Adjustable pipe bending equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pipe bending machines, and particularly relates to adjustable pipe bending equipment which comprises an equipment platform. The clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing the steel pipe above the equipment platform, so that subsequent pipe bending operation is facilitated; the position adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the pipe bending position of the steel pipe and comprises a sliding seat which is slidably connected to the upper end of the equipment platform in the horizontal direction, an adjusting lead screw is rotationally connected to the equipment platform, and the sliding seat is in threaded connection with the adjusting lead screw; the upper end of the equipment platform is fixedly connected with a first adjusting motor used for driving the adjusting lead screw. And the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the pipe bending angle of the steel pipe. According to the multi-stage pipe bending machine, the multi-stage pipe bending mechanism is arranged, bending force is applied to a steel pipe in a segmented mode through linkage of a hydraulic system, a gear and a rack, the circulation mode of bending, feeding and re-bending is achieved, and concentrated stress is dispersed to multiple stages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pipe bending machine technology, and in particular relates to an adjustable pipe bending device. Background Technology

[0002] In the industrial manufacturing sector, pipe bending is a common and important process, widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, and building decoration industries. Through pipe bending, straight pipes can be processed into fittings with specific curvatures, angles, and shapes to meet the functional and structural requirements of piping systems in different fields. Furthermore, with the continuous development of industrial technology, higher demands are being placed on the performance and adaptability of pipe bending equipment.

[0003] Currently, pipe bending equipment on the market typically suffers from the following technical problems during use: 1. Poor mold adaptability: Conventional pipe benders typically use fixed molds, making it difficult to quickly adapt to steel pipes of different diameters (e.g., 10-150mm) and bending radii (R=1D-5D). When processing steel pipes of different specifications, molds must be changed frequently, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, increasing labor costs, but also has high procurement and maintenance costs, seriously affecting production efficiency.

[0004] 2. Unstable pipe bending quality: When cold bending materials such as stainless steel pipes, springback is highly likely to occur. Existing equipment lacks an effective dynamic compensation mechanism, resulting in bending angle errors generally exceeding ±2°. To achieve a qualified bending angle, repeated corrections are required, which not only wastes a large amount of material but also prolongs the production cycle. Furthermore, during a single bending operation, the outer side of the pipe is subjected to tension while the inner side is subjected to compression, and stress concentration can easily lead to cracking on the outer side or wrinkling on the inner side, affecting the quality and yield of the bent pipe.

[0005] 3. Insufficient automation and parameter adjustment capabilities: Existing equipment cannot adjust the bending speed in real time according to the pipe diameter parameters. The operation process relies heavily on the operator's experience, resulting in poor stability of bending quality and difficulty in meeting the requirements of consistent product quality for large-scale industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems mentioned in the background art by providing an adjustable pipe bending device that disperses concentrated stress to multiple stages through a cyclical process of "bending → feeding → re-bending".

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An adjustable pipe bending device, comprising: Equipment platform; The clamping mechanism is used to clamp and fix the steel pipe above the equipment platform to facilitate subsequent pipe bending operations. A position adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the bend position of a steel pipe. The position adjustment mechanism includes a slide block that is slidably connected to the upper end of the equipment platform in the horizontal direction. An adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the equipment platform. The slide block is threaded to the adjustment screw. A first adjustment motor for driving the adjustment screw is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment platform. An angle adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the bending angle of a steel pipe. The angle adjustment mechanism includes an annular fixed plate disposed above a slide block. A rotating ring coaxially disposed on the side wall of the annular fixed plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate. A first gear is fixedly connected to the rotating rod. An annular tooth groove meshing with the first gear is provided on the peripheral side wall of the annular fixed plate. A second adjustment motor for driving the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate away from the first gear. An adaptive covering mechanism, located inside the rotating ring, is used to adaptively fix the bending position of the steel pipe according to the pipe diameter.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping side plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment platform. The clamping side plate has a clamping groove. Two symmetrically distributed clamping plates are slidably connected in the clamping groove along a linear direction. A clamping screw is rotatably connected to the clamping plate. A knob is fixedly connected to the part of the clamping screw that passes through the clamping side plate and extends outside the clamping side plate. A threaded groove that is threadedly engaged with the clamping screw is provided at the position where the clamping side plate is penetrated.

[0009] Preferably, two symmetrically distributed limiting rods are fixedly connected to the clamping side plate, and both limiting rods are slidably connected through the clamping side plate.

[0010] Preferably, the adaptive covering mechanism includes a clamping ring located inside the rotating ring and coaxially arranged with the rotating ring. An elastic block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping ring. The elastic block is filled with electrorheological fluid. An excitation coil for controlling the electric field strength around the electrorheological fluid is provided inside the elastic block. Support rods are fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the clamping ring. Both support rods are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating ring has a multi-stage bending mechanism inside, used to apply bending force to the steel pipe in sections after the bending position of the steel pipe is fixed. The multi-stage bending mechanism includes a control rod rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring, an arc-shaped rack fixedly connected to the control rod via a connecting rod, a second gear fixedly connected to one of the support rods, a liquid extraction tank fixedly connected to the rotating ring, a piston plate slidably connected inside the liquid extraction tank, a first return spring between the piston plate and the bottom wall of the liquid extraction tank, an L-shaped rod fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston plate, and a straight rack fixedly connected to the portion of the L-shaped rod extending above the liquid extraction tank. The arc-shaped rack periodically interacts with the second gear and the straight rack. The rotating ring has a gear meshing mechanism. A liquid storage tank is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the rotating ring. An inlet pipe connects the liquid storage tank and the liquid extraction tank. An annular connecting cavity is opened inside the annular fixed plate. A drain pipe connecting the liquid extraction tank and the annular connecting cavity is fixedly connected to the lower end of the liquid extraction tank. A sliding groove is opened on the slide block. The annular fixed plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove in the horizontal direction. A feeding cavity is opened inside the slide block. A push plate is slidably connected in the feeding cavity. A push rod is fixedly connected to the side of the push plate near the annular fixed plate. The push rod extends to the outside of the feeding cavity and is fixedly connected to the annular fixed plate. A connecting groove connecting the feeding cavity and the annular connecting cavity is opened inside the push plate and the push rod.

[0012] Preferably, both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are equipped with a one-way valve.

[0013] Preferably, a hydraulic space is formed between the liquid storage tank, the liquid inlet pipe, the space below the piston plate in the liquid extraction tank, the liquid outlet pipe, the annular connecting cavity, the connecting groove, and the feed cavity, and the hydraulic space is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating ring is equipped with a speed adjustment mechanism for adjusting the bending speed according to the pipe diameter. The speed adjustment mechanism includes a control box fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating ring. A piston block is slidably connected inside the control box. A second return spring is provided between the piston block and the inner wall of the control box. A through hole is opened in the support rod near the control box. The interior of the elastic block communicates with the interior of the control box through the through hole. The through hole and the interior of the control box are filled with electrorheological fluid. A distance sensor for detecting the position of the piston block is provided on the side wall of the control box away from the support rod. A drive gear is fixedly connected to the control rod. Multiple transmission rods are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring at the circumferential position of the drive gear. Multiple transmission gears of different sizes are fixedly connected to the multiple transmission rods. The multiple transmission gears mesh with the drive gear. Multiple control motors for driving the transmission rods are provided inside the rotating ring. The distance sensor activates the corresponding control motor according to the detected position of the piston block.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this adjustable pipe bending machine are: This invention utilizes an adaptive covering mechanism and the electrorheological fluid properties within an elastic block. When the steel pipe is placed inside the clamping ring, the electrorheological fluid is in a liquid state and can freely deform under pressure, conforming to the pipe walls of different diameters. When the excitation coil is energized, the electrorheological fluid instantly solidifies into a solid state, forming a rigid clamping surface. This allows for the fixing of steel pipes of different diameters without the need to change the mold, greatly improving the applicability of the equipment and reducing the time and cost of mold replacement.

[0016] This invention, by setting up a position adjustment mechanism, drives the adjustment screw to rotate through the first adjustment motor, causing the slide to slide horizontally. Combined with the equipped encoder, it can provide real-time feedback on the number of rotations and accurately calculate the displacement of the slide, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.5mm. This enables precise positioning of the steel pipe bend position and is suitable for position switching when the steel pipe is bent in multiple sections, eliminating the need for manual measurement and marking.

[0017] This invention, by setting up an angle adjustment mechanism and using a second adjustment motor stepping control combined with a gear transmission ratio, can achieve 0.1° level angle adjustment. The rotating ring can also rotate to any angle, meeting the multi-angle bending requirements of steel pipes in different planes, and improving the automation level and angle control accuracy of pipe bending.

[0018] This invention utilizes a multi-stage bending mechanism, employing a hydraulic system and a rack and pinion mechanism to apply bending force to steel pipes in stages. First, the pipe is initially bent at a small angle to complete the first stage of bending and distribute stress. Then, the hydraulic system drives a ring-shaped fixed disc to move horizontally, feeding the pipe a preset distance. This process is repeated to complete the total bending angle in stages. This cyclical "bending → feeding → re-bending" method disperses concentrated stress across multiple stages, reducing springback error from ±2° to within ±1°. Simultaneously, it reduces tensile stress on the outer side of the pipe, effectively preventing cracking on the outer side or wrinkling on the inner side, significantly improving the quality of pipe bending.

[0019] This invention, through a speed adjustment mechanism, can detect the diameter and wall thickness of the steel pipe in real time based on the volume change of the electrorheological fluid. When the pipe diameter is large or the wall thickness is thick, the elastic block compresses more electrorheological fluid into the control box, triggering the control motor to drive a smaller transmission gear to mesh with the drive gear, reducing the control lever speed and achieving "slow speed + increased load" to ensure the bending effect. When the pipe diameter is small or the wall thickness is thin, the control motor drives a larger transmission gear, increasing the control lever speed and improving bending efficiency. This adaptive adjustment method eliminates reliance on manual experience, allowing for real-time adjustment of the bending speed based on the pipe diameter parameters, thus improving the stability and accuracy of the bending process. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the annular fixed disk in this invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the annular fixed disk in this invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Equipment platform; 2. Clamping mechanism; 21. Clamping side plate; 22. Clamping groove; 23. Clamping plate; 24. Clamping screw; 25. Knob; 26. Limiting rod; 3. Position adjustment mechanism; 31. Slide; 32. Adjusting screw; 33. First adjusting motor; 4. Angle adjustment mechanism; 41. Annular fixed plate; 42. Rotating ring; 43. First gear; 44. Annular tooth groove; 45. Second adjustment motor; 5. Adaptive covering mechanism; 51. Clamping ring; 52. Elastic block; 53. Support rod; 6. Multi-stage pipe bending mechanism; 61. Control rod; 62. Arc-shaped rack; 63. Second gear; 64. Liquid extraction tank; 65. Piston plate; 66. L-shaped rod; 67. Straight rack; 68. Liquid storage tank; 69. Liquid inlet pipe; 610. Annular connecting cavity; 611. Liquid drain pipe; 612. Slide groove; 613. Feeding cavity; 614. Push plate; 615. Push rod; 616. Connecting groove; 7. Speed ​​adjustment mechanism; 71. Control box; 72. Piston block; 73. Through hole; 74. Distance sensor; 75. Drive gear; 76. Transmission rod; 77. Transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0023] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 8 An adjustable pipe bending device, comprising: Equipment Platform 1; The clamping mechanism 2 is used to clamp and fix the steel pipe above the equipment platform 1 to facilitate subsequent pipe bending operations. The clamping mechanism 2 includes a clamping side plate 21 fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment platform 1. A clamping groove 22 is provided on the clamping side plate 21. Two symmetrically distributed clamping plates 23 are slidably connected in the clamping groove 22 along a linear direction. A clamping screw 24 is rotatably connected to the clamping plate 23. A knob 25 is fixedly connected to the part of the clamping screw 24 that passes through the clamping side plate 21 and extends outside the clamping side plate 21. A threaded groove that is threadedly engaged with the clamping screw 24 is provided at the position where the clamping side plate 21 is penetrated.

[0024] Specifically, two symmetrically distributed limiting rods 26 are fixedly connected to the clamping side plate 21, and both limiting rods 26 are slidably connected to the clamping side plate 21. The two limiting rods 26 pass through the clamping plate 23 and are fixedly connected to the clamping side plate 21, which are used to limit the movement direction of the clamping plate 23, prevent it from rotating during the clamping process, and improve the stability of the clamping.

[0025] In actual use, rotating the two knobs 25 causes the clamping screw 24 to move the two clamping plates 23 toward or away from each other through the threaded groove, thereby clamping or releasing the steel pipe. Before bending the pipe, the steel pipe is fixed, and after bending the pipe, it is released. The knobs 25 and clamping screw 24 can be replaced with other drive sources, such as micro hydraulic cylinders, to improve the automation level of the equipment. This is an existing mature technology and will not be elaborated on further.

[0026] The position adjustment mechanism 3 is used to adjust the bending position of the steel pipe. The position adjustment mechanism 3 includes a slide block 31 that is slidably connected to the upper end of the equipment platform 1 in the horizontal direction. An adjustment screw 32 is rotatably connected to the equipment platform 1. The slide block 31 is threadedly connected to the adjustment screw 32. A first adjustment motor 33 for driving the adjustment screw 32 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment platform 1. After the first adjusting motor 33 starts, it drives the adjusting screw 32 to rotate. The slide 31 is connected to the adjusting screw 32 by a thread and slides horizontally on the upper end of the equipment platform 1. By controlling the rotation direction and number of turns of the first adjusting motor 33, the position of the slide 31 can be precisely adjusted, thereby changing the position of the part of the steel pipe to be bent and achieving precise positioning of the bending position.

[0027] Angle adjustment mechanism 4 is used to adjust the bending angle of the steel pipe. The angle adjustment mechanism 4 includes an annular fixed plate 41 disposed above the slide 31. A rotating ring 42 coaxially disposed with the annular fixed plate 41 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate 41. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate 41. A first gear 43 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod. An annular tooth groove 44 meshing with the first gear 43 is provided on the peripheral side wall of the annular fixed plate 41. A second adjustment motor 45 for driving the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular fixed plate 41 away from the first gear 43. The second adjusting motor 45 drives the rotating rod to rotate. The first gear 43 on the rotating rod meshes with the annular tooth groove 44 on the side wall of the annular fixed disk 41, causing the rotating ring 42 to rotate coaxially around the annular fixed disk 41. By controlling the rotation angle of the second adjusting motor 45, the rotation angle of the rotating ring 42 can be precisely adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the bending angle of the steel pipe. After bending the pipe, bending can continue from other positions and angles of the steel pipe to meet various bending requirements of the steel pipe.

[0028] An adaptive covering mechanism 5 is disposed inside the rotating ring 42 and is used to adaptively fix the bending position of the steel pipe according to the diameter of the steel pipe. The adaptive covering mechanism 5 includes a clamping ring 51 located inside the rotating ring 42 and coaxially disposed with the rotating ring 42. An elastic block 52 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping ring 51. The elastic block 52 is filled with electrorheological fluid. An excitation coil for controlling the electric field strength around the electrorheological fluid is provided inside the elastic block 52. Support rods 53 are fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the clamping ring 51. Both support rods 53 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring 42.

[0029] To address the problems of fixed molds and difficulty in adapting to different pipe diameters in conventional pipe benders, this invention utilizes an adaptive covering mechanism 5. This mechanism leverages the electrorheological properties of the elastic block 52: during the process of placing the steel pipe into the clamping ring 51, the elastic block 52 is compressed and deformed. At this time, the excitation coil is not energized, and the electrorheological fluid is in a liquid state. After the steel pipe is fully placed into the clamping ring 51, the excitation coil is energized, and the electrorheological fluid changes from a liquid state to a solid state, thereby fixing the bend position. This invention can adapt to steel pipes of different diameters and has a wider range of applications.

[0030] The rotating ring 42 is equipped with a multi-stage bending mechanism 6, which is used to apply bending force to the steel pipe in sections after the bending position of the steel pipe is fixed. The multi-stage bending mechanism 6 includes a control rod 61 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring 42. An arc-shaped rack 62 is fixedly connected to the control rod 61 via a connecting rod. A second gear 63 is fixedly connected to one of the support rods 53. A liquid extraction tank 64 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 42. A piston plate 65 is slidably connected inside the liquid extraction tank 64. A first return spring is provided between the piston plate 65 and the bottom wall of the liquid extraction tank 64. An L-shaped rod 66 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston plate 65. A straight rack 67 is fixedly connected to the part of the L-shaped rod 66 extending above the liquid extraction tank 64. The arc-shaped rack 62 periodically meshes with the second gear 63 and the straight rack 67. On one side of the outer wall of the rotating ring 42 A liquid storage tank 68 is fixedly connected, and an inlet pipe 69 connects the liquid storage tank 68 and the liquid extraction tank 64. An annular connecting cavity 610 is opened inside the annular fixed plate 41. A drain pipe 611 connecting the liquid extraction tank 64 and the annular connecting cavity 610 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the liquid extraction tank 64. A sliding groove 612 is opened on the slide seat 31. The annular fixed plate 41 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove 612 in the horizontal direction. A feed cavity 613 is opened inside the slide seat 31. A push plate 614 is slidably connected inside the feed cavity 613. A push rod 615 is fixedly connected to the side of the push plate 614 near the annular fixed plate 41. The push rod 615 extends to the outside of the feed cavity 613 and is fixedly connected to the annular fixed plate 41. A connecting groove 616 connecting the feed cavity 613 and the annular connecting cavity 610 is opened inside the push plate 614 and the push rod 615.

[0031] Specifically, both the inlet pipe 69 and the outlet pipe 611 are equipped with one-way valves.

[0032] Specifically, a hydraulic space is formed between the liquid storage tank 68, the liquid inlet pipe 69, the space below the piston plate 65 in the liquid extraction tank 64, the liquid outlet pipe 611, the annular connecting cavity 610, the connecting groove 616, and the feed cavity 613, and the hydraulic space is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0033] To address the problems of easy springback and stress concentration caused by single-bending of stainless steel pipes in existing technologies, this invention, by setting an adaptive covering mechanism 5, can achieve segmented bending through the linkage of a hydraulic system and a gear rack: When the control lever 61 rotates, the arc-shaped rack 62 first meshes with the second gear 63, driving the support rod 53 (and the clamping ring 51) to rotate, so that the steel pipe is initially bent at a small angle (such as 30°), completing the first stage of bending and dispersing stress; After the arc-shaped rack 62 continues to rotate, it meshes with the straight rack 67, pushing the L-shaped rod 66 to move downward. The piston plate 65 squeezes the hydraulic oil in the pumping tank 64. The hydraulic oil enters the feed chamber 613 through the drain pipe 611, the annular connecting cavity 610, and the connecting groove 616, pushing the push plate 614 and the push rod 615, causing the annular fixed plate 41 (and the rotating ring 42) to move horizontally along the slide groove 612, driving the steel pipe to feed a preset distance. Repeat the above process to complete the total bending angle in stages (e.g., completing a 60° bend in two 30° stages). Through the cycle of "bending → feeding → re-bending", the concentrated stress is distributed to multiple stages, reducing the rebound amplitude (the error can be controlled within ±1°), while avoiding cracking on the outside of the pipe or wrinkling on the inside.

[0034] The rotating ring 42 is equipped with a speed adjustment mechanism 7 for adjusting the bending speed according to the pipe diameter. The speed adjustment mechanism 7 includes a control box 71 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating ring 42. A piston block 72 is slidably connected inside the control box 71. A second return spring is provided between the piston block 72 and the inner wall of the control box 71. A through hole 73 is opened in the support rod 53 near the control box 71. The interior of the elastic block 52 communicates with the interior of the control box 71 through the through hole 73. The through hole 73 and the interior of the control box 71 are filled with electrorheological fluid. The interior of the control box 71 is far from the support rod 53. A distance sensor 74 for detecting the position of piston block 72 is provided on one side wall. A drive gear 75 is fixedly connected to the control rod 61. Multiple transmission rods 76 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring 42 at the circumferential position of the drive gear 75. Multiple transmission gears 77 of different sizes are fixedly connected to the multiple transmission rods 76. The multiple transmission gears 77 mesh with the drive gear 75. Multiple control motors for driving the transmission rods 76 are provided inside the rotating ring 42. The distance sensor 74 turns on the corresponding control motor according to the detected position of piston block 72.

[0035] To address the problem in existing technologies that cannot adjust the bending speed in real time based on pipe parameters, this invention, by setting an adaptive covering mechanism 5, can achieve adaptive speed adjustment based on the volume change of the electrorheological fluid. When the steel pipe diameter is large, after the elastic block 52 is squeezed, the internal electrorheological fluid flows into the control box 71 through the through hole 73, pushing the piston block 72 to move. The distance sensor 74 detects the change in the position of the piston block 72, triggering the control motor to drive the smaller transmission gear 77 to mesh with the drive gear 75. Because the transmission gear 77 has a small radius, it drives the control rod 61 to rotate slowly, realizing "slow speed + increased load", reducing the speed when bending the steel pipe with a large diameter and preventing excessive load. When the steel pipe has a small diameter or thin wall thickness, the elastic block 52 deforms less, the electrochemical fluid flowing into the control box 71 is less, the piston block 72 moves a short distance, the distance sensor 74 triggers the control motor to drive the larger transmission gear 77, and the control rod 61 rotates faster, thereby increasing the speed when bending the steel pipe with a small diameter and improving the bending efficiency. By detecting pipe diameter and wall thickness in real time, the bending speed is automatically matched, avoiding reliance on manual experience and improving the stability and accuracy of pipe bending.

[0036] The functional principle of this invention can be explained through the following operational methods: I. Fixing Principle of Clamping Mechanism The clamping screw 24 is driven to rotate by rotating the knob 25, and the two clamping plates 23 move towards each other in the clamping groove 22 by using the thread transmission to clamp the steel pipe.

[0037] The limiting rod 26 restricts the movement direction of the clamping plate 23 to prevent it from rotating and deviating, and ensures that the axis of the steel pipe is perpendicular to the equipment platform 1.

[0038] Adaptive range: Adjustable via screw stroke, compatible with steel pipes of 10-150mm diameter, clamping force is guaranteed by thread engagement accuracy, and can withstand torsional torque during pipe bending.

[0039] II. The Precise Positioning Principle of the Position Adjustment Mechanism The first adjusting motor 33 drives the adjusting screw 32 to rotate, and the slide 31 slides horizontally along the equipment platform 1 through a threaded connection.

[0040] Closed-loop control: The first regulating motor 33 is equipped with an encoder to provide real-time feedback on the number of rotations. Combined with the lead screw pitch (e.g., 5mm), the displacement of the slide seat is calculated, and the positioning accuracy reaches ±0.5mm.

[0041] Application scenarios: Suitable for position switching when steel pipes are bent in multiple sections (such as the interval bending of S-shaped pipes), without the need for manual measurement and marking.

[0042] III. Automated Angle Control Principle of Angle Adjustment Mechanism The second adjusting motor 45 drives the rotating rod and the first gear 43 to rotate, and through meshing with the annular tooth groove 44 on the side of the annular fixed disk 41, it drives the rotating ring 42 to rotate coaxially.

[0043] Angle subdivision: The second adjustment motor 45 adopts step control (step angle 1.8°), combined with the gear transmission ratio (number of teeth in the annular groove / number of teeth in the first gear), which can realize 0.1° level angle adjustment (e.g., 180 teeth in the annular groove, 20 teeth in the first gear, transmission ratio 9:1, each step of the motor corresponds to 0.2° rotation of the ring).

[0044] Multi-directional bending: The rotating ring 42 can be rotated to any angle (0-360°) to meet the bending requirements of steel pipes in different planes (such as multi-angle bending of three-dimensional pipe fittings).

[0045] IV. Intelligent Clamping Principle of Adaptive Covering Mechanism When the steel pipe is placed into the clamping ring 51, the electrorheological fluid in the elastic block 52 is in a liquid state and deforms freely with the compression of the steel pipe, adhering to the pipe wall. After the excitation coil is energized, the electrorheological fluid solidifies instantly under the action of the electric field, forming a rigid clamping surface, eliminating the need to replace the mold.

[0046] V. Stress Dispersion Principle of Multi-Stage Pipe Bending Mechanism Bending stage: The control lever 61 rotates, the arc-shaped rack 62 meshes with the second gear 63, driving the clamping ring 51 to rotate a small angle (such as 30°) to achieve initial shaping; Feeding stage: The arc-shaped rack 62 meshes with the straight rack 67, pushing the piston plate 65 to squeeze the hydraulic oil in the pumping tank 64. The hydraulic oil enters the feed chamber 613 through the drain pipe 611 and the annular connecting cavity 610, driving the push plate 614 to feed the annular fixed plate 41 horizontally (e.g., 50mm).

[0047] Stress dispersion effect: Through the cycle of "bending → feeding → re-bending", the concentrated stress of a single bending is dispersed into multiple stages, the springback error is reduced from ±2° to within ±1°, and the tensile stress on the outside of the pipe is reduced by 40% (finite element simulation data).

[0048] VI. Adaptive Matching Principle of Speed ​​Regulation Mechanism Pipe diameter detection: The larger the diameter of the steel pipe, the more electrochemical fluid the elastic block 52 squeezes into the control box 71, and the longer the piston block 72 moves. The distance sensor 74 detects the displacement and converts it into a pipe diameter signal.

[0049] Speed ​​change logic: Large diameter / thick wall: Trigger the engagement of small transmission gear 77 (large reduction ratio), reduce the speed of control lever 61 (e.g., 5r / min), extend the bending time, and ensure the bending effect by "slow speed + increased load"; Small diameter / thin wall: Trigger the engagement of the large transmission gear 77 (small reduction ratio), increase the speed of the control lever 61 (e.g., 20 r / min), and improve the efficiency of pipe bending.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable pipe bending apparatus, characterized by, Include: Device platform (1); Clamping mechanism (2) for clamping and fixing steel pipe above the device platform (1) to facilitate subsequent pipe bending operation; Position adjusting mechanism (3) for adjusting the bending position of the steel pipe, the position adjusting mechanism (3) includes a sliding seat (31) connected to the upper end of the device platform (1) in the horizontal direction, the device platform (1) is rotatably connected with an adjusting screw (32), the sliding seat (31) is threadedly connected with the adjusting screw (32), and the upper end of the device platform (1) is fixedly connected with a first adjusting motor (33) for driving the adjusting screw (32); Angle adjusting mechanism (4) for adjusting the bending angle of the steel pipe, the angle adjusting mechanism (4) includes a ring-shaped fixed disc (41) arranged above the sliding seat (31), a rotating ring (42) coaxially arranged with the ring-shaped fixed disc (41) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the ring-shaped fixed disc (41), a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the ring-shaped fixed disc (41), a first gear (43) is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, an annular gear slot (44) meshing with the first gear (43) is arranged on the side wall of the ring-shaped fixed disc (41), and a second adjusting motor (45) for driving the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the ring-shaped fixed disc (41) away from the first gear (43). Self-adaptive covering mechanism (5) arranged in the rotating ring (42) is used for adaptively fixing the bending position of the steel pipe according to the pipe diameter.

2. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The clamping mechanism (2) includes a clamping side plate (21) fixedly connected to the upper end of the device platform (1), a clamping groove (22) is formed in the clamping side plate (21), two symmetrically distributed clamping plates (23) are linearly and slidably connected in the clamping groove (22), a clamping screw (24) is rotatably connected to the clamping plate (23), and the portion of the clamping screw (24) extending out of the clamping side plate (21) is fixedly connected with a knob (25).

3. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The clamping side plate (21) is fixedly connected with two symmetrically distributed limiting rods (26), and the two limiting rods (26) penetrate the clamping side plate (21) which is slidably connected to the clamping side plate (21).

4. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The self-adaptive covering mechanism (5) includes a clamping ring (51) arranged in the rotating ring (42) and coaxially arranged with the rotating ring (42), a plurality of elastic blocks (52) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping ring (51), the inside of the elastic block (52) is filled with a current variable liquid, the inside of the elastic block (52) is provided with an excitation coil for controlling the electric field intensity of the current variable liquid, and the two sides of the clamping ring (51) are fixedly connected with support rods (53), and the two support rods (53) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring (42).

5. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The inner part of the rotating ring (42) is provided with a multi-stage pipe bending mechanism (6) for applying bending force to the steel pipe in sections after the bending position of the steel pipe is fixed, the multi-stage pipe bending mechanism (6) comprises a control rod (61) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring (42), an arc-shaped rack (62) is fixedly connected to the control rod (61) through a connecting rod, one of the support rods (53) is fixedly connected with a second gear (63), the rotating ring (42) is fixedly connected with a liquid pumping box (64), the liquid pumping box (64) is sealingly and slidably connected with a piston plate (65) inside, a first return spring is arranged between the piston plate (65) and the bottom wall of the liquid pumping box (64), the upper end of the piston plate (65) is fixedly connected with an L-shaped rod (66), the L-shaped rod (66) is fixedly connected with a straight rack (67) extending above the liquid pumping box (64), the arc-shaped rack (62) is periodically engaged with the second gear (63) and the straight rack (67), the outer wall of one side of the rotating ring (42) is fixedly connected with a liquid storage tank (68), the liquid storage tank (68) and the liquid pumping box (64) are communicated through a liquid inlet pipe (69), the inner part of the annular fixing disc (41) is provided with an annular communication cavity (610), the lower end of the liquid pumping box (64) is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet pipe (611) communicating the liquid pumping box (64) and the annular communication cavity (610), the sliding seat (31) is provided with a sliding groove (612), the annular fixing disc (41) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove (612) in the horizontal direction, the inner part of the sliding seat (31) is provided with a feeding cavity (613), the feeding cavity (613) is sealingly and slidably connected with a push plate (614), the side of the push plate (614) close to the annular fixing disc (41) is fixedly connected with a push rod (615), the push rod (615) extends out of the feeding cavity (613) and is fixedly connected with the annular fixing disc (41), the push plate (614) and the push rod (615) are provided with a communication groove (616) communicating the feeding cavity (613) and the annular communication cavity (610).

6. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The liquid inlet pipe (69) and the liquid outlet pipe (611) are both provided with a one-way valve.

7. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The liquid storage tank (68), the liquid inlet pipe (69), the space below the piston plate (65) in the liquid pumping box (64), the liquid outlet pipe (611), the annular communication cavity (610), the communication groove (616) and the feeding cavity (613) form a hydraulic space, and the hydraulic space is filled with hydraulic oil.

8. The adjustable elbow apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The rotating ring (42) is internally provided with a speed adjusting mechanism (7) for adjusting the speed of the bent pipe according to the pipe diameter of the steel pipe, the speed adjusting mechanism (7) comprises a control box (71) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating ring (42), a piston block (72) is sealingly and slidably connected in the control box (71), a second reset spring is arranged between the piston block (72) and the inner wall of the control box (71), a through hole (73) is formed in the support rod (53) close to the control box (71), the elastic block (52) is in communication with the inside of the control box (71) through the through hole (73), the through hole (73) and the inside of the control box (71) are filled with electrorheological fluid, a distance sensor (74) for detecting the position of the piston block (72) is arranged on the side wall of the control box (71) away from the support rod (53), a drive gear (75) is fixedly connected to the control rod (61), a plurality of transmission rods (76) are rotationally connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring (42) in the circumferential direction of the drive gear (75), a plurality of transmission gears (77) of different sizes are respectively fixedly connected to the plurality of transmission rods (76), the plurality of transmission gears (77) are all in meshing connection with the drive gear (75), a plurality of control motors for driving the transmission rods (76) are arranged in the rotating ring (42), and the distance sensor (74) starts the corresponding control motor according to the detected position of the piston block (72).

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