Intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system and method, and relates to the technical field of medical experiment teaching equipment.The system comprises a head entity model, a matched software system and an eye examination tool; the head entity model is in wireless communication connection with the matched software system, and the head entity model is further connected with the eye examination tool; the matched software system is used for acquiring various fundus lesion images and sending the various fundus lesion images to the head entity model; the head entity model is used for simulating different physiological or pathological states of real eyes based on various fundus lesion images; and the eye examination tool is used for carrying out observation operation and diagnosis practice on various physiological or pathological states of real eyes simulated by the head entity model. According to the invention, the efficiency and effect of eye examination experiment teaching can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical experimental teaching equipment technology, and in particular to an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system and method. Background Technology

[0002] The slit-lamp microscope is one of the most frequently used eye examination tools in the ophthalmology and optometry industry, and its application is an essential part of the training of optometry professionals. Looking at the curriculum of the optometry major, from the initial courses "Fundamentals of Ophthalmology" and "Clinical Visual Optics" which give students a basic understanding and use of slit lamps, to "Ophthalmic Optical Instruments," "Clinical Ophthalmology," "Ophthalmic Diagnosis," and "Refractive Surgery" which enable students to initially apply slit lamps for ophthalmic and optometric examinations, and then to the advanced courses "Corneal Contact Lenses," "Eyeglasses," and "Clinical Skills Training," where students comprehensively learn and apply slit lamps in their internships, it is clear that learning to use slit lamps is one of the core practical teaching contents of the optometry major and an essential skill for practitioners in the ophthalmology and optometry industry.

[0003] However, existing experimental teaching systems and methods for eye examinations have the following problems.

[0004] (1) Students passively receive knowledge, lacking a "student-centered" and "interdisciplinary" teaching model: Students often passively receive knowledge, lacking initiative and training in interdisciplinary skills. There is an urgent need to change the traditional teaching model, which is mainly based on teacher lectures, to a new "student-centered" teaching model. The teaching process fails to reflect interdisciplinary integration, lacks practical sessions that closely integrate "medical theory" and "medical engineering," resulting in poor student participation. It also fails to reflect the new medical concept of integrating medical experimental teaching with emerging artificial intelligence technology, leading to poor teaching effectiveness.

[0005] (2) There is a gap between theoretical learning and practical operation: Slit lamps are important examination and fitting instruments in ophthalmology and optometry. Their principles, structure, and illumination methods are the focus and also the difficulty in teaching. At present, teachers mainly use courseware for teaching and use instrument demonstrations for explanation. For example, when explaining illumination methods, they use pictures and real photos in the courseware to help students understand. However, students are still confused when they first learn other illumination methods besides diffused light illumination. They cannot understand the projection method of the light source and the observation method from partial pictures, and they are not even clear about which part of the body is shown in the picture. In the end, the teaching effect is poor and the efficiency is low.

[0006] (3) Students are unfamiliar with the instrument's structure, making initial contact with the instrument difficult, and repeated demonstrations still result in incorrect operation: Compared to the "one-button" operation of other ophthalmic instruments, the adjustment and examination steps of the slit lamp are cumbersome, often leaving students who are new to ophthalmic instruments at a loss. In practical courses, even after repeated explanations and demonstrations by the teacher, students still made incorrect operations: instead of using the handle to operate the instrument, they held it with both hands; the examinee's forehead was not pressed firmly against the forehead rest, causing the examiner to be unable to focus; and they used magnification, brightness, slit width, etc. incorrectly, resulting in poor teaching effectiveness.

[0007] (4) Lack of real-time, simulation and intelligent analysis of experimental test results: The test results during the hands-on process cannot be presented in real time, and teachers cannot correct errors in time. Students make a high error rate when they first come into contact with the instrument and do not know why. The simple slit-lamp microscope hardware system cannot perform intelligent analysis of the test results and lacks a collection of simulated cases of incorrect operation, which significantly reduces the efficiency of experimental teaching.

[0008] (5) Students have limited opportunities to directly interact with real clinical patients, and fundus examinations require pupil dilation, which can lead to visual impairment for users. Students lack training in analyzing clinical cases of slit-lamp examinations and in using different imaging techniques with a slit-lamp microscope to treat different ophthalmic diseases. Fundus examinations require pupil dilation, which can lead to visual impairment for users, thus affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of experimental teaching.

[0009] In summary, all the aforementioned problems ultimately lead to low efficiency and poor teaching effectiveness in experimental teaching. Therefore, how to provide an intelligent ophthalmic examination experimental teaching system and method to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ophthalmic examination experimental teaching has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system and method, which can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of eye examination experimental teaching.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution.

[0012] In a first aspect, this application provides an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system, which includes a head physical model, a supporting software system, and eye examination tools.

[0013] The head model is wirelessly connected to the supporting software system, and the head model is also connected to the eye examination tool.

[0014] The accompanying software system is used to acquire various fundus lesion images and send these images to the head entity model.

[0015] The head entity model is used to simulate different physiological or pathological states of the real eye based on various fundus lesion images.

[0016] The eye examination tool is used to observe, operate, and diagnose various physiological or pathological states of the real eye simulated by the head model.

[0017] Optionally, the head model includes a simulated eye structure and a pupil dilation / contraction device.

[0018] The pupil expansion device works in conjunction with the simulated eye structure to adjust the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure, thereby simulating the eye state under normal pupil state, dilated pupil state, and pupil changes under various pathological conditions.

[0019] Optionally, the pupil dilation / extension device includes a drive module, a transmission module, an execution module, and a limit and feedback module.

[0020] The drive module is connected to the transmission module, the transmission module is connected to the execution module, and the limit and feedback module is electrically connected to the drive module.

[0021] The drive module is used to provide power and generate rotational motion.

[0022] The transmission module is used to convert the rotational motion of the drive module into linear motion.

[0023] The execution module is used to adjust the opening and closing of the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure under the linear motion of the transmission module.

[0024] The limiting and feedback module is used to limit the opening and closing state of the pupil diameter and to monitor and provide feedback on the pupil diameter in real time.

[0025] Optionally, the execution module includes multiple sets of symmetrically distributed arc-shaped shading blades and blade supports.

[0026] The blade support is used to support the corresponding arc-shaped shading blade.

[0027] Each of the arc-shaped light-shielding blades has a meshing tooth on its edge. The meshing tooth engages with the gear set of the transmission module to achieve synchronous opening and closing control of each arc-shaped light-shielding blade under the linear motion of the transmission module, thereby realizing the opening and closing adjustment of the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure.

[0028] Optionally, the limit and feedback module includes a limit switch and a photoelectric sensor.

[0029] The limit switch is used to limit the travel distance of the arc-shaped light-shielding blade.

[0030] The photoelectric sensor is used to monitor and provide feedback on the pupil diameter in real time.

[0031] Optionally, the head model may further include a fundus disease display, a display control module, a data storage and transmission module, an analog signal processing module, an image processing chip, a wireless Bluetooth module, and a power management module.

[0032] The fundus disease display, the display control module, the data storage and transmission module, the analog signal processing module, the image processing chip, and the pupil dilation device are all electrically connected to the power management module; the fundus disease display and the analog signal processing module are all electrically connected to the display control module; the analog signal processing module is electrically connected to the image processing chip; the image processing chip and the wireless Bluetooth module are all electrically connected to the data storage and transmission module; and the wireless Bluetooth module is wirelessly connected to the supporting software system.

[0033] The fundus disease display is used to display various fundus lesion images sent by the supporting software system.

[0034] The display control module is used to control the display brightness and imaging output of the fundus disease display.

[0035] The data storage and transmission module is used for data storage, transmission, and synchronization.

[0036] The analog signal processing module is used to filter and amplify the analog image signals acquired by the eye examination tool to obtain the processed analog image signals.

[0037] The image processing chip is used to perform noise reduction, enhancement, and feature extraction on the processed analog image signal to obtain digital image data and send it to the supporting software system.

[0038] The wireless Bluetooth module is used to establish a wireless communication link between the head entity model and the supporting software system.

[0039] The power management module is used to allocate stable electrical energy to each component in the head entity model.

[0040] Optionally, the supporting software system is also used to extract key features of the lesion based on the digital image data and the corresponding fundus lesion image, and to perform quantitative comparison using an image recognition algorithm, so as to evaluate the user's operational accuracy and diagnostic ability; the key features of the lesion include the lesion location, shape, color and boundary.

[0041] Optionally, the accompanying software system is also used to adjust the pupil size parameters and intraocular pressure parameters of the simulated eye structure, and has built-in theoretical knowledge on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic points and treatment principles corresponding to various fundus diseases, and supports recording the user's operation process and diagnostic results.

[0042] Optionally, the eye examination tools include a slit-lamp microscope, an ophthalmoscope, and / or an ophthalmoscope.

[0043] Secondly, this application proposes an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method, which is implemented based on the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system described in the first aspect, and includes the following steps.

[0044] To acquire images of various fundus lesions.

[0045] Based on various fundus lesion images, different physiological or pathological states of the real eye are simulated.

[0046] Practice observing, operating, and diagnosing various physiological or pathological states of the simulated real eye.

[0047] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects.

[0048] This application provides an intelligent ophthalmic examination experimental teaching system and method. The system includes a physical head model, supporting software, and ophthalmic examination tools. First, the physical head model simulates the physiological or pathological state of the real eye, providing standardized, intelligent, and reusable observation objects for teaching. This eliminates the need for real patients, avoids the impact of pupil dilation, significantly improves teaching convenience, and enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of ophthalmic examination experimental teaching. It solves the problems of limited clinical real patient resources and visual impairment caused by reliance on pupil dilation in traditional ophthalmic examination teaching. Second, the supporting software system provides various fundus lesion images, and the physical head model accurately simulates the corresponding eye states. Users can directly conduct observation operations and diagnostic exercises through the ophthalmic examination tools, achieving a close integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This helps users quickly establish a cognitive connection between "lesion images - eye states - examination operations," thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of ophthalmic examination experimental teaching. Furthermore, by switching between different fundus lesion images through the accompanying software system, the physical head model synchronously simulates the corresponding eye state. Users can perform diverse observation operations and diagnostic exercises anytime, anywhere, without being limited by time, space, or patient resources, significantly improving practical proficiency and solving the problems of insufficient practical training opportunities and lack of repeated practice in traditional teaching. Conducting teaching exercises in a simulated environment not only ensures the safety of the teaching process but also allows users to accumulate operational experience in clinical scenarios, reducing the error rate in subsequent clinical practice and avoiding the medical risks that may exist from direct contact with real patients in traditional teaching. In addition, this application simplifies the difficulty of obtaining lesion cases in traditional teaching. The accompanying software system can easily obtain various pre-loaded fundus lesion images without relying on clinical case collection, enriching the diversity of teaching cases, covering more physiological and pathological eye states, meeting the teaching needs of different stages, and improving the comprehensiveness and relevance of teaching. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 3A circuit diagram of an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system, mainly applied in eye examination experimental teaching scenarios. This intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system includes a head physical model (hereinafter referred to as "head model"), a supporting software system, and eye examination tools. These components work together to construct a near-realistic eye examination experimental teaching environment. The head physical model is wirelessly connected to the supporting software system, and also connected to the eye examination tools.

[0057] The accompanying software system is used to acquire various fundus lesion images and send these images to the head entity model. The head entity model is used to simulate different physiological or pathological states of the real eye based on the fundus lesion images. The eye examination tool is used to observe, operate, and diagnose the various physiological or pathological states of the real eye simulated by the head entity model.

[0058] When the supporting software system acquires various fundus lesion images, it mainly relies on the pre-importation of different types of fundus lesion images by teaching teachers or system administrators. This allows the head physical model to simulate various real physiological or pathological states of the eye based on these fundus lesion images, so that student users can use eye examination tools to conduct observation operations and diagnostic exercises.

[0059] As an alternative implementation, the eye examination tools include a slit-lamp microscope, an ophthalmoscope, and / or an ophthalmoscope.

[0060] As an alternative implementation, the head model includes simulations of eye structures and pupil dilation / contraction mechanisms.

[0061] The pupil expansion device works in conjunction with the simulated eye structure to adjust the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure, thereby simulating the eye state under normal pupil state, dilated pupil state, and pupil changes under various pathological conditions.

[0062] As an optional implementation, the pupil dilation device includes a drive module, a transmission module, an execution module, and a limit and feedback module.

[0063] The drive module is connected to the transmission module, the transmission module is connected to the execution module, and the limit and feedback module is electrically connected to the drive module.

[0064] The drive module is used to provide power and generate rotational motion.

[0065] The transmission module is used to convert the rotational motion of the drive module into linear motion.

[0066] The execution module is used to adjust the opening and closing of the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure under the linear motion of the transmission module.

[0067] The limiting and feedback module is used to limit the opening and closing state of the pupil diameter and to monitor and provide feedback on the pupil diameter in real time.

[0068] In one optional implementation, the execution module includes multiple sets of symmetrically distributed arc-shaped light-shielding blades and blade supports. The blade supports support the corresponding arc-shaped light-shielding blades. Each arc-shaped light-shielding blade has meshing teeth on its edge, which mesh with the gear set of the transmission module to achieve synchronous opening and closing control of each arc-shaped light-shielding blade under the linear motion of the transmission module, thereby realizing the opening and closing adjustment of the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure.

[0069] As an optional implementation, the limit and feedback module includes a limit switch and a photoelectric sensor.

[0070] The limit switch is used to limit the travel distance of the arc-shaped light-shielding blade.

[0071] The photoelectric sensor is used to monitor and provide feedback on the pupil diameter in real time.

[0072] As an optional implementation, the head model also includes a fundus disease display, a display control module, a data storage and transmission module, an analog signal processing module, an image processing chip, a wireless Bluetooth module, and a power management module.

[0073] The fundus disease display, the display control module, the data storage and transmission module, the analog signal processing module, the image processing chip, and the pupil dilation device are all electrically connected to the power management module; the fundus disease display and the analog signal processing module are all electrically connected to the display control module; the analog signal processing module is electrically connected to the image processing chip; the image processing chip and the wireless Bluetooth module are all electrically connected to the data storage and transmission module; and the wireless Bluetooth module is wirelessly connected to the supporting software system.

[0074] The fundus disease display is used to display various fundus lesion images sent by the supporting software system.

[0075] The display control module is used to control the display brightness and imaging output of the fundus disease display.

[0076] The data storage and transmission module is used for data storage, transmission, and synchronization.

[0077] The analog signal processing module is used to filter and amplify the analog image signals acquired by the eye examination tool to obtain the processed analog image signals.

[0078] The image processing chip is used to perform noise reduction, enhancement, and feature extraction on the processed analog image signal to obtain digital image data and send it to the supporting software system.

[0079] The wireless Bluetooth module is used to establish a wireless communication link between the head entity model and the supporting software system.

[0080] The power management module is used to allocate stable electrical energy to each component in the head entity model.

[0081] As an optional implementation, the display control module includes a light intensity control module, an imaging display module, and an LED driver chip; the light intensity control module is used to adjust the display brightness, the imaging display module is used to control the imaging output, and the LED driver chip is used to drive the LED light source.

[0082] As an optional implementation, the data storage and transmission module includes a data storage module, a data transmission module, and a data synchronization module; the data storage module is used to store experimental data and images, the data transmission module is used to realize data transfer between devices, and the data synchronization module is used to ensure data consistency across multiple terminals.

[0083] As an optional implementation, the power management module includes a rechargeable lithium battery, a charging circuit, and a voltage conversion chip; the charging circuit is electrically connected to the rechargeable lithium battery, and the voltage conversion chip is electrically connected to the rechargeable lithium battery, used to convert the battery voltage into the voltage required by each module and provide overvoltage and overcurrent protection.

[0084] As an optional implementation, the accompanying software system is also used to extract key features of the lesion based on the digital image data and the corresponding fundus lesion image, and to perform quantitative comparison using image recognition algorithms, thereby assessing the user's operational accuracy and diagnostic ability. The key features of the lesion include lesion location, shape, color, and boundary, etc.

[0085] In practical applications, image recognition algorithms (such as edge detection, color histogram analysis, and morphological feature extraction) are first used to extract key lesion features from digital image data and corresponding original fundus lesion images. Features from the original fundus lesion images serve as a standard feature library (e.g., the location of microaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy, and pigmentary disturbance areas in macular degeneration), while features from the digital image data serve as the user's observation features. Then, feature comparison is performed, calculating the matching degree between the two types of features (e.g., overlap rate of lesion location, morphological similarity, and deviation of color parameters) to quantify whether the user accurately observed the core lesion features. Finally, the results are analyzed. The system outputs an operation score based on the matching degree (e.g., overlap rate ≥80% is excellent, 60%-80% is acceptable, <60% requires improvement), and generates error correction suggestions (e.g., "No macular pigmentary disturbance was observed; it is recommended to adjust the slit lamp illumination angle to 45° and the magnification to 10x," "Deviation in lesion location judgment; it is recommended to recalibrate the alignment of the eye examination tool with the simulated eyeball"). During data tracing, the comparison results, operation scores, and error correction suggestions are linked and stored with the corresponding digital image data, original fundus lesion images, and user diagnostic results to form a complete teaching archive, facilitating targeted guidance from teachers and review by students. Furthermore, the system can be linked with the built-in theoretical knowledge module through the comparison evaluation function. When a user fails to accurately identify lesion characteristics, the software automatically jumps to the explanation interface of the diagnostic points for that lesion, strengthening the closed-loop teaching of "operational error - theoretical supplementation." By adding the functions of comparing digital image data with original fundus lesion images and the ability assessment function, the system further enhances its intelligence and teaching relevance.

[0086] As an optional implementation, the accompanying software system is also used to adjust the pupil size parameters and intraocular pressure parameters of the simulated eye structure, and has built-in theoretical knowledge on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic points and treatment principles corresponding to various fundus diseases, and supports recording the user's operation process and diagnostic results.

[0087] The head model establishes a wireless communication connection with the supporting software system via a wireless Bluetooth module, enabling data and image transmission and interaction. The eye examination tool directly observes and operates on the simulated eye condition of the head model without the need for an additional wired connection, ensuring operational flexibility.

[0088] The head model is the core component simulating the state of the eye. It contains multiple functional modules, which work together via electrical or transmission connections. The fundus disease display, display control module, data storage and transmission module, analog signal processing module, image processing chip, and pupil dilation / extension device are all electrically connected to the power management module, which provides stable power. The fundus disease display and analog signal processing module are electrically connected to the display control module, receiving its control signals. The analog signal processing module is electrically connected to the image processing chip, enabling signal transmission and processing. The image processing chip and wireless Bluetooth module are electrically connected to the data storage and transmission module, completing data storage and transmission. The limit and feedback module is electrically connected to the drive module in the pupil dilation / extension device, enabling motion control and feedback. In the pupil dilation / extension device, the drive module is connected to the transmission module, and the transmission module is connected to the execution module, achieving precise adjustment of the pupil diameter through mechanical transmission.

[0089] The core function of the head model is to simulate the physiological or pathological state of the real eye. Each internal module has a clear division of labor, as detailed below.

[0090] Fundus disease monitor: Equipped with a small, high-resolution, high-color-fidelity screen, it receives fundus lesion images sent by the accompanying software system, accurately presents different eye diseases or physiological conditions, and provides standardized objects for observation.

[0091] Display control module: Adjusts display brightness through light intensity control module to adapt to different viewing scenarios; Imaging display module converts processed digital images into visual images; LED driver chip provides stable light source for display.

[0092] Data storage and transmission module: The data storage module uses flash memory chips to store experimental images, operation logs and other data; the data transmission module realizes data sending and receiving with the supporting software system via Bluetooth; the data synchronization module ensures data consistency between the head entity model and the software system.

[0093] Analog signal processing module: It has built-in operational amplifiers and filters to filter and amplify the analog image signals acquired by the eye examination tools, remove noise, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and prepare for subsequent digital processing.

[0094] Image processing chip: It integrates a digital signal processor to digitally sample and encode pre-processed analog signals, and simultaneously executes algorithms such as noise reduction and edge enhancement to generate high-quality digital image data.

[0095] Wireless Bluetooth module: Based on the Bluetooth communication protocol, it establishes a wireless communication link between the head entity model and the supporting software system to achieve stable transmission of images and data.

[0096] Pupil dilation / reduction device: Through the coordinated operation of the drive module, transmission module, execution module, and limit and feedback module, precise adjustment of the pupil diameter is achieved. The micro stepper motor in the drive module starts upon receiving a command, and the gear set and lead screw in the transmission module convert the rotational motion into linear motion, driving the arc-shaped light-shielding blades of the execution module to open and close synchronously. The limit and feedback module monitors the aperture size in real time and provides feedback to ensure adjustment accuracy. It can simulate different states such as normal pupil, mydriasis, and pathological mydriasis.

[0097] Power management module: Converts external AC power into charging current adapted to the rechargeable lithium battery through the charging circuit, and the rechargeable lithium battery stores electrical energy; the voltage conversion chip converts the battery voltage into the voltage required by each functional module, while providing overvoltage and overcurrent protection to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0098] The accompanying software system, serving as the core of control and data processing, incorporates a large number of fundus lesion images and related theoretical knowledge. It transmits images and control commands to the head model via a wireless communication link, while simultaneously receiving and storing experimental data transmitted from the head model, recording the user's operation process and diagnostic results. In addition to acquiring and transmitting fundus lesion images, the software system can adjust pupil size and intraocular pressure parameters to simulate different refractive states, corneal lesions, and glaucoma. The built-in theoretical knowledge module provides explanations of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic points, and treatment principles for each lesion, achieving a combination of theory and practice. The data recording function completely saves the user's operation process and diagnostic results, providing a basis for teacher evaluation and guidance.

[0099] Eye examination tools, including slit-lamp microscopes, fundus microscopes, and / or ophthalmoscopes, are all core equipment commonly used in ophthalmological clinics. Their structure and operation are consistent with real clinical equipment, and they are used for magnified observation, operational training, and diagnostic practice of the simulated eye condition based on a head model. The eye examination tools magnify the simulated eye structure on the head model through their own optical systems, allowing users to clearly observe eye details, familiarize themselves with the operating procedures and techniques of real examination equipment, conduct diagnostic practice, and lay a foundation for clinical practice.

[0100] The present application proposes an intelligent experimental teaching system for eye examination, the specific working process of which is as follows.

[0101] (1) Simulation scene construction: The supporting software system selects the target fundus lesion image and eye state parameters (such as pupil size and intraocular pressure) and sends them to the head physical model through the wireless Bluetooth module; the fundus disease display of the head physical model receives and displays the lesion image, and the pupil expansion device adjusts the pupil diameter according to the parameters to complete the simulation of the physiological or pathological state of the eye.

[0102] (2) Observation and signal acquisition: The user operates an eye examination tool (such as a slit-lamp microscope) to magnify and observe the eye state simulated by the head physical model. The tool acquires simulated image signals and transmits them to the simulated signal processing module of the head physical model.

[0103] (3) Signal processing and data transmission: The analog signal processing module filters and amplifies the acquired signal and then transmits it to the image processing chip for digital analysis to generate high-quality digital image data; the data storage and transmission module stores the data and simultaneously feeds it back to the supporting software system via the wireless Bluetooth module.

[0104] (4) Teaching and assessment: The supporting software system displays the feedback image data, and users can combine the built-in theoretical knowledge to conduct diagnostic exercises; the software records the entire operation process and diagnostic results, and teachers can use this data to assess students' skill level and provide timely error correction and guidance.

[0105] To make the system structure of this application clearer, the specific structure and working process of the system will be explained in detail below with examples.

[0106] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system proposed in this application comprises three parts: a physical head model, a supporting software system, and eye examination tools (including a slit-lamp microscope, fundus microscope, or ophthalmoscope). It uses wireless Bluetooth technology to realize data transmission and interaction between the physical head model and the supporting software system, thereby creating a realistic examination scenario for users.

[0107] Among them, the head model is equipped with a simulated eye structure to simulate the physiological or pathological state of the real eye, and to train users to carry out practical training and diagnostic exercises for different diseases and physiological states using eye examination tools such as slit-lamp microscopes.

[0108] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the head model mainly comprises the following components: a fundus disease display, a display control module, a data storage and transmission module, an analog signal processing module, an image processing chip, a wireless Bluetooth module, and a power management module. The fundus disease display has a small screen that receives various fundus lesion images sent by the accompanying software, simulating different eye diseases or physiological states. The display control module is responsible for light intensity control, imaging display, and the LED driver chip, adjusting display brightness, controlling imaging output, and driving the LED light source. The data storage and transmission module is responsible for data storage, transmission, and synchronization, enabling the storage of experimental data, data transfer between devices, and multi-terminal data synchronization. The analog signal processing module performs preliminary filtering and amplification on the analog image signals acquired by ophthalmic examination tools such as slit-lamp microscopes, preparing for subsequent digitization. The image processing chip performs digital analysis on the processed analog images, such as noise reduction, enhancement, and feature extraction, generating transmittable digital image data. The wireless Bluetooth module establishes a wireless communication link between the physical model and the accompanying software system, enabling Bluetooth transmission of images and data. The power management module is responsible for distributing stable power to each circuit module.

[0109] The simulated eye structure of the head model serves as a simulation terminal. Its built-in fundus disease display boasts high resolution and excellent color reproduction, clearly displaying various fundus lesion images sent by the accompanying software system. When users observe using ophthalmic examination tools such as slit-lamp microscopes, ophthalmoscopes, or ophthalmoscopy, they can obtain visual effects similar to real lesions, which helps improve their ability to identify different fundus diseases. The simulation terminal of the head model is also equipped with an adjustable pupil dilation device to adjust the pupil diameter. By changing the pupil diameter, different eye states can be simulated, including normal pupils, dilated pupils, and pupil changes under various pathological conditions. The difficulty of operation can also be adjusted; beginners can start practicing with a larger pupil diameter and gradually decrease the pupil diameter and increase the difficulty as their skills improve, thus progressively enhancing their operational level.

[0110] The pupil dilation / retraction device is specifically divided into the following four parts: 1) Drive module: The core is a micro stepper motor, which provides the power source for the device's movement. 2) Transmission module: Composed of a micro gear set and a lead screw. The gear set is responsible for reducing the motor speed and increasing the torque, while the lead screw converts the motor's rotational motion into linear motion. 3) Actuation module: Contains four symmetrically distributed arc-shaped light-blocking blades and blade supports. The blade edges have meshing teeth, which can open and close synchronously under the drive of the transmission module. 4) Limit and feedback module: Composed of a micro travel switch (limit) and a photoelectric sensor (feedback). The travel switch prevents excessive movement of the blades from damaging the structure, and the photoelectric sensor monitors the pupil diameter in real time and feeds back to the control system to ensure adjustment accuracy.

[0111] The various modules work together through a process of "power output → motion conversion → action execution → precision calibration" to adjust the pupil diameter. Specifically, this involves three steps: 1) Signal reception and power activation: The control system sends commands based on preset eye conditions (e.g., normal, dilated, pathological). The stepper motor in the drive module receives the command and starts rotating at the set angle; 2) Transmission and execution coordination: The motor rotation drives the gear set in the transmission module, which transmits power to the lead screw. The lead screw rotates, pushing the meshing teeth on the blade support, causing the four arc-shaped blades to slide synchronously outward (dilated) or inward (constricted) around the center point; 3) Limit and feedback calibration: During blade movement, a photoelectric sensor detects the pupil diameter in real time and transmits the data back to the control system. When the diameter reaches the target value (e.g., 3-4mm for a normal pupil, 6-8mm for a dilated pupil), the motor stops. If a movement deviation occurs, a limit switch triggers a protection mechanism to prevent the blades from exceeding their limit positions. The implementation logic of pupil diameter adjustment is mainly pupil adjustment in different eye states. Essentially, it changes the degree of opening and closing of the blades by controlling the rotation direction and angle of the motor. The specific correspondence is shown in Table 1.

[0112] Table 1. Correspondence between simulated eye state, motor rotation direction, blade motion mode, and final pupil diameter.

[0113] The accompanying software system is primarily responsible for transmitting images via Bluetooth, supporting teaching demonstrations, data review, and analysis. It handles the control of various functions and the processing and transmission of images. It can adjust pupil size and intraocular pressure, and also includes hundreds of clear images of fundus lesions, covering a variety of common and complex fundus diseases, providing rich clinical case resources for teaching.

[0114] Eye examination tools include slit-lamp microscopes, fundus microscopes, and ophthalmoscopes, all of which are core equipment in ophthalmological examinations. These devices use optical systems to magnify and observe the simulated eye structure on a head model, acquiring detailed images of the eye. This allows users to familiarize themselves with the operational procedures and techniques of real examinations during simulation practice, laying a solid foundation for subsequent clinical practice.

[0115] The function, coordination process, and implementation logic of the circuit in this application need to be analyzed one by one from three aspects: module role, coordination process, and function implementation mechanism. Table 2 shows the role of each functional module.

[0116] Table 2. Functions of each module

[0117] In this embodiment, the coordination process (signal and data flow) of each module is as follows.

[0118] Simulated scene construction: A head physical model is equipped with simulated eye structure, and a fundus disease monitor displays preset lesions. A slit-lamp microscope is used to optically magnify and observe the "head physical model + fundus lesions" to generate simulated image signals.

[0119] Signal and data processing: The analog image signal is input into the analog signal processing module (preliminary filtering and amplification) → digitally processed by the image processing chip (noise reduction, enhancement, etc.) → split into two paths: one path enters the display control module (the imaging display module is responsible for displaying the image locally, the light intensity control module adjusts the display brightness, and the LED driver chip provides the light source for the display); the other path enters the data storage and transmission module (the data storage module stores the image / experimental data, the data transmission module sends the data outward, and the data synchronization module ensures the consistency of data across multiple devices).

[0120] Wireless transmission and terminal: Data is transmitted to the head physical model via Bluetooth through a wireless Bluetooth module, and the supporting software system performs operations such as data storage, analysis, and teaching demonstration.

[0121] Power supply guarantee: The charging power supply charges the lithium battery through the charging circuit, and the power management module distributes the lithium battery power to all the above-mentioned functional modules to ensure the continuous operation of the system.

[0122] In this embodiment, the functional implementation mechanism of each module is as follows.

[0123] Eye examination tools (slit-lamp microscope, fundus microscope, and ophthalmoscope, etc.): Through the magnification effect of optical lens groups (objective lens, eyepiece), fundus lesions are magnified, allowing the observer to clearly see micron-level eye structures; the light source system provides uniform illumination to ensure clear imaging.

[0124] Head physical model: It simulates pupil changes through mechanical structure and fundus lesions through built-in display images, simulating the physiological or pathological state of the real eye.

[0125] Fundus Disease Display: This device uses a miniature display screen pre-loaded with images of various fundus lesions to provide standardized lesion models for experiments.

[0126] In this embodiment, the display control module includes the following:

[0127] Light intensity control module: By adjusting the LED drive current, the brightness of the light source can be changed to adapt to different observation scenarios.

[0128] Imaging and display module: Converts the digital images output by the image processing chip into visual images and displays them on the monitor.

[0129] LED driver chip: Converts control signals into drive current to provide stable power for the LED backlight or light source of the imaging display module.

[0130] In this embodiment, the data storage and transmission module includes the following:

[0131] Data storage module: It integrates an ophthalmic disease image library and uses flash memory chips to store experimental images, operation logs and other data.

[0132] Data transmission module: Enables data transmission and reception via Bluetooth.

[0133] Data synchronization module: Ensures data consistency between the head entity model, computer software, and storage devices.

[0134] Analog signal processing module: It has built-in operational amplifiers, filters and other circuits to amplify and filter the analog electrical signals output by the slit lamp microscope in order to remove noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, laying the foundation for subsequent digital processing.

[0135] Image processing chip: It integrates a digital signal processor to digitally sample and encode images after analog signal processing, and simultaneously executes algorithms such as noise reduction and edge enhancement to generate high-quality digital image data.

[0136] Wireless Bluetooth module: Establishes a wireless connection with the computer via the Bluetooth communication protocol, transmits digital image data in the form of data packets, and realizes wireless data interaction between devices.

[0137] Computer-based: It can serve as a carrier for the supporting software system, responsible for installing and running the supporting software system; it is equipped with a wireless connection receiver and a wireless control system, which work with the wireless Bluetooth module to transmit and receive Bluetooth data; it also includes a training course editing system and a video demonstration system, used for editing training courses and demonstrating eye examination video operations, respectively.

[0138] Power management module (including charging link): Converts the battery voltage to the voltage required by each module through a voltage conversion chip, and has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions.

[0139] Charging circuit: Converts external AC power into a charging current compatible with the lithium battery.

[0140] Rechargeable lithium battery: Stores electrical energy to provide portable power to the system.

[0141] Through the division of labor and collaboration among the above modules, the system realizes a complete experimental teaching process of "image sending by the supporting software system → simulation of eye lesions → optical observation → signal processing → data transmission → slit lamp observation", providing an intelligent simulation training platform for ophthalmology teaching.

[0142] The accompanying software system boasts rich functionality. By controlling the direction and angle of motor rotation and altering the opening and closing of the blades, it precisely adjusts pupil size and intraocular pressure. Changes in pupil size simulate the impact of different refractive states and corneal lesions on the examination field of view, while intraocular pressure adjustment simulates conditions related to intraocular pressure, such as glaucoma. This allows users to experience the differences in examination under different pathological conditions during practice, deepening their understanding of diseases. The software includes hundreds of clear fundus lesion images, serving as important teaching resources. Each image has undergone professional acquisition and processing to ensure clarity and accuracy, providing users with realistic lesion references. Integrating theoretical knowledge into teaching guidance is another key function. For each lesion, the software provides introductions to theoretical knowledge such as etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic points, and treatment principles. Users can consult relevant theories at any time while observing lesion images, achieving a combination of theory and practice, deepening knowledge understanding and memorization, and solving teaching problems such as visual impairment caused by the need for pupil dilation during fundus examinations. Simultaneously, the software records the user's operation process and diagnostic results, allowing teachers to evaluate and guide student learning, promptly identify and correct problems, and enhance the relevance and effectiveness of teaching.

[0143] Simulated examination of a head model using ophthalmic examination tools enhances users' operational skills. These tools, including a slit-lamp microscope, ophthalmoscope, and ophthalmoscope, help operators quickly familiarize themselves with their structure and operation. For beginners, familiarity with the tools is the first step in conducting examinations. The identical appearance and feel of the tools reduce user unfamiliarity, allowing them to engage in practice more quickly. Simultaneously, ophthalmic examination tools help cultivate users' operating habits and skills. The simulated procedures are largely consistent with real clinical examinations, enabling users to develop correct operating habits and master necessary skills, preparing them for future clinical work. Furthermore, using ophthalmic examination tools offers high safety. Traditional teaching methods, where students practice on real patients, can cause discomfort and pose potential medical risks due to operational errors. This experimental teaching system allows students to practice in a safe environment, improving their proficiency and accuracy.

[0144] This application proposes an intelligent ophthalmic examination experimental teaching system, a medical experimental teaching device that combines hardware and software, possessing teaching value, innovation, advanced technology, and practicality. It boasts rich functionality, fully integrating slit-lamp microscope operation techniques with digital technology to visualize the complex optical path structure and principles. The accompanying software provides a large number of clinical case illustrations for common slit-lamp microscope examinations, enabling students to learn independently and through simulation. Students can also participate in upgrading and modifying the equipment, improving their interdisciplinary practical abilities. This system addresses teaching problems in traditional experimental teaching, such as limited patient resources, few opportunities for clinical practice, and visual impairment caused by the need for pupil dilation during fundus examinations. Students can practice and repeatedly operate the system until they master the relevant skills, significantly improving their slit-lamp microscope operation skills and clinical diagnostic abilities in ophthalmology.

[0145] In the basic theoretical teaching stage, the system can be used by students to learn the basic knowledge and operational skills of fundus examination. Teachers use the software to display normal fundus images to help students understand the normal fundus structure and characteristics, and then gradually display images of various lesions to explain the characteristics of the diseases. Students use eye examination tools on a physical simulation terminal to practice operations and become familiar with the examination process and methods. In the practical skills enhancement stage, the system can provide students with a large number of case studies. The equipment integrates a large number of clinical case images of common slit-lamp microscopy examinations, such as corneal ulcers, trichiasis, blepharitis, intraocular stones, pinguecula, conjunctival vascular congestion, changes in the anterior chamber angle in glaucoma, and changes in the vitreous body in intermediate uveitis. It simulates and reconstructs real medical scenarios, and students can use this system to train different shooting techniques for different case characteristics, thereby improving students' self-learning and clinical practice abilities. Furthermore, students can adjust parameters such as pupil diameter and intraocular pressure to vary the difficulty of their procedures, continuously challenging their skills and improving their diagnostic abilities for fundus diseases under various complex conditions. During the assessment phase, the system serves as an effective evaluation tool. Instructors can set specific cases and parameters, requiring students to complete examinations and diagnoses within a specified time. The software records the students' procedures and diagnostic results, allowing instructors to comprehensively evaluate students' operational skills, diagnostic accuracy, and adaptability based on this data, understanding their learning progress and providing a reference for subsequent teaching. In addition, the system is suitable for continuing education and clinical skills training. Clinicians can use the system to review and consolidate their knowledge of fundus examinations, encounter rare cases, improve their diagnostic skills and operational abilities, and better serve patients.

[0146] In summary, the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system proposed in this application has the following advantages.

[0147] (1) The intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system can solve the teaching problems in traditional slit-lamp microscope practice teaching, such as limited patient resources, few opportunities for students to practice, and the need for "pupil dilation" operation for fundus examination, which leads to visual impairment for users. This system is not limited by time and space, and students can practice and operate repeatedly at any time without "pupil dilation" until they master the relevant skills.

[0148] (2) The teaching effect of the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system is significant. With the help of a highly simulated environment and rich case resources, students can closely integrate the relevant theoretical knowledge of slit-lamp microscopy with practical operation and conduct different imaging techniques training for different case characteristics and different human physiological states. At the same time, students can participate in the design and modification of the equipment, empowering the cultivation of "medicine + X" compound innovative medical talents.

[0149] (3) The intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system can set specific cases and parameters, which teachers can use to evaluate and guide students’ learning, identify and correct problems in a timely manner, and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of teaching.

[0150] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method based on the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system described above. The solution provided by this intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method is similar to the solution described in the above system. Therefore, the specific limitations in the embodiments of the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method provided below can be found in the limitations of the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0151] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, an intelligent experimental teaching method for eye examination is provided, which specifically includes the following steps.

[0152] S1: Acquire images of various fundus lesions.

[0153] S2: Based on various fundus lesion images, simulate different physiological or pathological states of the real eye.

[0154] S3: Practice observing, operating, and diagnosing various physiological or pathological states of the simulated real eye.

[0155] Based on the aforementioned intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system, the complete process of the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method includes the following steps.

[0156] A1: The supporting software system acquires images of various fundus lesions and sends them to the head physical model.

[0157] A2: The head model is based on various fundus lesion images, combined with adjusted pupil size and intraocular pressure parameters, to simulate different physiological or pathological states of the real eye.

[0158] A3: Users can observe, operate, and diagnose the simulated eye condition using an eye examination tool. At the same time, the eye examination tool collects image signals of the simulated eye and transmits them to the head model.

[0159] A4: The head entity model sequentially performs filtering, amplification, noise reduction, enhancement, and feature extraction on the simulated image signal to obtain digital image data, which is then fed back to the supporting software system.

[0160] A5: The supporting software system extracts key features of the lesions and quantifies and compares them based on the digital image data and the corresponding fundus lesion images, and generates operation evaluation results and error correction suggestions.

[0161] A6: Record the user's operation process, diagnostic results, and evaluation results to form teaching files.

[0162] The intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system and method proposed in this application, through the design of combining software and hardware, has the following significant technical advantages and teaching value.

[0163] (1) Solve the pain points of traditional teaching: It does not require the use of real patients, avoids the impact of "mydriatic" operation on users, and students can perform operation training at any time and repeatedly without time and space restrictions, effectively making up for the problem of insufficient clinical practice opportunities.

[0164] (2) Enhance the pertinence of teaching: The highly simulated environment and rich cases of fundus diseases enable students to closely integrate theoretical knowledge with practical operation. By adjusting parameters such as pupil size and intraocular pressure, the difficulty of operation can be changed, and skills can be improved step by step. Teachers can accurately grasp the students' learning situation through the operation data recorded by the software and realize personalized guidance.

[0165] (3) Strengthen interdisciplinary integration: The system integrates knowledge from multiple disciplines such as medicine, optics, electronic technology, and software technology. Students can participate in equipment upgrades and renovations, cultivate interdisciplinary practical abilities and innovative thinking, and meet the needs of new medical talent training.

[0166] (4) Ensuring teaching safety and standardization: Students practice in a simulated environment, avoiding the possibility of causing discomfort or medical risks to real patients; standardized lesion images and simulated states ensure the consistency and standardization of teaching content, significantly improving the efficiency, effectiveness and quality of experimental teaching.

[0167] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0168] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system, characterized in that, The intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system comprises a head entity model, a matching software system and an eye examination tool; The head entity model is in wireless communication connection with the matching software system, and is also connected with the eye examination tool; The matching software system is used for acquiring various fundus lesion images and sending the various fundus lesion images to the head entity model; The head entity model is used for simulating different physiological or pathological states of a real eye based on the various fundus lesion images; The eye examination tool is used for observation operation and diagnosis practice on various physiological or pathological states of the real eye simulated by the head entity model. 2.The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The head entity model comprises a simulated eye structure and a pupil expansion and contraction device; The pupil expansion and contraction device cooperates with the simulated eye structure, adjusts the pupil diameter of the simulated eye structure through the pupil expansion and contraction device, so as to simulate the eye state of the normal pupil state, the mydriasis state and the pupil change under various pathological conditions. 3.The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pupil expansion and contraction device comprises a driving module, a transmission module, an execution module and a limiting and feedback module; The driving module is in transmission connection with the transmission module, the transmission module is in transmission connection with the execution module, and the limiting and feedback module is in electrical connection with the driving module; The driving module is used for providing power and generating rotary motion; The transmission module is used for converting the rotary motion of the driving module into linear motion; The execution module is used for realizing the opening and closing adjustment of the pupil aperture of the simulated eye structure under the linear motion of the transmission module; The limiting and feedback module is used for limiting the opening and closing state of the pupil aperture, and monitoring and feeding back the pupil aperture in real time.

4. The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The execution module comprises a plurality of groups of symmetrically distributed arc-shaped light-shielding blades and blade supports; The blade support is used for supporting the corresponding arc-shaped light-shielding blade; The edge of each arc-shaped light-shielding blade is provided with a meshing tooth, the meshing tooth is in meshing cooperation with a gear set of the transmission module, so as to realize the synchronous opening and closing control of each arc-shaped light-shielding blade under the linear motion of the transmission module, thereby realizing the opening and closing adjustment of the pupil aperture of the simulated eye structure.

5. The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting and feedback module comprises a travel switch and a photoelectric sensor; The travel switch is used for limiting the movement stroke of the arc-shaped light-shielding blade; The photoelectric sensor is used for monitoring and feeding back the pupil aperture in real time. 6.The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The head entity model further comprises a fundus disease display, a display control module, a data storage and transmission module, an analog signal processing module, an image processing chip, a wireless Bluetooth module and a power management module; The fundus disease display, the display control module, the data storage transmission module, the analog signal processing module, the image processing chip, and the pupil stretching device are electrically connected with the power management module; the fundus disease display and the analog signal processing module are electrically connected with the display control module; the analog signal processing module is electrically connected with the image processing chip; the image processing chip and the wireless Bluetooth module are electrically connected with the data storage transmission module; the wireless Bluetooth module is wirelessly connected with the matching software system; The fundus disease display is used to display various fundus disease images sent by the matching software system; The display control module is used to control the display brightness and imaging output of the fundus disease display; The data storage transmission module is used for data storage, transmission, and synchronization; The analog signal processing module is used to filter and amplify the analog image signals collected by the eye examination tool to obtain processed analog image signals; The image processing chip is used to perform noise reduction, enhancement, and feature extraction processing on the processed analog image signals to obtain digital image data and send it to the matching software system; The wireless Bluetooth module is used to establish a wireless communication link between the head entity model and the matching software system; The power management module is used to allocate stable power to each component in the head entity model.

7. The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The matching software system is also used to extract key features of lesions and perform quantitative comparison based on the digital image data and corresponding fundus disease images using image recognition algorithms to evaluate the accuracy of user operation and diagnostic ability; the key features of lesions include lesion location, shape, color, and boundary. 8.The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The matching software system is also used to adjust the pupil size parameter and intraocular pressure parameter of the simulated eye structure, and has built-in theoretical knowledge of the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic points, and treatment principles of various fundus diseases, supporting the recording of user's operation process and diagnosis results. 9.The intelligent eye examination experiment teaching system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The eye examination tool includes a slit lamp microscope, a funduscope, and / or an ophthalmoscope.

10. An intelligent eye examination experiment teaching method, characterized in that, The intelligent eye examination experimental teaching method is implemented based on the intelligent eye examination experimental teaching system of any one of claims 1-9, and includes: Obtaining various fundus disease images; Based on various fundus disease images, simulate different physiological or pathological states of real eyes; Observe and diagnose the various physiological or pathological states of the simulated real eyes.

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