A dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna, terminal, and unmanned equipment

Abstract

This application proposes a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal, and an unmanned device. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna includes: a dielectric substrate; a first radiating element comprising a first radiating segment and a second radiating segment; a second radiating element comprising a third radiating segment and a fourth radiating segment; the first and third radiating segments are distributed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the fourth and second radiating segments are distributed on a second surface of the dielectric substrate; the first radiating segment has a multi-segmented structure, including a first radiating stub, a second radiating stub, and a third radiating stub; the third radiating segment has a winding structure; the second radiating segment includes a fourth radiating stub, which has a strip-shaped structure; the fourth radiating segment has a monolithic structure, including a fifth, a sixth, and a seventh radiating stub, the sixth and seventh radiating stubs having identical structures and being axially symmetrical about the central axis of the fifth radiating stub. The dual-band antenna of this application combines small size with high-gain radiation in a narrow beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal, and an unmanned device. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of drone technology in surveying, inspection, logistics, and emergency rescue, the demand for stable communication capabilities beyond visual range and over long distances (e.g., over 20 kilometers) is becoming increasingly urgent. One of the keys to achieving this goal lies in the performance of the airborne antenna. However, drone platforms impose extremely stringent limitations on the size, weight, and aerodynamic characteristics of antennas, posing significant challenges to antenna design.

[0003] Currently, existing UAV communication antennas typically suffer from the following technical shortcomings when trying to meet the aforementioned comprehensive requirements:

[0004] 1) The contradiction between size and performance: Traditional high-performance antennas (such as array antennas or high-gain omnidirectional antennas) often require large physical size or complex structure, which runs counter to the development trend of miniaturization and lightweighting of UAVs. Simply reducing the size of the antenna will inevitably lead to a decrease in gain and efficiency, making it impossible to meet the signal strength required for long-distance communication.

[0005] 2) Complexity of multi-band design: Modern UAVs typically need to operate on multiple frequency bands simultaneously (e.g., 1.4 GHz for remote control and data transmission, and 2.4 GHz for image transmission or other payload communication). In existing technologies, antenna designs that achieve dual-band or multi-band operation are often structurally complex (e.g., using multiple independent resonant units or complex matching circuits), which increases antenna size, manufacturing costs, and reduces reliability.

[0006] 3) Limitations of Radiation Pattern: To achieve ultra-long-distance communication, an ideal antenna should possess omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the horizontal plane to ensure the UAV maintains connectivity with the ground station at any azimuth angle, while also having a narrow beamwidth in the vertical plane. This concentrates energy radiation within a small elevation angle range near the horizontal plane (for long-distance UAV flight, a small-angle directivity derived from trigonometric functions is necessary for flight applications between the UAV and remote controller; for example, if the UAV is more than 5 km away and at an altitude of more than 100 meters, the angle is typically within 0-5°), maximizing far-field gain. Most existing small omnidirectional antennas struggle to achieve such precise vertical beam control while maintaining a small size.

[0007] 4) Shortcomings of existing whip antennas: Although conventional whip antennas have the advantage of good omnidirectionality, they usually operate in a single frequency band or wide frequency band. They lack gain optimization in specific frequency bands (1.4GHz and 2.4GHz) and it is difficult to achieve narrow beam characteristics in the vertical plane in a compact size.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative antenna solution that can support multiple key frequency bands such as 1.4GHz and 2.4GHz in an extremely compact physical size, and achieve high-gain radiation with omnidirectional horizontal plane and narrow beam vertical plane, thereby effectively solving the core contradiction between ultra-long-range communication of UAVs and platform miniaturization. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal, and an unmanned device.

[0010] According to a first aspect of this application, a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna is proposed, comprising:

[0011] A dielectric substrate having opposing first and second surfaces;

[0012] The first radiating element includes a first radiating segment and a second radiating segment;

[0013] The second radiating element includes a third radiating segment and a fourth radiating segment;

[0014] The first radiating segment and the third radiating segment are distributed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and there is a feeding gap between the first radiating segment and the third radiating segment. The fourth radiating segment and the second radiating segment are distributed opposite to each other on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0015] The first radiating segment is a multi-segment molded structure. The first radiating segment includes a first radiating branch, a second radiating branch, and a third radiating branch. The first radiating branch and the second radiating branch are two-stage stepped structures, and the third radiating branch is a ring structure distributed on both sides of the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch.

[0016] The third radiating segment has a winding structure and is distributed close to the first radiating branch;

[0017] The second radiating segment includes a fourth radiating branch, which is a strip-shaped structure and distributed along the width direction of the dielectric substrate;

[0018] The fourth radiating segment is a one-piece molded structure. The fourth radiating segment includes a fifth radiating branch, a sixth radiating branch, and a seventh radiating branch. The sixth radiating branch and the seventh radiating branch have the same structure and are axially symmetrical about the length of the fifth radiating branch along the central axis.

[0019] Preferably, the width ratio of the first radiating branch to the second radiating branch is 2:1, and the length ratio of the first radiating branch to the second radiating branch is 1:1.

[0020] Preferably, the third radiating branch is a "G"-shaped ring structure and there are multiple of them, and the number of the third radiating branches distributed on both sides of the second radiating branch is greater than that of the first radiating branch.

[0021] Preferably, the second radiating segment includes at least two fourth radiating branches, and the at least two fourth radiating branches are equally spaced on one side of the fifth radiating branch.

[0022] Preferably, the third radiating segment is a bow-shaped winding structure with a bow ratio of 1:1.

[0023] Preferably, the sixth radial branch includes a first radial sub-branch and a second radial sub-branch. The first radial sub-branch is connected to the fifth radial branch and has a multi-level stepped structure. The second radial sub-branch is connected to the outside of the first radial sub-branch and has a strip-shaped structure. A U-shaped gap is formed between the sixth radial branch and the second radial sub-branch on both sides of the seventh radial branch.

[0024] Preferably, the first radiating sub-branch has a three-tiered structure with a three-tiered width ratio of 2:1:10.

[0025] Preferably, the fifth radiating branch has a resonant gap along the central axis for adjusting the resonant frequency.

[0026] Preferably, it also includes a feed coaxial line, the core of which extends out of the shielding layer and is electrically connected to the first radiating section, the shielding layer of which is electrically connected to the third radiating section, and the other end of which is connected to a threaded sleeve, thereby forming the antenna output.

[0027] Preferably, a through hole is formed on the dielectric substrate at the position corresponding to the third radiation segment and the fourth radiation segment, and the third radiation segment and the fourth radiation segment are vertically connected through the through hole.

[0028] According to a second aspect of this application, a terminal is proposed, comprising a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described above.

[0029] According to a third aspect of this application, an unmanned device is proposed, comprising the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described above.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial results of this application are as follows:

[0031] (1) This application achieves the first impedance matching by connecting the first radiating stub to the second radiating stub, ensuring a gradual impedance transition from the feed point to the top of the antenna; the second impedance matching is achieved through the mutual coupling between the fourth radiating segment and the first radiating stub; and the third impedance matching is achieved by filtering out the clutter generated by the common mode of the feed coaxial line through the third radiating stub. Through these three impedance matchings, the first radiating element of this application achieves a higher impedance of 1.4 GHz, allowing the antenna to operate at a more efficient frequency and improving the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0032] (2) The fourth radiating branch of this application adopts the director principle, which pulls the 1.4GHz radiation pattern of the first radiator downward due to the influence of the coaxial feed line, so that the 1.4GHz radiation pattern meets the requirements of the antenna directivity vertical plane small angle for long-distance flight of UAV, providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, which helps to improve the antenna gain and directivity.

[0033] (3) The second radiating element of this application adopts a unique oscillator superposition method. The precise coupling between the fourth radiating segment and the first radiating branch achieves good impedance of the second radiator at 2.4 GHz, improving the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna. At the same time, the length of the fourth radiating segment is one-quarter wavelength of 2.4 GHz, which effectively controls the resonance tuning of 2.4 GHz. The third radiating segment adopts a winding structure with a length of half wavelength of 2.4 GHz. The winding structure effectively shortens the size requirement while effectively superimposing the 2.4 GHz radiated energy. The length can also be adjusted to offset the 2.4 GHz resonance. The third and fourth radiating segments are connected by upper and lower layer through-holes and distributed in the front and back orientations, so that 2.4 GHz meets the requirements of UAV long-distance flight for antenna directivity vertical plane small angle narrow beam, providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, which helps to improve the antenna gain and directivity. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Other embodiments and many anticipated advantages of these embodiments will be readily recognized as they become better understood through reference to the following detailed description. Elements in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The same reference numerals refer to corresponding similar parts.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first surface of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second surface of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the return loss performance parameters of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is an efficiency diagram of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a vertical plane radiation pattern of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application in the 1.43GHz~1.49GHz range;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a horizontal radiation pattern of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna in the 1.43GHz~1.49GHz range according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a vertical plane radiation pattern of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to a specific embodiment of this application in the 2.4GHz~2.5GHz range;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a horizontal radiation pattern of a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna in the 2.4GHz~2.5GHz range according to a specific embodiment of this application.

[0044] The meaning of each number in the diagram:

[0045] 1. Dielectric substrate; 11. Feed gap; 12. Via

[0046] 2. First radiating unit; 21. First radiating segment; 211. First radiating branch; 212. Second radiating branch; 213. Third radiating branch; 22. Second radiating segment; 221. Fourth radiating branch;

[0047] 3. Second radiating unit; 31. Third radiating segment; 32. Fourth radiating segment; 321. Fifth radiating branch; 3211. Resonant gap; 322. Sixth radiating branch; 3221. First radiating sub-branch; 3222. Second radiating sub-branch; 323. Seventh radiating branch;

[0048] 4. Power supply coaxial cable; 41. Core wire; 42. Shielding layer; 43. Threaded sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0049] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the detailed description and illustrate illustrative specific embodiments in which the present application may be practiced. In this regard, directional terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “up,” “down,” etc., are used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. Because components of the embodiments can be positioned in several different orientations, directional terms are used for illustrative purposes and are by no means limiting. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

[0050] With the widespread application of drones in various fields, drones have extremely stringent requirements for antenna size, weight, aerodynamic characteristics, etc. They not only require the antenna to be able to work on multiple frequency bands, but also to have the characteristics of small size and high gain, while also meeting the antenna directional angle requirements for long-distance drone flight.

[0051] The existing antenna design schemes mainly include the following:

[0052] Conventional single-band whip antenna designs employ a monopole or dipole configuration, adjusting the physical length of the radiating element to achieve resonance in a specific frequency band, such as 2.4 GHz. The structure typically consists of a metal rod or a straight / inverted F-shaped trace printed on a PCB. However, such antennas generally operate effectively only within a narrow frequency band and cannot simultaneously cover both 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz, crucial for UAV communication. Achieving dual-band coverage by adding matching circuitry would sacrifice antenna efficiency and bandwidth, and increase design complexity.

[0053] High-gain design based on array antennas: To achieve high gain and narrow beamwidth, this approach arranges multiple antenna elements (such as patch antennas or microstrip antennas) according to certain rules to form an antenna array. By controlling the feed network and the spacing between elements, beamforming can be achieved, concentrating energy in a specific direction. However, the physical size of the antenna array is usually proportional to the gain, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of UAVs for small-size, low-profile antennas. Its complex feed network also leads to high design difficulty, high manufacturing cost, and increased power consumption. Furthermore, its beamwidth is typically non-omnidirectional, making it unsuitable for UAV communication scenarios requiring omnidirectional coverage.

[0054] Conventional dual-band PCB antenna designs typically involve placing two radiating elements of different shapes and sizes on the PCB (e.g., a longer stub for low-frequency 1.4 GHz and a shorter stub for high-frequency 2.4 GHz), or employing a complex radiating patch structure with multiple resonant points (such as serpentine traces or slotted patches). While these solutions achieve dual-band functionality, they often suffer from limitations in radiation pattern control. They struggle to maintain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane while achieving extremely narrow beamwidths (e.g., 0–5 degrees) in the vertical plane. Furthermore, multiple resonant structures usually occupy a larger board area, contradicting the pursuit of ultra-compact dimensions in the future.

[0055] Flexible or conformal antenna design: The antenna radiating element is fabricated on a flexible substrate (such as polyimide), allowing it to be mounted to fit the curved shell of the drone, reducing air resistance and protecting the antenna. The design focus of this type of antenna is on its mechanical structure and mounting method, rather than the precise optimization of its radiation performance. Its electrical performance (especially gain and vertical beamwidth) is often compromised for the mechanical structure, making it difficult to consistently achieve the high gain and narrow beamwidth requirements of ultra-long-distance (20KM) communication.

[0056] In summary, existing antenna designs cannot simultaneously achieve dual-band (e.g., 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz) operation, omnidirectional horizontal coverage, narrow vertical beamwidth (e.g., 0–5 degrees), and dual-band high-gain radiation (e.g., 2 dBi gain for 1.4 GHz and 4 dBi gain for 2.4 GHz) on a small-sized PCB board. Therefore, this application aims to fill this technological gap.

[0057] According to a first aspect of this application, a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna is proposed. The specific structure of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to an embodiment of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Reference Figures 1-3 The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna of this application includes a dielectric substrate 1, which has a first surface and a second surface facing each other. A first radiating element 2 and a second radiating element 3 are printed on the first and second surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 in a patch form. The length of the first radiating element 2 is greater than that of the second radiating element 3. A feed gap 11 with a width of 1.5 mm exists between the first radiating element 2 and the second radiating element 3. The feed gap 11 reduces electromagnetic coupling between the two radiating elements and improves antenna isolation. It also includes a feed coaxial line 4. The core 41 of the feed coaxial line 4 extends out of the shielding layer 42 and is electrically connected to the first radiating element 2. The shielding layer 42 of the feed coaxial line 4 is electrically connected to the second radiating element 3. The other end of the feed coaxial line 4 is connected to a threaded sleeve 43, thereby forming the output of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna.

[0059] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is a double-layer PCB board. The first side of the dielectric substrate 1 is the front side and the second side is the back side. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR-4 material, with a length of 90mm, a width of 12mm, and a thickness of 0.75mm.

[0060] In this embodiment, through the structural design and arrangement design of the first radiating unit 2 and the second radiating unit 3, the resonant frequency of the first radiating unit 2 is 1.4GHz-1.5GHz, and the resonant frequency of the second radiating unit 3 is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz. The structural design and arrangement design of the first radiating unit 2 and the second radiating unit 3 will be described in detail below.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the first radiating unit 2 includes a first radiating segment 21 and a second radiating segment 22, and the second radiating unit 3 includes a third radiating segment 31 and a fourth radiating segment 32. The first radiating segment 21 and the second radiating segment 22, as well as the third radiating segment 31 and the fourth radiating segment 32, are all distributed in a staggered manner on the first and second surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 using a variant of asymmetric dipoles.

[0062] Specifically, the first radiating segment 21 and the third radiating segment 31 are distributed along the length of the dielectric substrate 1 on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and a feeding gap 11 exists between the first radiating segment 21 and the third radiating segment 31. Correspondingly, the fourth radiating segment 32 and the second radiating segment 22 are distributed along the length of the dielectric substrate 1 on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Multiple through holes 12 are formed on the dielectric substrate 1 at positions corresponding to the third radiating segment 31 and the fourth radiating segment 32, and the third radiating segment 31 and the fourth radiating segment 32 are vertically connected through the through holes 12. Thus, the first radiating unit 2 and the second radiating unit 3 are staggered in a variant of asymmetric dipoles on the upper and lower layers of the dielectric substrate 1.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the first radiating segment 21 includes a first radiating branch 211, a second radiating branch 212, and a third radiating branch 213 in sequence from the direction close to the third radiating segment 31 to the direction far away from the third radiating segment 31, with a total length of 51mm~55mm.

[0064] Both the first radiating stub 211 and the second radiating stub 212 are strip structures with a two-stage stepped structure. The width of the first radiating stub 211 is greater than that of the second radiating stub 212, and the length of the first radiating stub 211 is the same as that of the second radiating stub 212. Impedance matching is achieved by passing through the first radiating stub 211 to the second radiating stub 212, ensuring a gradual impedance transition from the feed point to the antenna end.

[0065] In this embodiment, the width ratio of the first radial branch 211 to the second radial branch 212 is 2:1, and the length ratio is 1:1. In other embodiments, the width ratio of the first radial branch to the second radial branch can be adjusted according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0066] The third radiating stub 213 has a ring structure and multiple stubs are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the first radiating stub 211 and the second radiating stub 212. The third radiating stub 213 adopts the choke ring principle, forming multi-stage filtering on both sides of the first radiating stub 211 and the second radiating stub 212, removing clutter generated by the common mode of the coaxial feed line 4, and improving the antenna efficiency and signal transmission quality.

[0067] In this embodiment, the third radiating branch 213 is a "G"-shaped ring structure, and eight third radiating branches 213 are provided. The number of third radiating branches 213 distributed on both sides of the second radiating branch 212 is greater than that of the first radiating branch 211. Two of them are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the end of the first radiating branch 211, and six are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second radiating branch 212. This arrangement can better reduce the common-mode influence caused by the coaxial feeding line 4.

[0068] In other embodiments, the third radial branch can also be other ring-shaped structures. The number and arrangement of the third radial branches can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the second radiating segment 22 includes at least two fourth radiating branches 221, each 12 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, which are equally spaced on one side of the fourth radiating segment 32. Since the radiation pattern of the first radiating element 2 is shifted upwards due to the feed line, and the fourth radiating segment 32 employs a director principle, the radiation pattern of the first radiating element 2 can be pulled downwards via the director. This allows the radiation pattern of the first radiating element 2 to meet the requirements of the UAV's long-distance flight for a small angle in the antenna's vertical directivity plane, providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, and helping to improve the antenna's gain and directivity.

[0070] In this embodiment, there are two fourth radiating branches 221.

[0071] In one specific embodiment, the third radiating segment 31 is a winding structure with a total length of half the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, approximately 30 mm to 35 mm. The winding structure of the third radiating segment 31 not only shortens the size requirement but also effectively superimposes 2.4 GHz radiated energy, and its length can be adjusted to achieve a 2.4 GHz resonant offset.

[0072] In this embodiment, the third radiating segment 31 is an "arch"-shaped winding structure with an arch ratio of 1:1. In other embodiments, the third radiating segment can also be other winding structures, and the winding ratio can be adjusted according to actual needs; no limitation is imposed here.

[0073] In one specific embodiment, the fourth radiation segment 32 is provided with a U-shaped notch, the opening of which faces the extension direction of the first radiation unit 2, opposite to the third radiation segment 31, and the total length is approximately 30mm~35mm.

[0074] Specifically, the fourth radiation segment 32 includes the fifth radiation branch 321, the sixth radiation branch 322, and the seventh radiation branch 323.

[0075] Among them, the fifth radiating branch 321 is the main body of the fourth radiating segment 32. A strip-shaped resonant gap 3211 is provided in the middle of the fifth radiating branch 321. The resonant gap 3211 is used to adjust the resonant frequency.

[0076] The sixth radiating stub 322 includes a first radiating sub-stub 3221 and a second radiating sub-stub 3222. The first radiating sub-stub 3221 is located at the opening of the resonant slot 3211 and has a multi-level stepped groove structure. The second radiating sub-stub 3222 is located outside the first radiating sub-stub 3221 and has a strip structure with a length of one-quarter wavelength of 2.4 GHz, approximately 17 mm to 20 mm. Its length can also effectively adjust the resonant offset of 2.4 GHz.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first radiating sub-branch 3221 is a three-level stepped groove structure, and the width ratio of each step groove is 2:1:10.

[0078] The seventh radial branch 323 has the same structure as the sixth radial branch 322, and is axially symmetrical about the length of the fifth radial branch 321 along the central axis. The aforementioned "U"-shaped gap is formed between the seventh radial branch 323 and the sixth radial branch 322.

[0079] The second radiating element 3 in this embodiment adopts a unique oscillator superposition method. Through the precise coupling of the first radiating stub 211 with the first radiating sub-stub 3221 and the second radiating sub-stub 3222, the second radiating element 3 achieves good impedance at 2.4GHz, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna and the signal transmission quality.

[0080] This application achieves uniform current distribution within the operating frequency band through the structural design and arrangement design of the first radiating element 2 and the second radiating element 3, enabling the antenna to have dual-frequency narrow beam omnidirectional radiation characteristics. It also achieves higher impedance of the antenna through multiple impedance matching processes and reduces the antenna size through reasonable layout.

[0081] Reference Figure 4 The return loss performance parameter diagram of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow beam antenna shows that the resonant frequency of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow beam antenna in this embodiment is 1.4GHz (1.43GHz~1.49GHz) and 2.4GHz (2.4GHz~2.5GHz), and the return loss is less than -15dB, which is excellent performance.

[0082] Reference Figure 5 The efficiency diagram of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna shows that the resonant frequencies of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna in this embodiment are 1.4GHz (1.43GHz~1.49GHz) and 2.4GHz (2.4GHz~2.5GHz), and the efficiency is greater than 70% in both cases. The high transmission efficiency meets the transmission performance requirements of communication equipment.

[0083] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna has a 2D radiation pattern in the 1.43GHz~1.49GHz range. Taking the center frequency, the maximum gain is greater than 2dBi. In the horizontal plane, it meets the 360° no-dead-angle flight requirements of drones. In the vertical plane, it meets the application scenarios of drones (for long-distance drone flight, the directionality of small angles is determined by trigonometric functions to meet the flight application scenarios between drones and remote controllers. For example, when the drone is more than 5KM away and more than 100 meters high, the angle is usually within 0~5°, and the angle becomes smaller and smaller as the distance increases, infinitely approaching 0°).

[0084] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna has a 2D radiation pattern in the 2.4GHz~2.5GHz range. Taking the center frequency point, the maximum gain is greater than 4dBi. In the horizontal plane, it meets the requirements of 360° drone flight without blind spots. In the vertical plane, it has narrow beam directivity, which also meets the application scenarios of drones.

[0085] In summary, the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna of this application achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0086] (1) This application achieves the first impedance matching by reaching the second radiating stub 212 through the first radiating stub 211, ensuring a gradual impedance transition from the feed point to the top of the antenna; the second impedance matching is achieved through the precise coupling of the first radiating stub 211 with the first radiating sub-stub 3221 and the second radiating sub-stub 3222; the third impedance matching is achieved by filtering out the clutter generated by the common mode of the feed coaxial line 4 through the third radiating stub 213. Through these three impedance matchings, the first radiating element 2 of this application achieves a higher impedance of 1.4 GHz, allowing the antenna to operate at a more efficient frequency and improving the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0087] (2) The fourth radiating branch 221 of this application adopts the director principle to pull the 1.4GHz radiation pattern of the first radiating element 2 downward due to the influence of the feed coaxial line. This makes the 1.4GHz radiation pattern meet the requirements of the UAV for a small angle of the antenna directivity vertical plane for long-distance flight, providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, which helps to improve the antenna gain and directivity.

[0088] (3) The second radiating element 3 of this application adopts a unique oscillator superposition method. The precise coupling of the first radiating stub 211 with the first radiating sub-stub 3221 and the second radiating sub-stub 3222 achieves good impedance of the second radiator at 2.4GHz, improving the efficiency of the antenna and the signal transmission quality. At the same time, the length of the second radiating sub-stub 3222 is one-quarter wavelength of 2.4GHz, effectively controlling the resonance tuning of 2.4GHz. The third radiating segment 31 adopts an "arch"-shaped structure with a length of half wavelength of 2.4GHz. The "arch"-shaped structure shortens the size requirement while effectively superimposing the 2.4GHz radiated energy. The length can also be adjusted to offset the 2.4GHz resonance. The third radiating segment 31 and the fourth radiating segment 32 are connected through the upper and lower layer through-holes 12 and are distributed in the front and back orientations. This allows the 2.4GHz to meet the requirements of the UAV for long-distance flight with a small angle and narrow beam in the vertical plane of the antenna, providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, which helps to improve the antenna gain and directivity, and meet the signal transmission requirements of UAVs for ultra-long distance (20KM and above).

[0089] According to a second aspect of this application, a terminal is also proposed, comprising a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described in the first aspect above.

[0090] In this embodiment, the terminal is a drone remote controller. In other embodiments, the terminal can also be other remote controllers (such as TV remote controllers), routers, or other electronic devices; there is no limitation here.

[0091] In this embodiment, the threaded sleeve 43 of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow beam antenna is used to connect to the drone remote controller.

[0092] According to a third aspect of this application, an unmanned device is also proposed, comprising a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described in the first aspect above.

[0093] In this embodiment, the unmanned device is a drone. In other embodiments, the unmanned device may also be an unmanned vehicle, an unmanned boat, etc., and there is no limitation here.

[0094] In this embodiment, the threaded sleeve 43 of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow beam antenna is used to connect to the UAV.

[0095] It is obvious that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations to the embodiments of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. In this way, this application also aims to cover such modifications and alterations if they fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps not listed in the claims. The simple fact that certain measures are described in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used for profit. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be considered limiting in scope.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, characterized in that, The application relates to an antenna, which comprises: a medium substrate with opposite first and second surfaces; a first radiation unit comprising a first radiation section and a second radiation section; a second radiation unit comprising a third radiation section and a fourth radiation section; wherein the first radiation section and the third radiation section are distributed on the first surface of the medium substrate, a feed gap is formed between the first radiation section and the third radiation section, and the fourth radiation section and the second radiation section are oppositely distributed on the second surface of the medium substrate; the first radiation section is a multi-section shaped structure, the first radiation section comprises a first radiation branch, a second radiation branch and a third radiation branch, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch are two-stage stepped structures, and the third radiation branch is a ring-shaped structure and is distributed on both sides of the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch; the third radiation section is a winding structure and is distributed close to the first radiation branch; the second radiation section comprises a fourth radiation branch, the fourth radiation branch is a strip-shaped structure and is distributed along the width direction of the medium substrate; the fourth radiation section is an integrally formed structure, the fourth radiation section comprises a fifth radiation branch, a sixth radiation branch and a seventh radiation branch, the sixth radiation branch and the seventh radiation branch are the same structure and are axially symmetrically distributed about the length direction of the fifth radiation branch; the sixth radiation branch comprises a first radiation sub-branch and a second radiation sub-branch, the first radiation sub-branch is connected to the fifth radiation branch and is a multi-stage stepped groove-shaped structure, the second radiation sub-branch is connected to the outer side of the first radiation sub-branch and is a strip-shaped structure, and a "U"-shaped notch is formed between the sixth radiation branch and the second radiation sub-branch on the two sides of the seventh radiation branch.

2. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The width ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 2:1, and the length ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 1:

1.

3. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The third radiation branch is a "G"-shaped ring-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of third radiation branches, and the number of the third radiation branches distributed on the two sides of the second radiation branch is greater than that of the first radiation branch.

4. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The second radiation section comprises at least two fourth radiation branches, and the at least two fourth radiation branches are equidistantly distributed on one side of the fifth radiation branch.

5. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The third radiation section is an "arch"-shaped winding structure, and the arch ratio of the third radiation section is 1:

1.

6. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first radiation sub-branch is a three-stage stepped groove-shaped structure, and the three-stage stepped groove width ratio is 2:1:

10.

7. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The fifth radiation branch is provided with a resonance gap for adjusting the resonance frequency along the central axis direction.

8. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The antenna further comprises a feed coaxial line, the core of the feed coaxial line extends out of the shielding layer and is electrically connected to the first radiation section, the shielding layer of the feed coaxial line is electrically connected to the third radiation section, and the other end of the feed coaxial line is connected to a threaded sleeve, so as to form the output of the antenna.

9. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The medium substrate is provided with a through hole corresponding to the positions of the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section, and the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section are connected through the through hole.

10. A terminal, characterized by comprising: A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-9.

11. An unmanned device, comprising: A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-9.

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