Sheet metal workpiece laser welding equipment and welding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and provides sheet metal workpiece laser welding equipment and a welding method.The sheet metal workpiece laser welding equipment comprises a fixing plate, two sets of guide mechanisms perpendicular to each other are installed on the inner side of the fixing plate, a guide column is movably installed in the middle of the fixing plate, and a welding head is installed at one end of the guide column; a grip is fixedly mounted at the other end of the guide column; the guide mechanism comprises a placing frame fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixing plate, and a second rotating shaft and a first rotating shaft are rotationally installed on the inner wall of the placing frame. According to the device, the grip is held to drive the fixing plate and the guide mechanism to move along the welding route of the device, rolling adaptation is achieved through abutting of the guide wheels and the surface of a workpiece, the resistance of the device during moving is reduced, the moving speed of the device during welding can be effectively controlled, and therefore the stable welding and synchronous moving functions are achieved; the welding quality of the device is effectively guaranteed, and practicability is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of laser welding, in particular, to a sheet metal workpiece laser welding device and a welding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The laser welding device is also called a laser welding machine, which is a welding machine for sheet metal workpiece processing and welding. Sheet metal parts are products processed by sheet metal technology. We cannot do without sheet metal parts in our daily life. Sheet metal is a kind of metal sheet, usually less than 6mm. Laser welding is a kind of welding technology that uses high-energy laser pulses to locally heat a small area of the material. The energy of laser radiation spreads to the interior of the material through heat conduction, and the material is melted to form a certain molten pool. In the prior art, the laser welding device for sheet metal workpieces is mainly a handheld device. The welding of sheet metal workpieces is mainly aimed at the splicing between two groups of mutually perpendicular sheet metal workpieces. Therefore, the handheld laser welding device is the mainstream solution. In the prior art, the welding head of the laser welding device moves continuously after welding between the two groups of mutually perpendicular sheet metal workpieces. Since the sheet metal workpiece is generally long in size, the welding distance between the welding head and the welding area is unstable when the welding head moves, that is, the welding distance cannot be accurately maintained in a stable range. This undoubtedly greatly affects the welding quality of the sheet metal workpiece. In the prior art, some use a three-axis displacement driving system to directly drive the welding head to move, or use a mechanical arm. However, the above two solutions have high cost and some limitations for long workpieces. The welding of the welding head position only uses a metal plate for abutting and limiting, which has poor practicability and generates resistance during movement. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem. SUMMARY

[0003] To overcome the above defects, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a sheet metal workpiece laser welding device and a welding method, which solve the technical problems of high cost and poor practicability in the related art.

[0004] The present disclosure discloses a sheet metal workpiece laser welding device, which comprises: A fixed plate is provided with two groups of mutually perpendicular guide mechanisms on the inner side, a guide column is movably installed in the middle of the fixed plate, a welding head is installed at one end of the guide column, and a handle is fixedly installed at the other end of the guide column. The guide mechanism comprises a placing frame fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed plate, a rotating shaft two and a rotating shaft one are rotatably installed on the inner wall of the placing frame, a guide wheel is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft one, a gear is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft two, a transmission groove is formed on the outer surface of the guide wheel, the gear is adaptively engaged with the transmission groove, and two groups of fans are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft two. The accommodating cylinder is fixedly installed at the middle part of the inner side of the fixed plate, the guide column is adapted to be sleeved in the accommodating cylinder, the outer surface of the guide column is fixedly connected with the limiting ring located in the inner part of the accommodating cylinder, and the outer surface of the guide column movably sleeved with the spring located in the inner cavity of the accommodating cylinder, and the two ends of the spring are elastically connected with the accommodating cylinder and the limiting ring respectively.

[0005] Preferably, the guide wheel is made of hard rubber, the diameter value of the guide wheel is greater than that of the gear, and the outer surface of the guide wheel can abut against the sheet metal workpiece.

[0006] Preferably, the outer middle part of the fixed plate is fixedly installed with a guide ring, the guide column is adapted to be sleeved with the inner wall of the guide ring, and the axis of the guide column forms a 45° angle with the vertical line.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the outer surface of the guide column is fixedly connected with two groups of screws which are circumferentially equidistantly distributed, one end of the screw is adapted to penetrate the outer side of the fixed plate, and the outer surface of the screw is threadedly installed with a bolt.

[0008] Preferably, the two sides of the placing frame are provided with through grooves, the surface of the gear is provided with a plurality of ventilation openings, the inner part of the ventilation opening is fixedly connected with a fan blade, and the through groove and the gear are coaxially distributed.

[0009] Preferably, the inclination direction of the fan blade is consistent with that of the fan blade in the fan, and the inclination directions of the fan blades in the two groups of fans are consistent.

[0010] Preferably, the two groups of guide wheels are perpendicular to each other, and the two groups of guide mechanisms are circumferentially equidistantly distributed with the axis of the guide column as the reference.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the limiting ring abuts against the inner side of the fixed plate, and the spring is compressed and arranged in the inner cavity of the accommodating cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the fan is arranged between the inner wall of the gear and the placing frame, and a gap is left between the fan blade and the ventilation opening, so that the airflow can pass through the ventilation opening.

[0013] A welding method of a sheet metal workpiece laser welding device, comprising the following steps: S1. Two groups of guide mechanisms are respectively close to two groups of pre-fixed sheet metal workpieces, the outer surface of the guide wheel abuts against the outer surface of the sheet metal workpiece; S2. Hold the handle and push the guide column downward, so that the limiting ring compresses the spring and drives the welding head to gradually approach the welding area of the sheet metal workpiece, until the screw drives the bolt to abut against the outer side of the fixed plate, and the welding head is positioned; S3. Power on the welding head and release the laser, the laser starts to melt the welding part, and performs laser welding operation, at this time a large amount of heat is generated at the welding part. S4. Hold the handle and move the device along the surface of the sheet metal workpiece, while driving the guide wheel and the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the rotating shaft 2, the gear and the fan to rotate, and generating negative pressure to the outside, absorbing the heat and smoke generated at the welding position and discharging them; S5. The movement path of the smoke is as follows: the welding position, the through groove near the welding head, the inner wall of the placement frame, the fan, the ventilation opening, and the other group of through grooves. S6. When the welding head moves downward with the guide column and the limiting ring, the displacement of the welding head is limited by the bolt, the bolt is rotated and the position of the bolt on the screw surface is adjusted, and the displacement amount of the welding head moving downward is adjusted.

[0014] The embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects: 1. The device is redesigned to enable precise positioning of the welding head and continuous and stable movement along the surface of the sheet metal workpiece, effectively ensuring the welding quality of the device. To achieve this purpose, two groups of guide mechanisms are vertically distributed on the inner side of the fixed plate, and the guide wheel rotatingly installed inside the placement frame directly abuts against the sheet metal workpiece, so that the welding head can automatically align with the welding position of the sheet metal workpiece, achieving automatic positioning. When the handle is held and the fixed plate and the guide mechanism are moved along the welding route of the device, the guide wheel abuts against the surface of the workpiece to achieve rolling adaptation, reducing the resistance of the device when moving, which helps to effectively control the moving speed of the device during welding, thereby realizing stable welding and synchronous movement function, effectively ensuring the welding quality of the device, and having strong practicality.

[0015] 2. Then, the device is also provided with a gear rotatingly installed on the inner wall of the placement frame, which is engaged with the guide wheel. When the device moves, the guide wheel will rotate, and the guide wheel drives the gear, the rotating shaft 2 and the fan to rotate at a faster speed with a high transmission ratio, thereby forming a negative pressure between the inner wall of the placement frame and the through groove. The direction of the negative pressure is as follows: the welding position, the through groove near the welding head, the inner wall of the placement frame, the fan, the ventilation opening, and the other group of through grooves. This design enables the device to use the generated negative pressure to absorb the heat and smoke at the welding position when welding and moving at the same time, and helps to faster cooling of the welding position.

[0016] 3. Finally, the device is also provided with a containing cylinder for movably sleeving the guide column, the handle and the welding head. The spring installed in the inner cavity of the containing cylinder cooperates with the limiting ring on the outer surface of the guide column, so that when the guide wheel abuts against the sheet metal workpiece, the handle can drive the guide column and the welding head to move downward. Then the screw installed at the bottom of the outer surface of the guide column penetrates the outer side of the fixed plate upward, and the bolt threaded on the outer surface of the screw makes the welding head move downward by driving the screw and the bolt downward until the bolt abuts against the outer side of the fixed plate to form a limit. In this way, the welding head completes the predetermined displacement and reaches the optimal welding position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of the contents of the example embodiments of the present disclosure and the drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a front perspective view of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 2 is a front appearance view of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic view of the present application Figure 3 is a schematic view of the present application Figure 5 is a separate schematic view of the guide mechanism of the present application; Figure 6 is a separate schematic view of the containing cylinder, guide ring, guide column, handle, spring, welding head, screw, bolt and limiting ring of the present application; Figure 7 is an internal cross-sectional view of the guide mechanism of the present application; Figure 8 is a separate schematic view of the pivot two, gear and fan blade of the present application; Figure 9 is an internal cross-sectional view of the ventilation opening of the present application.

[0019] Wherein: 1, fixed plate; 2, guide mechanism; 21, placing frame; 22, pivot one; 23, guide wheel; 24, transmission groove; 25, pivot two; 26, gear; 27, fan; 28, through groove; 29, ventilation opening; 210, fan blade; 3, containing cylinder; 4, guide ring; 5, guide column; 6, handle; 7, spring; 8, welding head; 9, screw; 10, bolt; 11, limiting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. It can be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure, and not to limit the present disclosure.

[0021] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the disclosure; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0022] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] like Figures 1-9 As shown, it illustrates a sheet metal workpiece laser welding device of this disclosure, comprising: The fixed plate 1 has two sets of mutually perpendicular guide mechanisms 2 installed on its inner side. A guide post 5 is movably installed in the middle of the fixed plate 1. A welding head 8 is installed at one end of the guide post 5, and a handle 6 is fixedly installed at the other end of the guide post 5. The guiding mechanism 2 comprises a placing frame 21 fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed plate 1, the inner wall of the placing frame 21 is respectively rotationally installed with a rotating shaft two 25 and a rotating shaft one 22, the outer surface of the rotating shaft one 22 is fixedly installed with a guiding wheel 23, the outer surface of the rotating shaft two 25 is fixedly installed with a gear 26, the outer surface of the guiding wheel 23 is provided with a transmission groove 24, the gear 26 is adaptedly engaged with the transmission groove 24, and the outer surface of the rotating shaft two 25 is fixedly installed with two groups of fans 27. The accommodating cylinder 3 is fixedly installed on the middle part of the inner side of the fixed plate 1, the guiding column 5 is adaptedly sleeved in the accommodating cylinder 3, the outer surface of the guiding column 5 is fixedly connected with the limiting ring 11 located in the inner part of the accommodating cylinder 3, and the outer surface of the guiding column 5 movably sleeves the spring 7 located in the inner cavity of the accommodating cylinder 3, and the two ends of the spring 7 are respectively elastically connected with the accommodating cylinder 3 and the limiting ring 11. The device is redesigned, so that the welding head 8 can realize accurate positioning and continuously and stably move along the surface of the sheet metal workpiece, effectively guaranteeing the welding quality of the device. In order to achieve this purpose, the device is provided with two groups of guiding mechanisms 2 vertically distributed on the inner side of the fixed plate 1, and the guiding wheel 23 rotationally installed in the placing frame 21 directly abuts against the sheet metal workpiece, so that the welding head 8 can automatically align the welding position of the sheet metal workpiece, realize automatic positioning, and when the fixed plate 1 and the guiding mechanism 2 are moved along the welding route of the device by holding the handle 6, the guiding wheel 23 is adapted to roll by abutting against the surface of the workpiece, the resistance of the device during movement is reduced, which helps to effectively control the moving speed of the equipment during welding, so as to realize the functions of stable welding and synchronous movement, effectively guarantee the welding quality of the device, and has high practicability.

[0027] Then, the device is also provided with the gear 26 rotationally installed on the inner wall of the placing frame 21 and engaged with the guiding wheel 23, when the equipment moves, the guiding wheel 23 rotates, and the guiding wheel 23 drives the gear 26, the rotating shaft two 25 and the fan 27 to rotate at a faster speed with a high transmission ratio, so as to form a negative pressure between the inner wall of the placing frame 21 and the through groove 28, the direction of the negative pressure is as follows: the welding position, the through groove 28 close to the welding head 8 side, the inner wall of the placing frame 21, the fan 27, the ventilation opening 29 and the other group of through grooves 28. This design makes the equipment use the generated negative pressure to absorb the heat and smoke of the welding position when welding and moving at the same time, and helps the faster cooling of the welding position.

[0028] Finally, the device is also provided with a containing cylinder 3 for movably sleeving the guide column 5, the handle 6 and the welding head 8, the spring 7 installed in the inner cavity of the containing cylinder 3 cooperates with the limiting ring 11 on the outer surface of the guide column 5, so that when the guide wheel 23 abuts against the sheet metal workpiece, the handle 6 can drive the guide column 5 and the welding head 8 to move downward, then the screw 9 installed on the bottom of the outer surface of the guide column 5 penetrates through the outer side of the fixed plate 1 upward, and the bolt 10 threaded on the outer surface of the screw 9 drives the screw 9 and the bolt 10 to move downward until the bolt 10 abuts against the outer side of the fixed plate 1 to form a limit, so that the welding head 8 completes the predetermined displacement and reaches the optimal welding position.

[0029] In the embodiment, the guide wheel 23 is made of hard rubber, the diameter of the guide wheel 23 is greater than that of the gear 26, and the outer surface of the guide wheel 23 can abut against the sheet metal workpiece; As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5 When the device moves, the guide wheel 23 is driven to rotate, and due to the transmission ratio between the guide wheel 23 and the gear 26, the rotating shaft two 25 drives the gear 26 and the fan 27 to rotate at a faster speed, so as to generate negative pressure in the through groove 28 to absorb the heat and smoke generated by welding.

[0030] In the embodiment, the outer middle part of the fixed plate 1 is fixedly installed with the guide ring 4, the guide column 5 is adaptively sleeved on the inner wall of the guide ring 4, and the axis of the guide column 5 forms a 45° angle with the vertical line; As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 The guide ring 4 and the containing cylinder 3 are used to cooperatively guide, support and limit the guide column 5 of the fixed plate 1, and the 45° angle design enables the welding head 8 to be accurately positioned at the welding position.

[0031] In the embodiment, the bottom of the outer surface of the guide column 5 is fixedly connected with two groups of circumferentially equidistantly distributed screws 9, one end of the screw 9 is adaptively penetrated through the outer side of the fixed plate 1, and the outer surface of the screw 9 is threaded with a bolt 10; As shown in Figure 1 The bolt 10 can change its position on the outer surface of the screw 9 by rotating, when the handle 6 drives the guide column 5, the welding head 8 and the screw 9 to move downward, the bolt 10 is driven to move until it abuts against the outer side of the fixed plate 1 to form a limit, the position of the bolt 10 on the outer surface of the screw 9 can be adjusted, so as to control the displacement of the downward movement of the welding head 8 and the distance between the welding head 8 and the welding point, thereby facilitating adjustment.

[0032] In the embodiment, the through groove 28 is formed on both sides of the placing frame 21, a plurality of air vents 29 are formed on the surface of the gear 26, the inner part of the air vent 29 is fixedly connected with a fan blade 210, and the through groove 28 and the gear 26 are coaxially distributed. As Figure 1 , Figure 3 shown, the guide wheel 23 drives the gear 26 and the rotating shaft 25 and the fan 27 to rotate, which generates negative pressure inside the placing frame 21. The through slot 28 is arranged on both sides of the placing frame 21 to form air pressure balance and facilitate the negative pressure to act on the high temperature generated by the welding point of the welding head 8.

[0033] In the embodiment, the inclination direction of the fan blade 210 is consistent with the inclination direction of the fan blade in the fan 27, and the inclination directions of the fan blades in the two groups of fans 27 are consistent. As Figure 5 shown, the inclination directions of the two groups of gears 26 and fans 27 are consistent, which causes the wind directions generated when rotating to be consistent, facilitating the unified device to unify the negative pressure air suction direction.

[0034] In the embodiment, the two groups of guide wheels 23 are perpendicular to each other, and the two groups of guide mechanisms 2 are distributed at equal intervals in a circle with the axis of the guide column 5 as the reference. As Figure 2 shown, the two groups of guide wheels 23 perpendicular to each other can respectively vertically abut against the two groups of metal sheet workpieces to be welded and simultaneously achieve vertical alignment.

[0035] In the embodiment, the top of the limiting ring 11 abuts against the inner side surface of the fixed plate 1, and the spring 7 is compressed and arranged in the inner cavity of the containing cylinder 3. As Figure 3 shown, the limiting ring 11 abuts against the inner side surface of the fixed plate 1 upward under the elastic action of the spring 7 and is guided and limited by the containing cylinder 3. Only when the handle 6 is pressed, the guide column 5 and the limiting ring 11 are driven to move downward. Therefore, the spring 7 also has the function of assisting the guide column 5 and the limiting ring 11 to reset.

[0036] In the embodiment, the fan 27 is arranged between the gear 26 and the inner wall of the placing frame 21, and a gap is left between the fan blade 210 and the ventilation port 29, so that the airflow can pass through the ventilation port 29. As Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, when the gear 26 rotates, the fan blade 210 installed inside the gear 26 will also generate axial wind power when being driven, and the gap between the fan blade 210 and the ventilation port 29 is the space for air flow.

[0037] A welding method of a metal sheet workpiece laser welding device, comprising the following steps: S1. Two groups of guide mechanisms 2 are arranged close to two groups of pre-fixed metal sheet workpieces, and the outer surface of the guide wheel 23 abuts against the outer surface of the metal sheet workpiece. S2. Hold the handle 6 and push the guide column 5 downward, which drives the limiting ring 11 to compress the spring 7 and drives the welding head 8 to gradually approach the welding area of the sheet metal workpiece until the screw 9 drives the bolt 10 to abut the outer side of the fixed plate 1, and the welding head 8 is positioned; S3. Power on the welding head 8 and release the laser, the laser starts to melt the welding position, and performs the laser welding operation, at this time a large amount of heat is generated at the welding position; S4. Hold the handle 6 and drive the device to move along the surface of the sheet metal workpiece, at the same time drive the guide wheel 23 and the rotating shaft 1 22 to rotate, and then drive the rotating shaft 2 25, the gear 26 and the fan 27 to rotate, and generate negative pressure to the outside, which absorbs the heat and smoke generated at the welding position and discharges them; S5. The moving path of the smoke is as follows: the welding position, the through slot 28 close to the side of the welding head 8, the inner wall of the placing frame 21, the fan 27, the air vent 29, and the other group of through slots 28; S6. When the welding head 8 moves downward with the guide column 5 and the limiting ring 11, the displacement of the welding head 8 is limited by the bolt 10, the bolt 10 is rotated and the position of the bolt 10 on the surface of the screw 9 is adjusted, and the displacement amount of the welding head 8 is adjusted.

[0038] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and are not limited. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A laser welding apparatus for sheet metal workpieces, characterized by, Include: The inner side of the fixed plate (1) is provided with two groups of mutually perpendicular guide mechanisms (2), the middle part of the fixed plate (1) is movably provided with a guide column (5), one end of the guide column (5) is provided with a welding head (8), the other end of the guide column (5) is fixedly provided with a handle (6); The guide mechanism (2) includes a placing frame (21) fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed plate (1), the inner wall of the placing frame (21) is rotatably provided with a second rotating shaft (25) and a first rotating shaft (22), the outer surface of the first rotating shaft (22) is fixedly provided with a guide wheel (23), the outer surface of the second rotating shaft (25) is fixedly provided with a gear (26), the outer surface of the guide wheel (23) is provided with a transmission groove (24), the gear (26) is engaged with the transmission groove (24), the outer surface of the second rotating shaft (25) is fixedly provided with two groups of fans (27); The containing cylinder (3) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed plate (1), the guide column (5) is adaptively connected with the containing cylinder (3), the outer surface of the guide column (5) is fixedly connected with a limiting ring (11) in the containing cylinder (3), the outer surface of the guide column (5) is movably connected with a spring (7) in the inner cavity of the containing cylinder (3), the two ends of the spring (7) are elastically connected with the containing cylinder (3) and the limiting ring (11) respectively.

2. The laser welding apparatus for sheet metal workpieces of claim 1, wherein, The guide wheel (23) is made of hard rubber, the diameter of the guide wheel (23) is greater than the diameter of the gear (26), and the outer surface of the guide wheel (23) can abut against the sheet metal workpiece.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The outer middle part of the fixed plate (1) is fixedly provided with a guide ring (4), the guide column (5) is adaptively connected with the inner wall of the guide ring (4), and the axis of the guide column (5) forms a 45° angle with the vertical line.

4. The laser welding apparatus for sheet metal workpieces of claim 3, wherein, The bottom of the outer surface of the guide column (5) is fixedly connected with two groups of circumferentially equidistant screws (9), one end of the screw (9) is adaptively penetrated into the outer side of the fixed plate (1), and the outer surface of the screw (9) is screwedly provided with a bolt (10).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein Both sides of the placing frame (21) are provided with a through groove (28), the surface of the gear (26) is provided with a plurality of air vents (29), the inner side of the air vent (29) is fixedly connected with a fan blade (210), and the through groove (28) and the gear (26) are coaxially distributed.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein The inclination direction of the fan blade (210) is consistent with the inclination direction of the fan blade in the fan (27), and the inclination directions of the fan blades in the two groups of fans (27) are consistent.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The two groups of guide wheels (23) are perpendicular to each other, and the two groups of guide mechanisms (2) are circumferentially equidistantly distributed based on the axis of the guide column (5).

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein The top of the limiting ring (11) abuts against the inner side of the fixed plate (1), and the spring (7) is compressed and arranged in the inner cavity of the containing cylinder (3).

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the laser beam is focused on the workpiece by a focusing lens. The fan (27) is arranged between the gear (26) and the inner wall of the placing frame (21), and the gap between the fan blade (210) and the air vent (29) allows airflow to pass through the air vent (29).

10. The welding method of a sheet metal workpiece laser welding apparatus according to claim 9, wherein Include the following steps: S1. Two groups of guide mechanisms (2) are respectively close to two groups of pre-fixed sheet metal workpieces, the outer surface of the guide wheel (23) is in abutment with the outer surface of the sheet metal workpiece; S2. Hold the handle (6) and push the guide column (5) downward, which drives the limiting ring (11) to compress the spring (7) downward, and drives the welding head (8) to gradually approach the welding area of the sheet metal workpiece, until the screw (9) drives the bolt (10) to abut against the outer side of the fixed plate (1), and the welding head (8) is positioned; S3. Power on the welding head (8) and release the laser, the laser starts to melt the welding position, and performs laser welding operation, at this time a large amount of heat is generated at the welding position; S4. Hold the handle (6) and drive the device to move along the surface of the sheet metal workpiece, at the same time drive the guide wheel (23) and the rotating shaft one (22) to rotate, and then drive the rotating shaft two (25), the gear (26) and the fan (27) to rotate, and generate negative pressure to the outside, absorb and discharge the heat and smoke generated at the welding position; S5. The moving path of the smoke is as follows: the welding position, the through groove (28) close to the side of the welding head (8), the inner wall of the placing frame (21), the fan (27), the ventilation opening (29), and the other through groove (28); S6. When the welding head (8) moves downward with the guide column (5) and the limiting ring (11), the displacement of the welding head (8) is limited by the bolt (10), the bolt (10) is rotated and the position of the bolt (10) on the surface of the screw (9) is adjusted, and the displacement amount of the welding head (8) is adjusted.

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