Polymer synthetic material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of polymer synthetic materials, in particular to a polymer synthetic material and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of acrylamide, 25-35 parts of styrene sulfonic acid, 40-55 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 23-41 parts of octadecyl methacrylate, 5-9 parts of polymer foaming microspheres, 9-15 parts of a functional system, 3-10 parts of Si3N4 nanofibers, 2-5 parts of carbide slag-polyferric sulfate, 100-200 parts of a solvent, 1-3 parts of an activator and 2-3 parts of an initiator. Through the synergistic effect of all the components, multiple properties such as high molecular weight, excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, conductive / photoelectric function and light weight can be achieved, and the prepared polymer synthetic material has good mechanical properties.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high molecular synthetic materials, and more particularly to a polymer synthetic material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Polymer synthetic materials are made by polymerizing small monomers into high molecular chains through chemical synthesis processes, which are the core content of the field of polymer science and an important cornerstone of modern scientific and technological development. These materials have extremely wide application ranges, covering from daily necessities to multiple high-tech fields such as aerospace, biomedical science, and electronic devices. The synthesis methods of polymers usually depend on the chemical properties of monomers, the performance requirements of target materials, and the limitations of processing technologies. The synthesis of many traditional polymers relies on fossil fuels, and the production process is accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions, which exacerbates climate change. In addition, the use of toxic chemicals in the synthesis process poses potential risks to ecosystems and human health.

[0003] Polymer materials usually have good flexibility and properties, but their mechanical strength can be relatively low. Materials copolymerized from these monomers can exhibit poor tensile strength and toughness when lacking sufficient cross-linking or rigid components. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a polymer synthetic material and a preparation method thereof, and the synergistic effect of each component can realize multiple performances such as high molecular weight, excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, electrical / optical function, and lightweight, and the prepared polymer synthetic material has good mechanical properties.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a polymer synthetic material, which comprises the following components by weight: acrylamide 80-100 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 25-35 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 40-55 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 23-41 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 5-9 parts, functional system 9-15 parts, Si3N4 nanofibers 3-10 parts, calcium carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 2-5 parts, solvent 100-200 parts, activator 1-3 parts, and initiator 2-3 parts.

[0006] Preferably, the functional system comprises a non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the carbon aerogel is 3-5:1-2.

[0007] Preferably, the non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of the sorbitan monooleate to the polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 2-5:1.

[0008] Preferably, the Si3N4 nanofiber is prepared by taking polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fiber through melt spinning, and then through cross-linking, infusibilization treatment, and pyrolysis.

[0009] Preferably, the pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1300℃ in a nitrogen or ammonia atmosphere.

[0010] Preferably, the carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid after heating and stirring for 2-3h, and adjusting pH to 0.8-1.1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbide slag and the waste sulfuric acid is 1:3-4.

[0011] Preferably, the solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloroethane, acetone, and butanone.

[0012] Preferably, the initiator is at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile and dibenzoyl peroxide.

[0013] Preferably, the activator is at least one of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol ethyl ether and N,N-dimethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl amine.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) preparing a terpolymer of acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0016] (2) adding the dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, the polymer foaming microsphere, and the carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and the solvent, fully stirring to be uniform, adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5, then adding the initiator and the activator, and after mixing, keeping at 50-80℃ for 1-3h to obtain a preform;

[0017] (3) vacuum drying the preform at 80-110℃ for 6-10h to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0018] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In the present application, acrylamide and hydroxyethyl acrylate provide hydrophilicity, while octadecyl methacrylate provides hydrophobicity. By adjusting the monomer ratio, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the polymer can be accurately controlled. The introduction of styrene sulfonic acid ensures the ionic properties of the polymer, which is crucial for the stable dispersion of the polymer in aqueous solution, charge regulation, and interaction with other charged substances. The material obtained by copolymerizing acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and octadecyl methacrylate can integrate the advantages of each monomer, forming a multifunctional polymer with hydrophilicity, ionicity, biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, and surface activity.

[0020] 2、The introduction of polymer foaming microspheres realizes the lightweight of the material, while significantly improving the thermal insulation performance. This structural feature makes it unique in applications that require lightweight and thermal insulation. The addition of the functional system further endows the material with new functionality, with self-repairing ability or response to specific physical and chemical stimuli, thereby widening the application range of the material. The incorporation of Si3N4 nanofibers greatly improves the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the material. As a reinforcing phase, nanofibers can effectively disperse stress, inhibit crack propagation, and improve the structural stability of the material at high temperatures. Calcium carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate as a composite filler material not only can improve the density of the material, but also can enhance its corrosion resistance, so that it can maintain structural integrity in harsh environments.

[0021] 3、The synergistic effect of each component in the present application can realize multiple properties such as high molecular weight, excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, electrical / optical function and lightweight, and the prepared polymer synthetic material has good mechanical properties.

[0022] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, and it is particularly pointed out that: in the following examples, the specific conditions are not specified, and the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are used, and the raw materials used in the following examples can be obtained from ordinary market sales unless otherwise specified.

[0024] Examples

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A polymer synthetic material, comprising the following weight components: acrylamide 80 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 25 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 40 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 23 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 5 parts, functional system 9 parts, Si3N4 nanofiber 3 parts, calcium carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 2 parts, solvent 100 parts, activator 1 part, initiator 2 parts.

[0027] The functional system includes non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of non-ionic surfactant to carbon aerogel is 3:1.

[0028] The non-ionic surfactant includes sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of sorbitan monooleate to polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 2:1.

[0029] Si3N4 nanofibers are prepared by using polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fibers through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking, infusibilization treatment, and pyrolysis.

[0030] The pyrolysis conditions are: temperature is 1000℃, and atmosphere is nitrogen.

[0031] The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid after heating and stirring for 2h, adjusting pH to 0.8, and the mass ratio of carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid is 1:3.

[0032] The solvent is chloroform.

[0033] The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0034] The activator is tetrahydrofurfuryl ethyl ether.

[0035] A preparation method of a polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) preparing a terpolymer by using acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0037] (2) adding dispersed Si3N4 nanofibers, polymer foaming microspheres and carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and solvent, fully stirring and adjusting pH to 5.0, then adding initiator and activator, mixing and then keeping at 50℃ for 1h to obtain a preform;

[0038] (3) drying the preform at 80℃ for 6h to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A polymer synthetic material, comprising the following components by weight: acrylamide 85 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 27 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 42 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 25 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 6 parts, functional system 10 parts, Si3N4 nanofibers 4 parts, carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 3 parts, solvent 120 parts, activator 2 parts, and initiator 2 parts.

[0041] The functional system comprises non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel is 4:1.

[0042] The non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 3:1.

[0043] Si3N4 nanofibers are prepared by using polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fibers through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking, infusibilization treatment, and pyrolysis.

[0044] The pyrolysis condition is that the temperature is 1100℃ and the atmosphere is nitrogen.

[0045] The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid through heating and stirring for 2h, adjusting pH to 0.9, and the mass ratio of carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid is 1:3.

[0046] The solvent is chloroform.

[0047] The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0048] The activator is tetrahydrofurfuryl ethyl ether.

[0049] A preparation method of a polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) preparing a terpolymer of acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0051] (2) adding dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, polymer foaming microspheres and carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and solvent, fully stirring and adjusting pH to 5.2, then adding initiator and activator, mixing and then keeping at 55℃ for 2h to obtain a preform;

[0052] (3) drying the preform at 85℃ under vacuum for 7h to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A polymer synthetic material, comprising the following components by weight: acrylamide 90 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 30 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 45 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 28 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 6 parts, functional system 11 parts, Si3N4 nanofiber 4 parts, carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 3 parts, solvent 130 parts, activator 2 parts, initiator 2 parts.

[0055] The functional system comprises non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel is 3:2.

[0056] The non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 4:1.

[0057] The Si3N4 nanofiber is prepared by taking polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fiber through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking and infusibilization treatment, and then pyrolysis.

[0058] The pyrolysis condition is that the temperature is 1150℃ and the atmosphere is nitrogen or ammonia.

[0059] The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid under heating and stirring for 2 hours, and adjusting pH to 1.0, wherein the mass ratio of the carbide slag to the waste sulfuric acid is 1:3.

[0060] The solvent is chloroform.

[0061] The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0062] The activator is tetrahydrofurfuryl ethyl ether.

[0063] A preparation method of a polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0064] (1) preparing a terpolymer of acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0065] (2) adding the dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, polymer foaming microspheres and carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and the solvent, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adjusting pH to 5.0, then adding the initiator and the activator, and mixing, and then, under the condition of 60℃, preserving for 2 hours to obtain a preform;

[0066] (3) vacuum drying the preform at 90℃ for 7 hours to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] A polymer synthetic material, comprising the following components by weight: acrylamide 95 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 30 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 50 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 38 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 8 parts, functional system 12 parts, Si3N4 nanofiber 8 parts, carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 3 parts, solvent 180 parts, activator 2 parts, and initiator 2 parts.

[0069] The functional system comprises non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the carbon aerogel is 5:1.

[0070] The non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of the sorbitan monooleate to the polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 4:1.

[0071] The Si3N4 nanofiber is prepared by taking polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fiber through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking and infusibilization treatment, and pyrolysis.

[0072] The pyrolysis is performed under the condition of 1200℃ and nitrogen atmosphere.

[0073] The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid under heating and stirring for 2 hours, and adjusting pH to 1.0, wherein the mass ratio of the carbide slag to the waste sulfuric acid is 1:3.

[0074] The solvent is chloroform.

[0075] The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0076] The activator is tetrahydrofurfuryl ethyl ether.

[0077] A preparation method of a polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0078] (1) preparing a terpolymer of acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0079] (2) adding dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, polymer foaming microspheres and carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and the solvent, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adjusting pH to 5.5, then adding an initiator and an activator, mixing, and then keeping at 80℃ for 3 hours to obtain a preform;

[0080] (3) vacuum drying the preform at 100℃ for 8 hours to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] A polymer synthetic material, comprising the following components by weight: acrylamide 100 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 35 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 55 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 41 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 9 parts, functional system 15 parts, Si3N4 nanofiber 10 parts, carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 5 parts, solvent 200 parts, activator 3 parts, and initiator 3 parts.

[0083] The functional system comprises non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the carbon aerogel is 5:2.

[0084] The non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of the sorbitan monooleate to the polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 5:1.

[0085] The Si3N4 nanofiber is prepared by taking polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fiber through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking and infusibilization treatment, and pyrolysis.

[0086] The pyrolysis is performed at a temperature of 1300℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0087] The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid under heating and stirring for 3 hours, and adjusting pH to 1.1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbide slag to the waste sulfuric acid is 1:4.

[0088] The solvent is chloroform;

[0089] The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile;

[0090] The activator is tetrahydrofurfuryl ethyl ether.

[0091] A preparation method of a polymer synthetic material, comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) preparing a terpolymer of acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate;

[0093] (2) adding dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, polymer foaming microspheres and calcium carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate into the copolymer and solvent, fully stirring and uniformly adjusting pH to 5.5, then adding an initiator and an activator, mixing, and then, under 80℃, preserving for 3h to obtain a preform;

[0094] (3) vacuum drying the preform at 110℃ for 10h to obtain the polymer synthetic material.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the polymer foaming microspheres are not added.

[0097] Comparative Example 2

[0098] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the functional system is not added.

[0099] Comparative Example 3

[0100] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the Si3N4 nanofiber is not added.

[0101] Comparative Example 4

[0102] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the calcium carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is not added.

[0103] Table 1 performance test results

[0104] Tensile strength / MPa Hardness Thermal conductivity / W / (m K) Density (g / cm 3 ) Example 1 1.23 40 0.135 0.38 Example 2 1.20 39 0.142 0.36 Example 3 1.21 38 0.138 0.35 Example 4 1.18 39 0.139 0.37 Example 5 1.22 37 0.142 0.35 Comparative Example 1 0.72 22 0.122 0.52 Comparative Example 2 0.65 24 0.128 0.55 Comparative Example 3 0.71 23 0.125 0.48 Comparative Example 4 0.66 27 0.121 0.52

[0105] The above merely illustrates the specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application can be easily thought by those skilled in the art, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A polymeric synthetic material, characterized in that, It comprises the following weight components: acrylamide 80-100 parts, styrene sulfonic acid 25-35 parts, hydroxyethyl acrylate 40-55 parts, octadecyl methacrylate 23-41 parts, polymer foaming microspheres 5-9 parts, functional system 9-15 parts, Si3N4 nanofiber 3-10 parts, carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate 2-5 parts, solvent 100-200 parts, activator 1-3 parts, initiator 2-3 parts.

2. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The functional system comprises non-ionic surfactant and carbon aerogel, and the mass ratio of the non-ionic surfactant and the carbon aerogel is 3-5:1-2.

3. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The non-ionic surfactant comprises sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and the mass ratio of the sorbitan monooleate and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate is 2-5:

1.

4. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The Si3N4 nanofiber is obtained by taking polysilazane as raw material, obtaining precursor fiber through melt spinning, and then through crosslinking and infusibilization treatment, and then through pyrolysis.

5. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 4, wherein, The pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1300℃ and in a nitrogen or ammonia atmosphere.

6. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate is prepared by mixing carbide slag and waste sulfuric acid after heating and stirring for 2-3h, and adjusting the pH to 0.8-1.1, and the mass ratio of the carbide slag and the waste sulfuric acid is 1:3-4.

7. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloroethane, acetone and butanone.

8. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The initiator is at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile and dibenzoyl peroxide.

9. The polymeric synthetic material of claim 1, wherein, The activator is at least one of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol ethyl ether and N,N-dimethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl amine.

10. The method of claim 1-9, wherein the polymeric synthetic material is prepared by, It comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a terpolymer from acrylamide, styrene sulfonic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and octadecyl methacrylate; (2) adding dispersed Si3N4 nanofiber, polymer foaming microspheres and carbide slag-polymeric ferric sulfate to the copolymer and the solvent, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH to 5.0-5.5, then adding the initiator and the activator, mixing, and then keeping at 50-80℃ for 1-3h to obtain a preform; (3) vacuum drying the preform at 80-110℃ for 6-10h to obtain a polymer synthetic material.