement of the detachable nozzle 13, enhancing the convenience of the device. The first drive motor 22 and the nozzle 13 are respectively located at both ends of the gun body 12 to avoid structural interference. At the same time, the gas input box 31 is independently located on one side of the handle 11 for easy connection to an external gas source.

[0023] The gun body 12 has a buffer chamber 47 near the gun head 13, a mixing chamber is provided at the top of the gun body 12, and a gas channel is provided on the gun body. The buffer chamber 47 and the mixing chamber are connected to the protective gas input box 31 through the gas channel, forming a protective gas dynamic ratio output path.

[0024] With this setup, the protective gas enters from the input box, is proportioned and mixed in the mixing chamber, and then is temporarily stored and buffered in the buffer chamber 47 through the gas channel. Finally, it is delivered to the nozzle 13, forming a complete gas flow path to ensure that the protective gas is output as needed.

[0025] The mixing chamber is equipped with a proportioning component, which includes a dispensing component and a mixing component.

[0026] With this setup, the distributor is responsible for adjusting the input ratio of different shielding gases, while the mixer thoroughly mixes the gases. The two work together to ensure both accurate gas ratios and uniform mixing, providing a foundation for high-quality welding.

[0027] The components include a flow divider valve 41 and a second drive motor 42. The output shaft of the second drive motor 42 is connected to the valve core of the flow divider valve 41. An angle sensor is installed inside the first drive motor 22 and the second drive motor 42. The second drive motor 42 is installed on one side of the gun body 12.

[0028] With this configuration, the second drive motor 42 can drive the valve core of the diversion valve 41 to rotate. Combined with the real-time feedback of the valve core position by the angle sensor, it can adjust the flow rate of different gases and control the ratio of protective gas. In addition, in conjunction with the angle sensor of the first drive motor 22, it can realize the linkage control of weld width and gas ratio. The angle sensor can be a WDD35D4 model angle sensor, which is a built-in sensor of the first drive motor 22 and the second drive motor 42, and is not shown in the figure.

[0029] The gun handle 11 is equipped with a control module 51 and a control button 52. The control module 51 is electrically connected to the control button 52 and the angle sensor respectively.

[0030] With this setup, the operator sends commands to the control module 51 via the control button 52. The control module 51 controls the first drive motor 22 and the second drive motor 42 to operate based on the motor operating status fed back by the angle sensor, thereby adjusting the weld width and gas ratio. The control module 51 can be an MSP430F5529 microcontroller, and the control button 52 can be a DS-42B push-button switch.

[0031] The mixing component includes a mixing chamber 43, with at least three sets of spiral guide vanes 44 evenly distributed around the inner wall of the mixing chamber 43, and a cross-shaped baffle 45 is provided inside the mixing chamber 43.

[0032] With this configuration, the spiral guide vane 44 can guide the gas to flow spirally along the chamber, increasing the gas contact time and area. The cross-shaped baffle 45 blocks and diverts the airflow, breaking the laminar flow state. The combination of the two allows different gases to be fully mixed, improving the mixing uniformity and avoiding the impact of uneven gas mixing on welding quality.

[0033] Specifically, when the weld width needs to be adjusted, the operator sends a weld width adjustment command to the control module 51 via the control button 52 on the gun handle 11. The control module 51 drives the first drive motor 22 to rotate, causing the reflector 21 to change its angle. The angle sensor of the first drive motor 22 feeds back adjustment data to the control module 51. Based on the adjustment data fed back by the angle sensor of the first drive motor 22, the control module 51 sends a target angle command to the angle sensor of the second drive motor 42, and simultaneously drives the second drive motor 42 to rotate the valve core of the diversion valve 41.

[0034] When welding is required, control button 52 sends a start signal to control module 51. After receiving the start signal, control module 51 first triggers fiber laser 23 to work. The laser is collimated by collimating lens 24, reflected by reflecting mirror 21, and focused by focusing lens 25, and finally projected onto the surface of the workpiece through protective lens 26 to form a high-temperature molten pool. At the same time, control module 51 controls the second drive motor 42 to maintain the target angle of the valve core of diverter valve 41 according to preset parameters or real-time adjusted weld width data, so that the protective gas enters the main channel 321 through protective gas input box 31 according to the set ratio.

[0035] Gas enters the premixer 46 through the diversion valve 41, and after preliminary mixing, it enters the mixing chamber 43 for thorough mixing. Then, it enters the buffer chamber 47 through the branch channel 322 to form a stable airflow. After secondary diversion through the gas guide chamber, it is finally sprayed out from the gas outlet 15, forming a protective gas curtain around the molten pool to isolate air and ensure welding stability.

[0036] For example, when welding aluminum alloy parts for a car body, if the weld width needs to be adjusted from 3mm to 5mm, the operator presses control button 52 to send an adjustment command. Control module 51 drives the first drive motor 22 to rotate the reflector 21 to the corresponding angle. The angle sensor of the first drive motor 22 feeds back the data to control module 51, which then sends a target angle command to the angle sensor of the second drive motor 42, causing the valve core of the diversion valve 41 to rotate to increase the mixing ratio of argon and helium (e.g., from 7:3 to 8:2). After welding starts, the laser emitted by the fiber laser 23 is processed by optical components and focused on the joint of the aluminum alloy parts to form a molten pool. The protective gas is initially mixed in a ratio of 8:2 by the premixer 46 and fully mixed in the mixing chamber 43. The gas flow is then stabilized by the buffer chamber 47, diverted by the gas guide chamber, and finally sprayed out from the outlet 15 to form a gas curtain covering the 5mm wide weld, preventing the aluminum alloy molten pool from being oxidized and ensuring the weld strength and appearance quality.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the mixing chamber 43 is a stepped cylindrical shape, including a first chamber segment, a second chamber segment, and a third chamber segment with successively decreasing diameters, and the chamber segments are connected by a conical transition section.

[0038] This design, with its progressively decreasing diameter cavity structure, allows the gas to gradually accelerate during flow, enhancing the kinetic energy of the airflow through the Venturi effect and promoting the collision and fusion of different gas molecules. The conical transition section avoids the formation of turbulent dead zones at the junction of the cavity sections, ensuring smooth gas flow and improving mixing efficiency.

[0039] Three sets of spiral guide vanes 44 are respectively disposed in the first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity. The spiral guide vanes 44 are provided with triangular guide teeth 441, and the spiral directions of the spiral guide vanes 44 in adjacent cavities are opposite.

[0040] With this configuration, the spiral guide vanes 44 in different cavities guide the airflow to form a spiral motion in opposite directions, so that the gas generates a reverse rotational impact force when flowing through each cavity, breaking the laminar flow state of the airflow and enhancing the degree of gas disturbance; the triangular guide teeth 441 further divide the airflow, dispersing the large airflow into multiple small airflows, increasing the gas contact area and improving the mixing uniformity.

[0041] Specifically, when the gas enters the first chamber, it forms a clockwise spiral airflow under the action of the spiral guide vane 44. The triangular guide teeth 441 cut the airflow into multiple branches, promoting initial mixing. After the airflow enters the second chamber through the conical transition section, it turns into a counterclockwise spiral under the action of the reverse spiral guide vane 44, opposing the airflow direction of the first chamber and allowing different gas molecules to fully fuse during collision. Subsequently, the airflow enters the third chamber, where it again changes its rotation direction under the action of the reverse spiral guide vane 44, further enhancing the mixing effect and ultimately forming a protective gas with uniform composition. This synergistic design of stepped diameter change and reverse spiral can achieve efficient gas mixing within a limited chamber space, providing a guarantee for stable protection during subsequent welding processes.

[0042] like Figure 10 As shown, the cross-shaped spoiler frame 45 includes four sets of arms 451, a mounting platform 452, and a connecting ring 453.

[0043] With this configuration, the four sets of arms 451 are arranged in a cross-shaped symmetrical distribution, which can create disturbances to the airflow from multiple directions. Combined with the support and fixation of the mounting platform 452 and the connecting ring 453, the turbulence frame remains stable under the impact of airflow, ensuring that the turbulence effect on the gas is uniform and continuous.

[0044] The mounting platform 452 is connected to the connecting ring 453 via four sets of arms 451, and the arms 451 are provided with a windward side and a leeward side.

[0045] This configuration and connection method ensures the overall stability of the spoiler frame. At the same time, the windward side directly bears the impact of the airflow to generate a turbulent effect, while the leeward side reduces airflow resistance and avoids excessive obstruction of gas flow, achieving a balance between turbulence and ventilation.

[0046] The windward side has a uniform array of turbulence blocks 454 along the length of the arm 451. The turbulence blocks 454 are fin-shaped, and the leeward side is a smooth arc surface. The mounting platform 452 is provided with guide strips 455, which are spirally arranged on the mounting platform 452.

[0047] With this configuration, the fin-shaped baffle 454 can cut the airflow into multiple fine airflows and change their direction, thereby enhancing the turbulence of the gas; the smooth leeward surface can guide some of the airflow to flow smoothly, reducing energy loss; the spiral guide strip 455 can drive the airflow to form a spiral motion around the mounting platform 452, further promoting gas mixing.

[0048] The inlet end of the first cavity section is provided with an annular groove, and the connecting ring 453 is installed in the annular groove by bearings.

[0049] With this configuration, the bearing connection allows the cross-shaped spoiler 45 to rotate with the airflow, which can adaptively adjust the spoiler force according to the airflow intensity, reduce structural wear, and extend service life. The annular groove provides a stable installation position for the connecting ring 453.

[0050] Specifically, when the gas enters the first cavity, the airflow first impacts the windward side of the arm 451. The fin-shaped baffle 454 divides the airflow into multiple streams, causing it to move irregularly. Some airflow, guided by the leeward side, forms a circumferential flow, colliding and merging with other streams. Simultaneously, the airflow pushes the cross-shaped baffle 45 to rotate around the connecting ring 453. The spiral guide strip 455 on the mounting platform 452 drives the surrounding gas to form a spiral vortex, which interacts with the turbulence generated by the baffle 451, allowing the gases of different compositions to mix thoroughly in the complex airflow motion. This combination of dynamic baffle and spiral guide significantly improves the uniformity and efficiency of gas mixing, providing a high-quality mixed gas for subsequent welding protection.

[0051] like Figure 2 , 11 As shown in Figures 1 and 12, the mixing component also includes a premixer 46, which is disposed between the mixing chamber 43 and the diversion valve 41.

[0052] With this configuration, the premixer 46 can perform preliminary treatment on the gas after the proportion has been adjusted by the diverter valve 41, including premixing and filtering impurities, laying the foundation for deep mixing in the subsequent mixing chamber 43 and improving the overall gas mixing effect and purity.

[0053] The premixer 46 is a hollow cylinder. Inside the premixer 46, along the airflow direction, there are scraper 461, filter layer 463 and metal plate 464 arranged in sequence.

[0054] This configuration allows for smooth gas flow through the hollow cylindrical structure, while the sequential arrangement of the scraper 461, filter layer 463, and metal plate 464 enables continuous gas processing. First, impurities are filtered out, then the filter layer 463 is cleaned by the scraper 461, and finally, the gas is initially diverted and mixed by the metal plate 464, demonstrating a clear division of functions.

[0055] The premixer 46 includes an end cap 465 and a housing 466. The end cap 465 is installed at one end of the housing 466 and has an air outlet. The housing 466 has an air inlet at the end away from the end cap 465. The air outlet is connected to the mixing chamber 43 and the air inlet is connected to the air outlet of the diverter valve 41.

[0056] With this configuration, the combination of end cap 465 and housing 466 facilitates the installation and maintenance of internal components of premixer 46, while the connection between the inlet and outlet ensures that gas can enter premixer 46 from diversion valve 41 along a predetermined path for processing before being transported to mixing chamber 43, forming a continuous gas flow path.

[0057] Multiple sets of guide vanes 467 are provided inside the air outlet. The multiple sets of guide vanes 467 are evenly arrayed along the circumference of the premixer 46, and the guide vanes 467 are inclined.

[0058] With this configuration, the inclined guide vanes 467 can rectify the gas flowing out of the premixer 46, allowing gases of different components to be initially mixed during rotation, while uniformly distributing the gas flow space within the premixer 46 to avoid localized airflow concentration.

[0059] The premixer 46 is provided with a central shaft 462. One end of the central shaft 462 is rotatably connected to the end cover 465, and the other end is rotatably connected to the end of the housing 466 away from the end cover 465. The scraper 461 is sleeved on the central shaft 462. One side of the scraper 461 is in contact with the filter layer 463. The ash collection box 468 is provided below the scraper 461. The ash collection box 468 is detachably connected to the premixer 46.

[0060] With this configuration, the central shaft 462 provides stable rotational support for the scraper 461, which can scrape off impurities attached to the filter layer 463 during rotation, preventing the filter layer 463 from becoming clogged. The dust collection box 468 is used to collect the scraped-off impurities and is detachable for easy cleaning.

[0061] Multiple sets of through holes are opened on the metal plate 464.

[0062] With this configuration, multiple sets of through holes can divide the filtered gas into multiple fine airflows, increasing the gas dispersion and allowing the gas to be initially mixed before entering the mixing chamber 43. At the same time, the through holes can also play a certain role in stabilizing the flow.

[0063] Specifically, when gas enters the premixer 46 from the diversion valve 41 through the inlet, it first flows within the housing 466 to the filter layer 463. The filter layer 463 intercepts and filters impurities in the gas, ensuring gas purity. As gas continues to flow in, impurities adhere to the filter layer 463. At this time, the central shaft 462 rotates, driving the scraper 461 to rotate. The side of the scraper 461 that is in contact with the filter layer 463 scrapes off the impurities, which fall into the dust collection box 468 below, preventing the filter layer 463 from clogging and affecting airflow. The dust collection box 468 can be disassembled to clean the impurities later. The filtered gas continues to flow to the metal plate 464, where it is divided into multiple fine airflows through multiple sets of through holes. After the airflows disperse, they come into contact and merge, achieving initial mixing. At the same time, the through holes slow down the gas flow rate, achieving a flow stabilization effect. Subsequently, the gas flows towards the outlet, where it forms a rotating airflow under the action of multiple sets of inclined guide vanes 467. The different gas components are further mixed during this rotation, and the guide vanes 467 ensure a uniform circumferential distribution of the gas. Finally, the airflow smoothly enters the mixing chamber 43, preparing for subsequent deep mixing. This series of continuous processes ensures both the purity of the gas and achieves premixing, thus improving the overall quality of the protective gas.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the protective gas input box 31 is provided with two sets of gas inlet ports 311 and two sets of gas outlet ports 312, and the gas channel includes two sets of main channels 321 and branch channels 322.

[0065] With this configuration, the two sets of inlet ports 311 can be connected to two different protective gas sources respectively, and the two sets of outlet ports 312 output two different gases respectively. Together with the main channel 321, the independent delivery of gases is achieved, providing a basis for subsequent ratio adjustment. The division of labor between the main channel 321 and the branch channel 322 allows the gases to flow along different paths before and after the ratio mixing, avoiding mutual interference and ensuring that the gas processing process proceeds in an orderly manner.

[0066] Two main channels 321 are set on both sides of the gun body. The two outlet ports 312 of the protective gas input box 31 are connected to the inlet of the diversion valve 41 through the main channels 321. The two inlet ports 311 of the protective gas input box 31 are connected to the external gas source.

[0067] With this configuration, the main channels 321 on both sides of the gun body are evenly distributed, which can reduce pressure loss during gas flow and ensure that the two gases can be stably delivered to the diversion valve 41. The air inlet port 311 is directly connected to the external air source, which shortens the gas delivery path, reduces the risk of gas leakage, and facilitates the replacement of the air source as needed.

[0068] The branch channel 322 is located on one side of the gun body. One end of the branch channel 322 is connected to the gas outlet of the mixing chamber 43, and the other end of the branch channel 322 is connected to the buffer chamber 47.

[0069] With this configuration, the branch channel 322 is specifically used to transport the mixed protective gas. The independent path avoids contact between the mixed gas and the unmixed gas, ensuring that the mixing effect is not affected. Its connection with the mixing chamber 43 and the buffer chamber 47 allows the mixed gas to smoothly enter the buffer chamber 47 for pressure stabilization, providing a guarantee for subsequent stable output.

[0070] Specifically, the two external protective gases enter through two sets of inlet ports 311 of the protective gas input box 31, and flow into the main channels 321 on both sides of the gun body through two sets of outlet ports 312. The main channels 321 stably deliver the gas to the inlet of the diverter valve 41, which adjusts the flow ratio of the two gases according to control commands. After the mixing is completed, the gas enters the premixer 46 and the mixing chamber 43 for thorough mixing. The mixed gas then flows to the buffer chamber 47 through the branch channel 322 on one side of the gun body. The independent setting of the branch channel 322 ensures that the mixed gas will not interfere with the unmixed gas in the main channel 321 during the transportation process. At the same time, the buffer chamber 47 can temporarily store and stabilize the mixed gas, ultimately allowing the gas to be output to the gun head 13 at a stable pressure and flow rate, thus protecting the molten pool. This structure not only ensures the stability of gas transportation but also creates favorable conditions for mixing and proportioning.

[0071] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown in Figure 13, the buffer chamber 47 is an annular side-mounted cavity opened inside the gun body 12 near the end of the gun head 13. One side of the buffer chamber 47 is connected to the air outlet of the mixing chamber 43 through the branch channel 322, and the other side has multiple sets of air outlets 472.

[0072] With this configuration, the annular side-mounted cavity structure can temporarily store the mixed protective gas, and the annular space can be used to evenly distribute the gas pressure to avoid local pressure being too high or too low. Multiple sets of vent holes 472 can evenly deliver the gas to the gun head 13, ensuring the consistency of the subsequent gas curtain coverage and providing a foundation for stable protection of the molten pool.

[0073] An arc-shaped guide plate 471 is provided inside the buffer cavity 47, with both ends of the arc-shaped guide plate 471 extending towards the circumference of the buffer cavity 47.

[0074] With this configuration, the arc-shaped guide plate 471 can guide the gas entering the buffer chamber 47 to flow smoothly in the circumferential direction, reduce the turbulence generated by the airflow impact, and make the gas pressure distribution in the annular cavity more uniform; at the same time, the guide plate extends the path of the gas in the buffer chamber 47, further stabilizes the airflow speed, and avoids pressure fluctuations affecting the gas output effect.

[0075] The gun head 13 has a partition 131 inside, which is integrally formed with the gun head 13. The partition 131 divides the inner cavity of the gun head 13 into a laser guiding cavity and a gas guiding cavity.

[0076] With this design, the one-piece molded partition 131 has high structural strength, can separate the laser transmission path from the gas flow path, avoid direct contact between the protective gas and the laser component to prevent contamination, and at the same time prevent airflow from interfering with the stability of the laser beam, ensuring that the laser focusing accuracy and the gas protection effect do not affect each other.

[0077] The gun head 13 has two sets of sealing platforms 132 at one end, and each sealing platform 132 is fitted with a sealing sleeve 133. The sealing platform 132 is threadedly connected to the gun head 13.

[0078] With this configuration, the threaded sealing platform 132 is easy to install and remove. The two sets of sealing sleeves 133 can seal the connection between the laser guiding cavity and the gas guiding cavity respectively, preventing the leakage of protective gas or the infiltration of external air, ensuring the stability of the gas pressure in the gas guiding cavity, and preventing impurities from entering the laser guiding cavity and contaminating the optical components.

[0079] The nozzle 13 has a through hole located between the two sets of sealing platforms 132. The gas guiding chamber is connected to the gas outlet 472 of the buffer chamber 47 through the through hole.

[0080] With this configuration, the through hole serves as a channel for gas to enter the nozzle 13 from the buffer chamber 47. Located between the two sets of sealing platforms 132, the sealing structure can enhance the airtightness of the connection. Its connection method ensures that the mixed protective gas can enter the gas guiding chamber, providing a stable gas source for the subsequent formation of the gas curtain.

[0081] An adjustment ring 14 is provided on one side of the through hole. The adjustment ring 14 is located in the gas guiding chamber. An air outlet 15 is provided at the end of the gun head 13 away from the gun body.

[0082] With this configuration, the regulating ring 14 can perform secondary regulation on the airflow entering the gas guiding chamber, and optimize the gas curtain shape by changing the airflow distribution; the gas outlet 15 serves as the final gas output structure, which can guide the gas to the welding area to form a protective gas curtain, and its position ensures that the gas curtain covers the molten pool.

[0083] Specifically, the mixed protective gas enters the buffer chamber 47 through the branch channel 322 and flows along the circumference of the annular cavity under the guidance of the arc-shaped guide plate 471. The airflow diffuses fully within the buffer chamber 47, and the pressure gradually equalizes. Subsequently, the gas flows through multiple sets of outlet holes 472 to the through hole of the gun head 13. Since the through hole is located between the two sets of sealing platforms 132, the sealing sleeve 133 prevents gas leakage at this point, ensuring that all gas enters the gas guiding chamber. The gas entering the gas guiding chamber first passes through the regulating ring 14, which splits and rectifies the airflow, making the gas distribution more uniform. At the same time, the laser beam is transmitted through the laser guiding chamber. The partition plate 131 completely separates the laser from the gas to avoid mutual interference, and the sealing sleeve 133 of the sealing platform 132 further ensures the independence of the two chambers. Finally, the regulated gas flows to the gas outlet 15 and is ejected from the gas outlet 15 to form a protective gas curtain covering the molten pool, while the laser beam passes through the laser guiding cavity and is focused on the molten pool, realizing the synergistic effect of laser energy and gas protection during the welding process and ensuring welding quality.

[0084] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the adjusting ring 14 has multiple sets of adjusting holes 141, and adjusting cores 142 are provided inside the adjusting holes 141.

[0085] With this configuration, multiple sets of adjustment holes 141 can receive gas delivered from the gun body through holes, and the adjustment core 142 can change position according to changes in gas pressure, thereby adjusting the flow rate of gas through the adjustment holes 141, realizing control of airflow at different positions, and ensuring uniform airflow distribution in the gas guide cavity.

[0086] A piston 143 is provided at one end of the adjusting core 142. The piston 143 is slidably connected to the adjusting hole 141. A spring 144 for resetting the adjusting core 142 is sleeved on the adjusting core 142. One end of the spring 144 is connected to the bottom of the adjusting hole 141. A limiting ring 145 is provided at the opening end of the adjusting hole 141.

[0087] With this configuration, the sliding fit between the piston 143 and the adjusting hole 141 allows the adjusting core 142 to respond to changes in gas pressure. When the gas pressure increases, the piston 143 compresses the spring 144, causing the adjusting core 142 to move and increasing the gas flow space. When the gas pressure decreases, the spring 144 resets and pushes the adjusting core 142 back, reducing the flow space and achieving dynamic balance of airflow. The limiting ring 145 restricts the range of movement of the adjusting core 142, preventing it from coming out of the adjusting hole 141 and ensuring structural stability.

[0088] Multiple sets of adjustment holes 141 have multiple sets of air holes 146 on their inner walls. The multiple sets of air holes 146 are evenly distributed along the length of the adjustment holes 141. The number of adjustment holes 141 corresponds to the through holes on the gun body, and the axis of the adjustment holes 141 coincides with the axis of the through holes on the gun body.

[0089] With this configuration, the gas distribution holes 146 can disperse and discharge the gas in the regulating holes 141. The gas distribution holes 146, which are evenly distributed along the length of the regulating holes 141, can make the gas flow out evenly at different positions, ensuring that the gas pressure in each area of ​​the gas guiding cavity is consistent. The number of regulating holes 141 corresponds to the number of through holes in the gun body and their axes coincide, which can ensure that the gas flowing out of the through holes enters the regulating holes 141, reducing gas loss and improving gas utilization.

[0090] Specifically, when gas enters the regulating hole 141 of the regulating ring 14 from the gun body through-hole, the gas pressure pushes the piston 143, causing the regulating core 142 to move towards the bottom of the regulating hole 141. The spring 144 is compressed, and the gas in the regulating hole 141 flows out through the gas distribution holes 146 on the inner wall. If the gas pressure is high, the piston 143 moves a greater distance, exposing more gas distribution holes 146 and increasing the gas outflow. If the gas pressure is low, the spring 144 pushes the piston 143 back to its original position, reducing the number of exposed gas distribution holes 146 and correspondingly reducing the gas outflow, thus automatically balancing the gas flow. At the same time, since the regulating hole 141 corresponds one-to-one with the gun body through-hole and their axes coincide, gas can enter the regulating hole 141 and be evenly distributed into the gas guide cavity through the gas distribution holes 146, providing a uniform airflow for the subsequent gas nozzle 15 to form a stable gas curtain, further improving the welding protection effect.

[0091] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, a baffle 151 is provided at one end of the air outlet 15. Multiple sets of air guide holes 152 are provided on the baffle 151. The end of the air guide hole 152 away from the gun body is flared. A flow stabilizer 153 is provided inside the air outlet 15. A flow slowing cavity 154 is formed between the baffle 151 and the flow stabilizer 153. A damping groove 155 is provided on the inner wall of the flow slowing cavity 154.

[0092] With this configuration, the baffle 151 can initially block and divert the gas entering the outlet 15, while the guide hole 152 evenly guides the gas into the slow-flow chamber 154. The flared outlet of the guide hole 152 reduces the gas velocity, preventing excessive airflow impact. The slow-flow chamber 154 provides a buffer space for the gas, and together with the damping groove 155 on the inner wall, it can further consume airflow energy, reduce pressure fluctuations, and make the gas flow more stable. The damping groove 155 consists of multiple sets of annular grooves with a semi-circular cross-section, which create multiple obstacles to the airflow. When the gas passes through the annular groove, some of the airflow enters the semi-circular groove to form a vortex. Friction and energy exchange occur between the vortex and the mainstream gas, consuming the kinetic energy of the airflow. At the same time, the arc-shaped surface of the annular groove changes the flow direction of the airflow, causing the gas to repeatedly collide between the groove and the chamber wall, further weakening the impact force of the airflow. The superposition of multiple annular grooves can continuously apply resistance to the airflow, reduce gas velocity fluctuations, and allow the airflow to enter the subsequent flow stabilizing core 153 more smoothly, thus ensuring the formation of a uniform and stable protective air curtain.

[0093] Multiple sets of honeycomb-shaped flow stabilizing holes are formed on the flow stabilizing core 153.

[0094] With this configuration, the honeycomb flow stabilizing holes can divide the airflow into multiple fine and uniform airflows, forcing the airflow to flow in a fixed direction, eliminating turbulence, and allowing the gas to enter the front end of the air outlet 15 at a stable speed and direction, laying the foundation for the formation of a uniform air curtain.

[0095] The nozzle 15 has multiple main air ports 156 and multiple auxiliary air ports 157 at the end away from the gun body. The axis of the main air port 156 is parallel to the axis of the nozzle 15, and the axis of the auxiliary air port 157 forms an angle α with the axis of the main air port 156 (α ∈ 15 to 45°).

[0096] With this configuration, the gas ejected from the main vent 156 can directly cover the core area of ​​the molten pool, forming the main protective barrier; the gas ejected from the auxiliary vent 157 is inclined and diffused in all directions, which can block the surrounding air from approaching the molten pool and expand the protection range; the included angle of 15° to 45° can both expand the protection area and prevent the gas from interfering with each other or losing too much energy due to the angle being too large.

[0097] Specifically, after the gas enters the outlet nozzle 15 from the gas guide cavity, it first flows into the slow-flow cavity 154 through the gas guide hole 152 on the baffle 151. The outlet of the trumpet-shaped gas guide hole 152 slows down the gas flow rate, and the damping groove 155 further stabilizes the airflow. Subsequently, the gas passes through the honeycomb-shaped flow stabilizing holes of the flow stabilizing core 153 and is combed into a uniform and orderly airflow. Finally, the airflow is ejected from the main gas hole 156 and the auxiliary gas hole 157 respectively. The gas from the main gas hole 156 acts vertically on the surface of the molten pool to form a core protective gas layer; the gas from the auxiliary gas hole 157 diffuses outward at an angle of 15° to 45°, forming a protective ring around the core gas layer. The two work together to isolate the air in all directions, prevent the molten pool from oxidizing, and ensure welding quality. At the same time, the gas, after undergoing multi-stage flow stabilization treatment, has stable pressure and uniform distribution when ejected, which can adapt to the requirements of different welding speeds and weld shapes.

[0098] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the laser transmission module also includes a fiber laser 23, a collimating lens 24, a focusing lens 25, and a protective lens 26.

[0099] With this configuration, the fiber laser 23 serves as the laser source, providing a high-energy-density laser beam; the collimating lens 24 corrects the diverging laser beam into parallel light, ensuring stable laser transmission direction; the focusing lens 25 focuses the parallel laser beam onto the welding area, forming a high-temperature molten pool; and the protective lens 26 blocks spatter and fumes generated during the welding process, preventing contamination of other optical components. The four components work together to ensure the stability of laser transmission and focusing accuracy.

[0100] The fiber laser 23 is mounted at the bottom of the gun handle 11. The collimating lens 24 is detached from the gun handle 11 by bolts. The focusing lens 25 and the protective lens 26 are detached from the gun body 12 by bolts.

[0101] With this configuration, the fiber laser 23 is mounted at the bottom of the gun handle 11, which lowers the center of gravity of the gun and improves operational stability. The collimating lens 24, focusing lens 25, and protective lens 26 are connected by bolts for easy removal. This makes it easy to replace lenses with different parameters (such as focusing lenses 25 with different focal lengths) according to welding requirements. It also makes it easy to clean, repair, or replace the lenses when they are worn or contaminated, reducing maintenance costs and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio, comprising a gun body, characterized in that: The gun body is equipped with a laser transmission module, and the gun body includes a handle (11) and a gun body (12). The laser transmission module includes a reflector (21) and a first drive motor (22), wherein the reflector (21) is mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor (22); The gun body (12) has a gun head (13) detached from one end, and the first drive motor (22) is installed at the other end of the gun body (12). A protective gas input box (31) is provided on one side of the gun handle (11). The gun body (12) has a buffer chamber (47) at one end near the gun head (13), a mixing chamber is provided at the top of the gun body (12), a gas channel is provided on the gun body, and the buffer chamber (47) and the mixing chamber are connected through the gas channel and the protective gas input box (31) to form a protective gas dynamic ratio output path; The mixing chamber is equipped with a proportioning component, which includes a dispensing component and a mixing component. The distribution component includes a flow divider valve (41) and a second drive motor (42). The output shaft of the second drive motor (42) is connected to the valve core of the flow divider valve (41). Angle sensors are provided inside the first drive motor (22) and the second drive motor (42). The gun handle (11) is provided with a control module (51) and a control button (52). The control module (51) is electrically connected to the control button (52) and the angle sensor respectively. The mixing component includes a mixing chamber (43), the inner wall of which is uniformly distributed with at least three sets of spiral guide vanes (44), and the mixing chamber (43) is provided with a cross-shaped baffle (45).

2. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing chamber (43) is a stepped cylindrical shape, including a first chamber segment, a second chamber segment and a third chamber segment with successively decreasing diameters, and the chamber segments are connected by a conical transition section; The three sets of spiral guide vanes (44) are respectively disposed in the first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity. The spiral guide vanes (44) are provided with triangular guide teeth (441), and the spiral guide vanes (44) of adjacent cavities have opposite spiral directions.

3. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-shaped spoiler (45) includes four sets of arms (451), a mounting platform (452), and a connecting ring (453). The mounting platform (452) is connected to the connecting ring (453) through four sets of arms (451), and the arms (451) are provided with a windward side and a leeward side; The windward side is uniformly arrayed with turbulence blocks (454) along the length of the arm (451), the turbulence blocks (454) are fin-shaped, the leeward side is a smooth arc surface, and the mounting platform (452) is provided with guide strips (455), the guide strips (455) are spirally arranged on the mounting platform (452); The inlet end of the first cavity section is provided with an annular groove, and the connecting ring (453) is installed in the annular groove by bearing.

4. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing component also includes a premixer (46) disposed between the mixing chamber (43) and the diverter valve (41); The premixer (46) is a hollow cylinder, and a scraper (461), a filter layer (463), and a metal plate (464) are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction inside the premixer (46). The premixer (46) includes an end cap (465) and a housing (466). The end cap (465) is installed at one end of the housing (466). The end cap (465) has an air outlet. The housing (466) has an air inlet at one end away from the end cap (465). The air outlet is connected to the mixing chamber (43). The air inlet is connected to the air outlet of the diverter valve (41). The air outlet is provided with multiple sets of guide vanes (467), which are evenly arrayed along the circumferential direction of the premixer (46), and the guide vanes (467) are inclined. The premixer (46) is provided with a central shaft (462). One end of the central shaft (462) is rotatably connected to the end cap (465), and the other end is rotatably connected to the end of the housing (466) away from the end cap (465). The scraper (461) is sleeved on the central shaft (462). One side of the scraper (461) is in contact with the filter layer (463). A dust collection box (468) is provided below the scraper (461). The dust collection box (468) is detachably connected to the premixer (46). The metal plate (464) has multiple sets of through holes.

5. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective gas input box (31) is provided with two sets of gas inlet ports (311) and two sets of gas outlet ports (312), and the gas channel includes two sets of main channels (321) and branch channels (322). Two sets of main channels (321) are arranged on both sides of the gun body. The two sets of outlet ports (312) of the protective gas input box (31) are connected to the inlet end of the diversion valve (41) through the main channels (321). The two sets of inlet ports (311) of the protective gas input box (31) are connected to an external gas source. The branch channel (322) is located on one side of the gun body. One end of the branch channel (322) is connected to the air outlet of the mixing chamber (43), and the other end of the branch channel (322) is connected to the buffer chamber (47).

6. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer chamber (47) is an annular side-mounted cavity opened inside the gun body (12) near the gun head (13). One side of the buffer chamber (47) is connected to the air outlet of the mixing chamber (43) through the branch channel (322), and the other side has multiple sets of air outlets (472). The buffer cavity (47) is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate (471), and the two ends of the arc-shaped guide plate (471) extend towards the circumference of the buffer cavity (47).

7. A laser welding torch with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gun head (13) is provided with a partition (131), which is integrally formed with the gun head (13). The partition (131) divides the inner cavity of the gun head (13) into a laser guiding cavity and a gas guiding cavity. The gun head (13) is provided with two sets of sealing platforms (132) at one end, and each sealing platform (132) is fitted with a sealing sleeve (133). The sealing platform (132) is threadedly connected to the gun head (13). The gun head (13) has a through hole located between the two sets of sealing platforms (132). The gas guiding chamber is connected to the air outlet (472) of the buffer chamber (47) through the through hole. An adjustment ring (14) is provided on one side of the through hole. The adjustment ring (14) is located in the gas guiding cavity. An air outlet (15) is provided at the end of the gun head (13) away from the gun body.

8. The laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjusting ring (14) has multiple sets of adjusting holes (141), and an adjusting core (142) is provided in the adjusting hole (141). The adjusting core (142) is provided with a piston (143) at one end. The piston (143) is slidably connected to the adjusting hole (141). A spring (144) for resetting the adjusting core (142) is sleeved on the adjusting core (142). One end of the spring (144) is connected to the bottom of the adjusting hole (141). A limiting ring (145) is provided at the opening end of the adjusting hole (141). Multiple sets of air distribution holes (146) are formed on the inner wall of the multiple sets of adjustment holes (141). The multiple sets of air distribution holes (146) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the adjustment holes (141). The number of adjustment holes (141) corresponds to the through holes on the gun body, and the axis of the adjustment hole (141) coincides with the axis of the through hole of the gun body.

9. A laser welding gun with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air outlet (15) has a baffle (151) at one end, and multiple sets of air guide holes (152) are opened on the baffle (151). The air guide hole (152) is horn-shaped at the end away from the gun body. The air outlet (15) has a flow stabilizing core (153) inside. A slow flow cavity (154) is formed between the baffle (151) and the flow stabilizing core (153). A damping groove (155) is opened on the inner wall of the slow flow cavity (154). The current stabilizing core (153) has multiple sets of honeycomb-shaped current stabilizing holes; The air outlet (15) has multiple sets of main air holes (156) and multiple sets of auxiliary air holes (157) at the end away from the gun body. The axis of the main air hole (156) is parallel to the axis of the air outlet (15), and the axis of the auxiliary air hole (157) forms an angle α with the axis of the main air hole (156) (α∈15° to 45°).

10. A laser welding torch with dynamic protective gas ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser transmission module also includes a fiber laser (23), a collimating lens (24), a focusing lens (25), and a protective lens (26). The fiber laser (23) is mounted on the bottom of the gun handle (11), the collimating lens (24) is detachably connected to the gun handle (11) by bolts, and the focusing lens (25) and the protective lens (26) are detachably connected to the gun body (12) by bolts.

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