Corn fermented feed and preparation method thereof
By combining yak rumen microorganisms with exogenous beneficial microorganisms to ferment silage corn, the problem of yak indigestion has been solved, and the high palatability and high digestibility of fermented corn feed have been achieved, thus improving the health and economic performance of yaks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511525786.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
AI Technical Summary
Yaks fed silage corn are prone to bloating and diarrhea because their rumen microbiota cannot adapt to the rapidly decomposing, easily degradable fiber, leading to indigestion and excessive acidity.
Fermented corn feed was prepared by fermenting silage corn using yak rumen microorganisms and non-antagonistic exogenous beneficial microorganisms (such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosus, Trichoderma cornii, and Lactobacillus bryceae). By simulating the yak rumen environment, the feed promoted preliminary decomposition and pre-digestion.
It improved the palatability and digestibility of fermented corn feed, reduced the risk of bloating and diarrhea, and significantly increased the average weight gain and economic benefits of yak farming.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed processing, and in particular to a fermented corn feed and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Corn silage refers to the fermentation of whole-plant corn (30-38% dry matter content) harvested at the appropriate growth stage, chopped, rapidly transported, packed, compacted, and sealed. Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid bacteria attached to the plant surface utilize the soluble sugars in the corn plant, primarily those in the ears and sap, for fermentation. The main product of lactic acid bacteria is lactic acid, followed by other organic acids such as acetic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid rapidly lowers the pH of the silage, inhibiting the growth of putrefactive bacteria, molds, and pathogens, while also preserving the nutritional components and palatability of the feed for a long time. Corn silage offers numerous benefits, including high energy, good palatability, nutrient preservation, provision of effective fiber, presence of probiotics, and high moisture content. Its long shelf life helps address seasonal imbalances, improves land utilization and yield, and reduces weather dependence, making it a commonly used energy feed in animal husbandry.
[0003] However, using silage corn directly as yak feed can easily cause bloating and diarrhea in yaks. The specific reason is that yaks' stomachs are adapted to the coarse, slow-degrading natural forage of high-altitude regions. Their rumen microbiota is better suited to the "slow-digesting fiber" of natural forage, while silage corn differs significantly from natural forage. Silage corn is "easily degradable fiber," breaking down quickly. Directly using silage corn as yak feed causes a sharp drop in the activity of the "dominant bacteria that break down slow fiber" in the rumen due to "food mismatch," while the "bacteria that break down fast fiber" do not have enough time to multiply, resulting in a "microbial generation gap." Simultaneously, rapid decomposition leads to a surge in lactic acid and other organic acids in the yak's rumen, lowering the pH level and further inhibiting the activity of fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen microbiota. This creates a vicious cycle of "excessive acidity" leading to "poor digestion," easily causing bloating and diarrhea. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a corn fermented feed and a method for preparing the same, in order to avoid the above-mentioned situation.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, this invention innovatively proposes a corn fermentation feed, which uses yak rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms that do not antagonize yak rumen microorganisms to ferment silage corn simultaneously, thereby obtaining corn fermentation feed; wherein, the exogenous beneficial microorganisms include at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma cornii and Lactobacillus brunelli.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing fermented corn feed, comprising: S1. Collect rumen fluid from yaks that have adapted to a high-concentrate indoor diet to obtain yak rumen microorganisms; S2. Mix yak rumen microorganisms and activated exogenous beneficial microorganisms in sterile water to obtain a compound microbial solution; S3. The compound microbial inoculum obtained in S2 is inoculated into silage corn for fermentation to obtain fermented corn feed; wherein, the fermentation temperature is 25℃-32℃, the fermentation pH value is 3.8-4.5, and the fermentation time is 36h-60h.
[0007] In one implementation method, in S1, yaks with high feed conversion efficiency and a feed conversion ratio of less than 5.5 are selected as rumen fluid donor cattle.
[0008] In one implementation, in S1, the yak rumen microorganisms include Prevotella, Bacteroides, Rumenococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Clostridium, Fibrobacterium, Treponema, Bifidobacterium, and Vibrio succinate.
[0009] In one implementation method, in S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (20-26): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (200-300).
[0010] In one implementation method, in S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (22-25): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (220-250).
[0011] In one implementation method, in S3, the silage corn includes 32%-35% dry matter by weight, and the sugar content in the dry matter is greater than 3%.
[0012] As one implementation method, silage corn is fermented after being cut, with the cut size being 2cm-3cm.
[0013] In one implementation method, in S3, before fermentation, the mixture of compound microbial inoculum and silage corn is kept warm for 2-8 hours.
[0014] As one implementation method, the fermentation temperature in S3 is 28℃-30℃, the fermentation pH value is 4.0-4.2, and the fermentation time is 40h-48h.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Yak rumen microorganisms, as a type of flora that can mimic the rumen environment of yaks, can promote the initial decomposition and pre-digestion of silage corn. When fermented together with exogenous beneficial microorganisms without antagonistic effects, the palatability and digestibility of silage corn can be further improved. 2. At the same time, the rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms are pre-domesticated and fermented in the silage corn feed, so that the rumen microorganisms do not need to readapt after the yaks eat it, which can minimize the risk of bloating and diarrhea after the yaks eat the silage corn. 3. Yaks fed with the fermented corn feed of the present invention showed significantly increased average weight gain and total weight gain. Feeding with the fermented corn feed of the present invention can also reduce the feed conversion ratio and improve the economic benefits of breeding. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, this invention innovatively proposes a corn fermentation feed, which uses yak rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms that do not antagonize yak rumen microorganisms to ferment silage corn simultaneously, thereby obtaining corn fermentation feed; wherein, the exogenous beneficial microorganisms include at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma cornii and Lactobacillus brunelli.
[0017] Specifically, *Lactobacillus plantarum* produces acid rapidly, lowering the pH of silage corn to below 4.0 within 24 hours. It efficiently utilizes carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose in silage corn, producing large amounts of lactic acid, which accounts for over 70% of the volatile fatty acids. Simultaneously, it secretes bacteriocins, directly inhibiting harmful bacteria such as *E. coli* and *Salmonella*. Furthermore, it is compatible with lactic acid-utilizing bacteria in the yak rumen; the lactic acid produced by *Lactobacillus plantarum* can serve as a "pre-adaptation substrate" for yak rumen microorganisms, preventing digestive disorders caused by a sudden drop in rumen pH after yak consumption. The advantages of *Pediococcus pentosaceus* lie in its ability to utilize pentoses, such as xylose and arabinose, which are difficult for yak rumen microorganisms and common lactic acid bacteria to utilize, thus reducing the waste of carbohydrates in silage corn. Furthermore, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* produces mild and stable acid, preventing excessive acidity in silage corn and significantly reducing nitrite content by 60%-80%. Most importantly, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* does not compete with cellulose-degrading bacteria such as succinic acid-producing filamentous bacilli in yak rumen microorganisms; instead, its lactic acid metabolism products promote the activity of yak rumen microorganisms. *Trichoderma koningii* secretes highly active cellulase and hemicellulase, which can decompose the recalcitrant lignin-cellulose complex in silage corn into smaller sugar molecules such as glucose and xylose, increasing the degradation rate of crude fiber. The enzymatic hydrolysis products of *Trichoderma koningii* can also be directly used as easily digestible substrates for yak rumen microorganisms, accelerating their proliferation in silage corn. Additionally, *Trichoderma koningii* is cold-resistant, making it suitable for the silage corn needs of high-altitude and cold regions. Lactobacillus brunelli is a heterologous lactic acid bacterium that produces a small amount of propionic acid. Propionic acid's inhibitory effect on yeasts and molds is several times stronger than that of lactic acid, thus extending the storage period of silage corn after opening the silo. Simultaneously, Lactobacillus brunelli produces a mild acid, preventing the pH of the silage corn from becoming too low. Furthermore, the propionic acid it produces can be metabolized by yak rumen microorganisms and converted into energy needed by the yak, without placing a metabolic burden on them. In conclusion, the co-fermentation of silage corn by yak rumen microorganisms and non-antagonistic exogenous beneficial microorganisms can promote the initial decomposition and pre-digestion of silage corn, further improving its palatability and digestibility.
[0018] To achieve the above objectives, in another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing fermented corn feed, comprising: S1. Collect rumen fluid from yaks that have adapted to a high-concentrate indoor diet to obtain yak rumen microorganisms; S2. Mix yak rumen microorganisms and activated exogenous beneficial microorganisms in sterile water to obtain a compound microbial solution; S3. The compound microbial inoculum obtained in S2 is inoculated into silage corn for fermentation to obtain fermented corn feed; wherein, the fermentation temperature is 25℃-32℃, the fermentation pH value is 3.8-4.5, and the fermentation time is 36h-60h.
[0019] Specifically, the fermentation temperature is 25℃-32℃ and the fermentation pH value is 3.8-4.5, which can accurately match the synergistic activity of yak rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms, which can quickly inhibit harmful bacteria, control temperature at low cost, and ensure the palatability of silage corn; the short fermentation cycle of 36h-60h can quickly prepare feed to meet emergency supplementary feeding needs, while reducing excessive decomposition of nutrients, and is suitable for rapid processing of fresh raw materials.
[0020] In one implementation method, in S1, yaks with high feed conversion efficiency and a feed conversion ratio of less than 5.5 are selected as rumen fluid donor cattle.
[0021] Specifically, the rumen microbial community of these yaks is better at efficiently decomposing and utilizing feed. Their gastric juices allow silage to adapt to a high-conversion-efficiency digestion mode in advance, which can further improve the yak's feed conversion efficiency for silage during subsequent feeding. Yaks with high feed conversion efficiency have more stable rumen function and higher activity of beneficial bacteria, which can ensure the quality of donor rumen juice, reduce the mixing of harmful bacteria, and reduce the risk of silage corn fermentation failure and subsequent digestive discomfort in yaks.
[0022] In one implementation, in S1, the yak rumen microorganisms include Prevotella, Bacteroides, Rumenococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Clostridium, Fibrobacterium, Treponema, Bifidobacterium, and Vibrio succinate.
[0023] Specifically, among them, Ruminococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Clostridium, Fibrobacterium, and Treponema can efficiently decompose fiber; Prevotella, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Vibrio succinate can efficiently decompose starch.
[0024] In one implementation method, in S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (20-26): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (200-300).
[0025] In one implementation method, in S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (22-25): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (220-250).
[0026] Specifically, this formulation uses yak rumen microorganisms as its core, with a suitable ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma cornigli, and Lactobacillus brunelli. This allows it to simultaneously achieve the functions of "adapting to yak digestion, rapidly reducing acidity and preventing spoilage, and assisting in fiber degradation." The various bacteria work synergistically without antagonism. The amount of sterile water used is reasonable, ensuring that the effective bacterial concentration meets the fermentation requirements while diluting the bacterial solution to a state that facilitates uniform spraying, allowing the bacterial solution to fully contact the silage raw materials and improving the uniformity of fermentation.
[0027] In one implementation method, in S3, the silage corn includes 32%-35% dry matter by weight, and the sugar content in the dry matter is greater than 3%.
[0028] Specifically, a dry matter ratio of 32%-35% can balance the moisture and structure of silage corn, avoiding excessive moisture leading to spoilage or insufficient moisture affecting microbial activity. A sugar content of >3% in the dry matter provides sufficient substrate for microbial fermentation and ensures acid production efficiency. Such raw material characteristics allow for more complete silage fermentation, which can easily form a stable acidic environment to prevent spoilage and retain more digestible nutrients, reducing the digestive burden on yaks after they eat it.
[0029] As one implementation method, silage corn is fermented after being cut, with the cut size being 2cm-3cm.
[0030] Specifically, a shearing size of 2-3 cm increases the contact area between silage corn and the compound bacterial solution, helping microorganisms to quickly decompose fiber and produce acid. At the same time, it facilitates compaction and air removal during silage, reducing the risk of aerobic spoilage. This size will not reduce saliva secretion during chewing by yaks due to being too short (avoiding rumen acidity imbalance), nor will it cause fiber accumulation in the rumen due to being too long, reducing the probability of bloating and indigestion.
[0031] In one implementation method, in S3, before fermentation, the mixture of compound microbial inoculum and silage corn is kept warm for 2-8 hours.
[0032] Specifically, 2-8 hours of heat preservation can activate rumen microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria in the compound bacterial solution in advance, allowing them to quickly adapt to the silage corn environment and initially proliferate, laying a sufficient bacterial foundation for subsequent formal fermentation; the heat preservation process can also promote the uniform penetration of the bacterial solution into the silage corn, avoiding uneven fermentation caused by insufficient local bacterial quantity, and at the same time help microorganisms start metabolism in advance, improving the efficiency of subsequent fermentation.
[0033] As one implementation method, the fermentation temperature in S3 is 28℃-30℃, the fermentation pH value is 4.0-4.2, and the fermentation time is 36h-60h.
[0034] Specifically, 28℃-30℃ is the common optimal temperature range for rumen microorganisms and exogenous bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Trichoderma koningii, which can maximize the synergistic activity of the two. A pH of 4.0-4.2 precisely balances preservation and bacterial activity, which can quickly build a stable fermentation environment. The short cycle of 40h-48h, combined with the preceding parameters, can further and quickly produce silage to meet the needs of supplementary feeding, while reducing excessive decomposition of nutrients and ensuring that the silage reaches the quality that is easily digestible by yaks.
[0035] Preprocessing: (1) Selection of rumen fluid donor cattle: Three healthy yaks aged 3 years were selected as rumen fluid donor cattle. The selection criteria were a weight of 250±5 kg, a feed conversion ratio of less than 5.5, and high feed conversion efficiency. The yaks had been adapted to a high-concentrate intensive diet for 1 month. The basic diet consisted of 30% corn silage, 20% oat hay, and 50% concentrate. They had no history of digestive tract diseases. The rumen fluid donor cattle were withheld from food and water 12 hours in advance, and the skin around the 5 cm diameter rumen fistula was disinfected with iodine.
[0036] (2) Activation of exogenous beneficial microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum (strain LP-115): cultured in MRS medium at 37℃ for 18 hours under aerobic conditions, and the concentration was adjusted to ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / mL, labeled as activated Lactobacillus plantarum solution; Pediococcus pentosaceus (strain PP-2): cultured aerobically at 37°C for 20 hours on MRS medium, then adjusted to a concentration ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, labeled as activated Pediococcus pentosaceus solution; Trichoderma cornuta (strain TK-2): cultured aerobically at 28°C for 48 hours on potato dextrose medium, then the concentration was adjusted to ≥1.5×10⁻⁶. 7 Mycelia per mL were labeled as activated Trichoderma Corning solution; Lactobacillus brunelli (strain LB-2): anaerobic cultured on MRS medium at 37°C for 24 hours, then the concentration was adjusted to ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, labeled as activated Lactobacillus buchneri solution.
[0037] (3) Preparation of silage corn for use: Select corn plants in the late milk stage, with the kernels reaching 2 / 3 of their milk line and the lower leaves of the stalks turning yellow but not withered. Process within 24 hours after harvesting. Dry the corn at 105℃ in an oven until constant weight and test the dry matter content, which is 34%. Test the sugar content in the dry matter using the anthrone colorimetric method, which is 3.6%. Cut the silage corn to 2.5 cm using a chaff cutter with a blade speed of 2800 r / min and transfer it to a clean plastic basket to avoid contamination.
[0038] (4) Deionized water is autoclaved at 121℃ for 30 minutes and then cooled to 30℃ for later use; a 50L polypropylene sealed silage tank with a pressure gauge is used for later use, and the sealed silage tank is disinfected with alcohol; a digital thermometer with a range of -20℃ to 50℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃ is used for later use; a portable pH meter with a range of 0 to 14 and an accuracy of ±0.01 is used for later use.
[0039] Example 1 S1. Insert a sterile silicone tube (2cm in diameter, 1.5m in length) into the rumen to a depth of 80cm and extract 500mL of fresh rumen fluid. Transfer the fluid to a sterile incubator at 38℃. Filter the fluid twice through four layers of sterile gauze (pre-sterilized at 121℃ for 30 minutes) to collect the crude rumen bacterial solution. Mix the crude rumen bacterial solution with an activation culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:10. The activation culture medium consists of 1% oat grass powder / crude fiber + 0.5% glucose + 0.3% yeast extract + 0.1% sodium chloride + 98.1% sterile water. Sterilize at 121℃ for 30 minutes and then cool to 38℃. Transfer the mixture to an anaerobic culture flask filled with 95% N2 + 5% CO2 and incubate at 38℃ in an anaerobic environment for 24 hours. Detect the viable bacteria concentration using a plate count method under a microscope at 400x magnification, ensuring a viable bacterial concentration ≥1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL was used to obtain activated yak rumen microorganisms.
[0040] S2. Prepared by weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: *Lactobacillus plantarum*: *Pediococcus pentosaceus*: *Trichoderma koningense*: *Lactobacillus brunelli*: sterile water = 24:5.5:4.5:3.5:2.5:240, total preparation amount 279g. Specific weighings: 24g activated rumen bacteria solution, 5.5g activated *Lactobacillus plantarum* solution, 4.5g activated *Pediococcus pentosaceus* solution, 3.5g activated *Trichoderma koningense* solution, 2.5g activated *Lactobacillus brunelli* solution, 240g sterile water. Pour sterile water into a 10L sterile plastic container and preheat in a 30℃ constant temperature water bath for 10 minutes. Add the activated rumen bacteria solution, activated Lactobacillus plantarum solution, activated Pediococcus pentosaceus solution, activated Trichoderma cornutulatum solution, and activated Lactobacillus brunelli solution in that order, stirring slowly with a sterile glass rod for 3 minutes after each addition. After mixing completely, seal the container and incubate at 30℃ for 10 minutes. Detect the total viable bacteria concentration using the plate count method, ensuring it is ≥1.1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, labeled as compound microbial culture.
[0041] S3. Transfer 10kg of cut silage corn to a fermentation area pre-sterilized with 75% alcohol, spreading it in a 10cm thick layer. Evenly spray 279g of compound bacterial solution using a sterile sprayer, ensuring 27.9g is sprayed per square meter without any omissions, stirring constantly with a sterile rake. Transfer to a 30℃ constant temperature incubator, maintaining the temperature for 6 hours (within the 2-8 hour range). Take samples every 2 hours to test the uniformity of bacterial solution adhesion, ensuring that each gram of raw material contains ≥1.0×10⁻⁶ bacteria. 6CFU. After insulated silage corn was placed into a 50L silage tank, compacting it every 10cm using a sterile pressure plate at a pressure of ≥50kg / cm² to remove air until no air bubbles remained on the tank walls. The tank was filled to 5cm from the rim, covered with two layers of 0.12mm sterile plastic film, and sealed with a rubber ring. A digital thermometer and pH meter were inserted, with the thermometer probe extending 5cm into the center of the silage corn. Fermentation was carried out at a constant temperature of 29℃. Temperature and pH were measured every 3 hours for the first 12 hours, and every 6 hours from 12 to 48 hours. Fermentation was stopped when the temperature stabilized at 29±0.5℃ and the pH stabilized at 4.1 for 6 hours. The total fermentation time was 45 hours.
[0042] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that, S2. Prepared according to the lower limit weight ratio of claim 5: yak rumen microorganisms: *Lactobacillus plantarum*: *Pediococcus pentosaceus*: *Trichoderma koningense*: *Lactobacillus brunelli*: sterile water = 20:5:4:3:2:200, with a total preparation amount of 234g. Weigh: 20g activated rumen bacteria solution, 5g activated *Lactobacillus plantarum* solution, 4g activated *Pediococcus pentosaceus* solution, 3g activated *Trichoderma koningense* solution, 2g activated *Lactobacillus brunelli* solution, and 200g sterile water.
[0043] S3. Keep warm for 2 hours before fermentation, fermentation temperature 25℃, fermentation for 36 hours, and stop fermentation when the pH stabilizes at 3.8.
[0044] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that, S2. Prepared according to the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: *Lactobacillus plantarum*: *Pediococcus pentosaceus*: *Trichoderma koningense*: *Lactobacillus brunelli*: sterile water = 26:6:5:4:3:300, with a total preparation amount of 344g. Weigh: 26g activated rumen bacteria solution, 6g activated *Lactobacillus plantarum* solution, 5g activated *Pediococcus pentosaceus* solution, 4g activated *Trichoderma koningense* solution, 3g activated *Lactobacillus brunelli* solution, and 300g sterile water.
[0045] S3. The dry matter content of the silage corn used is 35%, and the sugar content in the dry matter is 4.0%. The heat preservation time before fermentation is 8 hours, the fermentation temperature is 32℃, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and the fermentation is stopped when the pH stabilizes at 4.5.
[0046] Comparative Example 1 The pre-treated silage corn is fermented naturally for 60 hours at a constant temperature of 29°C without inoculating any bacterial solution.
[0047] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in S2, the pretreated silage corn is inoculated only with Lactobacillus plantarum.
[0048] The silage corn from the above embodiments and comparative examples was fermented to obtain fermented corn feed. After opening the container, 500g of the middle layer of fermented corn feed was taken for quality testing, including its appearance, pH value, nitrite content, and crude fiber degradation rate. The remaining raw materials were placed in 5kg airless, sterile sealed bags and stored in a cool, dark place at 15℃ for 7 days to feed experimental cattle. Thirty healthy adult yaks aged 3 years (300±10kg) were selected as experimental cattle and randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 cattle each. Each group was fed the fermented corn feed prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples. The pre-trial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period was 30 days.
[0049] After feeding, the digestive performance parameters and nutrient retention rate of the yaks were tested, including average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, diarrhea rate, etc.
[0050] Test method: (1) The appearance standard for fermented corn feed is yellow-green in color, without black spots or mold; the odor is a strong sour aroma, without putrid or alcoholic smell; the texture is soft and elastic, and it does not fall apart when squeezed and released without clumping. (2) The nitrite content in fermented corn feed is tested according to GB 5009.33-2016. (3) The crude fiber degradation rate in fermented corn feed is tested according to GB / T 6434-2006. (4) The crude protein retention rate in fermented corn feed is tested according to GB / T 6432-2018. (5) The total energy retention rate in fermented corn feed is tested according to GB / T 6433-2006.
[0051] The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0052] Table 1 In summary, the pH and nitrite content in the three embodiments of this invention all meet the standards for high-quality silage, and the crude fiber degradation rate is higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, indicating that the compound microbial liquid in the present invention can efficiently decompose fiber and inhibit harmful bacteria. The diarrhea rate in the three embodiments of this invention is ≤1.7%, and the feed conversion ratio is ≤5.3, which is far superior to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, proving that the addition of yak rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms can adapt to yak digestion and reduce intestinal discomfort. The crude protein and total energy retention rates in the embodiments of this invention are all over 89.5%, which can avoid nutrient loss during short-term fermentation and meet the energy and protein requirements of yaks.
[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and equipment used are all commercially available. If the specific processing conditions and methods are not explicitly described in the embodiments, conditions and methods known in the art can be used for processing.
Claims
1. A fermented corn feed, characterized in that, The fermented corn feed is obtained by simultaneously fermenting silage corn with yak rumen microorganisms and exogenous beneficial microorganisms that do not antagonize the yak rumen microorganisms; wherein the exogenous beneficial microorganisms include at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma cornii and Lactobacillus brunelli.
2. A method for preparing fermented corn feed, characterized in that, include: S1. Collect rumen fluid from yaks that have adapted to a high-concentrate indoor diet to obtain yak rumen microorganisms; S2. The yak rumen microorganisms and the activated exogenous beneficial microorganisms are mixed in sterile water to obtain a composite microbial solution; S3. The compound microbial inoculum obtained in S2 is inoculated into silage corn for fermentation to obtain fermented corn feed; wherein the fermentation temperature is 25℃-32℃, the fermentation pH value is 3.8-4.5, and the fermentation time is 36h-60h.
3. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S1, yaks with high feed conversion efficiency and a feed conversion ratio of less than 5.5 are selected as rumen fluid donor cattle.
4. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S1, the yak rumen microorganisms include Prevotella, Bacteroides, Rumenococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Clostridium, Fibrobacterium, Treponema, Bifidobacterium, and Vibrio succinate.
5. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (20-26): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (200-300).
6. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, the weight ratio of yak rumen microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum: Pediococcus pentosus: Trichoderma cornutulatum: Lactobacillus brunelli: sterile water in the compound microbial solution is (22-25): (5-6): (4-5): (3-4): (2-3): (220-250).
7. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S3, the silage corn includes 32%-35% dry matter by weight, and the sugar content in the dry matter is greater than 3%.
8. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the silage corn is fermented after being cut, with the cut size being 2cm-3cm.
9. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, before fermentation, the mixture of compound microbial inoculum and silage corn is kept warm for 2-8 hours.
10. The method for preparing fermented corn feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S3, the fermentation temperature is 28℃-30℃, the fermentation pH is 4.0-4.2, and the fermentation time is 40h-48h.