Rail transit vehicle bearing and using method
By integrating temperature sensors and inductive sensors, the temperature and iron filings content of rail transit vehicle bearings are monitored in real time, solving the problems of monitoring delay and synchronous data acquisition in existing technologies. This enables accurate early warning of faults and rapid fault location, improving the operational safety and efficiency of rail transit vehicles.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511960406.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
AI Technical Summary
The existing monitoring of rail transit vehicle bearings suffers from problems such as complex installation, large space occupation, detection delay, and inability to accurately capture early fault signals. In particular, it is difficult to collect iron filings and abnormal temperatures simultaneously, leading to maintenance delays and safety hazards.
By employing an integrated temperature sensor and an inductive sensor, and through a tapered aperture design and an adjustable probe, the bearing temperature and iron filings content are monitored in real time, generating Ts curves and Ls curves. Combined with big data comparison, fault warnings and cause judgments are achieved.
It enables comprehensive real-time monitoring of bearing status, provides accurate early warning of faults, reduces maintenance workload and train downtime, and improves operational safety and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121375879A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of transmission components of rail transit vehicles, and more particularly to a bearing of a rail transit vehicle and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] During the operation of a rail transit vehicle, the bearing, as a core transmission component between the axle and the frame, directly bears the radial load, axial load and complex impact load during the operation of the train, and the operation reliability and stability of the bearing are key factors for ensuring the safe operation of the train and improving the transportation efficiency. The working environment of the bearing of the rail transit vehicle is extremely harsh, and the bearing needs to continuously operate under the condition of high-speed rotation of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, while bearing the weight load of hundreds of tons of the whole train, and also needs to adapt to the extreme temperature change of minus thirty to forty degrees to zero to plus fifty-six degrees, which puts top requirements on the material performance, machining precision and structural stability. Once the bearing fails, it may cause the train to slow down and stop running, or even cause derailment and other major safety accidents, so it is very important to accurately monitor the operation state of the bearing and early warn of the failure.
[0003] However, the existing rail transit vehicle bearing has the following problems when in use: The existing rail transit vehicle bearing adopts a traditional structure design, and only relies on an external independent monitoring device for state detection, which has the problems of complex installation, large space occupation, obvious detection delay, etc., and cannot accurately capture early failure signals such as iron filings deposition and temperature abnormality in the bearing. When the roller and the raceway in the bearing are worn, iron filings will be generated and mixed in the lubricating grease, and will circulate with the lubricating grease, which will aggravate the internal wear of the bearing and shorten the service life of the bearing if not cleaned in time. At the same time, overloading of the bearing and poor lubrication will cause abnormal temperature rise, and in severe cases, will cause the bearing to be stuck and other safety accidents. The traditional monitoring method cannot realize the synchronous collection of the iron content and the temperature signal, and lacks an intelligent fault judgment mechanism, which makes the maintenance personnel unable to quickly locate the failure cause, increases the maintenance workload and the train downtime.
[0004] The present application can monitor the temperature and iron content of the rail transit vehicle bearing in real time, accurately warn early failures, intelligently judge the failure cause, reduce the maintenance workload and the train downtime, and improve the safety and efficiency of the train operation. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application aims to solve the technical problems raised in the background art, and provides a bearing of a rail transit vehicle and a use method thereof.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical scheme: a rail transit vehicle bearing, comprising a bearing body, an end cover assembly, a sealing element and a detection assembly, the bearing body comprising a bearing outer ring, a roller cage and rollers; the end cover assembly comprising a front cover and a sealing cover, the front cover being connected with the bearing outer ring, and the sealing cover being arranged on the outer side of the front cover; the sealing element comprising front and rear oil seal rings arranged at both ends of the bearing body; the detection assembly comprising a temperature sensor and an inductive sensor; the temperature sensor is arranged on the front cover and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing; the inductive sensor is arranged on the bearing outer ring, and the probe thereof corresponds to a conical hole region in the bearing; and the conical hole is used for depositing iron filings generated during the operation of the bearing.
[0007] Further preferred scheme: the probe of the inductive sensor has an adjustable telescopic distance, and the telescopic distance is used for matching the preset early warning value of the bearing iron content.
[0008] A use method of the rail transit vehicle bearing, comprising the following steps: S1, assembling the bearing: installing the rollers in the bearing outer ring through the roller cage, assembling the front cover, the sealing cover and the front and rear oil seal rings, and correspondingly installing the temperature sensor and the inductive sensor on the front cover and the bearing outer ring; S2, adjusting the sensor: adjusting the telescopic distance of the probe of the inductive sensor to match the preset early warning value of the bearing iron content; S3, real-time detection: collecting the temperature-time curve of the bearing through the temperature sensor and collecting the inductance strength-time curve of the bearing through the inductive sensor; S4, fault early warning: when the change rate of the temperature-time curve or the change rate of the inductance strength-time curve exceeds the preset alarm value, alarm information is transmitted to the train mechanic room and the driver's room; S5, fault judgment: intelligently judging the bearing fault reason through big data comparison of the information collected by the detection assembly and feeding back to the maintenance personnel.
[0009] Further preferred scheme: in step S3, the inductive sensor acquires the deposition content of the iron filings in the bearing by detecting the change of the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit in the bearing, and the iron filings are deposited in the conical hole region. Beneficial effects
[0010] The bearing of the rail transit vehicle and the use method thereof realize omnibearing real-time monitoring of the bearing operation state through the integration of the temperature sensor and the inductive sensor, the conical opening design solves the iron filings deposition and detection problem, and the adjustable sensor probe adapts to different working condition requirements; early fault accurate early warning is realized through the change rate analysis of the T-s curve and the L-s curve, the fault cause is quickly located in combination with the big data comparison function, the workload and fault troubleshooting time of the maintenance personnel are significantly reduced, train shutdown or safety accidents caused by bearing faults are effectively avoided, and the operation safety and operation efficiency of the rail transit vehicle are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] Fig. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application.
[0012] Fig. 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sensor working process of the present application.
[0013] Figs. 1-2 Middle: 1, bearing outer ring; 2, sealing cover; 3, front cover; 4, temperature sensor; 5, front oil seal ring; 6, roller cage; 7, roller; 8, rear oil seal ring; 9, inductive sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Figs. 1-2 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application.
[0015] Please refer to Figs. 1-2 In the embodiments of the present application, a bearing of a rail transit vehicle comprises a bearing body, an end cover assembly, a sealing element and a detection assembly, the bearing body comprises a bearing outer ring 1, a roller cage 6 and rollers 7; the end cover assembly comprises a front cover 3 and a sealing cover 2, the front cover 3 is connected with the bearing outer ring 1 in a matched manner, and the sealing cover 2 is arranged on the outer side of the front cover 3; the sealing element comprises a front oil seal ring 5 and a rear oil seal ring 8, which are arranged at the two ends of the bearing body respectively; the detection assembly comprises a temperature sensor 4 and an inductive sensor 9; the temperature sensor 4 is arranged on the front cover 3 and is used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing; the inductive sensor 9 is arranged on the bearing outer ring 1, the probe thereof corresponds to a conical opening region in the bearing, and the conical opening is used for depositing iron filings generated during the operation of the bearing; the probe of the inductive sensor 9 has an adjustable telescopic distance, and the telescopic distance is used for matching a preset early warning value of the bearing iron content.
[0016] A use method of a bearing of a rail transit vehicle comprises the following steps: S1, assembling the bearing: the rollers 7 are installed in the bearing outer ring 1 through the roller cage 6, the front cover 3, the sealing cover 2 and the front oil seal ring 5 and the rear oil seal ring 8 are assembled, and the temperature sensor 4 and the inductive sensor 9 are correspondingly installed on the front cover 3 and the bearing outer ring 1. S2, adjust the sensor: adjust the telescopic distance of the inductive sensor 9 probe to match the preset early warning value of the bearing iron content; S3, real-time detection: collect the temperature-time curve of the bearing through the temperature sensor 4, and collect the inductance-time curve of the bearing through the inductive sensor 9; S4, fault warning: when the rate of change of the temperature-time curve or the rate of change of the inductance-time curve exceeds the preset alarm value, the alarm information is transmitted to the train mechanic room and the driver's room; S5, fault judgment: through big data comparison of the information collected by the detection component, the bearing failure reason is intelligently judged, and feedback is given to the maintenance personnel.
[0017] In step S3, the inductive sensor 9 detects the change of the magnetic resistance of the bearing internal magnetic circuit to obtain the deposition content of the iron filings in the bearing. The iron filings are deposited in the conical opening area.
[0018] The bearing body as the core bearing component includes the bearing outer ring 1, the roller cage 6 and the roller 7. The roller 7 is made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel material and is evenly distributed in the inner raceway of the bearing outer ring 1 through the roller cage 6, which ensures uniform load transmission during bearing operation. The roller cage 6 is made of reinforced nylon material, which has good wear resistance and lubrication compatibility. The end cover assembly is used for sealing and protection, including the front cover 3 and the sealing cover 2. The front cover 3 is made of aluminum alloy and is connected with the end face of the bearing outer ring 1 through bolts. The sealing cover 2 is a stamped stainless steel component and is fixed to the outside of the front cover 3 through buckles, forming a double protection structure to prevent external dust and moisture from entering the bearing interior. The sealing element includes the front oil seal ring 5 and the rear oil seal ring 8, both of which are made of fluororubber material and are embedded in the end face groove of the bearing body, respectively, and form an interference fit with the front cover 3 and the bearing inner ring to achieve the sealed storage of the lubricating grease and avoid leakage-induced lubrication failure. The detection component is the core functional component, including the temperature sensor 4 and the inductive sensor 9. The temperature sensor 4 selects Pt100 platinum resistance and is embedded in the preset temperature measuring hole of the front cover 3. The probe end is attached to the end face of the bearing outer ring 1. The temperature measurement range is -40℃~200℃, the measurement accuracy is ±0.5℃, and the bearing working temperature can be collected in real time. The inductive sensor 9 adopts a high-frequency oscillation structure and is fixed on the mounting seat of the bearing outer ring 1 through screw connection. Its probe vertically extends into the bearing interior. A conical opening is provided at the corresponding position. The taper of the conical opening is 1:5 and the depth is 15mm, which facilitates the deposition of the mixture of iron filings and lubricating grease generated during the bearing operation in the dynamic rolling in the conical bottom, avoiding secondary wear caused by iron filings circulating with lubricating grease. The probe of the inductive sensor 9 is designed as an adjustable telescopic structure. By rotating the adjusting nut at the tail of the sensor, the telescopic distance can be adjusted within the range of 0-10mm, and then the preset early warning value of the bearing iron content under different working conditions can be matched.
[0019] The method of using the bearing of the rail transit vehicle of the present application is described in more detail as follows: Firstly, the rollers 7 are evenly installed in the pockets of the roller cage 6, and then the assembled roller cage 6 is integrally installed in the inner raceway of the bearing outer ring 1; then the front oil seal ring 5 and the rear oil seal ring 8 are respectively pressed into the end face grooves at both ends of the bearing body, to ensure that the sealing surfaces are tightly fitted without gaps; then the front cover 3 is fastened to the front end face of the bearing outer ring 1 by bolts, to press the front oil seal ring 5, and then the sealing cover 2 is fixed to the outer side of the front cover 3 by buckling; finally, the temperature sensor 4 is inserted into the temperature measuring hole of the front cover 3 and fixed by high-temperature resistant glue to avoid the probe from loosening, and the inductive sensor 9 is screwed into the mounting seat of the bearing outer ring 1 to ensure that the probe is aligned with the conical opening area, and the line connection between the sensor and the external data acquisition module is completed; according to the operating conditions of the rail transit vehicle such as full load weight, operating speed, line slope, etc., the wear life curve of the bearing of this type is called through the big data platform, and the preset early warning value of the iron filings content is determined; then the adjusting nut at the tail of the inductive sensor 9 is rotated to adjust the probe extension distance: when the bearing is applied to heavy load and high speed working conditions, the extension distance is adjusted to 3-5 mm to reduce the early warning threshold and improve the detection sensitivity; when it is applied to light load and low speed working conditions, the extension distance is adjusted to 6-8 mm to avoid false alarms; after the adjustment is completed, the probe position is fixed by the locking nut to ensure that the extension distance does not change during operation; when the train is running, the temperature sensor 4 continuously collects the working temperature data of the bearing to generate a temperature-time (T-s) curve, and the data sampling frequency is 1 time / s; at the same time, the inductive sensor 9 generates a stable magnetic circuit through high-frequency oscillation, when the iron filings in the bearing deposit in the conical opening area, the iron filings as a magnetic material will change the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit, causing the inductance value of the inductive coil to change, the sensor converts the inductance value into an electric signal output to generate an inductance strength-time (L-s) curve, and the sampling frequency is 2 times / s; the data collected by the two types of sensors are transmitted in real time to the data processing module of the train through shielded cables; the data processing module analyzes the received T-s curve and L-s curve in real time, and calculates the curve change rate: when the instantaneous change rate of the T-s curve exceeds 5℃ / min, or the change rate of the L-s curve exceeds 20% of the preset reference value, it is determined that the bearing is abnormal; the data processing module immediately transmits the alarm information (including the fault position, real-time temperature / inductance value, abnormal change rate, etc.) to the monitoring terminal in the train mechanic room and the alarm device in the driver's room through the wireless communication module, and the alarm device prompts the staff with sound and light signals. The data processing module compares the abnormal data with the built-in big data fault database, which contains the temperature change characteristics and inductance change characteristics corresponding to different fault types (such as poor lubrication, roller wear, raceway damage, etc.); through feature matching, the bearing failure reason is intelligently judged, and the fault analysis report (including fault type, possible cause, treatment suggestion, etc.) is fed back to the maintenance personnel for reference of the mechanic and maintenance personnel, greatly reducing the workload of the relevant personnel and improving the train operation efficiency.
Claims
1. A bearing for rail transit vehicles, characterized in that: include: The bearing body comprises a bearing body, an end cap assembly, seals, and a detection assembly. The bearing body includes an outer bearing ring (1), a roller cage (6), and rollers (7). The end cap assembly includes a front cover (3) and a sealing cover (2). The front cover (3) is connected to the outer bearing ring (1), and the sealing cover (2) is located on the outside of the front cover (3). The seals include a front oil seal ring (5) and a rear oil seal ring (8), which are respectively located at both ends of the bearing body. The detection assembly includes a temperature sensor (4) and an inductive sensor (9). The temperature sensor (4) is located on the front cover (3) and is used to detect the operating temperature of the bearing. The inductive sensor (9) is located on the outer bearing ring (1), and its probe corresponds to the conical opening area inside the bearing. The conical opening is used to deposit iron filings generated during bearing operation.
2. A rail transit vehicle bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probe of the inductive sensor (9) has an adjustable telescopic distance, which is used to match the preset warning value of bearing iron filings content.
3. A method of using a rail transit vehicle bearing according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the bearing: Install the roller (7) inside the bearing outer ring (1) through the roller retainer (6), assemble the front cover (3), sealing cover (2), front oil seal (5), and rear oil seal (8), and install the temperature sensor (4) and inductive sensor (9) on the front cover (3) and bearing outer ring (1) respectively. S2. Adjust the sensor: Adjust the telescopic distance of the inductive sensor (9) probe to match the preset warning value of bearing iron filings content; S3. Real-time detection: The temperature-time curve of the bearing is collected by the temperature sensor (4), and the inductance intensity-time curve of the bearing is collected by the inductive sensor (9). S4. Fault warning: When the rate of change of the temperature-time curve or the rate of change of the inductance intensity-time curve exceeds the preset alarm value, the alarm information will be transmitted to the train mechanic's room and the driver's room. S5. Fault Diagnosis: By comparing information collected by the detection components with big data, the system can intelligently determine the cause of bearing failure and provide feedback to maintenance personnel.
4. The method of using a bearing for rail transit vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the inductive sensor (9) obtains the deposition content of iron filings in the bearing by detecting the change in magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit inside the bearing. The iron filings are deposited in the conical opening area.