Donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
By utilizing the porous and three-dimensional network structure of composite biochar, the problem of nutrient loss in fermented organic fertilizer is solved, achieving efficient adsorption and slow release of nutrients, and improving the fertility and composting efficiency of organic fertilizer.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511784806.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-20
AI Technical Summary
Fermented organic fertilizers suffer significant loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rates.
The composite biochar is made by mixing and reacting silanized bilayer biochar, carboxymethyl cellulose, ferric chloride and tea polyphenols. A porous carbon layer is synthesized on the surface of the biochar by modifying it with phosphoric acid, which increases the adsorption sites and pore structure. Combined with a silane coupling agent to improve dispersibility, a three-dimensional network structure aerogel is formed, which enhances the adsorption and sustained release of nutrients.
It effectively prevents the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, improves the fertility and slow-release effect of organic fertilizer, shortens the fermentation cycle, and promotes decomposition.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer, in particular to a donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] The fermentation organic fertilizer is a technology of producing fertilizer by decomposing organic matter by microorganisms, the core strain includes a composite bacteria composition of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, and is suitable for treating organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure, straw and kitchen garbage. Through the fermentation technology, the biogas residue and biogas slurry are produced as organic fertilizer. The main components of donkey manure, a common livestock and poultry manure, are protein, fatty acid, organic acid, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The effective nutrients can be released only after microbial decomposition. The donkey manure contains rich organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, improves the durability of organic fertilizer, and is an excellent raw material for producing organic fertilizer.
[0003] The addition of donkey manure in the fermentation organic fertilizer can promote the composting and improve the properties of heavy and cold soil. However, the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermentation organic fertilizer is large, resulting in low utilization rate of the fertilizer. The addition of biochar in the fermentation organic fertilizer can slow down the loss of beneficial components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the small channel and small adsorption capacity of biochar make it difficult to adsorb a large amount of nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thereby affecting the fertility of the organic fertilizer. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem of large loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermentation organic fertilizer, resulting in low utilization rate of the fertilizer.
[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: donkey manure 80-100 parts, crop straw 60-70 parts, wood ash 10-15 parts, oil meal 20-30 parts, composite biochar 10-20 parts, humic acid 30-50 parts, and fermentation agent 2-5 parts. The composite biochar is obtained by mixing and reacting silanized double-layer biochar, carboxymethyl cellulose, ferric chloride and tea polyphenol. The silanized double-layer biochar is obtained by synthesizing a porous carbon layer on the surface of phosphoric acid modified biochar, and then surface treating with a silane coupling agent. A preparation method of a donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. The donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar are mixed in a mixing machine, and the water content is adjusted to obtain a premix. S2. The premix is subjected to composting fermentation, low-temperature drying, granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer.
[0006] Further, in step S1, the water content is adjusted to 40-60%.
[0007] Further, in step S1, the mixing machine rotation speed is 20-30 r / min, and the ambient humidity is 20-40%.
[0008] Further, in step S2, the compost fermentation is specifically as follows: the compost fermentation temperature is 55-65℃, the compost fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day.
[0009] Further, in step S2, the temperature of the low-temperature drying is 60-80℃.
[0010] Further, in step S2, the particle size of the fermented organic fertilizer is 0.5-1 mm.
[0011] Further, the organic matter content of the humic acid is 70-90%.
[0012] Further, the fermentation agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of (5-10):(1-5):(1-5).
[0013] Further, the composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and the phosphoric acid solution are mixed, heated and shaken, then placed, taken out, washed, and dried to obtain phosphoric acid modified biochar; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid are added to ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then glucose is added. After stirring, filtration, washing, and drying, the mixture is placed in a tube furnace, potassium hydroxide solution is added, nitrogen is introduced, carbonization is performed, and then the mixture is cooled to room temperature, washed, and dried to obtain double-layer biochar; A3. The double-layer biochar is added to deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then silane coupling agent is added. After stirring and reaction, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain silanized double-layer biochar; A4. Carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized double-layer biochar are added to deionized water, stirred uniformly, and then tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added. After stirring to form a gel, the gel is washed, freeze-dried, and then composite biochar is obtained.
[0014] Further, in the reaction process of A1, the phosphoric acid acts as a catalyst to catalyze the oxidation reaction with the biochar, thereby fixing oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl and phosphoric acid groups on the surface of the biochar, removing impurity particles attached to the surface of the biochar, and making the pore structure of the biochar more abundant, to obtain the phosphoric acid modified biochar.
[0015] Further, in the A2 reaction process, tannic acid contains a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups, has good adhesion, and serves as a connecting agent to enable the carbon precursor glucose to be coated on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified biochar through tannic acid, and after high-temperature carbonization, the glucose is decomposed by heat to form a dense carbon layer, and the potassium hydroxide is decomposed by heat to form pores on the surface of the dense carbon layer, thereby enabling the synthesis of a porous carbon layer on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified biochar and forming a double-layer biochar.
[0016] Further, in the A3 reaction process, the silicon hydroxyl groups generated by the hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent can be combined with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the double-layer biochar, so that the silane coupling agent is grafted on the surface of the double-layer biochar to obtain a silanized double-layer biochar.
[0017] Further, in the A4 reaction process, the ferric chloride as a crosslinking agent can be combined with the oxygen-containing functional groups of the carboxymethyl cellulose through strong hydrogen bonds, and can form a hydrogen bond network with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the tea polyphenol, thereby forming an aerogel structure with a three-dimensional network structure, and the active groups of the silanized double-layer biochar, i.e., the amino groups, can also be combined with the oxygen-containing functional groups in the carboxymethyl cellulose and the tea polyphenol through hydrogen bonds, so that the modified biochar is embedded in the aerogel structure to obtain a composite biochar.
[0018] Further, in step A1, the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is (2-3):(10-15).
[0019] Further, in step A2, the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is (2.5-3):(0.8-1):(90-100):(3-3.5):(2-2.3).
[0020] Further, in step A3, the mass ratio of the double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is (3-3.5):(30-40):(90-100):(1-1.5).
[0021] Further, in step A4, the mass ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is (3.5-4):(3-3.3):(130-150):(1-1.5):(0.3-0.5).
[0022] The present application has the following advantages: (1) In the technical scheme of the present application, the phosphoric acid modified biochar is adopted, wherein the biochar has a loose porous structure and a large specific surface area, can adsorb the nutrient components in the fermented organic fertilizer, prevent the loss of the nutrient components, and the phosphoric acid as a catalyst can fix the oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl and phosphoric acid groups on the surface of the biochar, increase the adsorption sites, can effectively adsorb the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermented organic fertilizer, further prevent the loss of the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermented organic fertilizer, in addition, the phosphoric acid can remove the impurity particles attached to the surface of the biochar, improve the pore structure of the biochar, can adsorb more nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and improve the fertility of the fermented organic fertilizer.
[0023] (2) In the technical scheme of the present application, the porous carbon layer is synthesized on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, wherein a layer of porous carbon layer is coated on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, so that the biochar forms a double-layered porous biochar with a ladder structure, the porous structure of the porous carbon layer can adsorb and fix the nutrient components in the phosphoric acid modified biochar, prevent the further loss of the nutrient components, and when the nutrient components are released by the organic fertilizer, the release path of the nutrient components is increased by the biochar and the porous carbon layer, the slow-release effect of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the fertility of the organic fertilizer is effectively improved, in addition, the double-layered porous biochar can form more pore channels in the compost body, provide sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, thereby accelerating the temperature rise, shortening the fermentation period, and promoting the composting.
[0024] (3) In the technical scheme of the present application, the silane coupling agent is grafted on the surface of the double-layered biochar to provide active groups for the double-layered biochar, which is beneficial to the embedding of the double-layered biochar into the carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel, improves the dispersibility of the double-layered biochar in the fermented organic fertilizer, and further improves the fertility of the fermented organic fertilizer; the modified biochar, carboxymethyl cellulose, ferric chloride and tea polyphenols are mixed to form a three-dimensional network structure aerogel with a carboxymethyl cellulose skeleton, so as to embed the double-layered biochar into the carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel, which can absorb and weaken external stress, avoid the separation of the double-layered structure of the modified biochar under external force during composting and granulation, affect the performance of the fermented organic fertilizer, and the three-dimensional network structure aerogel has a porous structure and a high specific surface area, further reduces the loss of nutrient components and improves the slow-release effect of the organic fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The technical schemes in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0026] The raw materials used in the embodiments of the present application are shown below, and all the reagents used are analytical grade.
[0027] Wherein, the donkey manure is in dry weight.
[0028] Bacillus subtilis No. CICC 10732, Bacillus velezensis No. CICC 25205, purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center.
[0029] Trichoderma viride No. B80200, purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
[0030] Biochar No. yh1327, purchased from Zhengzhou Yihang Water Purification Material Co., Ltd.
[0031] Silane coupling agent is KH550 (γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane).
[0032] Carboxymethyl cellulose No. C804618, tea polyphenol No. T821916, purchased from Shanghai Maikelin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
[0033] Example 1 A donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in mass parts: donkey manure 80 parts, crop straw 60 parts, wood ash 10 parts, oil meal 20 parts, composite biochar 10 parts, humic acid 30 parts, fermentation agent 2 parts; A preparation method of a donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. The donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar are placed in a mixer for mixing, and the moisture content is adjusted to obtain a premix; the mixer speed is 20 r / min, and the environmental humidity is 20%; the moisture content is adjusted to 40%; the organic matter content of humic acid is 70%; The fermentation agent is mixed by Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Bacillus velezensis in a mass ratio of 5:1:1; S2. The premix is composted and fermented, and after low-temperature drying, granulation and screening are performed to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the composting and fermentation temperature is 55℃, the composting and fermentation time is 5 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying temperature is 60℃; the fermented organic fertilizer particle size is 0.5mm.
[0034] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and a 20% phosphoric acid solution are mixed, oscillated at 25℃ for 12h, and placed for 1h, then taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70℃ oven for 10min to obtain phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of biochar to phosphoric acid solution is 2:10; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid are added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, glucose is added, stirred at 70℃ for 30min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min, placed in a tube furnace, 30% potassium hydroxide solution is added, nitrogen is introduced, carbonized at 800℃ for 4h, cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min, to obtain double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is 2.5:0.8:90:3:2; A3. The double-layer biochar is added into deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, KH550 is added, stirred and reacted at 70℃ for 2h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min, to obtain silanized double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is 3:30:90:1; A4. The carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized double-layer biochar are added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added, stirred at 300r / min for 1h to form a gel, the gel is washed with deionized water for 3 times, freeze-dried at-20℃ for 24h, to obtain composite biochar; the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 3.5:3:130:1:0.3.
[0035] Example 2 A donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: donkey manure 90 parts, crop straw 65 parts, wood ash 13 parts, oil meal 25 parts, composite biochar 15 parts, humic acid 40 parts, fermentation agent 3 parts; A preparation method of a donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. The donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar are placed in a mixer for mixing, and the moisture content is adjusted to obtain a premix; the rotation speed of the mixer is 25r / min, and the environmental humidity is 30%; the moisture content is adjusted to 50%; the organic matter content of the humic acid is 80%; The fermentation agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 8:3:3; S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 60℃ for 6 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying is carried out at a temperature of 70℃; and the particle size of the fermented organic fertilizer is 0.8mm.
[0036] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and the 20% phosphoric acid solution were mixed, oscillated at 25℃ for 12h, rested for 1h, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min to obtain the phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of biochar to phosphoric acid solution was 2.5:13; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid were added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then glucose was added, stirred at 70℃ for 30min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min, placed in a tube furnace, added with 30% potassium hydroxide solution, introduced nitrogen, carbonized at 800℃ for 4h, cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min to obtain the double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution was 2.8:0.9:95:3.3:2.2; A3. The double-layer biochar was added into deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then KH550 was added, stirred and reacted at 70℃ for 2h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70℃ for 10min to obtain the silanized double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent was 3.3:35:95:1.3; A4. The carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized double-layer biochar were added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, and then tea polyphenol and ferric chloride were added, stirred at 300r / min for 1h to form a gel, the gel was washed with deionized water for 3 times, and freeze-dried at-20℃ for 24h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride was 3.8:3.2:140:1.3:0.4.
[0037] Example 3 A donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in mass fraction: donkey manure 100 parts, crop straw 70 parts, wood ash 15 parts, oil meal 30 parts, composite biochar 20 parts, humic acid 50 parts, fermentation agent 5 parts; A preparation method of a donkey manure fermentation organic fertilizer, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. The donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar were placed in a mixer for mixing, and the moisture content was adjusted to obtain a premix; the rotation speed of the mixer was 30r / min, and the environmental humidity was 40%; the moisture content was adjusted to 60%; the organic matter content of humic acid was 90%; The fermentation agent was prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 10:5:5; S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, and then granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 65 DEG C for 7 days, with daily turning; the low-temperature drying is carried out at a temperature of 80 DEG C; and the fermented organic fertilizer has a particle size of 1 mm.
[0038] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar is mixed with a phosphoric acid solution with a mass fraction of 20% at 25 DEG C for 12 h, and then left to stand for 1 h, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70 DEG C for 10 min to obtain the phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is 3:15; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid are added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then glucose is added, stirred at 70 DEG C for 30 min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in an oven at 70 DEG C for 10 min, placed in a tube furnace, added with a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 30%, and carbonized at 800 DEG C for 4 h while nitrogen is introduced, cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70 DEG C for 10 min to obtain the double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is 3:1:100:3.5:2.3; A3. The double-layer biochar is added into deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then KH550 is added, stirred and reacted at 70 DEG C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in an oven at 70 DEG C for 10 min to obtain the silanized double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of the double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is 3.5:40:100:1.5; A4. The carboxymethyl cellulose and the silanized double-layer biochar are added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, and then tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added, stirred at 300 r / min for 1 h to form a gel, the gel is washed with deionized water for 3 times, and then freeze-dried at -20 DEG C for 24 h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 4:3.3:150:1.5:0.5.
[0039] Comparative Example 1 The donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: donkey manure 100 parts, crop straw 70 parts, wood ash 15 parts, oil meal 30 parts, composite biochar 20 parts, humic acid 50 parts, and fermentation agent 5 parts. The preparation method of the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following preparation steps: S1. Put donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar into a mixer for mixing, and adjust the moisture content to obtain a premix; the rotation speed of the mixer is 30 r / min, and the environmental humidity is 40%; the moisture content is adjusted to 60%; the organic matter content of the humic acid is 90%; The fermentation agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum at a mass ratio of 10:5:5; S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 65℃ for 7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying is carried out at a temperature of 80℃; and the fermented organic fertilizer has a particle size of 1 mm.
[0040] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and tannic acid are added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, and glucose is added, stirred at 70℃ for 30 min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in a 70℃ oven for 10 min, placed in a tube furnace, 30% potassium hydroxide solution is added, nitrogen is introduced, carbonized at 800℃ for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in a 70℃ oven for 10 min to obtain double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is 3:1:100:3.5:2.3; A2. The double-layer biochar is added into deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, and KH550 is added, stirred and reacted at 70℃ for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in a 70℃ oven for 10 min to obtain silanized double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is 3.5:40:100:1.5; A3. The carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized double-layer biochar are added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, and tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added, stirred at 300 r / min for 1 h to form a gel, the gel is washed with deionized water for 3 times, and freeze-dried at-20℃ for 24 h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 4:3.3:150:1.5:0.5.
[0041] Comparative Example 2 A donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: donkey manure 100 parts, crop straw 70 parts, wood ash 15 parts, oil meal 30 parts, composite biochar 20 parts, humic acid 50 parts, fermentation agent 5 parts; A preparation method of a donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. Put donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar into a mixer for mixing, and adjust the moisture content to obtain a premix; the rotation speed of the mixer is 30 r / min, and the environmental humidity is 40%; the moisture content is adjusted to 60%; the organic matter content of the humic acid is 90%; The fermentation agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum at a mass ratio of 10:5:5; S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 65℃ for 7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying is carried out at a temperature of 80℃; and the fermented organic fertilizer has a particle size of 1 mm.
[0042] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. Mix the biochar and a phosphoric acid solution with a mass fraction of 20% at 25℃ for 12 h, stand for 1 h, take out, wash with deionized water for 3 times, and dry in a 70℃ oven for 10 min to obtain phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is 3:15; A2. Add the phosphoric acid modified biochar into deionized water and ethanol, stir uniformly, add KH550, stir at 70℃ for 2 h, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with deionized water for 3 times, and dry in a 70℃ oven for 10 min to obtain silanized phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is 3.5:40:100:1.5; A3. Add carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized phosphoric acid modified biochar into deionized water, stir uniformly, add tea polyphenol and ferric chloride, stir at 300 r / min for 1 h to form a gel, wash the gel with deionized water for 3 times, and freeze dry at-20℃ for 24 h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized phosphoric acid modified biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 4:3.3:150:1.5:0.5.
[0043] Comparative Example 3 A donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: donkey manure 100 parts, crop straw 70 parts, wood ash 15 parts, oil meal 30 parts, composite biochar 20 parts, humic acid 50 parts, fermentation agent 5 parts; A preparation method of a donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Put donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar into a mixer for mixing, and adjust the moisture content to obtain a premix; the rotation speed of the mixer is 30 r / min, and the environmental humidity is 40%; the moisture content is adjusted to 60%; the organic matter content of the humic acid is 90%; The fermentation agent is mixed by Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum according to a mass ratio of 10:5:5; S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, and then granulation and screening to obtain the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is specifically as follows: the compost fermentation temperature is 65 DEG C, the compost fermentation time is 7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying temperature is 80 DEG C; and the fermented organic fertilizer has a particle size of 1 mm.
[0044] The composite biochar is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and a phosphoric acid solution with a mass fraction of 20% are mixed, oscillated at 25 DEG C for 12 h, and then left to stand for 1 h, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70 DEG C oven for 10 min to obtain the phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is 3:15; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid are added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then glucose is added, stirred at 70 DEG C for 30 min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in a 70 DEG C oven for 10 min, placed in a tube furnace, a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 30% is added, nitrogen is introduced, carbonized at 800 DEG C for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70 DEG C oven for 10 min to obtain the double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is 3:1:100:3.5:2.3; A3. The carboxymethyl cellulose and the double-layer biochar are added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, and then tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added, stirred at 300 r / min for 1 h to form a gel, the gel is washed with deionized water for 3 times, and then freeze-dried at-20 DEG C for 24 h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 4:3.3:150:1.5:0.5.
[0045] Comparative Example 4 The donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of donkey manure, 70 parts of crop straw, 15 parts of wood ash, 30 parts of oil meal, 20 parts of composite biochar, 50 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of fermentation agent; The preparation method of the donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following preparation steps: S1. The donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation agent and composite biochar are mixed in a mixer to obtain a premix, and the water content is adjusted; the rotation speed of the mixer is 30 r / min, the environmental humidity is 40%, and the water content is adjusted to 60%; the organic matter content of the humic acid is 90%; The fermentation agent is mixed by Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus plantarum according to a mass ratio of 10:5:5. S2. The premix is subjected to compost fermentation, low-temperature drying, and then granulation and screening to obtain the horse manure fermented organic fertilizer; the compost fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 65℃ for 7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day; the low-temperature drying is carried out at a temperature of 80℃; and the fermented organic fertilizer has a particle size of 1mm.
[0046] The composite biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. The biochar and a phosphoric acid solution with a mass fraction of 20% are mixed, oscillated at 25℃ for 12h, and then left to stand for 1h; the mixture is taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70℃ oven for 10min to obtain the phosphoric acid modified biochar; the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is 3:15; A2. The phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid are added into ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then glucose is added; the mixture is stirred at 70℃ for 30min, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, dried in a 70℃ oven for 10min, placed in a tube furnace, and then a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 30% is added; nitrogen is introduced, and the mixture is carbonized at 800℃ for 4h; the mixture is cooled to room temperature, taken out, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70℃ oven for 10min to obtain the double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is 3:1:100:3.5:2.3; A3. The double-layer biochar is added into deionized water and ethanol, stirred uniformly, and then KH550 is added; the mixture is stirred and reacted at 70℃ for 2h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and dried in a 70℃ oven for 10min to obtain the silanized double-layer biochar; the mass ratio of the double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is 3.5:40:100:1.5; A4. The silanized double-layer biochar is added into deionized water, stirred uniformly, and then tea polyphenol and ferric chloride are added; the mixture is stirred at 300r / min for 1h, washed with deionized water for 3 times, and freeze-dried at-20℃ for 24h to obtain the composite biochar; the mass ratio of the silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is 7.3:150:1.5:0.5.
[0047] The fermented organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are subjected to performance detection.
[0048] The fermented organic fertilizer prepared above and soil are mixed uniformly according to a mass ratio of 1:80, then loaded into flowerpots, 20 wheat seeds are sowed in each flowerpot, after the wheat sprouts, the seedlings are thinned, 5 wheat seedlings with consistent growth are reserved, after winter, the pots are buried in the soil to prevent the wheat roots from being frozen, after the wheat is harvested, the whole wheat plants are taken, dried and weighed, the received dry matter quality of the wheat is recorded; the nitrogen content of the wheat plant is determined by the Nessler colorimetric method, the phosphorus content is determined by the vanadium-molybdenum yellow colorimetric method, and the potassium content is determined by the flame photometric method.
[0049] The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0050] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the fermented organic fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 has high fertility, can increase the yield of crops, and can improve the soil fertility.
[0051] In Comparative Example 1, the phosphoric acid modified biochar is replaced by biochar added to the fermented organic fertilizer of horse manure, the yield of wheat decreases, and the nutrient components in the wheat decrease, which proves that the phosphoric acid modified biochar can fix carboxyl, phosphoric acid groups and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the biochar, increase the adsorption sites, effectively adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the fermented organic fertilizer, and further prevent the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the fermented organic fertilizer. In addition, the phosphoric acid can remove impurity particles attached to the surface of the biochar, improve the pore structure of the biochar, adsorb more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, and improve the fertility of the fermented organic fertilizer.
[0052] In Comparative Example 2, the double-layer biochar is replaced by phosphoric acid modified biochar added to the fermented organic fertilizer of horse manure, the yield of wheat decreases, and the nutrient components in the wheat decrease, which proves that the surface of the phosphoric acid modified biochar is coated with a layer of porous carbon layer, so that the biochar forms a double-layer porous biochar with a ladder structure. The porous structure of the porous carbon layer can adsorb and fix the nutrient components adsorbed in the phosphoric acid modified biochar, prevent the further loss of the nutrient components, and when the organic fertilizer releases the nutrient components, the nutrient components need to pass through the biochar and the porous carbon layer, increasing the release path of the nutrient components and improving the slow-release effect of the organic fertilizer, thereby effectively improving the fertility of the organic fertilizer. In addition, the double-layer porous biochar can form more pore channels in the compost, providing sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, thereby accelerating the warming, shortening the fermentation period, and promoting the composting.
[0053] In Comparative Example 3, the silanized double-layer biochar is replaced by double-layer biochar added to the fermented organic fertilizer of horse manure, the yield of wheat decreases, and the nutrient components in the wheat decrease, which proves that the silane coupling agent is grafted on the surface of the double-layer biochar to provide active groups for the double-layer biochar, which is beneficial to the embedding of the double-layer biochar into the carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel, improving the dispersibility of the double-layer biochar in the fermented organic fertilizer, and thereby improving the fertility of the fermented organic fertilizer.
[0054] The comparative example 4 replaces the carboxymethyl cellulose with the same mass of silanized double-layer biochar into the horse manure fermentation organic fertilizer, the wheat yield decreases, and the nutrient components in the wheat decrease, which proves that the modified biochar, carboxymethyl cellulose, ferric chloride and tea polyphenol mixed reaction forms the three-dimensional network structure aerogel with carboxymethyl cellulose skeleton, realizes the embedding of the double-layer biochar into the carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel, can absorb and weaken the external stress, avoids the separation of the double-layer structure of the modified biochar in the composting and granulation process under the action of external force, affects the performance of the fermentation organic fertilizer, and the three-dimensional network structure aerogel has a porous structure and a specific surface area, further reduces the loss of nutrient components and improves the slow-release effect of the organic fertilizer.
[0055] In the description of the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0056] The above is only an example and description of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar ways to replace, as long as it does not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present claims, which shall belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A fermented organic manure of donkey dung, characterized in that, The compound biochar is prepared by the following steps: A1. mixing biochar and phosphoric acid solution, heating and oscillating, then standing, taking out, washing, drying to obtain phosphoric acid modified biochar; A2. adding phosphoric acid modified biochar and tannic acid into ethanol, stirring, adding glucose, filtering, washing, drying, placing in a tube furnace, adding potassium hydroxide solution, passing nitrogen, carbonizing, cooling to room temperature, taking out, washing, drying to obtain double-layer biochar; 2. The fermented manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A3. adding double-layer biochar into deionized water and ethanol, stirring, adding silane coupling agent, stirring until the reaction is completed, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing, drying to obtain silanized double-layer biochar; A4. adding carboxymethyl cellulose and silanized double-layer biochar into deionized water, stirring, adding tea polyphenol and ferric chloride, stirring to gel, washing the gel, freeze-drying to obtain compound biochar. In step A1, the mass ratio of biochar to phosphoric acid solution is (2-3):(10-15). In step A2, the mass ratio of phosphoric acid modified biochar, tannic acid, ethanol, glucose and potassium hydroxide solution is (2.5-3):(0.8-1):(90-100):(3-3.5):(2-2.3). In step A3, the mass ratio of double-layer biochar, deionized water, ethanol and silane coupling agent is (3-3.5):(30-40):(90-100):(1-1.5).
3. The kind of horse manure fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step A4, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose, silanized double-layer biochar, deionized water, tea polyphenol and ferric chloride is (3.5-4):(3-3.3):(130-150):(1-1.5):(0.3-0.5).
4. The fermented manure organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation steps include:
5. The kind of horse manure fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, S1. mixing donkey manure, crop straw, wood ash, oil meal, humic acid, fermentation bacteria and compound biochar in a mixer, and adjusting the moisture content to obtain a premix; 6. The kind of horse manure fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, S2. composting and fermenting the premix, low-temperature drying, then granulating and screening to obtain donkey manure fermented organic fertilizer.
7. A method of producing a fermented organic manure of donkey dung according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the moisture content is adjusted to 40-60%. In step S2, the composting and fermentation are specifically as follows: the composting and fermentation temperature is 55-65℃, the composting and fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the compost is turned over once a day. In step S2, the low-temperature drying temperature is 60-80℃, and the fermented organic fertilizer particle size is 0.5-1mm.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the horse manure is fermented at a temperature of 30 to 40°C for 2 to 4 weeks. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the horse manure is fermented at a temperature of 30 to 40°C for 2 to 4 weeks. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the horse manure is fermented at a temperature of 30 to 40°C for 2 to 4 weeks.