Root-soil separation device for mechanical harvesting of liquorice and beneficial to reducing damage

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquorice mechanical harvesting root-soil separating device beneficial to reducing damage, and relates to the technical field of liquorice harvest, the liquorice mechanical harvesting root-soil separating device comprises a rack, the rack is installed on a driving vehicle, and the driving vehicle at least comprises angle adjusting equipment used for adjusting the inclination angle of the rack; the walking wheels are rotationally arranged at the bottom of the rack; the digging shovel is fixed at one end of the machine frame in the advancing direction; the driving motor is fixed on the upper end surface of the rack; the first separation assembly is mounted in the rack; the second separation assembly is mounted below the rack, and the first separation assembly and the second separation assembly are both driven by the driving motor; the collecting assembly is hinged into the rack and located at the discharging end of the first separating assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of licorice harvesting technology, specifically to a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage. Background Technology

[0002] Licorice is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and its medicinal value mainly lies in its roots. In the mechanized harvesting of licorice, one of the key steps is separating the licorice roots from the tightly bound soil. Existing root-soil separation devices mostly employ rigid digging shovels, oscillating screens, or impact drums, which present the following prominent problems: High damage rate: Rigid parts (such as shovel blades and steel rods) come into direct contact with the epidermis of licorice roots during the separation process, which can easily cause scratches and breakage. Licorice roots have many rootlets and are brittle, especially the main root which is of high value and is easily damaged. Incomplete separation: For clay soils, simple vibration or sieving is insufficient to completely remove soil clumps wrapped between roots, resulting in high soil content and increasing the burden of subsequent washing. To address the above problems, this invention provides a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage, thereby solving the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a root-soil separation device for mechanized licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage, comprising: A frame is mounted on a drive vehicle, and the drive vehicle includes at least an angle adjustment device for adjusting the tilt angle of the frame; The traveling wheels are rotatably mounted at the bottom of the frame; The digging shovel is fixed at one end of the frame in the direction of travel. The drive motor is fixed to the upper end face of the frame; The first separation component is installed within the frame; The second separation component is installed below the frame, and both the first and second separation components are driven by the drive motor. The collecting component is hinged within the frame and located at the discharge end of the first separating component.

[0004] Further, preferably, the first separation component includes: The drive shaft is rotatably mounted inside the frame, and a drive gear and a synchronizing gear are fixed at its two ends respectively. The synchronizing gear is connected to the drive motor by a synchronous belt. The driven shaft is rotatably disposed within the frame, and its position is lower than that of the driving shaft; The chain is fitted onto the drive shaft and the driven shaft; Multiple conveying components are configured and fixed at equal intervals on the chain; The floating component is fixed within the frame and contacts the chain located above it.

[0005] Furthermore, preferably, the conveying assembly includes a toothed plate with multiple elastic comb teeth fixed on it. The elastic comb teeth are made of a high-molecular elastic material and have a smooth ball-shaped end structure.

[0006] Further, preferably, the floating component includes: The bearing housing is fixed inside the frame, and a floating shaft is rotatably installed inside it; The driven gear is fixed at one end of the floating shaft and is driven by the drive gear. Two triangular plates are configured and symmetrically fixed on the floating shaft; Multiple rollers are configured and rotatably positioned at the three apex positions of the triangular plate, with the positions of the rollers corresponding to those of the chain.

[0007] Further, preferably, the second separation component includes: The drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the frame and is connected to the drive motor by a synchronous belt for transmission. Two drive disks are configured and symmetrically fixed at both ends of the drive shaft, and an eccentric column is fixed at one end of each drive disk that is far apart from the other. A swing arm is rotatably mounted on the frame at its middle position, and one end is connected to the eccentric column by a connecting rod. The second swing rod has one end rotatably mounted on the frame, and the other end rotatably mounted with a separation frame. The other end of the separation frame is rotatably connected to the first swing rod. The sieve plate assembly is fixed inside the separation frame.

[0008] Further, preferably, the sieve plate assembly includes: Both sieve plate one and sieve plate two are fixed inside the separation frame, and sieve plate one and sieve plate two are located on the same plane; Screen plate three is fixed inside the separation frame and located below screen plate two.

[0009] Furthermore, preferably, the sieve holes of sieve plate one and sieve plate three are the same, and the sieve hole diameter of sieve plate two is larger than that of sieve plate one and sieve plate three.

[0010] Further, preferably, the collection component includes: A rotating shaft is rotatably mounted inside the frame, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft; A buffer plate is fixed on the rotating shaft and faces the collection box, which is fixed to the end of the frame away from the digging shovel or to the drive vehicle. The rotating shaft is in contact with the elastic comb teeth.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a root-soil separation device for mechanized licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage, and has the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly reduces damage rate: The use of polymer elastic comb teeth to replace rigid components, combined with the intermittent undulating motion generated by the floating components, simulates gentle human combing, effectively avoiding scratches and breakage of brittle roots.

[0012] 2. Thorough and efficient separation: A two-stage separation system is constructed. The first stage is a flexible comb that removes root soil adhesion, and the second stage is a vibrating screen that achieves fine separation of soil. Multiple screen plates of various sizes ensure thorough separation of soil and stones, making it easy for soil to flow back into the soil. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first separation component of a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the conveying component structure of a root-soil separation device for mechanized licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the floating component structure of a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the location of the first separation component in a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the second separation component of a mechanized root-soil separation device for licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage; In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Wheels; 3. Excavator shovel; 4. Drive motor; 5. First separation assembly; 6. Second separation assembly; 7. Collection assembly; 51. Drive gear; 52. Driven shaft; 53. Chain; 54. Conveying assembly; 55. Floating assembly; 71. Rotating shaft; 72. Buffer plate; 541. Toothed plate; 542. Elastic comb teeth; 551. Floating shaft; 552. Bearing seat; 553. Driven gear; 554. Triangular plate; 555. Roller; 61. Drive shaft; 62. Drive disc; 63. Connecting rod; 64. Swing rod one; 65. Swing rod two; 66. Separation frame; 67. Screen plate one; 68. Screen plate two; 69. Screen plate three. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Reference Figures 1-6 This invention provides a technical solution: a root-soil separation device for mechanized licorice harvesting that helps reduce damage, comprising: A frame 1 is mounted on a drive vehicle, and the drive vehicle includes at least an angle adjustment device for adjusting the tilt angle of the frame 1. The traveling wheels 2 are rotatably mounted at the bottom of the frame 1; The excavating shovel 3 is fixed at one end of the frame 1 in the forward direction; The drive motor 4 is fixed to the upper end face of the frame 1; The first separation component 5 is installed inside the frame 1; The second separation component 6 is installed below the frame 1, and both the first separation component 5 and the second separation component 6 are driven by the drive motor 4; The collecting component 7 is hinged within the frame 1 and located at the discharge end of the first separating component 5.

[0015] The angle adjustment device is an existing device, and its purpose is to adjust the tilt angle of the frame 1, thereby controlling the digging depth of the digging shovel 3. Its specific structure will not be described in detail.

[0016] In this embodiment, the first separation component 5 includes: The drive shaft is rotatably mounted inside the frame 1, and a drive gear 51 and a synchronous gear are fixed at its two ends respectively. The synchronous gear is connected to the drive motor 4 by a synchronous belt. Driven shaft 52 is rotatably disposed within the frame 1, and its position height is lower than that of the drive shaft; Chain 53 is sleeved on the drive shaft and driven shaft 52; Multiple conveying components 54 are configured and fixed at equal intervals on the chain 53; The floating component 55 is fixed inside the frame 1 and contacts the chain 53 located above it.

[0017] Preferably, the conveying assembly 54 includes a toothed plate 541, on which a plurality of elastic comb teeth 542 are fixed. The elastic comb teeth 542 are made of a high-molecular elastic material and have a smooth ball head structure at their ends.

[0018] In other words, when the excavated licorice falls onto the elastic comb teeth 542, because the elastic comb teeth 542 are flexible, they will bend and elastically deform when they encounter resistance. Through their own deformation, the elastic comb teeth 542 achieve soft gripping of different licorice. When the elastic potential energy accumulated by bending reaches a certain level, the elastic comb teeth 542 will quickly bounce back or slip off. This process generates an instantaneous shearing force and impact force on the soil clods on the licorice. During the transport process, multiple elastic comb teeth 542 continuously and repeatedly bend the soil clods, store energy, and release energy in a cycle. This high-frequency, low-amplitude impact can effectively fatigue and break the tough soil clods, turning them from large pieces into small pieces, and loosening and falling off the roots.

[0019] Additionally, the floating component 55 includes: The bearing housing 552 is fixed inside the frame 1, and a floating shaft 551 is rotatably installed inside it; Driven gear 553 is fixed at one end of the floating shaft 551 and is driven by the drive gear 51; Two triangular plates 554 are configured and symmetrically fixed on the floating shaft 551; Multiple rollers 555 are configured and rotatably positioned at the three apex positions of the triangular plate 554, and the positions of the rollers 555 and the chain 53 are arranged correspondingly.

[0020] It should be noted that when the licorice is conveyed to the floating component 55, the rotating triangular plate 554 can drive the roller 555 to intermittently push the chain, thereby causing the triangular plate 554 to perform intermittent undulating movements, forcibly causing repeated relative displacement between the licorice roots and the elastic comb teeth 542, which facilitates the rebound impact of the elastic comb teeth 542.

[0021] In addition, licorice roots are dense and easily entangled. Continuous rigid pulling can easily lead to breakage. Intermittent floating allows the elastic comb teeth 542 to lift and fall when they encounter tangled roots, thus straightening and separating the roots in a gentler way, rather than forcibly tearing them off, thus avoiding damage to the licorice.

[0022] In this embodiment, the second separation component 6 includes: The drive shaft 61 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and is connected to the drive motor 4 by a synchronous belt for transmission. Two drive disks 62 are configured and symmetrically fixed at both ends of the drive shaft 61, and an eccentric column is fixed at one end of each drive disk 62 that is far apart from each other. A swing arm 64 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 at its middle position, and one end is connected to the eccentric column by a connecting rod 63; The swing rod 65 has one end rotatably mounted on the frame 1, and the other end rotatably mounted on one end of the separation frame 66. The other end of the separation frame 66 is rotatably connected to the swing rod 64. The sieve plate assembly is fixed inside the separator 66.

[0023] In other words, the second separation component 6 receives the soil-rock mixture processed by the first separation component 5. Through the vibration generated by the drive disc 62 and the swing rod 64, the screen plate assembly causes the materials with different specific gravities and sizes to have different motion differences, and separates and conveys the soil-rock mixture.

[0024] Preferably, the sieve plate assembly includes: Both sieve plate 67 and sieve plate 68 are fixed inside the separating frame 66, and sieve plate 67 and sieve plate 68 are located on the same plane. Screen plate 3 69 is fixed inside the separator 66 and located below screen plate 2 68.

[0025] In addition, the sieve holes of sieve plate 67 and sieve plate 69 are the same, and the sieve hole diameter of sieve plate 68 is larger than that of sieve plate 67 and sieve plate 69.

[0026] In other words, the soil and rocks are initially separated by sieve plate 67. After that, the soil flows back and the rocks pass through sieve plate 68 into sieve plate 69 for collection. At the same time, the rocks continue to be separated in sieve plate 69 to improve the separation effect.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the collection component 7 includes: A rotating shaft 71 is rotatably disposed within the frame 1, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft 71; A buffer plate 72 is fixed on the rotating shaft 71, and the buffer plate 72 faces the collection box. The collection box is fixed on the end of the frame 1 away from the digging shovel 3 or fixed on the drive vehicle. The rotating shaft 71 is in contact with the elastic comb teeth 542.

[0028] In other words, the licorice separated by the first separation component 5 falls onto the buffer plate 72, and the buffer plate 72 buffers and throws the licorice with a torsion spring, thereby separating it again.

[0029] It should be noted that multiple separation holes can be made on the buffer plate 72 to facilitate the falling of soil.

[0030] In practice, the frame 1 is installed on the drive vehicle, and the angle is adjusted by the angle adjustment device to adapt to different digging depths and crop conditions. Then the drive vehicle drives the frame 1 to move, and the digging shovel 3 digs the licorice. The dug licorice and soil are transported and separated by the first separation component. The separated soil is separated from the stones inside by the second separation component, so that it can flow back into the soil. The separated licorice falls on the collection component for buffering and throwing, and then undergoes secondary separation before finally falling into the collection box.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized licorice root-soil separation apparatus that facilitates reduced damage, characterized in that, It includes: The rack (1) is installed on the drive car, and the drive car includes at least an angle adjusting device for adjusting the inclination angle of the rack (1); Walking wheel (2), rotationally arranged at the bottom of the rack (1); Excavating shovel (3), fixed at one end of the forward direction of the rack (1); Drive motor (4), fixed at the upper end surface of the rack (1); The first separation assembly (5) is installed in the rack (1); The second separation assembly (6) is installed below the rack (1), and the first separation assembly (5) and the second separation assembly (6) are driven by the drive motor (4); The collection assembly (7) is hinged in the rack (1), and is located at the discharge end of the first separation assembly (5).

2. The licorice mechanized root-soil separation device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first separation assembly (5) includes: The driving shaft is rotationally arranged in the rack (1), and the two ends thereof are respectively fixed with driving gear (51) and synchronous gear, the synchronous gear is connected with the drive motor (4) by synchronous belt; The driven shaft (52) is rotationally arranged in the rack (1), and the position height thereof is lower than that of the driving shaft; Chain (53), sleeved on the driving shaft and driven shaft (52); The conveying assembly (54) is configured as a plurality of equidistantly fixed on the chain (53); The floating assembly (55) is fixed in the rack (1) and in contact with the chain (53) above.

3. A mechanical licorice root-soil separating device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conveying assembly (54) includes a toothed plate (541), a plurality of elastic comb teeth (542) are fixed on the toothed plate (541), the elastic comb teeth (542) are made of high polymer elastic material, and the distal end thereof is a smooth ball head structure.

4. The licorice mechanized root-soil separation device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The floating assembly (55) includes: Bearing seat (552), fixed in the rack (1), and the inner portion thereof is rotationally arranged with a floating shaft (551); Driven gear (553), fixed at one end of the floating shaft (551), and driven by the driving gear (51); The triangular plate (554) is configured as two and symmetrically fixed on the floating shaft (551); Roller shaft (555), configured as a plurality of, rotationally arranged at the positions of the three top corners of the triangular plate (554), and the roller shaft (555) is correspondingly arranged with the position of the chain (53).

5. The licorice mechanized root-soil separation device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second separation assembly (6) includes: Drive shaft (61), rotationally arranged on the rack (1), and connected with the drive motor (4) by synchronous belt; Drive disc (62), configured as two, symmetrically fixed at the two ends of the drive shaft (61), and one end of the two drive discs (62) is fixed with an eccentric column; Swing rod one (64), rotationally arranged at the middle position of the rack (1), and one end thereof is connected with the eccentric column by connecting rod (63); Swing rod two (65), one end rotationally arranged on the rack (1), the other end rotationally arranged with one end of the separation frame (66), the other end of the separation frame (66) rotationally connected with the swing rod one (64); The sieve plate assembly is fixed in the separation frame (66).

6. A mechanical licorice root-soil separating device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sieve plate assembly includes: The first screen plate (67) and the second screen plate (68) are fixed in the separation frame (66) and are located in the same plane. The third screen plate (69) is fixed in the separation frame (66) and is located below the second screen plate (68).

7. A mechanical licorice root-soil separating device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The screen hole diameters of the first screen plate (67) and the third screen plate (69) are the same, and the screen hole diameter of the second screen plate (68) is larger than those of the first screen plate (67) and the third screen plate (69).

8. The licorice mechanized root-soil separation device that facilitates damage reduction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collection assembly (7) comprises: A rotating shaft (71) is rotatably arranged in the frame (1), and a torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft (71); A buffer plate (72) is fixed on the rotating shaft (71), and the buffer plate (72) faces a collection box, which is fixed on one end of the frame (1) away from the digging shovel (3) or is fixed on the driving vehicle; The rotating shaft (71) is in contact with the elastic comb teeth (542).

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