Composite material and method for its production, zirconia-based slurry

Abstract

The application discloses a composite material and a preparation method thereof and a zirconia-based slurry, and belongs to the technical field of conductive material heat insulation protection, and the composite material comprises a substrate, a ceramic layer, and a glass layer; the ceramic layer is arranged on at least part of the surface of the substrate; the ceramic layer comprises a pore-forming agent; the glass layer is arranged on at least part of the side of the ceramic layer away from the substrate; wherein, the pore-forming agent is configured to be gasified when a first temperature T1 is reached; the glass layer is configured to be at least partially converted into a glass body in a molten state when a second temperature T2 is reached, and T2>T1. The composite material can resist fragmentation and avoid direct impact of an open flame on the substrate, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance of the substrate and playing an insulation role.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of conductive material thermal insulation and protection technology, specifically to a composite material and its preparation method, and a zirconia-based slurry. Background Technology

[0002] Metallic materials are substances primarily composed of metallic elements and possessing a crystalline structure. Their core characteristics are high strength, good plasticity, and toughness. They can be processed into complex parts through various techniques such as casting, forging, and welding, making them indispensable basic materials in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, building structures, and everyday consumer goods. In some cases, for safety reasons, metallic materials are often coated or insulated, but this coating may peel off or break. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides a composite material that aims to solve the technical problem of insulation failure caused by the cracking of composite materials under high temperature heating.

[0004] Another objective of this application is to provide a method for preparing composite materials, which aims to provide a method for preparing composite materials that solves the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] Another objective of this application is to provide a zirconia-based slurry designed to address the technical problem of ceramic layer fracture at high temperatures.

[0006] This application provides a composite material comprising: a matrix; a ceramic layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the matrix; the ceramic layer including a pore-forming agent; and a glass layer covering at least a portion of the ceramic layer on a side opposite to the matrix; wherein the pore-forming agent is configured to vaporize upon reaching a first temperature T1; and the glass layer is configured to at least partially transform into a molten glass upon reaching a second temperature T2, where T2 > T1.

[0007] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the first temperature T1 satisfies: 350℃≤T1≤450℃.

[0008] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the second temperature T2 satisfies: 900℃≤T2≤1000℃.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer ranges from 13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 19×10 -6 / K.

[0010] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic layer ranges from 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 12×10 -6 / K.

[0011] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate ranges from 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 18×10 -6 / K.

[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the substrate is made of metal.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer ranges from 2.0 W / m·K to 3.3 W / m·K.

[0014] As a second aspect of this application, embodiments of this application provide a zirconia-based slurry, the zirconia-based slurry being used to prepare a ceramic layer of the aforementioned composite material, the zirconia-based slurry comprising, by weight parts:

[0015] Zirconia-based material, 50 to 70 parts;

[0016] Hole-forming material, 5 to 15 parts;

[0017] First solvent, 20 to 30 parts;

[0018] First adhesive, 3 to 5 parts.

[0019] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0020] a) The zirconia-based material includes one or more of zirconia, yttrium-stabilized zirconia, and scandium-stabilized zirconia;

[0021] b) The crystal structure of the zirconia-based material includes a tetragonal phase and / or a cubic phase;

[0022] c) The particle size of the zirconia-based material ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0023] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the pore-forming material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0024] d) The pore-forming material includes one or more of corn starch and polymethyl methacrylate;

[0025] e) The particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0026] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based slurry comprises, by mass parts:

[0027] Hole-forming material, 8 to 13 parts;

[0028] And / or, the particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.35 μm to 0.45 μm.

[0029] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the first solvent includes water, or the first solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol.

[0030] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the first adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

[0031] As a third aspect of this application, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing a composite material as described above. The method includes: depositing a zirconia-based slurry onto at least a portion of the surface of a substrate to form a ceramic layer; the thickness of the zirconia-based slurry is in the range of 20 μm to 200 μm; depositing a glass slurry onto at least a portion of the ceramic layer on the side opposite to the substrate to form a glass layer; the thickness of the glass slurry is in the range of 50 μm to 300 μm; wherein the glass slurry comprises, by mass parts:

[0032] Oxides, 60 to 80 parts;

[0033] Second solvent, 15 to 35 parts;

[0034] Second adhesive, 3 to 7 parts;

[0035] Dispersant, 1 to 2 parts.

[0036] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the oxide includes a first oxide and a second oxide; wherein the glass slurry satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0037] f) The first oxide includes one or more of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide;

[0038] g) The second oxide includes one or more of silicon oxide, sodium oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, lithium oxide, and zinc oxide;

[0039] h) The mass ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide is in the range of (27-30):(33-39).

[0040] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the second solvent includes water, or the second solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol.

[0041] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the second adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

[0042] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the dispersant includes one or more of triethanolamine or polyacrylic acid.

[0043] The composite material of this application is configured such that the pore-forming agent vaporizes upon reaching a first temperature T1; the glass layer is configured to at least partially transform into a molten glass upon reaching a second temperature T2, where T2 > T1. This achieves the following: when the composite material reaches the first temperature T1, the location of the pore-forming agent vaporizes, and the location of the pore-forming agent 201 transforms into a porous structure, which can cope with a certain amount of thermal stress release and prevent the ceramic layer from peeling or cracking at high temperatures; when the composite material reaches the second temperature T2, at least partially molten glass permeates into the porous structure, forming a composite structure. The composite material is resistant to cracking, avoids direct impact of open flame on the matrix, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance of the matrix and providing insulation.

[0044] The method for preparing the composite material in this application involves coating the surface of a matrix with a zirconia-based slurry and a glass slurry to form a ceramic layer and a glass layer. This enables the composite material to resist breakage, avoids direct impact from open flames on the matrix, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance of the matrix and providing insulation.

[0045] The zirconia-based slurry of this application, through the presence of pore-forming materials in the zirconia-based slurry, enables the formation of pore-forming agents in the ceramic layer. Under heating conditions, the pore-forming agent vaporizes at the location of the ceramic layer, transforming the location of the pore-forming agent into a porous structure, which can cope with a certain degree of thermal stress release. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the composite material provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite material after being heated, provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main steps of the preparation method provided by some embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the cross-section of the composite material provided in Example 1 of this application after heat treatment at 450°C;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a testing method for composite materials provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0052] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0053] 10. Matrix; 20. Ceramic layer; 201. Pore-forming agent; 202. Pore structure; 30. Glass layer; 30'. Heated glass layer; 301. Molten glass; 401. Composite structure. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions of the device in its actual use or operating state, specifically the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings; while "inner" and "outer" refer to the outline of the device. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". The terms first, second, third, etc., are used merely as illustrative purposes and do not impose numerical requirements or establish a numerical order.

[0057] In this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0058] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "One or more", "at least one of the following", or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0059] Various embodiments of this application may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of this application; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Furthermore, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the referred range.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 As shown, as a first aspect, the composite material of this application includes: a matrix 10, a ceramic layer 20, and a glass layer 30. The ceramic layer 20 is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the matrix 10; the ceramic layer 20 includes a pore-forming agent 201; and the glass layer 30 is disposed on at least a portion of the ceramic layer 20 on the side opposite to the matrix 10.

[0061] The pore-forming agent 201 is configured to vaporize when a first temperature T1 is reached; the glass layer 30 is configured to at least partially transform into a molten glass body 301 when a second temperature T2 is reached, where T2 > T1.

[0062] Reference Figure 2As shown, when the composite material is heated to a first temperature T1, the location of the pore-forming agent 201 transforms into a porous structure 202, which is located within the ceramic layer 20. When the composite material is heated to a second temperature T2, at least a portion of the heated glass layer 30' transforms into a molten glass body 301, which penetrates into the porous structure 202. After the molten glass body 301 penetrates into the porous structure 202, it forms a glass melt, transforming the ceramic layer 20 into a composite structure 401. That is, the composite structure 401 includes a ceramic composite glass melt structure, with the glass melt located within the porous structure 202. The glass melt entering the porous structure 202 is dispersed throughout the composite structure 401. It is understood that the glass melt is a liquid.

[0063] Using the above scheme, the pore-forming agent 201 is configured to vaporize upon reaching the first temperature T1, transforming the location of the pore-forming agent 201 into a porous structure 202. When the temperature rises, the ceramic layer 20 remains a solid layer attached to the surface of the substrate 10, acting as a barrier against open flames and the substrate 10. Meanwhile, the pore-forming agent 201 decomposes at high temperatures, forming a porous structure 202 at its location. This structure can handle a certain amount of thermal stress release, preventing the ceramic layer 20 from detaching from the substrate 10 due to breakage, thereby avoiding short circuits caused by excessively rapid heating at the contact interface between the ceramic layer 20 and the substrate 10 where they detach.

[0064] In some embodiments, the substrate 10 is made of metal, and the substrate 10 may be a metal material with high temperature resistance.

[0065] Specifically, the substrate 10 can be a metal current conductor such as a copper busbar or an aluminum busbar. The substrate 10 can be a structural component that mainly bears the load in the overall structure, a sheet metal part that provides support and is made of thin metal sheet through processes such as stamping, bending, and welding, or a covering component used to cover, protect, and beautify the internal structure.

[0066] Spontaneous combustion of power batteries due to thermal runaway can take many forms. In addition to being caused by the burning or depressurization of the internal cells, the copper busbars of the high-voltage connectors near the battery pack casing are also places where thermal runaway caused by short circuits and melting of nearby metal parts can easily be overlooked.

[0067] Due to the melting and overlapping of metal components, all non-metallic parts inside the battery pack will burn. Typically, battery pack casing materials, including sheet metal, have melting points mostly exceeding 1500℃. However, the melting and penetration of the thermally conductive casing is not caused by the high temperatures of thermal runaway, but rather by a sudden increase in temperature in a localized area. The core reason is that during thermal runaway, the copper busbar, due to the high-temperature burning of the outer insulation material, and the high-temperature deformation and damage of the copper busbar and surrounding components, causes a short circuit between the copper busbar and the upper casing, creating a localized instantaneous high temperature. This leads to localized melting and perforation of the upper casing, ultimately resulting in an open flame leak. Therefore, the insulation protection of the high-voltage connector copper busbar during thermal runaway is one of the important guarantees for ensuring the stable operation of the power battery.

[0068] When the substrate 10 is a copper busbar used in a battery pack, the battery pack is generally adapted to a corresponding battery system. During thermal runaway of the battery pack, the battery system sprays water or other cooling substances. Without the glass layer 30, these substances may enter the porous structure 202, affecting the insulation of the composite material. With the glass layer 30 of this application, when the composite material is heated, at least partially molten glass 301 enters the porous structure 202, effectively preventing cooling substances from entering the porous structure 202 and affecting the insulation of the composite material. The composite material protects the copper busbar from high-temperature deformation and damage under conditions such as high temperature and open flame impact. Simultaneously, the composite material ensures that the copper busbar remains in an insulating state at high temperatures, preventing localized instantaneous short circuits caused by melting and short circuits, which could lead to the high-temperature melting and penetration of the substrate 10. The composite material ensures that the protective coating has good insulation and oxidation resistance. Under normal use, the coating meets the voltage insulation requirements. During combustion under open flame impact at 1300℃, the composite material maintains excellent insulation during and after combustion, without arcing.

[0069] Understandably, the glass layer 30 is configured to at least partially transform into a molten glass body 301 upon reaching the second temperature T2. This partially molten glass body 301 penetrates into the porous structure 202, transforming the ceramic layer 20 in the composite material into a composite structure 401. At high temperatures, the battery pack is typically equipped with a corresponding battery cooling system that sprays water or other cooling substances. The molten glass body 301 enters the porous structure 202, effectively preventing the cooling substances from entering the porous structure 202, forming an active sealing barrier, maintaining the insulation performance of the composite material, effectively blocking oxygen and water vapor in the air, preventing oxygen from contacting the matrix 10, greatly slowing down the oxidation process of the metal in the matrix 10 at high temperatures, and avoiding secondary damage or risks that may be caused by the violent vaporization of a medium, such as water, or chemical reaction with the high-temperature matrix 10, thereby maintaining... The substrate 10 has good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. At the same time, the composite structure 401 formed by the molten glass 301 entering the porous structure 202 has better fracture resistance. The molten glass 301 can effectively passivate the crack tip of the ceramic layer 20 and hinder the crack propagation under stress when penetrating into the porous structure 202. This enhances the toughness, thermal shock resistance and overall structural integrity of the entire protective layer under high temperature conditions, thereby reducing the stress caused by rapid temperature changes or external mechanical impacts and preventing the protective layer from failing due to fracture.

[0070] The normal operating temperature of energy storage equipment is around 40℃. If thermal runaway occurs, gas leakage and open flames are likely to occur. As the temperature rises, the pore-forming agent 201 decomposes, forming a porous structure 202, and then the glass begins to melt.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the first temperature T1 satisfies: 350℃≤T1≤450℃. T1 can be any value or a range of any two of 350℃, 360℃, 370℃, 380℃, 390℃, 400℃, 410℃, 420℃, 430℃, 440℃, and 450℃.

[0072] It is understandable that when the composite material is heated to the first temperature T1, the pore-forming agent 201 decomposes to form gas that escapes, thereby transforming the space where the pore-forming agent 201 is located into a pore structure 202. This structure matches the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the copper busbar, which can cope with a certain amount of thermal stress release and act as a barrier between the open flame and the matrix 10.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the second temperature T2 satisfies: 900℃≤T2≤1000℃. T2 can be any value or a range of any two of 900℃, 910℃, 920℃, 930℃, 940℃, 950℃, 960℃, 970℃, 980℃, 990℃, and 1000℃.

[0074] Understandably, when the composite material reaches the second temperature T2, at least a portion of the glass layer 30 transforms into a molten glass body 301, which then permeates into the porous structure 202. Glass is an amorphous material; as the temperature continues to rise, the hardness of the glass layer 30 gradually decreases, and at least a portion transforms into a molten glass body 301. This molten glass body 301 permeates into the porous structure 202, matching the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the copper busbar and preventing the glass layer 30 from peeling off at high temperatures. Peeling off the glass layer 30 may lead to the peeling off of the ceramic layer 20; simultaneously, the molten glass body 301 effectively prevents cooling substances generated after the cooling system is triggered from entering the porous structure 202 and affecting the insulation of the composite material. Permeation can continue even when the temperature exceeds 1000℃.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30 ranges from 13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 19×10 -6 / K; The linear thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic layer 20 ranges from 10×10 -6 / K to 12×10 -6 / K; The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix 10 ranges from 10 × 10 -6 / K to 18×10 -6 / K.

[0076] It is understandable that the linear thermal expansion coefficient of glass layer 30 could be: 13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K, 14×10 -6 / K, 15×10 -6 / K、16×10 -6 / K、17×10 -6 / K、18×10 -6 / K、19×10 -6 / K can be any value or a range of both. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic layer 20 can be 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K、11×10 -6 / K、12×10 -6 / K can be any value or a range of both. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix 10 can be 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K、11×10 -6 / K, 12×10 -6 / K、13×10 -6 / K, 14×10 -6 / K, 15×10 -6 / K、16×10 -6 / K、17×10 -6 / K、18×10 -6 / K can be any value or a range of both.

[0077] Understandably, since the substrate 10 of this application has a high linear thermal expansion coefficient, and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30 is close to that of the substrate 10, at high temperatures, the molten glass 301 enters the porous structure 202, and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the composite structure 401 matches that of the substrate 10, which can effectively slow down the peeling of the composite structure 401 from the substrate 10 at high temperatures. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30 provides matching with that of the substrate 10, the zirconium oxide provides high temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance, and the porous structure 202 of the ceramic layer 20 can also provide expansion and contraction; the molten glass 301 penetrates into the porous structure 202 to form the composite structure 401, which can also provide better peel resistance.

[0078] Specifically, when the substrate 10 is a copper busbar, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30 is close to that of the copper busbar. At high temperatures, the molten glass 301 enters the pore structure 202. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the composite structure 401 is compatible with that of the copper busbar, which can effectively slow down the peeling of the composite structure 401 from the copper busbar at high temperatures.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer 20 ranges from 2.0 W / m·K to 3.3 W / m·K. The thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer 20 can be any value or a range of any two of the following: 2.0 W / m·K, 2.1 W / m·K, 2.2 W / m·K, 2.3 W / m·K, 2.4 W / m·K, 2.5 W / m·K, 2.6 W / m·K, 2.7 W / m·K, 2.8 W / m·K, 2.9 W / m·K, 3.0 W / m·K, 3.1 W / m·K, 3.2 W / m·K, and 3.3 W / m·K.

[0080] Understandably, the ceramic layer 20 has thermal insulation properties, which can prevent the substrate 10 from heating up too quickly, suppress mismatch between the substrate 10 and the ceramic layer 20, and effectively slow down the peeling or breakage of the ceramic layer 20. Specifically, since copper has a high linear coefficient of thermal expansion, excessive linear expansion during rapid heating may lead to mismatch problems with the protective coating. When the substrate 10 is a copper busbar, the low thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer 20 can prevent the copper busbar from heating up too quickly, suppressing the peeling or breakage of the protective coating.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the ceramic layer 20 and the glass layer 30 are insulators at room temperature, and their resistivity ranges from 10. 10 Ω•cm to 10 12 At 10kV, the composite material retains its insulating properties at Ω•cm. Of course, in practical applications, the composite material in this embodiment can be layered in multiple layers to form a thicker coating, achieving better insulation and fire resistance.

[0082] It is understood that the ceramic layer 20 and glass layer 30 of this application are insulators at room temperature, and have insulating and antioxidant properties, which can protect the substrate 10 and avoid safety problems caused by leakage or aging of the substrate 10.

[0083] As a second aspect of this application, embodiments of this application provide a zirconia-based slurry for preparing the ceramic layer 20 of the composite material as described above. The zirconia-based slurry comprises, by weight parts:

[0084] Zirconia-based material, 50 to 70 parts;

[0085] Hole-forming material, 5 to 15 parts;

[0086] First solvent, 20 to 30 parts;

[0087] First adhesive, 3 to 5 parts.

[0088] It is understood that the zirconia-based slurry comprises, by mass parts, zirconia-based material, pore-forming material, first solvent, and first binder. The zirconia-based slurry provided in this application facilitates the formation of a stable ceramic layer 20, which acts as a barrier against open flame and substrate 10. The first solvent and first binder disperse the pore-forming agent 201 in the ceramic layer 20, which is beneficial for forming a dispersed pore structure 202 at the location of the pore-forming agent 201 at high temperatures, and can cope with a certain degree of thermal stress release.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0090] a) Zirconia-based materials include one or more of zirconium dioxide, yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, and scandium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide;

[0091] b) The crystal structure of zirconia-based materials includes tetragonal and / or cubic phases;

[0092] c) The particle size of the zirconia-based material ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0093] It is understandable that pore-forming materials are dispersed in the zirconia-based materials. The pore-forming materials decompose at high temperature to form a ceramic layer 20 with a porous structure 202, which can cope with the release of certain thermal stress, play a role in blocking open flames and copper busbars, and reduce the peeling of ceramic layer 20 from the substrate 10 under continuous open flame impact.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, the pore-forming material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0095] d) The pore-forming material includes one or more of corn starch and polymethyl methacrylate;

[0096] e) The particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0097] It is understandable that the pore-forming material is conducive to decomposition after being heated, which is conducive to the formation of a dispersed pore structure 202 at the location of the pore-forming agent 201 at high temperature.

[0098] In some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based slurry comprises, by weight parts:

[0099] Hole-forming material, 8 to 13 parts;

[0100] And / or, the particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.35 μm to 0.45 μm. The particle size of the pore-forming material can be any value or a range of any two of the following: 0.35 μm, 0.36 μm, 0.37 μm, 0.38 μm, 0.39 μm, 0.40 μm, 0.41 μm, 0.42 μm, 0.43 μm, 0.44 μm, and 0.45 μm.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, the first solvent includes water, or the first solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol.

[0102] Understandably, the first solvent selection can be either water-based or oil-based, and the corresponding binder can also be adapted to the choice of solvent.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, the first adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

[0104] It is understandable that the first binder and the first solvent are both water-based or oil-based, in order to disperse the zirconia-based material and improve the stability of the zirconia-based slurry.

[0105] Reference Figure 3 As shown, as a third aspect, the method for preparing the composite material of this application includes the following steps:

[0106] S100: A ceramic layer 20 is formed by depositing a zirconia-based slurry onto at least a portion of the surface of the substrate 10; the thickness of the zirconia-based slurry ranges from 20 μm to 200 μm. The thickness of the zirconia-based slurry can be any value or a range of any two of the following: 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, and 200 μm.

[0107] S200: A glass slurry is deposited on at least a portion of the ceramic layer 20 on the side opposite to the substrate 10 to form a glass layer 30; the thickness of the glass slurry ranges from 50 μm to 300 μm. The thickness of the glass slurry can be any value or a range of any two of the following: 50 μm, 80 μm, 110 μm, 140 μm, 170 μm, 200 μm, 230 μm, 260 μm, 290 μm, and 300 μm.

[0108] The zirconia-based slurry, by mass parts, includes:

[0109] Zirconia-based material, 50 to 70 parts;

[0110] Hole-forming material, 5 to 15 parts;

[0111] First solvent, 20 to 30 parts;

[0112] First adhesive, 3 to 5 parts;

[0113] Glass slurry, by weight, includes:

[0114] Oxides, 60 to 80 parts;

[0115] Second solvent, 15 to 35 parts;

[0116] Second adhesive, 3 to 7 parts;

[0117] Dispersant, 1 to 2 parts.

[0118] It is understood that the zirconia-based slurry comprises, by mass parts, zirconia-based material, pore-forming material, first solvent, and first binder. The zirconia-based slurry provided in this application facilitates the formation of a stable ceramic layer 20, which acts as a barrier against open flame and substrate 10. The first solvent and first binder disperse the pore-forming agent 201 in the ceramic layer 20, which is beneficial for the formation of a dispersed pore structure 202 at the location of the pore-forming agent 201 at high temperatures, and can cope with a certain degree of thermal stress release.

[0119] It is understood that the percentage of pore-forming material by mass in this application includes any value from 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15, or any range of both. The percentage of pore-forming material by mass in this application is beneficial for the pore-forming material to transform into a porous structure 202 when heated to high temperatures, providing a certain buffer range for the expansion and contraction of the ceramic layer 20. If the proportion of pore-forming material is too low, too few pores cannot provide a buffering effect during expansion or contraction, and in the presence of the glass layer 30, it cannot satisfy the penetration of the molten glass 301; too much pore-forming agent 201 will cause the structure to collapse after sintering, affecting the mechanical strength of the ceramic layer 20 itself.

[0120] Meanwhile, the ceramic layer 20 is coated with a slurry formed by ceramic particles. There are certain gaps between the ceramic particles. When the pore-forming agent 201 decomposes, the gas generated by the pore-forming agent 201 can also escape through the gaps between the ceramic particles.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, in S100, a ceramic layer 20 is formed by coating at least a portion of the surface of the substrate 10 with a zirconia-based slurry, which can be achieved by coating methods such as casting, dip coating, spin coating, or screen printing. The wet film thickness of the zirconia-based slurry coating is 50 μm to 200 μm.

[0122] In some embodiments of this application, in step S200, the glass paste is coated onto at least a portion of the ceramic layer 20 on the side opposite to the substrate 10, using coating methods such as casting, dip coating, spin coating, or screen printing. The wet film thickness of the glass paste coating is 50 μm to 300 μm.

[0123] In some embodiments of this application, before step S100, the surface of the copper busbar can be cleaned using a plasma device to remove surface oil and other organic matter, and passivate the surface of the copper material to increase its adhesion to the coating slurry.

[0124] In some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0125] a) Zirconia-based materials include one or more of zirconia, yttrium-stabilized zirconia, and scandium-stabilized zirconia;

[0126] b) The crystal structure of zirconia-based materials includes tetragonal and / or cubic phases;

[0127] c) The particle size of the zirconia-based material ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0128] It is understandable that pore-forming materials are dispersed in the zirconia-based materials. The pore-forming materials decompose at high temperature to form a ceramic layer 20 with a porous structure 202, which can cope with the release of certain thermal stress, play a role in blocking open flames and copper busbars, and reduce the peeling of ceramic layer 20 from the substrate 10 under continuous open flame impact.

[0129] It is understandable that the particle size of the zirconia-based material can be any value or a range of any two of 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.4 μm, and 0.5 μm. The zirconia-based material is the core material of the ceramic layer 20. At high temperatures, the zirconia-based material forms regular crystals. Therefore, a suitable zirconia-based material is beneficial for forming a stable ceramic layer 20, thereby providing support for the porous structure 202.

[0130] The pore-forming material meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0131] d) The pore-forming material includes one or more of corn starch and polymethyl methacrylate;

[0132] e) The particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm.

[0133] It is understandable that the pore-forming material is conducive to decomposition after being heated, which is conducive to the formation of a dispersed pore structure 202 at the location of the pore-forming agent 201 at high temperature.

[0134] It is understood that the particle size of the pore-forming material in this application includes any value or a range of any two of 0.30μm, 0.35μm, 0.40μm, 0.45μm, and 0.50μm. The particle size of the pore-forming material in this application is conducive to the formation of a pore structure 202, and the particle size and pore distribution are uniform. If the particle size of the pore-forming material is too large, the pore structure 202 formed after sintering is prone to collapse. If the particle size of the pore-forming material is too small, it is not conducive to the formation of a pore structure 202 with uniform particle size and pore distribution, affecting the penetration of the molten glass 301, and ultimately affecting the bonding effect of the composite structure 401.

[0135] In some embodiments of this application, the zirconia-based slurry comprises, by weight, 8 to 13 parts of pore-forming material.

[0136] In some embodiments of this application, the particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.35 μm to 0.45 μm. The particle size of the pore-forming material in this application includes any value or a range of any two of the following: 0.35 μm, 0.36 μm, 0.37 μm, 0.38 μm, 0.39 μm, 0.40 μm, 0.41 μm, 0.42 μm, 0.43 μm, 0.44 μm, and 0.45 μm.

[0137] In some embodiments of this application, the oxide includes a first oxide and a second oxide;

[0138] The glass slurry must meet at least one of the following conditions:

[0139] f) The first oxide includes one or more of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide;

[0140] g) The second oxide includes one or more of silicon oxide, sodium oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, lithium oxide, and zinc oxide;

[0141] h) The mass ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide is in the range of (27-30):(33-39). The mass ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide is any value among 27:33, 28:34, 29:35, 30:36, 27:37, 28:38, 29:39, and 30:39, or any combination thereof.

[0142] It is understandable that the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the first oxide is compatible with that of the substrate 10, which can effectively slow down the delamination of the composite structure 401 from the substrate 10 at high temperatures.

[0143] Understandably, silicon oxide and boron oxide act as network forging agents; sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, and strontium oxide act as network modifiers; aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide act as intermediates; and bismuth oxide and cerium oxide act as additives. Each can play a unique role in glass and can be combined appropriately according to different requirements. For example, sodium oxide provides oxygen ions, breaking the silicon-oxygen network and significantly reducing the glass's melting temperature, viscosity, and softening point; boron oxide can independently form a glass network, reducing melting temperature and linear thermal expansion coefficient, and improving thermal and chemical stability; lithium oxide is a strong flux, and its effect on reducing viscosity and linear thermal expansion coefficient is more significant than that of sodium oxide.

[0144] In some embodiments of this application, the first solvent includes water, or the first solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol.

[0145] Understandably, the first solvent selection can be either water-based or oil-based, and the corresponding binder can also be adapted to the choice of solvent.

[0146] In some embodiments of this application, the first adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

[0147] It is understandable that the first binder and the first solvent are both water-based or oil-based, in order to disperse the zirconia-based material and improve the stability of the zirconia-based slurry.

[0148] In some embodiments of this application, the second solvent includes water, or the second solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol.

[0149] Understandably, the second solvent can be either an aqueous or an oil-based solvent, and the corresponding binder can also be adapted to the choice of solvent.

[0150] In some embodiments of this application, the second adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

[0151] It is understandable that the second binder and the second solvent are both water-based or oil-based, in order to disperse the zirconia-based material and improve the stability of the zirconia-based slurry.

[0152] In some embodiments of this application, the dispersant includes one or more of triethanolamine or polyacrylic acid.

[0153] Understandably, the addition of dispersants helps to improve the uniformity of the slurry, reduce the agglomeration of powder materials, prevent cracking, and increase the mechanical strength of the ceramic layer 20.

[0154] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate 10 includes conductive copper components and copper materials.

[0155] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate 10 may be one or more pure metals or alloys.

[0156] It is understandable that the composite material of this application can be used for conductive copper parts and copper materials that need to operate in high-temperature environments or require fireproofing, such as the protection of high-voltage connectors near the battery pack housing in electric vehicles. The substrate 10 can be made of copper materials such as copper or brass.

[0157] The present application will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0158] Example 1

[0159] Step 1: Clean the surface of the copper busbar using a plasma device to remove surface oil and other organic matter;

[0160] Step 2: Mix 60 parts of zirconium oxide with a primary particle size of 0.3 μm, 10 parts of corn starch as the pore-forming material, 22 parts of anhydrous ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone blend (anhydrous ethanol: methyl ethyl ketone = 1:1), and 3 parts of polyvinyl butyral binder in a certain proportion to obtain a zirconium oxide-based slurry. The particle size of the pore-forming material is 0.4 μm.

[0161] Step 3: Apply zirconia-based slurry to the copper busbar surface using a casting method, with a wet film thickness of 200 μm.

[0162] Step 4: Allow the solvent to evaporate naturally at room temperature for 3 hours to obtain a composite material coated with ceramic layer 20.

[0163] Step 5: Mix 25 parts silicon dioxide, 15 parts calcium oxide, 5 parts sodium oxide, 3 parts boron oxide, 7 parts aluminum oxide, 5 parts magnesium oxide, 7 parts anhydrous ethanol solvent, 13 parts methyl ethyl ketone, 3 parts polyvinyl butyral, and 1 part triethanolamine dispersant in the specified proportions to obtain a glass slurry.

[0164] Step 6: Apply glass paste to the surface of ceramic layer 20 using a casting method, with a wet film thickness of 100 μm.

[0165] Step 7: Allow to evaporate naturally at room temperature to obtain a composite material with a glass layer 30.

[0166] Figure 4 SEM image of the composite material provided in Example 1 after heat treatment at 450°C. From... Figure 4 As can be seen from the image, the bottom part is the substrate 10, which is a copper busbar. The composite structure 401 in the middle part has a porous structure 202 relative to the bottom part of the substrate 10. The top part is the heated glass layer 30'.

[0167] Example 2

[0168] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 3.

[0169] Example 3

[0170] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 5 parts.

[0171] Example 4

[0172] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 8.

[0173] Example 5

[0174] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 12.

[0175] Example 6

[0176] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 15 parts.

[0177] Example 7

[0178] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the number of parts of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 18.

[0179] Example 8

[0180] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 0.2 μm.

[0181] Example 9

[0182] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 0.3 μm.

[0183] Example 10

[0184] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 0.5 μm.

[0185] Example 11

[0186] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the pore-forming material in step 2 is 0.7 μm.

[0187] Example 12

[0188] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 45 parts.

[0189] Example 13

[0190] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 50 parts.

[0191] Example 14

[0192] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 55 parts.

[0193] Example 15

[0194] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 65 parts.

[0195] Example 16

[0196] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 70 parts.

[0197] Example 17

[0198] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of zirconia-based materials in step 2 is 75 parts.

[0199] Example 18

[0200] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the zirconia-based material in step 2 is 0.1 μm.

[0201] Example 19

[0202] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the zirconia-based material in step 2 is 0.2 μm.

[0203] Example 20

[0204] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the zirconia-based material in step 2 is 0.4 μm.

[0205] Example 21

[0206] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the particle size of the zirconia-based material in step 2 is 0.5 μm.

[0207] Example 22

[0208] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step 5, there are 30 parts silicon oxide, 13 parts calcium oxide, 4 parts sodium oxide, 5 parts boron oxide, 7 parts aluminum oxide, and 10 parts magnesium oxide.

[0209] Example 23

[0210] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of magnesium oxide in step 5 is 2 parts.

[0211] Comparative Example 1

[0212] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no glass layer 30, that is, steps 5 and 6 are omitted.

[0213] Comparative Example 2

[0214] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no ceramic layer 20, that is, steps 2, 3 and 4 are omitted.

[0215] Comparative Example 3

[0216] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the order of the ceramic layer 20 and the glass layer 30 is reversed, that is, steps 5 and 6 are performed first, followed by steps 2, 3 and 4.

[0217] Test method:

[0218] Flame impact test with a blowtorch: An SG003 blowtorch manufactured by Zhejiang Focus Smoking Accessories Co., Ltd. was used, with the outer flame used to heat the coated surface. (Example:) Figure 5 As shown, when the composite material is heated, the location of the pore-forming agent 201 transforms into a porous structure 202, which is located within the ceramic layer 20. When the composite material is heated, at least a portion of the glass layer 30 transforms into a molten glass body 301, which penetrates into the porous structure 202. The porous structure 202, with the molten glass body 301 penetrating into the ceramic layer 20, forms a composite structure 401.

[0219] Insulation capability test results: The sample material was tested using a voltage breakdown tester (output voltage 0~100kV, voltage ramp rate 200V / s). This application tested the material using a staged voltage test method, with a fixed voltage ramp rate. The initial test voltage was 2kV (20% of the expected breakdown voltage of 10kV). After a ramp-up period of approximately 10 seconds, the voltage was ramped up to 4kV at 200V / s, followed by another 10 seconds. This stage was repeated for 5 cycles, ultimately reaching 10kV. After a 10-second pause, the sample did not break down, meeting product requirements. If dielectric breakdown occurred during the pause, the voltage of the previous stage would be used as the voltage ramp rate for that dielectric breakdown.

[0220] For details of some parameters of the embodiments and comparative examples of this application, please refer to Table 1.

[0221] Table 1. Some parameters of the embodiments and comparative examples of this application.

[0222]

[0223] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, when the composite structure 401 of this application is used, the location of the pore-forming agent 201 is transformed into a porous structure 202 when the composite material is heated. When the temperature rises, the ceramic layer 20 is a solid layer attached to the surface of the substrate 10, which acts as a barrier against open flame and the substrate 10; while the pore-forming agent 201 decomposes at high temperature, forming a porous structure 202 at its location, which can cope with a certain amount of thermal stress release. The composite material is resistant to high temperature, insulates against heat, and is resistant to breakage, which can avoid the direct impact of open flame on the substrate 10, thereby improving the high temperature resistance of the substrate 10. In Example 1, the coating did not crack or peel off after being subjected to an open flame impact test by a flame gun, and the coating was not penetrated during the insulation capacity test. However, the protective coating of Comparative Example 1 cracked and peeled off; the protective coating of Comparative Example 2 peeled off in a molten state; the protective coating of Comparative Example 3 peeled off, and the coatings of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were all penetrated.

[0224] A comparison of Examples 1 to 7 of this application shows that when the zirconia-based slurry includes 5 to 15 parts by weight of pore-forming material, the protective coating does not crack during the flame impact test with a flame torch, and the coating is not penetrated during the insulation test. The proportion of pore-forming material by weight in this application is beneficial for the pore-forming material to transform into a porous structure 202 when heated to high temperatures, providing a certain buffer range for the expansion and contraction of the ceramic layer 20. In Example 3, when the proportion of pore-forming material is too low, and in Example 6, when the proportion of pore-forming material is too high, the protective coating cracks and peels off, and the coating is penetrated during the insulation test.

[0225] As shown in Examples 1, 8 to 11, the particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm. The particle size of the pore-forming material in this application is conducive to forming the pore structure 202, and the uniform particle size and pore distribution facilitate the penetration of the molten glass 301. The coating did not crack or peel off during the flame impact test, and the coating was not penetrated during the insulation test. In Example 8, the particle size of the pore-forming material was too small, and in Example 11, the particle size was too large. During the flame impact test, the protective coating of the coating cracked slightly but did not peel off, and the coating was penetrated during the insulation test.

[0226] Comparing Examples 1, 12 to 17, the zirconia-based slurry provided in this application facilitates the formation of a stable ceramic layer 20, which acts as a barrier against open flame and the substrate 10. When the amount of zirconia-based material in the zirconia-based slurry is between 50 and 70 parts by mass, the coating does not crack or peel off after a flame impact test, and the coating is not penetrated during the insulation test. In Example 12, the amount of zirconia-based material was too low, and in Example 17, the amount of zirconia-based material was too high. During the flame impact test, the protective coating of the coating cracked slightly but did not peel off, and the coating was penetrated during the insulation test.

[0227] Compared with Examples 1, 18 to 21, the particle size of the zirconia-based material is within 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm, which is conducive to the formation of a stable ceramic layer 20, thereby forming a support for the porous structure 202. The coating did not crack or peel off after the open flame impact test by the flame gun, and the coating was not broken down during the insulation test.

[0228] Example 22 adjusted the composition of the glass slurry, thereby changing the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30. The coating did not crack or peel off during the open flame impact test with a flame torch, and the coating was not broken down during the insulation test.

[0229] Example 23 adjusted the composition of the glass slurry so that the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer 30 was not within the range of this application. The coating cracked and peeled off after an open flame impact test with a flame torch, and the coating was punctured during the insulation test.

[0230] The above provides a detailed description of a composite material provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A composite material, characterized in that, The composite material includes: The substrate (10) is made of metal. A ceramic layer (20) is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate (10); the ceramic layer (20) includes a pore-forming agent (201). A glass layer (30) is disposed on at least a portion of the ceramic layer (20) on the side opposite to the substrate (10); The pore-forming agent (201) is configured to vaporize when a first temperature T1 is reached; the glass layer (30) is configured to at least partially transform into a molten glass (301) when a second temperature T2 is reached, and T2 > T1.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first temperature T1 satisfies: 350℃≤T1≤450℃.

3. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second temperature T2 satisfies: 900℃≤T2≤1000℃.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass layer (30) ranges from 13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 19×10 -6 / K; and / or, The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic layer (20) ranges from 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 12×10 -6 / K; and / or, The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate (10) ranges from 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K to 18×10 -6 / K.

5. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer (20) ranges from 2.0 W / m·K to 3.3 W / m·K.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic layer (20) is prepared using a zirconia-based slurry, which comprises, by mass parts: Zirconia-based material, 50 to 70 parts; Hole-forming material, 5 to 15 parts; First solvent, 20 to 30 parts; First adhesive, 3 to 5 parts.

7. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The zirconium oxide-based material satisfies at least one of the following conditions: a) The zirconia-based material includes one or more of zirconia, yttrium-stabilized zirconia, and scandium-stabilized zirconia; b) The crystal structure of the zirconia-based material includes a tetragonal phase and / or a cubic phase; c) The particle size of the zirconia-based material ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.

8. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pore-forming material satisfies at least one of the following conditions: d) The pore-forming material includes one or more of corn starch and polymethyl methacrylate; e) The particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm.

9. The composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The zirconium oxide-based slurry comprises, by mass parts: Hole-forming material, 8 to 13 parts; And / or, the particle size of the pore-forming material ranges from 0.35 μm to 0.45 μm.

10. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first solvent includes water, or the first solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol; and / or the first binder includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose.

11. A method for preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The preparation method includes: A ceramic layer (20) is formed by coating at least a portion of the surface of a substrate (10) with a zirconia-based slurry; the thickness of the zirconia-based slurry is in the range of 20 μm to 200 μm. A glass slurry is applied to at least a portion of the ceramic layer (20) on the side opposite to the substrate (10) to form a glass layer (30); the thickness of the glass slurry ranges from 50 μm to 300 μm. The glass slurry comprises, by weight, the following: Oxides, 60 to 80 parts; Second solvent, 15 to 35 parts; Second adhesive, 3 to 7 parts; Dispersant, 1 to 2 parts.

12. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that: The oxide includes a first oxide and a second oxide; Wherein, the glass slurry satisfies at least one of the following conditions: f) The first oxide includes one or more of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide; g) The second oxide includes one or more of silicon oxide, sodium oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, lithium oxide, and zinc oxide; h) The mass ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide is in the range of (27-30):(33-39).

13. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that: The second solvent includes water, or the second solvent includes one or more of anhydrous ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, and terpineol; And / or, the second adhesive comprises one or more of polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose; And / or, the dispersant includes one or more of triethanolamine or polyacrylic acid.

Images