Intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and hot stimulation rehabilitation treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and hot stimulation rehabilitation therapy, the system takes an STM32 microcontroller as a main control module core, and combines a PT100 temperature sensor and a PID algorithm to realize accurate temperature control, and the control precision reaches + / -0.5 DEG C. Bidirectional data interaction is carried out through the HC05 Bluetooth module and a smart phone APP, operation is convenient and fast, a user can remotely set the target temperature ranging from 10 DEG C to 50 DEG C, the precision is 0.1 DEG C, and the temperature and the working state can be checked in real time. The system integrates an infrared human body sensor and a buzzer alarm unit, equipment is standby when no human body signal is detected, alarm is given when the temperature exceeds a safety range of 10-50 DEG C, and the system is safe and reliable. The device has a cold mode and a hot mode, different treatment requirements can be met, and the device can be repeatedly used. The system is wide in application scene, covers medical care, exercise training and intelligent wearing markets, can effectively improve the treatment effect and the user experience, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rehabilitation therapy technology, specifically to an intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy. Background Technology

[0002] Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic disease that severely impacts patients' health and lives. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is currently the best treatment option for patients in the middle and late stages. Related clinical studies have shown that postoperative alternating hot and cold therapy significantly relieves postoperative pain. However, traditional cold and hot therapy devices have limitations and are inconvenient for patients to use independently. With the development of microelectronics and intelligent sensing technologies, some medical device companies have begun to focus on developing wearable intelligent medical devices, including devices related to hot and cold therapy. These wearable devices are portable, easy to operate, and convenient to use, breaking the time and space limitations of hot and cold therapy, allowing for immediate use. Furthermore, the temperature control system provides a more comfortable user experience. Therefore, the development of wearable intelligent medical devices has broad prospects. Currently, the market for physiotherapy products mainly focuses on single-function heat therapy, with a market gap in the combination of hot and cold therapy. Moreover, the performance and quality of heat therapy vary, indicating significant room for development and improvement.

[0003] The thin and lightweight nature of semiconductor heating and cooling elements makes them suitable as heat and cooling sources for portable hot and cold therapy devices. Therefore, the electrothermal and heat transfer properties of semiconductor cooling elements have attracted widespread attention from researchers both domestically and internationally. The finite element method, commonly used in physics, can be used to establish models of heat transfer between semiconductor cooling elements, fabrics, and human tissues. This makes it highly suitable for the thermodynamic analysis of wearable smart medical devices, providing theoretical guidance for the development of related products.

[0004] The knee joint is a vital weight-bearing joint, one of the most frequently used and weight-bearing joints in the human body. Its structure and function are complex. If the knee joint becomes diseased, it can lead to decreased joint function and severely impact a patient's quality of life. Total knee replacement (TKA) is an effective treatment for joint diseases. However, in the early stages after TKA, patients often experience swelling and pain, which hinders the recovery of knee function and can even lead to partial knee dysfunction, affecting postoperative rehabilitation. Many studies have found that combining cold and heat therapy with active and passive exercise also plays a positive role in the functional recovery of the knee joint.

[0005] Currently, ice packs and hot water bottles are the most widely used methods of cold and heat therapy in clinical practice. However, many drawbacks have been found during their use. Not only do they require the prior preparation of ice or hot water, but they also need to be changed frequently during treatment, increasing the workload of nursing staff and affecting the effectiveness of cold or hot compresses on the patient. Furthermore, the stimulation temperature of ice packs and hot water bottles is difficult to control: excessively low or high temperatures can damage the affected muscles, and the temperature of ice packs and hot water bottles gradually changes over time, making it impossible to precisely control the temperature of the affected area. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: an intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy, comprising: The main control module uses an STM32 microcontroller as the core processing unit to receive instructions, process temperature data, and output control signals. The temperature acquisition module includes a PT100 temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the main control module and is used to acquire the surface temperature of the PTC heating module and the semiconductor refrigeration module in real time. The temperature control execution module includes a PTC heating module and a semiconductor refrigeration module, which are electrically connected to the main control module through a relay and an L298N motor drive board, respectively, and are controlled by the main control module to realize the heating or cooling function; The wireless communication module, using an HC05 Bluetooth module, is electrically connected to the main control module to enable bidirectional data interaction between the main control module and the smartphone APP. The human-computer interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a smartphone APP. The OLED display screen is used to display the temperature and working status, and the smartphone APP is used to input a preset temperature value and send control commands. The control algorithm module, integrated within the main control module, uses a PID algorithm to adjust the operating power of the temperature control execution module based on the temperature deviation.

[0008] Preferably, the smartphone app includes: Bluetooth connection unit, used to search for and pair the HC05 Bluetooth module, supports wireless connection within 10 meters; The temperature setting unit allows users to set a target temperature of 10℃-50℃ by sliding a slider or entering a value, with an accuracy of 0.1℃. The status display unit shows the current temperature, operating mode, and Bluetooth connection status in real time.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a security protection module, the security protection module comprising: An infrared human body sensor, electrically connected to the main control module, is used to detect whether the user is wearing the device and triggers standby mode when no human body signal is detected. The buzzer alarm unit is electrically connected to the main control module and emits an alarm signal when the temperature exceeds the safe range of 10℃-50℃.

[0010] Preferably, the working logic of the temperature control execution module is as follows: When the preset temperature is <25℃, the main control module drives the semiconductor cooling module to work; When the preset temperature is greater than 30°C, the main control module drives the PTC heating module to work; When 25℃≤preset temperature≤30℃, the temperature control execution module enters standby mode.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature acquisition accuracy of the PT100 temperature sensor is ±0.1℃, and the temperature control accuracy of the PID algorithm is ±0.5℃.

[0012] Preferably, the main control module uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and integrates a 12-bit ADC module to process the analog signal from the PT100 temperature sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the wireless communication module supports connection to smartphone apps running iOS and Android systems, with a Bluetooth transmission rate of 1Mbps.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a power supply module, the power supply module comprising: Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide DC power. The LM2596S adjustable step-down module is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack and outputs a stable voltage to the main control module and peripheral modules.

[0015] Preferably, the L298N motor drive board module is used to adjust the direction and power of the operating current of the semiconductor refrigeration module, and the relay is used to switch the heating circuit of the PTC heating module on and off.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature control method of the system includes: The smartphone app sends a preset temperature value through the wireless communication module; The PT100 temperature sensor collects the temperature in real time and transmits it to the main control module. The main control module calculates the temperature deviation using a PID algorithm and outputs an adjustment amount to control the temperature control execution module to stabilize the actual temperature within 6-8 seconds to a preset temperature range of ±0.5℃.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above solution, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Precise temperature control: By using a PT100 temperature sensor combined with a PID algorithm, the temperature of the PTC heating module and the semiconductor cooling module can be collected in real time and accurately. The operating state of the heating or cooling equipment is automatically adjusted according to the user-preset temperature value, achieving a temperature control accuracy of ±0.5℃. This ensures temperature stability during thermotherapy and provides patients with more reliable treatment results. For example, when the room temperature is approximately 25℃, if the cooling temperature is set to 15℃, the semiconductor module stabilizes at the set temperature after 6.5 seconds of starting cooling; if the heating temperature is set to 38℃, the PTC heating module stabilizes at the set temperature after 7 seconds of starting heating.

[0018] Easy to operate: Through wireless communication between a smartphone app and the Bluetooth module, users can remotely and conveniently send temperature control commands to the main controller, such as setting the target temperature, starting or stopping heating / cooling, without the need for manual operation of the device. Simultaneously, the app can display temperature information in real time, allowing users to intuitively understand temperature changes during treatment, enhancing their sense of control over the process and improving the convenience and comfort of treatment.

[0019] Safe and reliable: The system integrates an infrared human body sensor and a buzzer alarm unit. The infrared human body sensor can detect whether the user is wearing the device. When no human body signal is detected, the device enters standby mode to save energy. When the temperature exceeds the safe range (<10℃ or >50℃), the buzzer sounds an alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety, effectively reducing the safety risks caused by excessively high or low temperatures.

[0020] Multifunctionality and reusability: The system features both cold and hot modes to meet the needs of different treatment stages. For example, preoperative cold therapy can reduce knee pain and swelling, while postoperative heat therapy can promote blood circulation and accelerate tissue repair. Furthermore, the device can be operated independently and reused, eliminating the need for disposable consumables, thus saving manpower and resources and aligning with environmental protection principles.

[0021] Its applications are wide-ranging: it can be used in the healthcare market, such as post-knee replacement surgery rehabilitation and arthritis treatment; it is also suitable for elderly care, helping seniors with daily care at home, relieving pain, and improving their quality of life. In the sports training market, it can raise muscle temperature before exercise and prevent sports injuries, and relieve muscle soreness, swelling, and inflammation after exercise. Furthermore, it can be integrated into smart wearable devices for convenient use in daily life and work. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the human-computer interaction module system flowchart of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control execution module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the touchscreen interface of the system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control execution template circuit block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of temperature change in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of temperature change in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] like Figure 1-5 As shown: An intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy includes: The main control module uses an STM32 microcontroller as the core processing unit to receive instructions, process temperature data, and output control signals. The temperature acquisition module includes a PT100 temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the main control module and is used to acquire the surface temperature of the PTC heating module and the semiconductor refrigeration module in real time. The temperature control execution module includes a PTC heating module and a semiconductor refrigeration module, which are electrically connected to the main control module through a relay and an L298N motor drive board, respectively, and are controlled by the main control module to realize the heating or cooling function; The wireless communication module, using an HC05 Bluetooth module, is electrically connected to the main control module to enable bidirectional data interaction between the main control module and the smartphone APP. The human-computer interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a smartphone APP. The OLED display screen is used to display the temperature and working status, and the smartphone APP is used to input a preset temperature value and send control commands. The control algorithm module, integrated within the main control module, uses a PID algorithm to adjust the operating power of the temperature control execution module based on the temperature deviation.

[0024] Preferably, the smartphone app includes: Bluetooth connection unit, used to search for and pair the HC05 Bluetooth module, supports wireless connection within 10 meters; The temperature setting unit allows users to set a target temperature of 10℃-50℃ by sliding a slider or entering a value, with an accuracy of 0.1℃. The status display unit shows the current temperature, operating mode, and Bluetooth connection status in real time.

[0025] Preferably, it also includes a security protection module, the security protection module comprising: An infrared human body sensor, electrically connected to the main control module, is used to detect whether the user is wearing the device and triggers standby mode when no human body signal is detected. The buzzer alarm unit, electrically connected to the main control module, emits an alarm signal when the temperature exceeds the safe range of 10℃-50℃; the working logic of the temperature control execution module is as follows: When the preset temperature is <25℃, the main control module drives the semiconductor cooling module to work; When the preset temperature is greater than 30°C, the main control module drives the PTC heating module to work; When 25℃≤Preset Temperature≤30℃, the temperature control execution module enters standby mode; the temperature acquisition accuracy of the PT100 temperature sensor is ±0.1℃, and the temperature control accuracy of the PID algorithm is ±0.5℃; the main control module uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, integrating a 12-bit ADC module for processing the analog signal from the PT100 temperature sensor; the wireless communication module supports connection to iOS and Android smartphone apps, with a Bluetooth transmission rate of 1Mbps; it also includes a power supply module, which includes: Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide DC power. The LM2596S adjustable step-down module is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack and outputs a stable voltage to the main control module and peripheral modules; the L298N motor drive board module is used to adjust the operating current direction and power of the semiconductor refrigeration module; the relay is used to switch the heating circuit of the PTC heating module on and off; the temperature control method of the system includes: The smartphone app sends a preset temperature value through the wireless communication module; The PT100 temperature sensor collects the temperature in real time and transmits it to the main control module. The main control module calculates the temperature deviation using a PID algorithm and outputs an adjustment amount to control the temperature control execution module to stabilize the actual temperature within 6-8 seconds to a preset temperature range of ±0.5℃.

[0026] In this embodiment, the functional modules are designed first, as follows: Figure 1Using an STM32 microcontroller and an HC05 Bluetooth module, the system transmits commands and interacts with the user's smartphone app. After receiving commands, the main controller analyzes and processes them, and then uses a PID algorithm to optimize the control of the PTC heating module or semiconductor cooling module based on the user's preset temperature value. The system's working status and temperature information are displayed in real time on an OLED display and a mobile app interface. Next, the host computer software (smartphone APP) is designed as follows: Figure 2 After module initialization, first click "Enable Bluetooth," then click the target Bluetooth address in the Bluetooth selection list and return to the main interface. The Bluetooth status message will indicate a successful Bluetooth connection, and the Bluetooth address will be displayed as the target Bluetooth address. By sliding the slider or entering a value in the dialog box and clicking the interface control button, you can send the set temperature value to the hardware device. After receiving the instruction, the STM32 microcontroller's MCU executes the corresponding program to start the PTC heating or semiconductor cooling module, returning the real-time temperature value in its corresponding label. When you select "Disconnect Bluetooth," the program terminates, and the Bluetooth status message will indicate "Bluetooth Disconnected."

[0027] Design the lower-level machine hardware and follow the workflow. Figure 3 As shown, after system initialization, the OLED displays current information. An infrared sensor determines if a user is present; if so, subsequent temperature control logic is executed; otherwise, it is not. A PT100 temperature sensor detects the module's actual temperature and outputs a digital signal to the microcontroller. The collected temperature is compared with the set temperature value, and a PID algorithm is used to calculate the required temperature control adjustment based on the deviation. This controls the peripheral module to heat or cool, adjusting the module's actual temperature towards the set value. When the actual temperature exceeds the safe range, the system sounds an alarm to alert the user.

[0028] After the technical design was completed, physical fabrication began. The host computer software was primarily developed using WxBit programming, and the touchscreen interface is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. The target Bluetooth address is selected via the APP's Bluetooth address selection interface to establish a wireless connection between the host computer software and the slave hardware. By sliding the slider or entering a value in the input box, and clicking the interface control button, the set temperature is sent to the hardware device, and the real-time temperature is displayed in the corresponding position below the control.

[0029] According to the hardware circuit principle of the host computer Figure 5Using the STM32F103C8 system board as its core, various peripheral modules are connected, including: power supply, relays, semiconductor cooling module, PTC heating module, L298N motor driver board module, LM2596S adjustable step-down module, DS18B20 temperature sensor, infrared human body sensor, HC05 Bluetooth module, OLED display, PT100 temperature sensor, etc. The output voltage of the LM2596S adjustable step-down module is adjusted to the desired value by rotating its potentiometer. Programs and configuration files are written using Keilu5 software and burned into the microcontroller. The system's intelligent temperature control function is achieved by calling the relevant programs of each module.

[0030] Example 1 With a room temperature of approximately 25°C and a set cooling temperature of 15°C, the semiconductor module's temperature showed a decreasing trend after cooling began, stabilizing at 6.5 seconds and reaching the set temperature. The temperature change was as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0031] Example 2 With a room temperature of approximately 25°C, and the heating temperature set to 38°C, the PTC heating module exhibits an upward trend after heating begins, stabilizing at the set temperature after 7 seconds. The temperature change is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0032] The above embodiments demonstrate that the designed and manufactured intelligent wireless temperature control system possesses excellent performance. When the semiconductor cooling module and PTC heating module are placed on the subject's body surface, the temperature remains stable, continuously providing cold and heat therapy stimulation. This results in a good user experience and shows great application potential.

[0033] In the healthcare market, this system can be used in orthopedics, such as post-knee replacement surgery rehabilitation and arthritis treatment. It is primarily applied to the intraoperative care of patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKA). Preoperative cryotherapy can help reduce knee pain and swelling, creating better conditions for surgery. Early postoperative cryotherapy can effectively control pain and swelling and promote wound healing. Late postoperative heat therapy can promote blood circulation, accelerate tissue repair, and accelerate functional recovery. Combining heat therapy with rehabilitation exercises can help patients restore knee joint mobility and improve surgical outcomes. Heat therapy can also promote lower limb blood circulation and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It can also be applied to geriatric care. Elderly people often suffer from knee joint diseases; this system can help them with daily home care, relieve pain, and improve their quality of life. By relieving pain and improving joint function, it can also reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.

[0034] In the sports training market, with increasing health awareness and a continued surge in fitness enthusiasm, the demand for sports training-related products and services is constantly growing. Simultaneously, the integration of technology and sports is becoming increasingly close, leading to rapid development in the smart sports equipment market. This system can effectively improve athletic performance by using heat therapy before exercise to raise muscle temperature, increase joint mobility, and prevent sports injuries. The cryotherapy mode can effectively relieve muscle soreness, swelling, and inflammation after exercise, accelerating recovery. It can also help athletes alleviate chronic pain caused by long-term training, such as knee pain.

[0035] In the smart wearable market, the market size is enormous and continues to grow, providing a vast market space for smart temperature control systems. The rapid development of sensor technology, artificial intelligence technology, and Internet of Things technology also provides technological support for smart temperature control systems. Temperature control systems can be integrated into wearable devices such as knee braces and waist belts, allowing users to wear them seamlessly, making daily life and work more convenient.

[0036] The above description of the embodiments is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the principles of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy, characterized in that, include: The main control module uses an STM32 microcontroller as the core processing unit to receive instructions, process temperature data, and output control signals. The temperature acquisition module includes a PT100 temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the main control module and is used to acquire the surface temperature of the PTC heating module and the semiconductor refrigeration module in real time. The temperature control execution module includes a PTC heating module and a semiconductor refrigeration module, which are electrically connected to the main control module through a relay and an L298N motor drive board, respectively, and are controlled by the main control module to realize the heating or cooling function; The wireless communication module, using an HC05 Bluetooth module, is electrically connected to the main control module to enable bidirectional data interaction between the main control module and the smartphone APP. The human-computer interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a smartphone APP. The OLED display screen is used to display the temperature and working status, and the smartphone APP is used to input a preset temperature value and send control commands. The control algorithm module, integrated within the main control module, uses a PID algorithm to adjust the operating power of the temperature control execution module based on the temperature deviation.

2. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smartphone app includes: Bluetooth connection unit, used to search for and pair the HC05 Bluetooth module, supports wireless connection within 10 meters; The temperature setting unit allows users to set a target temperature of 10℃-50℃ by sliding a slider or entering a value, with an accuracy of 0.1℃. The status display unit shows the current temperature, operating mode, and Bluetooth connection status in real time.

3. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a security protection module, which includes: An infrared human body sensor, electrically connected to the main control module, is used to detect whether the user is wearing the device and triggers standby mode when no human body signal is detected. The buzzer alarm unit is electrically connected to the main control module and emits an alarm signal when the temperature exceeds the safe range of 10℃-50℃.

4. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working logic of the temperature control execution module is as follows: When the preset temperature is <25℃, the main control module drives the semiconductor cooling module to work; When the preset temperature is greater than 30°C, the main control module drives the PTC heating module to work; When 25℃≤preset temperature≤30℃, the temperature control execution module enters standby mode.

5. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature acquisition accuracy of the PT100 temperature sensor is ±0.1℃, and the temperature control accuracy of the PID algorithm is ±0.5℃.

6. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and integrates a 12-bit ADC module to process the analog signals from the PT100 temperature sensor.

7. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless communication module supports connection to smartphone apps on iOS and Android systems, with a Bluetooth transmission rate of 1Mbps.

8. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power module, which comprises: Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide DC power. The LM2596S adjustable step-down module is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack and outputs a stable voltage to the main control module and peripheral modules.

9. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L298N motor drive board module is used to adjust the direction and power of the operating current of the semiconductor refrigeration module, and the relay is used to switch the heating circuit of the PTC heating module on and off.

10. The intelligent wireless temperature control system based on cold and heat stimulation rehabilitation therapy according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The temperature control method of the system includes: The smartphone app sends a preset temperature value through the wireless communication module; The PT100 temperature sensor collects the temperature in real time and transmits it to the main control module. The main control module calculates the temperature deviation using a PID algorithm and outputs an adjustment amount to control the temperature control execution module to stabilize the actual temperature within 6-8 seconds to a preset temperature range of ±0.5℃.

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