Application of fermented soybean meal and / or mannan oligosaccharide in improvement of production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of Hu sheep

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to application of fermented soybean meal and / or mannan oligosaccharide in improvement of production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of Hu sheep. The invention provides a Hu sheep fattening feed. The Hu sheep fattening feed is prepared from any one of the following components: (1) 6-10% of fermented soybean meal is added into a basic ration of Hu sheep; (2) adding 0.2%-0.4% of mannan oligosaccharide into the basic ration of the Hu sheep; and (3) adding 6%-10% of fermented soybean meal and 0.2%-0.4% of mannan oligosaccharide into the basic ration of the Hu sheep. When the feed is used for feeding the Hu sheep, the production performance, the slaughter performance, the meat quality and the gastrointestinal tract index of the Hu sheep can be improved, and a scientific basis and a technical support are provided for efficient breeding of the Hu sheep.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to the application of fermented soybean meal and / or mannose oligosaccharide in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of Hu sheep. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hu sheep, as a high-quality meat sheep breed in China, has the characteristics of fast growth, strong reproduction, and tender meat, and plays an important role in large-scale breeding. With the development of intensive sheep breeding, feed nutrition regulation has become a core means to improve breeding efficiency, and the application of protein feed and functional prebiotics has attracted much attention.

[0003] Soybean meal is a commonly used plant protein source for ruminants, but the anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors and plant lectins in it can damage the intestinal mucosa, and the rumen degradation pattern of protein is not balanced, which limits the utilization efficiency of nutrients. Fermented soybean meal can degrade anti-nutritional factors through solid-state fermentation by microorganisms, convert large molecular proteins into small molecular peptides and free amino acids, improve protein utilization, and at the same time produce metabolic products such as organic acids and vitamins to improve feed palatability.

[0004] Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) As a functional prebiotic, it can specifically bind to pathogenic bacteria in the intestine and prevent their colonization, and at the same time, as a substrate for beneficial bacteria, it can promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, optimize the intestinal flora structure and enhance the immune function of the host. However, there are few studies on ruminants.

[0005] Existing research lacks systematic verification of the correlation between production performance, slaughter performance and gastrointestinal development of Hu sheep during the fattening period. Moreover, there is no discovery of fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide synergistic Hu sheep special feed, which is of great significance to solve the problems of insufficient feed nutritional efficiency and limited meat quality improvement. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application combines the physiological characteristics of Hu sheep during the fattening period to verify the application effect of fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide added alone and in combination. A fattening feed for improving the production performance, slaughter performance and gastrointestinal development of Hu sheep is provided, which provides a scientific basis and technical support for efficient breeding of Hu sheep. In particular, the application of fermented soybean meal and / or mannose oligosaccharide in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of Hu sheep.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides a Hu sheep fattening feed, which comprises any one of the following: (1) adding 6% to 10% of fermented soybean meal in the basic daily ration of Hu sheep; (2) adding 0.2% to 0.4% of mannose oligosaccharide in the basic daily ration of Hu sheep; (3) adding 6%-10% of the fermented soybean meal and 0.2%-0.4% of the mannose oligosaccharide in the basic daily feed of the Hu sheep.

[0008] Preferably, the basic daily feed of the Hu sheep comprises the following components in the following mass fractions: corn 3.5-4.2 parts, soybean meal 1.2-2.5 parts, wheat bran 1.3-1.7 parts, alfalfa grass 1.6-2.0 parts, premix 0.3-0.5 parts, stone powder 0.08-0.12 parts, salt 0.06-0.1 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.05-0.09 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the premix comprises the following components in the following contents per kilogram: vitamin A 70000IU-90000IU, vitamin D3 4000IU-6000IU, vitamin E 200IU-300IU, vitamin B1 40mg-60mg, vitamin B2 80mg-100mg, iron 700mg-900mg, copper 40mg-60mg, manganese 150mg-250mg, zinc 400mg-600mg, iodine 1mg-2mg, selenium 0.2mg-0.4mg, cobalt 0.05mg-0.15mg.

[0010] The application further provides application of the fattening feed of the Hu sheep in improving production performance of the Hu sheep.

[0011] The application further provides application of the fattening feed of the Hu sheep in improving slaughter performance of the Hu sheep.

[0012] The application further provides application of the fattening feed of the Hu sheep in improving meat quality of the Hu sheep.

[0013] The application further provides application of the fattening feed of the Hu sheep in promoting gastrointestinal development of the Hu sheep.

[0014] The application further provides application of the fermented soybean meal and / or the mannose oligosaccharide in improving production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of the Hu sheep, wherein the fermented soybean meal and / or the mannose oligosaccharide are added to the basic daily feed of the Hu sheep to feed the Hu sheep.

[0015] Preferably, the fermented soybean meal is added in an amount of 6%-10%; the mannose oligosaccharide is added in an amount of 0.2%-0.4%.

[0016] Preferably, the basic daily feed of the Hu sheep comprises the following components in the following mass fractions: corn 3.5-4.2 parts, soybean meal 1.2-2.5 parts, wheat bran 1.3-1.7 parts, alfalfa grass 1.6-2.0 parts, premix 0.3-0.5 parts, stone powder 0.08-0.12 parts, salt 0.06-0.1 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.05-0.09 parts.

[0017] The present application has the following advantages: (1) Improve production performance: the average daily gain of Hu sheep is 0.32 kg / d, and the total gain is 19.89 kg, which is significantly higher than that of the control group (0.31 kg / d, 19.03 kg), and the feed conversion efficiency is optimized; (2) Improve slaughter performance: the live weight of Hu sheep before slaughter (60.53 kg) and carcass weight (34.2 kg) fed with the feed of the basic diet added with fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide are significantly higher than those of the control group (59.75 kg, 32.6 kg), and the dressing rate is 56.5%, which is 1.63 percentage points higher than that of the control group; (3) Optimize meat quality: the 45-minute brightness L value (24.3) and 24-hour brightness L value (25.1) of Hu sheep meat color fed with the feed of the basic diet added with fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide are significantly higher than those of the control group, the drip loss rate (1.70%) is lower than that of the control group (2.07%), and the meat water retention is improved; (4) Promote the development of gastrointestinal tract: the rectal length (102.6 cm) of Hu sheep fed with the feed of the basic diet added with fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide is significantly higher than that of the control group (89.5 cm), which is 14.6% higher than that of the control group, and the function of transporting and excreting the end of the intestinal tract is optimized; at the same time, the jejunum length (37.10 m), cecum length (141.58 cm), and colon length (542.86 cm) of Hu sheep fed with the feed of the basic diet added with fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide are slightly increased (the increase amplitudes are 6.5%, 4.7%, and 2.7%, respectively) compared with those of the control group (34.82 m, 135.29 cm, and 528.64 cm), and the duodenum and ileum lengths are basically the same as those of the control group. The overall length of the key section of the intestinal tract is prolonged, the intestinal structure is optimized, sufficient physiological space is provided for the full digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the growth performance of Hu sheep is further improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] 1. Test grouping

[0021] Select 60 weight similar (initial average weight 31.0±1.1kg) 3-month-old healthy lake sheep male lambs, according to the homogeneity principle randomly divided into 4 groups (control group (CON), basic diet + fermented soybean meal (FS) group, basic diet + mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) group, basic diet + fermented soybean meal + mannose oligosaccharide (FS+MOS)), each group 15 repeats. The test period is 75 days, including 15 days of pretest period and 60 days of test period.

[0022] 2. Feeding management and index determination

[0023] (1) Feeding management: before the test, disinfect the sheep house, and immunize and number the test sheep. Single pen feeding (pen area 4m²), twice a day at 08:00 and 17:00, free drinking water. Control the temperature of the pen 20℃, humidity 55%, clean up 2 times a day, disinfect 1 time a week. Each group of lake sheep is fed with basic diet during the pretest period, and different groups are fed with different feeds during the test period. CON group continues to be fed with basic diet; FS group is fed with basic diet + 8% fermented soybean meal; MOS group is fed with basic diet + 0.3% mannose oligosaccharide; FS+MOS group is fed with basic diet + 8% fermented soybean meal + 0.3% mannose oligosaccharide. The percentage of added fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide is calculated based on the basic diet.

[0024] The basic diet includes the following components by mass fraction: corn 3.85 parts, soybean meal 2.2 parts, wheat bran 1.5 parts, alfalfa 1.8 parts, premix 0.4 parts, stone powder 0.1 parts, salt 0.08 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.07 parts. Each kilogram of premix contains vitamin A 80000IU, vitamin D3 5000IU, vitamin E 250IU, vitamin B1 50mg, vitamin B2 90mg, iron 800mg, copper 50mg, manganese 200mg, zinc 500mg, iodine 1.5mg, selenium 0.3mg, cobalt 0.1mg.

[0025] (2) Production performance determination: on the 0th, 30th and 60th day of the test period, the body weight was recorded before morning feeding, and the average daily gain (ADG) was calculated.

[0026] (3) Slaughter performance determination: after the end of the test period, the lake sheep was slaughtered by neck vein bleeding, and the pre-slaughter live weight and carcass weight were determined, and the dressing percentage (carcass weight / pre-slaughter live weight×100%) was calculated.

[0027] (4) Meat quality determination: the left half carcass longissimus dorsi muscle was collected, and the pH value, meat color Lab value (brightness L , redness a , yellowness b ), drip loss rate, water loss rate, shear force and cooked meat rate were determined at 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter.

[0028] (5) Substantial organ determination: After slaughter, the hearts, livers, spleens, kidneys, and testes of Hu sheep fed different feeds were weighed to study the effects of different feeds on the substantial organs of Hu sheep.

[0029] (6) Body condition and body size determination: On day 0, day 30, and day 60 of the test period, the body height (vertical distance from the highest point of the scapula to the ground), body length (horizontal distance from the shoulder to the hip), chest depth (vertical distance from the rear edge of the scapula to the lower edge of the sternum), cross section height (vertical distance from the cross section to the ground), chest width (widest distance of the left and right chest wall from the rear edge of the scapula), girth (perimeter of the thinnest part of the forelimb tube bone), and chest circumference (horizontal perimeter of the chest from the rear edge of the scapula) were measured using a tape measure (precision 0.1 cm) to study the effects of different feeds on the body condition and body size of Hu sheep.

[0030] (7) Intestinal development determination: Immediately after slaughter, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum were isolated, and the length was measured along the natural direction of the intestine using a flexible ruler (precision 0.1 cm).

[0031] 3. Test results and analysis

[0032] 3.1 Effects of different feeds on the production performance of Hu sheep

[0033] The results of different feeds on the daily weight gain of Hu sheep are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1 Effects of different feeds on the growth performance of Hu sheep

[0035] As shown in Table 1, the production performance of Hu sheep in the FS+MOS group was the best, with higher average daily weight gain and final body weight than the control group.

[0036] 3.2 Effects of different feeds on the slaughter performance of Hu sheep

[0037] The effects of different feeds on the slaughter performance of Hu sheep are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2 Slaughter performance of Hu sheep under different feeds

[0039] As shown in Table 2, the pre-slaughter live weight and carcass weight of Hu sheep in the FS+MOS group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05), the dressing percentage was increased by 1.63 percentage points compared to the control group, and there was no significant difference in the net meat rate ( P >0.05).

[0040] 3.3 Effects of different feeds on the meat quality of Hu sheep

[0041] The results of different feeds on the meat quality of Hu sheep are shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3 Effects of different feeds on meat quality of Hu sheep

[0043] Table 3 shows that among the 12 indicators of meat quality of the 4 groups of Hu sheep, only 45 minutes meat color L , 45 minutes meat color b , 24 hours meat color L , drip loss rate, and water loss rate have significant inter-group differences (P<0.05). 45 minutes pH, 24 hours pH, 45 minutes meat color a P , 24 hours meat color a , 24 hours meat color b , shear force, and cooked meat rate have no significant differences (P>0.05). Among the non-significant indicators, the 45 minutes pH and 24 hours pH of each group are within the normal range of fresh meat, and the values of meat color a , shear force, and cooked meat rate fluctuate less than 10%. Among the significant indicators, the FS+MOS group performs best, with 45 minutes L P , 24 hours L , and 45 minutes b significantly improved by 20.9%, 17.8%, and 20.5% respectively compared to the control group, and the drip loss rate and water loss rate are significantly reduced by 19.1% and 19.1% respectively compared to the control group. Although the fermented soybean meal group and the mannose oligosaccharide group show an improvement trend in the above indicators compared to the control group, they do not reach a significant level. Overall, the regulation of feed on the meat quality of Hu sheep is selective, only significantly improving the meat brightness, 45 minutes yellowness, and water retention, and the synergistic addition of fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide is the best. It has no significant effect on meat pH, redness, tenderness, and cooked meat rate. The regulation of feed on the meat quality of Hu sheep is selective: only significantly improving the meat brightness (L ), 45 minutes yellowness (b

[0044] ), and water retention, and the synergistic addition of fermented soybean meal and mannose oligosaccharide is the best. It has no significant effect on meat pH, redness (a ), tenderness, and cooked meat rate. Overall, this formula can be used to improve the appearance of bright and water retention of Hu sheep meat, and meet the core needs of meat quality in large-scale breeding. 3.4 Effects of different feeds on the actual organs of Hu sheep

[0045] The effects of different feeds on the actual organs of Hu sheep are shown in Table 4.

[0046] Table 4 Effects of different feeds on the actual organs of Hu sheep

[0047] Table 4 Effects of different feeds on the actual organs of Hu sheep ​

[0048] Table 4 shows that the heart weight, liver weight, kidney weight, and total testicular weight of the Hu sheep in the FS+MOS group were significantly higher than those in the control group. P <0.05, among which, the central weight increased by 10.5%, liver weight by 14.8%, kidney weight by 8.3%, and total testicular weight by 30.0% compared with the control group; lung weight showed an upward trend compared with the control group (increasing by 9.1%), and the difference was close to statistical significance. P =0.087); spleen weight was not significantly different from the control group ( P >0.05).

[0049] The liver weight and total testicular weight of the fermented soybean meal (FS) group showed an increasing trend compared with the control group (increasing by 9.9% and 16.7%, respectively), while the kidney weight showed no significant difference from the control group. P >0.05), with no significant difference in heart weight, spleen weight, and lung weight compared to the control group. P >0.05); the liver weight and total testicular weight of the mannan oligosaccharide group (MOS) showed an increasing trend compared with the control group, while the heart weight, spleen weight, lung weight, and kidney weight were not significantly different from the control group. P >0.05).

[0050] 3.5 Effects of different feeds on body condition and size of Hu sheep

[0051] The measurement results are shown in Table 5.

[0052] Table 5. Effects of different feeds on body condition and size of Hu sheep

[0053] Table 5 shows that there were no significant differences among the four groups of Hu sheep in all indicators, including body height, body length, chest depth, cross-shaped bone, chest width, cannon bone circumference, and chest circumference, at the end of the trial period (October 22). P >0.05); From the numerical trend analysis, the body height (75.20cm), chest width (28.60cm), and cannon bone circumference (9.30cm) of the Hu sheep in the FS+MOS group were basically the same as those in the control group (74.80cm, 28.73cm, 9.27cm), while the body length (99.33cm), chest depth (49.98cm), cross height (28.20cm), and chest circumference (96.20cm) were slightly lower than those in the control group (decline <1.6%). The body height of the Hu sheep in the FS group (75.20cm, 28.60cm, and 9.30cm) was slightly lower than that in the control group (decline <1.6%). The height (9.27cm) and canal circumference (9.43cm) of the MOS group were slightly higher than those of the control group (increase <1.7%), while other indicators were slightly lower (decrease <1.0%). In the MOS group, except for the canal circumference (9.27cm), which remained the same as the control group, all other indicators showed slight decreases (decrease <1.5%). Furthermore, in terms of growth increments from August to October, the growth rates of all body size indicators were similar across the four groups (height 9.5~10.9cm, length 7.2~8.2cm, chest circumference 12.6~13.7cm), with no significant differences between groups.P >0.05).

[0054] 3.6 Effects of different feeds on intestinal development of Hu sheep

[0055] The measurement results are shown in Table 6.

[0056] Table 6. Effects of different feeds on intestinal development in Hu sheep.

[0057] Table 6 shows that among the six intestinal length indicators (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) of the four groups of Hu sheep, only the rectal length showed a significant difference between groups. P <0.05), and the other 5 indicators showed no significant differences ( P >0.05). Among them, the rectal length of the FS+MOS group of Hu sheep (102.63±13.85cm) was significantly higher than that of the control group (89.52±16.37cm), an increase of 14.6% compared with the control group; the lengths of the duodenum (27.56±2.87cm), jejunum (37.10±4.35cm), ileum (123.64±15.87cm), cecum (141.58±19.72cm), and colon (542.86±63.98cm) were not significantly different from those of the control group, but the lengths of the jejunum, cecum, and colon showed a slight upward trend compared with the control group (the increases were 6.5%, 4.7%, and 2.7%, respectively), while the lengths of the duodenum and ileum were basically the same as those of the control group. The rectal length in the FS group (96.84±15.29cm) was 8.2% higher than that in the control group, and the rectal length in the MOS group (94.21±14.76cm) was 5.2% higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups and the control group. P >0.05); and the lengths of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon in both groups showed only slight fluctuations within ±5% compared to the control group, with no significant differences. P >0.05). Overall, the results show that the synergistic addition of fermented soybean meal and mannan oligosaccharides has a significant regulatory effect on the rectal length of Hu sheep, but has no significant effect on the length of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon.

[0058] As demonstrated by the above examples, adding fermented soybean meal and mannan oligosaccharides, either alone or in combination, to the basal diet of Hu sheep can improve their production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, and gastrointestinal indicators. The synergistic effect of adding fermented soybean meal and mannan oligosaccharides is particularly optimal. This provides a scientific basis and technical support for the efficient breeding of Hu sheep.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fattening feed for Hu sheep, characterized in that, comprising any one of the following: (1) adding 6%~10% of fermented soybean meal to the basic daily diet of Hu sheep; (2) adding 0.2%~0.4% of mannose oligosaccharide to the basic daily diet of Hu sheep; (3) adding 6%~10% of fermented soybean meal and 0.2%~0.4% of mannose oligosaccharide to the basic daily diet of Hu sheep.

2. The feed for fattening Hu sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic daily diet of Hu sheep comprises the following components in mass fraction: corn 3.5~4.2 parts, soybean meal 1.2~2.5 parts, wheat bran 1.3~1.7 parts, alfalfa 1.6~2.0 parts, premix 0.3~0.5 parts, stone powder 0.08~0.12 parts, salt 0.06~0.1 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.05~0.09 parts.

3. The feed for fattening Hu sheep according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each kilogram of the premix comprises the following components in content: vitamin A 70000IU~90000IU, vitamin D3 4000IU~6000IU, vitamin E 200IU~300IU, vitamin B1 40mg~60mg, vitamin B2 80mg~100mg, iron 700mg~900mg, copper 40mg~60mg, manganese 150mg~250mg, zinc 400mg~600mg, iodine 1mg~2mg, selenium 0.2mg~0.4mg, cobalt 0.05mg~0.15mg.

4. The application of the Hu sheep fattening feed of any one of claims 1~3 in improving the production performance of Hu sheep.

5. The application of the Hu sheep fattening feed of any one of claims 1~3 in improving the slaughter performance of Hu sheep.

6. The application of the Hu sheep fattening feed of any one of claims 1~3 in improving the meat quality of Hu sheep.

7. The application of the Hu sheep fattening feed of any one of claims 1~3 in promoting the gastrointestinal development of Hu sheep.

8. The application of fermented soybean meal and / or mannose oligosaccharides in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and intestinal development of Hu sheep, characterized in that, The fermented soybean meal and / or mannose oligosaccharide is added to the basic daily diet of Hu sheep.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that, The addition amount of the fermented soybean meal is 6%~10%; The addition amount of the mannose oligosaccharide is 0.2%~0.4%.

10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The basic daily diet of Hu sheep comprises the following components in mass fraction: corn 3.5~4.2 parts, soybean meal 1.2~2.5 parts, wheat bran 1.3~1.7 parts, alfalfa 1.6~2.0 parts, premix 0.3~0.5 parts, stone powder 0.08~0.12 parts, salt 0.06~0.1 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.05~0.09 parts.

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