Flexible wound surface detection dressing integrated with multi-mode sensor
By integrating multimodal sensors into wound dressings and utilizing nanofiber membrane substrates and conductive ink printing technology, real-time monitoring of wound humidity, pH, and hydrogen peroxide was achieved, solving the problem that traditional dressings could not monitor in real time and improving detection efficiency and signal stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511651635.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing wound dressings cannot monitor wound conditions in real time, especially pH, humidity and hydrogen peroxide content, and the sensors do not adhere well to the skin, resulting in signal distortion and poor stability.
A flexible wound detection dressing integrating multimodal sensors was designed. It adopts a nanofiber membrane substrate and integrates humidity, pH and hydrogen peroxide sensors. Interdigitated electrodes and working electrodes are formed by conductive ink printing. Combined with signal conversion, transmission and storage modules, it realizes real-time monitoring.
It enables efficient and accurate monitoring of wound humidity, pH and hydrogen peroxide content, and has high flexibility and breathability, reducing raw material costs and improving detection efficiency and signal stability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121401044A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of wound detection dressing technology, and more particularly to a flexible wound detection dressing that integrates a multimodal sensor. Background Technology
[0002] The microenvironment parameters during wound healing directly affect the healing speed and infection risk. For example, normal skin has a slightly acidic pH (4.5-6.5), but the pH of infected or inflammatory wounds rises to neutral or alkaline. Studies have shown that elevated pH inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, delaying healing. A moderately humid environment (relative humidity 60%-80%) promotes epithelial cell migration and angiogenesis. However, excessively high humidity (>90%) easily breeds bacteria, while excessively low humidity (<40%) leads to crusting and hinders cell regeneration. Hydrogen peroxide concentration, as an inflammatory marker, indicates an increased risk of infection when elevated (>50 μM), requiring timely intervention.
[0003] Traditional dressings on the market, such as gauze and cotton pads, can only absorb exudate and provide physical protection. They lack the ability to provide feedback on the wound's condition, requiring doctors to assess the wound's condition through regular dressing changes. However, subjective judgment has a high error rate. Some research has developed integrated smart dressings, but most smart dressings use rigid circuit boards, resulting in poor skin adhesion, signal distortion, poor signal stability, or low sensor integration.
[0004] Therefore, designing a flexible, highly integrated dressing that can be monitored in real time has significant practical value. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides an intelligent dressing with antibacterial properties that integrates monitoring of wound pH, humidity, and hydrogen peroxide content; specifically, it is a dressing that monitors the wound condition in real time.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a flexible wound detection dressing integrating multimodal sensors, including a nanofiber dressing module and a wound sensor module. The fiber membrane substrate module is applied to the wound surface, and the wound sensor module is fabricated on the fiber membrane substrate module. The output end of the wound sensor is sequentially connected to a signal conversion module, a signal transmission module, and a signal storage module, and finally connected to a power supply module.
[0007] Furthermore, the nanofiber dressing module includes a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane, a drug-embedded nanofiber membrane, and a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane. This nanofiber membrane dressing module serves as the sensor substrate, providing antibacterial and exudate transport functions. The wound sensor module includes a fiber membrane substrate, a humidity sensing module, a pH sensing module, and an H2O2 sensing module. All three sensing modules are located on the front side of the fiber membrane substrate. The humidity sensing module is positioned at the center of the front side of the fiber membrane substrate, with the pH sensing module and H2O2 sensing module positioned on either side of the humidity sensor. The humidity sensing module is composed of interdigitated electrodes printed with conductive silver paste and silver ammonia ink. The pH sensing module includes a reference electrode and a working electrode coated with a polyaniline film. The H2O2 sensing module includes a counter electrode and a working electrode coated with a Prussian blue film. The humidity sensing module, pH sensing module, and H2O2 sensing module are all printed onto the surface of the fiber membrane substrate using a dispensing method. The hydrophilic nanofiber membrane on the front side of the fiber membrane substrate faces the wound, while the hydrophobic nanofiber membrane on the back side of the fiber membrane substrate is applied to the wound.
[0008] Furthermore, the working electrode and the counter electrode are prepared by printing carbon paste ink and polyaniline ink / Prussian blue ink by dispensing, and the reference electrode is prepared by printing silver paste ink by dispensing; the silver ammonia ink of the humidity sensor is printed on the interdigitated electrode in a serpentine pattern, and both ends of the interdigitated electrode are arc-shaped electrodes; the reference electrode and the working electrode coated with polyaniline film of the pH sensing module are each provided with an electrode; the counter electrode and the working electrode coated with Prussian blue film of the H2O2 sensing module are each provided with an electrode. The interdigitated electrode of the humidity sensing module and the reference electrode of the pH sensing module are both prepared on the surface of the fiber membrane substrate by dispensing conductive silver paste ink. The counter electrode, working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module and the working electrode of the pH sensing module are prepared on the surface of the fiber membrane substrate by dispensing conductive carbon paste. The working electrode of the pH sensing module coated with a polyaniline film and the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module coated with a Prussian blue film are both prepared and formed on the surface of the fiber membrane substrate in the following manner: first, conductive carbon paste ink is printed onto the fiber membrane substrate by dispensing, and then, on the basis of the conductive carbon paste ink, a polyaniline film or a Prussian blue film is printed onto the working electrode by dispensing.
[0009] Furthermore, the humidity sensing module is composed of interdigitated electrodes coated with silver ammonia ink film. The silver ammonia ink is printed on the interdigitated electrodes in a serpentine pattern, and both ends of the interdigitated electrodes are arc-shaped electrodes.
[0010] Furthermore, the signal conversion module is a signal conversion device that converts electrical signals into digital signals.
[0011] Furthermore, the signal transmission module transmits the signal to the signal storage module via a wire connection.
[0012] Furthermore, the preparation process of the wound sensor module includes the following steps: (1) The conductive silver paste ink is printed onto the fiber membrane substrate using the dispensing method: The fiber membrane substrate is laid flat on the printing plate and clamped and fixed with a clamp for pre-stretching by 5%. The required conductive silver paste interdigitated electrode pattern and the counter electrode pattern of the H2O2 sensing module are drawn using the software DB100 of the multifunctional flexible electronic printing equipment. After the glue is applied and the curing is completed, a conductive silver paste circuit on the fiber membrane substrate is prepared. (2) Print silver ammonia ink onto the interdigital electrodes: First, prepare the silver ammonia ink, draw a serpentine wire loop on the DB100 software, and after the conductive silver paste ink has cured, apply adhesive to the interdigitated electrodes to prepare the humidity sensing module. (3) Print polyaniline ink onto the working electrode of the pH sensing module: First, the reference electrode pattern, working electrode pattern, and working electrode pattern of the H2O2 sensing module are drawn on the DB100 software. Then, the carbon electrode parts of the counter electrode and working electrode are prepared by printing conductive carbon paste ink on the fiber membrane substrate. Next, polyaniline ink is prepared and printed on the working electrode of the pH sensor to obtain the working electrode of the pH sensing module. (4) Print Prussian blue ink onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module: First, prepare the Prussian blue ink and print it onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensor to prepare the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module. (5) Package the sensor module: First, a 50μm thick medical-grade silicone is precisely applied as a flexible insulating base layer. Then, at 80℃, a PU-PVP breathable membrane is sprayed onto the sensing area using a mask-assisted process and vacuum dried at 60℃. Subsequently, a 100μm thick photocurable sodium alginate hydrogel bio-interface layer is applied, and the electrode lead interface is locally reinforced and encapsulated with conductive epoxy resin using a step-curing method. Finally, a fiber-based flexible dressing is obtained.
[0013] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention proposes a fiber membrane-based wound dressing. Conductive and sensing inks are printed onto the fiber membrane via dispensing, and a stepped curing process is used. The fiber membrane has a high surface smoothness and is free of breaks. The fiber membrane and the printed parts have high flexibility, ensuring the continuity of the circuit under certain deformation conditions. This enables flexible multi-module functions and coordinated operation of multi-mode information, significantly enhancing wound detection capabilities. Compared with traditional sensors based on flexible substrates (such as PDMS substrates), the fiber-based sensor has higher stretchability and breathability, which is more conducive to the dressing and healing of complex wounds.
[0014] 2. The sensing device of the present invention can simultaneously monitor wound humidity, pH and H2O2 content, with high detection efficiency and high detection accuracy under different stretching conditions.
[0015] 3. The basic materials used in this invention are all commercially available conductive inks, and the required raw material costs are low. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a side view of the nanofiber membrane dressing module of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front structural view of the wound sensor module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an electrical connection diagram of the wound microenvironment detection device of the present invention; The components include: 1. hydrophilic nanofiber membrane, 2. drug-encapsulated nanofiber membrane, 3. hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, 4. fiber membrane substrate, 5. humidity sensing module, 6. pH sensing module, and 7. H2O2 sensing module. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To explain in detail the technical content, structural features, objectives, and effects of the technical solution, the following description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Example
[0018] like Figure 3 As shown, a flexible wound detection dressing integrating multimodal sensors includes a nanofiber dressing module, a wound sensor module, a signal conversion module, a signal storage module, and a power supply module. The wound sensor module is printed onto the nanofiber dressing module by dispensing adhesive. The output of the wound sensor module transmits signals sequentially through the signal conversion module, the signal transmission module, and the signal storage module, and finally connects to the power supply module to complete the entire process of sensing signals.
[0019] like Figure 1As shown, the nanofiber membrane module is composed of three layers of nanofiber membranes. The three layers are bonded together to form a nanofiber dressing, specifically including a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane 1, a drug-encapsulating nanofiber membrane 2, and a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane 3. The hydrophilic nanofiber membrane 1 is made of polyamide 6-polyethylene glycol (PA6-PEG). The drug-encapsulating nanofiber membrane 2 is composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) core-shell fibers that encapsulate drugs. The hydrophobic nanofiber membrane 3 is made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prepare a hydrophobic microfiber mesh (TPU-HMM).
[0020] The drag effect of the Janus membrane, formed by combining hydrophobic nanofiber membrane 3 and hydrophilic nanofiber membrane 1, is used to realize the wettability gradient of the nanofiber dressing and achieve its one-way moisture permeability function; the drug-embedded nanofiber membrane 2 realizes the function of on-demand drug release at the wound site by core-shell encapsulation of drugs.
[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, the wound sensing module includes a nanofiber membrane substrate 4, a humidity sensing module 5, a pH sensing module 6, and an H2O2 sensing module 7. The humidity sensing module 5, pH sensing module 6, and H2O2 sensing module 7 are all located on the front side of the nanofiber membrane substrate 4. The humidity sensing module 5 is located at the center of the front side of the nanofiber membrane substrate 4, and the pH sensing module 6 and H2O2 sensing module 7 are located on both sides of the humidity sensing module 5.
[0022] The humidity sensing module 5 is composed of interdigitated electrodes coated with silver ammonia ink film; the pH sensing module 6 includes a reference electrode and a working electrode coated with polyaniline film; the H2O2 sensing module 7 includes a counter electrode and a working electrode coated with Prussian blue film; the hydrophilic nanofiber membrane on the front side of the fiber membrane substrate is facing the wound, and the hydrophobic nanofiber membrane on the back side of the fiber membrane substrate is attached to the wound.
[0023] The working electrode is prepared by printing carbon paste ink and polyaniline ink / Prussian blue ink by dispensing, the counter electrode is prepared by printing carbon paste ink by dispensing, and the reference electrode is prepared by printing silver paste ink by dispensing.
[0024] The humidity sensing module 5 uses silver ammonia ink printed in a serpentine pattern on the interdigitated electrodes, both ends of which are arc-shaped. The pH sensing module 6 has a reference electrode and a working electrode coated with a polyaniline film, each with one electrode. The H2O2 sensing module 7 has a counter electrode and a working electrode coated with a Prussian blue film, each with one electrode. In practice, the electrodes are printed as arc-shaped as possible to mitigate the effects of stress release.
[0025] The signal conversion module is a signal conversion device that converts electrical signals into digital signals. It can convert current and voltage signals into digital signals. The signal transmission module can transmit digital signals to the signal storage module through wires. The power supply module is connected to each module to provide voltage.
[0026] The interdigitated electrodes of the humidity sensing module 5 and the reference electrode of the pH sensing module 6 are printed onto the surface of the fiber membrane substrate using conductive silver paste ink. The counter electrode and working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module 7 and the working electrode of the pH sensing module 6 are printed onto the surface of the fiber membrane substrate using conductive carbon paste ink.
[0027] The working electrode of pH sensing module 6, coated with a polyaniline film, and the working electrode of H2O2 sensing module 7, coated with a Prussian blue film, are both prepared and formed on the surface of the fiber membrane substrate in the following manner: first, conductive carbon paste ink is printed onto the fiber membrane substrate by dispensing, and then, on the basis of conductive carbon paste ink, a polyaniline film or a Prussian blue film is printed onto the working electrode by dispensing.
[0028] The preparation process of the wound sensor module of this invention includes the following steps: (1) The conductive silver paste ink is printed onto the fiber membrane substrate using the dispensing method: The fiber membrane substrate is laid flat on the printing plate and clamped and fixed with a 5% pre-stretch. The required conductive silver paste interdigitated electrode pattern and the reference electrode pattern of the H2O2 sensing module are drawn using the DB100 drawing software of the multifunctional flexible electronic printing equipment. The printing equipment is induced and the dispensing parameters are set as follows: dispensing height 32.80 mm, scanning speed 2 mm / s, and air pressure 50 MPa. After dispensing is completed, the conductive silver paste circuit on the fiber membrane substrate is prepared after waiting for it to cure.
[0029] (2) Print silver ammonia ink onto the interdigital electrodes: First, dissolve 0.25 g of silver acetate in 1.53 g of deionized water, add 2.43 g of anhydrous ethanol, 0.34 g of isopropanolamine and 0.7 g of PEO, and stir for 24 hours with a magnetic stirrer to make silver ammonia ink.
[0030] Next, a serpentine wire loop was drawn on the DB100 software. After the conductive silver paste ink was cured, the dispensing parameters were set as follows: dispensing height of 32.75 mm, scanning speed of 2 mm / s, and air pressure of 200 MPa. Dispensing was performed on the interdigitated electrodes to prepare the humidity-sensitive sensing module.
[0031] (3) Print polyaniline ink onto the working electrode of the pH sensing module: First, the working electrode patterns of the pH sensing module and the H2O2 sensing module were drawn on the DB100 software. The dispensing parameters were set as follows: dispensing height of 32.80 mm, scanning speed of 2 mm / s, and air pressure of 180 MPa. The working electrodes were prepared by printing conductive carbon paste ink on the fiber membrane substrate.
[0032] Next, 1.5 g of PEO was dissolved in 3.28 g of deionized water, and then 5.18 g of anhydrous ethanol and 1 g of polyaniline powder were added. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours under a magnetic stirrer to prepare polyaniline ink. After the conductive carbon paste ink was cured, the dispensing parameters were set as follows: dispensing height of 32.75 mm, scanning speed of 2 mm / s, and air pressure of 200 MPa. The polyaniline ink was then printed on the working electrode of the pH sensor to prepare the working electrode of the pH sensing module.
[0033] (4) Print Prussian blue ink onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module: First, 1.5 g of PEO was dissolved in 3.28 g of deionized water, and then 5.18 g of anhydrous ethanol and 1 g of Prussian blue powder were added. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours under a magnetic stirrer to prepare Prussian blue ink. After the conductive carbon paste ink was cured, the dispensing parameters were set as follows: dispensing height of 32.75 mm, scanning speed of 2 mm / s, and air pressure of 200 MPa. The Prussian blue ink was then printed onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensor to prepare the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module.
[0034] (5) Encapsulate the wound sensing module: First, a 50μm thick medical-grade silicone rubber layer is precisely applied as a flexible insulating base layer. Then, at 80℃, a PU-PVP breathable membrane with a pore size of 1.0mm is sprayed onto the sensing area using a mask-assisted process. Next, it is vacuum dried at 60℃. Subsequently, a 100μm thick photocurable sodium alginate hydrogel bio-interface layer is applied, and the electrode lead interface is locally reinforced and encapsulated with conductive epoxy resin using a step-curing method.
[0035] Finally, laser trimming is performed to ensure that the encapsulated module has high flexibility (resistance change <5% after 1000 bends), electrical insulation (>20MΩ) and biocompatibility (passes ISO 10993 cytotoxicity test) to meet the application requirements of wound dressings.
[0036] The device of this invention detects wound humidity, pH, and H2O2 in the following manner: Place the back of the fiber membrane substrate 4 onto the wound, with the side containing silver ammonia ink, polyaniline film, and Prussian blue film facing the wound and close to the wound opening. Connect the wires to the sealed wiring terminals, and then connect the signal conversion module, signal transmission module, signal storage module, and power supply module in sequence.
[0037] Turn on the power, set the reference voltage to 1V, and then measure the humidity, pH and H2O2 signals measured on the interdigitated electrode, polyaniline film and Prussian blue film respectively. The signals are converted into digital signals by the signal conversion device and finally transmitted to the signal receiver.
[0038] The measurement principle of this invention for detecting wound parameter status is as follows: In humidity sensing module 5, silver ammonia ink is printed onto the interdigital electrodes. The resistance of silver ammonia ink varies greatly with humidity. When the humidity of the wound changes, the resistance of the silver ammonia ink changes significantly, which in turn causes a change in resistance together with the interdigital electrodes. The voltage supplied by the power supply remains constant, and humidity monitoring can be achieved by detecting only the change in current.
[0039] In pH sensing module 6, when the wound condition changes, the wound exudate comes into contact with the polyaniline membrane through the nanofiber membrane. When the wound pH decreases, the H+ in the wound exudate... + The H+ groups in the polyaniline chain structure combine to form unstable cationic groups, increasing the potential. When the wound pH increases, the H+ groups in the polyaniline chain structure... + by OH - Neutralization lowers the potential, while the potential of the reference electrode remains constant. Changes in wound pH can be detected by measuring the change in voltage difference.
[0040] In the H2O2 sensing module 7, when the H2O2 content of the wound exudate changes, hydrogen peroxide will undergo a redox reaction with Prussian blue. Different H2O2 contents will undergo different redox reactions with Prussian blue, resulting in different electron migrations and thus generating different reduction currents. The change in H2O2 in the wound can be detected by detecting the reduction current between the two electrodes.
[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." or "including..." does not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element. Additionally, in this document, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number.
[0042] Although the above embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A flexible wound detection dressing integrating multimodal sensors, characterized in that, It includes a nanofiber dressing module and a wound sensor module. The fiber membrane substrate module is applied to the wound surface, and the wound sensor module is fabricated on the fiber membrane substrate module. The output end of the wound sensor is connected in sequence to a signal conversion module, a signal transmission module, and a signal storage module, and finally to a power supply module.
2. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nanofiber dressing module includes a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane, a drug-embedded nanofiber membrane, and a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane. The wound sensor module includes a fiber membrane substrate, a humidity sensing module, a pH sensing module, and an H2O2 sensing module. Each module is placed on the surface of the hydrophilic nanofiber membrane. The hydrophilic nanofiber membrane on the front side of the fiber membrane substrate faces the wound, while the hydrophobic nanofiber membrane on the back side of the fiber membrane substrate is applied to the wound.
3. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The humidity sensing module in the wound sensor module is composed of interdigitated electrodes coated with silver ammonia ink film. The silver ammonia ink is printed on the interdigitated electrodes in a serpentine pattern, and both ends of the interdigitated electrodes are arc-shaped electrodes. The pH sensing module includes a reference electrode and a working electrode coated with a polyaniline film, and the H2O2 sensing module includes a counter electrode and a working electrode coated with a Prussian blue film. The working electrode is first printed with conductive carbon paste and dried, and then printed with the corresponding polyaniline ink / Prussian blue ink.
4. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The reference electrode and the working electrode coated with a polyaniline film of the pH sensing module in the wound sensor module are each provided with an electrode, and the counter electrode and the working electrode coated with a Prussian blue film of the H2O2 sensing module in the wound sensor module are each provided with an electrode.
5. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The interdigitated electrodes and reference electrodes are prepared by conductive silver paste dispensing and printing.
6. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal conversion module is a signal conversion device that converts electrical signals into digital signals.
7. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal transmission module transmits signals to the signal storage module via a wire connection.
8. The flexible wound detection dressing as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The preparation process of the wound sensor module includes the following steps: (1) The conductive silver paste ink is printed onto the fiber membrane substrate using the dispensing method: The fiber membrane substrate is laid flat on the printing plate and clamped and fixed with a clamp for pre-stretching by 5%. The required conductive silver paste interdigitated electrode pattern and pH sensing module reference electrode pattern are drawn using the DB100 software of the multifunctional flexible electronic printing equipment. After dispensing, wait for it to cure to obtain a conductive silver paste circuit on the fiber membrane substrate. (2) Print silver ammonia ink onto the interdigital electrodes: First, prepare the silver ammonia ink, draw a serpentine wire loop on the DB100 software, and after the conductive silver paste ink has cured, apply adhesive to the interdigitated electrodes to prepare the humidity sensing module. (3) Print polyaniline ink onto the working electrode of the pH sensing module: First, the counter electrode pattern, working electrode pattern, and working electrode pattern of the pH sensing module are drawn on the DB100 software. Each electrode is prepared by printing conductive carbon paste ink on the fiber membrane substrate. Then, polyaniline ink is prepared and printed on the working electrode of the pH sensor to obtain the working electrode of the pH sensing module. (4) Print Prussian blue ink onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module: First, prepare the Prussian blue ink and print it onto the working electrode of the H2O2 sensor to prepare the working electrode of the H2O2 sensing module. (5) Package the sensor module: First, a 50μm thick medical-grade silicone is precisely applied as a flexible insulating base layer. Then, at 80℃, a PU-PVP breathable membrane is sprayed onto the sensing area using a mask-assisted process and vacuum dried at 60℃. Subsequently, a 100μm thick photocurable sodium alginate hydrogel bio-interface layer is applied, and the electrode lead interface is locally reinforced and encapsulated with conductive epoxy resin using a step-curing method. Finally, a fiber-based flexible dressing is obtained.