Tunnel shield tunneling construction method and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel shield tunneling construction method and equipment, relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and aims to solve the technical problems of single structural shape, poor structural stress dispersity and limited supporting quality of an excavation supporting form in the prior art. The horizontal pipes and the inclined upward pipes of the vacuum floral pipes are arranged in a hexagonal and arched combined mode, it is guaranteed that a rock-soil body in a to-be-excavated area is evenly stressed, honeycomb type excavation supporting is adopted, the mechanical advantages of geometric structures are utilized for hexagonal holes and frameworks, each hexagonal framework is like an independent stress unit and supports each other in the excavation process, and the excavation efficiency is improved. And the soil deformation is controlled within an extremely small range. By means of the improved construction technology, the honeycomb-shaped and arch-shaped distributed supporting structure is adopted, the mechanical advantages of the structure are utilized, each hexagonal framework can serve as an independent stress unit to disperse stress, and the supporting structural strength is further optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a method and equipment for tunnel shield excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels allow vehicles to directly cross mountains or rivers, avoiding the time and distance wasted by detours. Currently, the main construction methods for mined tunnels include shield tunneling, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method, and drill-and-blast method.

[0003] Both shield tunneling and TBM tunneling involve circular full-face excavation, but their adaptability to different working environments differs. TBMs are for hard rock tunneling, while shield tunneling is for soft soil tunneling. Significant changes in the properties of the surrounding rock can bring great difficulties to construction. The risks and difficulties are extremely high when constructing soft rock with high ground stress and large deformation. At the same time, tunnel construction often uses horseshoe or rectangular cross-sections, while circular cross-sections often result in a large excavation face and excessive energy consumption.

[0004] While drill-and-blast (DUB) is adaptable to a wide range of geological formations, it suffers from slow construction speed, poor construction conditions, and significant disturbance to the surrounding environment, often affecting the stability of surrounding structures and facilities. DUB typically employs grouting, anchor bolts, and pipe roofing techniques for reinforcement, relying primarily on altering external factors to increase the stability of the surrounding rock and soil, without fully utilizing the inherent characteristics of the rock and soil, such as the arching effect. Furthermore, it suffers from drawbacks such as uncontrollable grouting range and quality, incomplete reinforcement by anchor bolts and pipe roofing leading to poor reinforcement effects, long construction periods, and poor economic efficiency. Additionally, it generates high overall carbon emissions, which contradicts my country's low-carbon and environmentally friendly development philosophy. Therefore, existing technologies often employ tunnel shield excavation to resist and overcome soft rock deformation and prevent rockbursts.

[0005] However, existing technologies for tunnel excavation support mostly employ rectangular or arched excavation support forms. Their vacuum structures are also only suitable for rectangular or arched excavation support forms, resulting in poor stress dispersion and difficulty in fully utilizing the mechanical advantages of the geometric structure. The lack of a coordinated stress-bearing mechanism among the support units makes it difficult to effectively disperse the stress generated during excavation, leading to insufficient control of soil deformation. This results in localized collapses or settlements during construction, seriously affecting construction safety and tunnel forming quality. Furthermore, the limited strength of the support structure makes it difficult to meet the construction requirements under complex geological conditions. Therefore, we propose a tunnel shield excavation construction method and equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, adapt to practical needs, and provide a tunnel shield excavation construction method and equipment to solve the technical problems of the current excavation support form having a single structural shape, poor structural stress distribution, and limited support quality.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for tunnel shield excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Install vacuum tubes: At the tunnel face of soft soil and soft rock strata, install several vacuum tubes into the rock and soil to be excavated. A vacuum pump is used to form a pressure relief and vacuum system. The vacuum tubes are divided into horizontal tubes and several inclined tubes. The inclined tubes are arranged in a hexagonal pattern around the horizontal tubes, and the hexagons are arranged in an arch shape.

[0009] S2. Seal the soil to be excavated: Spray sealing material on the working face to seal the soil to be excavated and ensure that the soil to be excavated is in an airtight state.

[0010] S3. Vacuum consolidation of soil: Vacuum consolidation is performed on the soil and rock to be excavated to increase the effective stress and strength of the soil and rock to be excavated until it becomes excavable.

[0011] S4. Honeycomb Excavation Support: Based on the tunnel arch profile, an arch structure composed of several hexagonal honeycomb holes is planned, and excavation is carried out through deformable excavation components. After each hexagonal hole is excavated, a hexagonal support frame is installed on the inner wall of the hole and fixed to the rock and soil. Then, several frames are connected to form a preliminary honeycomb support structure.

[0012] S5. Construct a support system: Steel supports, shotcrete or precast concrete segments are arranged in the honeycomb-shaped arched trench to support the surrounding rock. Micro piles need to be driven at the arch foot of soft rock or soft soil to support the steel supports or segment arch. The steel supports and micro piles form a support system.

[0013] S6. Complete permanent support: After the shield support is completed, the remaining soil can be excavated, and a modified waterproof coating can be sprayed on the surface of the support shell as a waterproof layer for the permanent support.

[0014] A tunnel shield excavation construction device includes a deformable excavation component, the deformable excavation component including a blast head and a cutting plate, the deformable excavation component having a drilling state and a cutting state;

[0015] When the deformable tunneling assembly is in the drilling state, the cutting plate opens and the blast head extends to drill a circular hole on the tunnel face.

[0016] When the deformable tunneling assembly is in the cutting state, the cutting plates close together, and several cutting plates form a hexagonal prism structure. The hexagonal prism structure extends out to cut inside the holes drilled at the tunnel face, thereby forming hexagonal holes.

[0017] Preferably, the gun head is connected to an adjustable drive structure, the adjustable drive structure including a first rotary drive part, a first linear drive part, and a connecting column;

[0018] The first linear drive unit is installed at the output end of the first rotary drive unit, and the connecting post is installed at the output end of the first linear drive unit and connected to the gun head.

[0019] Preferably, when the output end of the first linear drive unit is in the starting position, the connecting column drives the gun head to rotate along the axis of the first rotary drive unit;

[0020] When the output end of the first linear drive unit is at the end position, the connecting column drives the hexagonal prism structure to rotate along the eccentric axis of the first rotary drive unit.

[0021] Preferably, the cutting plate is connected to a cutting unfolding structure, which includes a cylinder, a second linear drive unit, a push block, a slide rail, a slider, a push rod, a telescopic rod, and a slide groove.

[0022] The cylinder is slidably connected to the connecting column. The second linear drive unit is installed inside the cylinder. The push block is installed at the output end of the second linear drive unit. The side wall of the push block is provided with several inclined surfaces, and several inclined slide rails are respectively installed on several inclined surfaces. Several sliders are slidably connected to several slide rails. Several push rods are respectively installed on several sliders. Several push rods are respectively connected to several cutting plates.

[0023] Preferably, several telescopic rods are respectively installed on several push rods, and several telescopic rods are respectively connected to the cylinder body. Several sliding grooves are all opened at one end of the cylinder body, and several push rods slide in several sliding grooves respectively.

[0024] Preferably, when the push block is in the initial position, the push rod drives the cutting plates to close together to form a hexagonal prism structure;

[0025] When the push block is at the end position, the push rod drives the cutting plate to unfold, and the unfolded structure is used to move through the gun head on the connecting column.

[0026] Preferably, the cylinder is connected to a cutting and storage structure, which includes a second rotary drive unit, a screw, a positioning plate, and a positioning guide rod.

[0027] The second rotary drive unit is installed inside the cylinder. One end of the screw is installed at the output end of the second rotary drive unit, and the other end of the screw is threaded to the positioning plate. The positioning plate is installed on the connecting column, and the positioning guide rod is slidably connected between the positioning plate and the cylinder.

[0028] Preferably, a sealing structure is connected inside the cylinder, the sealing structure including a third linear drive unit, a collar, a connecting cable, a sealing plate, and a hinge;

[0029] The third linear drive unit is installed inside the cylinder, the collar is installed at the output end of the third linear drive unit and is slidably connected to the connecting column, one end of each of the connecting cables is installed on the collar, the sealing plates are respectively connected to the other end of the connecting cables, and the sealing plates are respectively connected to the cutting plates through the hinges.

[0030] Preferably, the front end of the cutting plate is provided as a slag guiding surface, and the front end of the slag guiding surface is inclined towards the inner side of the gun head. The outer side of the sealing plate is provided as a slag separating surface, and the slag separating surface is inclined towards the outer side of the gun head. A slag breaking strip is provided in the middle of the slag separating surface. The slag breaking strip is provided as an inclined structure along the slag separating surface. When the sealing plate is closed, a plurality of the slag breaking strips form a radial structure.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. This invention utilizes an innovative construction process. The horizontal and upward-sloping vacuum tubes are arranged in a hexagonal and arched combination, maximizing the diffusion range of vacuum pressure and ensuring uniform stress on the soil and rock mass in the excavation area. The large-diameter drainage holes at the lower part of the working face and the vacuum tubes with openings on the side walls work together to quickly drain groundwater and reduce pore pressure, while also adsorbing soil particles through vacuum negative pressure, accelerating soil consolidation. A honeycomb excavation support is employed, utilizing the mechanical advantages of the hexagonal holes and framework. Each hexagonal frame acts as an independent load-bearing unit, supporting each other during excavation and controlling soil deformation to a minimal extent. This invention, through improved construction technology and the use of a honeycomb-shaped and arched support structure, leverages the mechanical advantages of the structure, allowing each hexagonal frame to act as an independent load-bearing unit, further optimizing the structural strength of the support.

[0033] 2. This invention utilizes a deformable tunneling component design. In drilling mode, the cutting plate is open, providing working space for the blast head. The blast head, with its powerful impact, quickly drills a circular hole at the tunnel face, laying the foundation for subsequent hexagonal excavation. When switching to cutting mode, the cutting plate rapidly closes to form a hexagonal prism structure. This hexagonal prism structure cuts deeper into the pre-drilled circular hole, and through the coordinated motion of rotation and propulsion, the circular hole wall is shaped into a hexagon, meeting the design requirements of honeycomb excavation support. This invention, using a deformable tunneling component, allows for the transition between two operating modes without equipment replacement, effectively shortening the construction cycle and reducing equipment investment costs.

[0034] 3. This invention, through the design of a cutting and storage structure, incorporates a second rotary drive unit installed within the cylinder. The screw and positioning plate are threaded together, converting rotational motion into axial movement of the cylinder along the connecting column. When the cutting plate needs to be stored, the second rotary drive unit rotates the screw, and under the guidance of the positioning guide rod, the cylinder slides away from the gun head along the connecting column. This allows the unfolded cutting plate to be retracted into the rear of the gun head, preventing damage to the exposed structure during equipment movement or non-operational states. The fixed connection between the positioning plate and the connecting column ensures the accuracy of the cylinder's movement during screw rotation, while the positioning guide rod, through a sliding connection, limits the radial displacement of the cylinder, preventing skew during movement. This invention, through its cutting and storage structure, achieves the storage and release of the cutting plate, protecting it when not in use and preventing damage during gun head operation.

[0035] 4. This invention employs a sealing structure. A third linear drive unit is installed inside the cylinder, and its output end is connected to a collar that slides along the connecting column. Six connecting cables form a linkage mechanism with the sealing plates. When the cutting plate needs to be stored, the third linear drive unit pushes the collar away from the blast head, tightening the connecting cables. This causes the six sealing plates to flip synchronously via hinges until they completely cover the outer surface of the cutting plate, forming a sealed protective layer. This design effectively prevents dust and mud impurities generated during tunnel construction from entering the moving joints and tool structure of the cutting plate, avoiding mechanical jamming or wear caused by particle accumulation. When switching to cutting mode, the third linear drive unit moves the collar in the opposite direction, loosening the connecting cables. The sealing plates are pushed as they pass the blast head and automatically flip open under the elastic action of the hinges. This invention, through its sealing structure, prevents impurities from entering the gaps between the cutting plate and the blast head, avoiding mechanical jamming or wear caused by particle accumulation.

[0036] 5. This invention designs a cutting plate and a sealing plate. The cutting plate's guide surface at the front end is inclined towards the inside of the blast head. This design allows the rock debris generated during cutting to naturally gather towards the center of the blast head under centrifugal force, facilitating centralized discharge. The inclination angle of the guide surface is optimized through fluid dynamics, reducing discharge resistance and effectively preventing increased tool wear and decreased tunneling efficiency caused by rock debris accumulation in the cutting area. The outer cutting surface of the sealing plate is inclined towards the outside of the blast head, forming a complementary discharge channel with the guide surface. When the sealing plate is closed, the six cutting surfaces allow rock debris to be smoothly discharged from the outside of the blast head. The breaking strips in the middle of the cutting surfaces are inclined, forming a radial structure when the sealing plate is closed. This layout effectively breaks large pieces of rock debris into smaller pieces, reducing the difficulty of discharge. This invention, through the cutting plate and sealing plate, forms a dual structure of discharge channel and breaking structure, preventing rock debris accumulation in the cutting area when the cutting plate enters, thus improving tunneling efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the vacuum flower tube of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a construction diagram of the working face of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the deformable tunneling component and its drive vehicle body of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deformable tunneling component of the present invention with the cutting plates closing outside the blast head;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the deformable tunneling component of the present invention with the cutting plates assembled behind the blast head;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the deformable tunneling component of the present invention when the cutting plates are unfolded;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the deformable tunneling component of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting and unfolding structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the cutting and unfolding structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting and storage structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the present invention.

[0048] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0049] 1. Deformable tunneling components; 2. Adjustable drive structure; 3. Cutting deployment structure; 4. Cutting storage structure; 5. Sealing structure;

[0050] 101. Gun head; 102. Cutting plate; 103. Slag guide surface;

[0051] 201. First rotary drive unit; 202. First linear drive unit; 203. Connecting column;

[0052] 301. Cylinder body; 302. Second linear drive unit; 303. Push block; 304. Slide rail; 305. Slider; 306. Push rod; 307. Telescopic rod; 308. Slide groove;

[0053] 401. Second rotary drive unit; 402. Screw; 403. Positioning plate; 404. Positioning guide rod;

[0054] 501. Third linear drive unit; 502. Collar; 503. Connecting cable; 504. Sealing plate; 505. Hinge;

[0055] 5041, slag separation surface; 5042, slag breaking strip. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Example 1, as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention relates to a tunnel shield excavation construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1. Install vacuum tubes: At the tunnel face of soft soil and soft rock strata, install several vacuum tubes into the rock and soil to be excavated. A vacuum pump is used to form a pressure relief and vacuum system. The vacuum tubes are divided into horizontal tubes and several inclined tubes. The inclined tubes are arranged in a hexagonal pattern around the horizontal tubes, and the hexagons are arranged in an arch shape.

[0058] Larger diameter drainage holes are drilled at the lower part of the working face to effectively reduce the pore pressure in water-rich strata, increase the effective stress of the soil, and thus improve the soil strength; the side wall openings of the vacuum tube are used to apply vacuum to the surrounding rock and soil. Horizontal and inclined vacuum tubes can be in two forms: sealed at the front and perforated at the back, or perforated in all directions.

[0059] S2. Seal the soil to be excavated: Spray sealing material on the working face to seal the soil to be excavated and ensure that the soil to be excavated is in an airtight state.

[0060] The gelling material can be one or more modified polyurethane, acrylic, or chloropolyvinyl chloride waterproof emulsions, and must have the functions of rapid setting, water-stopping, and airtightness in damp or water-filled conditions.

[0061] S3. Vacuum consolidation of soil: Vacuum consolidation is performed on the soil and rock to be excavated to increase the effective stress and strength of the soil and rock to be excavated until it becomes excavable.

[0062] Vacuum consolidation is performed on the rock and soil to be excavated to increase the effective stress and strength of the rock and soil to be excavated to the excavation limit. The vacuum degree during the vacuuming process can be -20 to -80 kPa, and the vacuuming time can be 2-12 hours, which needs to be determined according to the engineering characteristics of the rock and soil.

[0063] S4. Honeycomb Excavation Support: Based on the tunnel arch profile, an arch structure composed of several hexagonal honeycomb holes is planned, and excavation is carried out through deformable excavation component 1. After each hexagonal hole is excavated, a hexagonal support frame is installed on the inner wall of the hole and fixed to the rock and soil. Then, several frames are connected to form a preliminary honeycomb support structure.

[0064] S5. Construct a support system: Steel supports, shotcrete or precast concrete segments are arranged in the honeycomb-shaped arched trench to support the surrounding rock. Micro piles need to be driven at the arch foot of soft rock or soft soil to support the steel supports or segment arch. The steel supports and micro piles form a support system.

[0065] S6. Complete permanent support: After the shield support is completed, the remaining soil can be excavated, and a modified waterproof coating can be sprayed on the surface of the support shell as a waterproof layer for the permanent support.

[0066] This invention employs an innovative construction process. The horizontal and upward-sloping vacuum tubes are arranged in a hexagonal, arched combination, maximizing the diffusion range of vacuum pressure and ensuring uniform stress on the soil and rock mass in the excavation area. The large-diameter drainage holes at the lower part of the working face and the vacuum tubes with openings on the side walls work together to quickly drain groundwater and reduce pore pressure, while also using vacuum negative pressure to adsorb soil particles and accelerate soil consolidation. A honeycomb excavation support system is used, with hexagonal holes and a framework utilizing the mechanical advantages of geometric structures. Each hexagonal frame acts as an independent load-bearing unit, supporting each other during excavation and controlling soil deformation to a minimal extent. This invention, through an improved construction process and a honeycomb-shaped, arched support structure, leverages the mechanical advantages of the structure, allowing each hexagonal frame to act as an independent load-bearing unit, further optimizing the structural strength of the support.

[0067] This invention utilizes the soil arching effect to form a composite shield with the support structure, significantly improving the stability of the surrounding rock and soil in tunnels, enabling full-face excavation, low overall energy consumption, and high safety and reliability. In soft rock or soft soil, drainage pipes and vacuum pipes can reduce the pore pressure in water-rich weak layers. Based on the effective stress principle and shear strength theory, the effective stress of the soil will increase, and the effective shear strength—a crucial indicator controlling the surrounding rock and soil—will increase accordingly, fully utilizing the inherent mechanical properties of the surrounding rock and soil. Furthermore, because the vacuum has a large transmission range within the soil, the aforementioned reinforcement effect... The reinforcement effect is greater because it acts on the entire surrounding rock and soil mass, whereas traditional grouting, pipe roofing, and anchor bolt techniques can only reinforce a portion of the soil. After reinforcement of soft rock or soil, a soil arch effect can be formed above and in front of the tunnel face. The upper soil arch reduces the pressure acting on the tunnel, significantly reducing tunnel settlement and dispersing stress through its hexagonal structure. The front soil arch reduces the pressure acting on the tunnel face, significantly reducing horizontal earth pressure. This results in less external force on the surrounding rock and soil mass, promoting stability and making tunnel deformation more controllable and smaller. The excavated trench reduces the amount of excavation required without support, accelerating construction speed; it also provides space for segment support and micropiles. The soil arch effect and steel-supported shotcrete or segment support can form a shield, jointly increasing the stability of the surrounding rock and soil mass, thereby reducing construction costs. The tunnel face can be sealed with a sprayed sealing cementitious waterproofing material, keeping the soil to be excavated in front of the tunnel face in a sealed state, thus ensuring a vacuum effect. Due to the soil arching effect, the horizontal earth pressure at the tunnel face is relatively small, allowing for full-section excavation and higher construction efficiency. Micropiles are placed at the arch foot of the tunnel segments to effectively reduce uneven settlement and stability of the support system. This invention utilizes tunnel excavation waste to prepare concrete segments and micropiles, making full use of the waste soil and eliminating the need to transport sand and concrete, thus reducing waste disposal costs and allowing for on-site utilization, saving resources. Compared to grouting, this technology does not involve large-scale grouting and uses less high-carbon-emission cementitious materials; compared to pipe roof and anchor reinforcement, this technology does not use any steel, and both drainage pipes and vacuum pipes can be reused.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the present invention relates to a tunnel shield excavation construction equipment, including a deformable excavation component 1. The deformable excavation component 1 includes a drill head 101 and cutting plates 102. The deformable excavation component 1 has a drilling state and a cutting state. When the deformable excavation component 1 is in the drilling state, the cutting plates 102 are opened, and the drill head 101 extends to drill a circular hole on the tunnel face. When the deformable excavation component 1 is in the cutting state, the cutting plates 102 are closed, and the six cutting plates 102 form a hexagonal prism structure. The hexagonal prism structure extends to cut inside the hole drilled on the tunnel face, thereby forming a hexagonal hole.

[0069] The deformable tunneling component 1 is mounted on the matching drive vehicle body.

[0070] This invention utilizes the design of a deformable tunneling component 1. In the drilling state, the cutting plate 102 is open, providing working space for the drill head 101. The drill head 101, with its powerful impact, quickly drills a circular hole at the tunnel face, laying the foundation for subsequent hexagonal excavation. When switching to the cutting state, the cutting plate 102 rapidly closes to form a hexagonal prism structure. This hexagonal prism structure cuts deeper along the pre-drilled circular hole, and through the coordinated motion of rotation and propulsion, shapes the circular hole wall into a hexagon, meeting the design requirements of honeycomb excavation support. This invention, using the deformable tunneling component 1, allows for construction without equipment changes, enabling the transition between two operating modes, effectively shortening the construction cycle and reducing equipment investment costs.

[0071] It is worth noting that, such as Figures 3 to 9 As shown, the gun head 101 of the present invention is connected to an adjustable drive structure 2. The adjustable drive structure 2 includes a first rotary drive unit 201, a first linear drive unit 202, and a connecting post 203. The first linear drive unit 202 is installed at the output end of the first rotary drive unit 201, and the connecting post 203 is installed at the output end of the first linear drive unit 202. The connecting post 203 is connected to the gun head 101.

[0072] When the output end of the first linear drive unit 202 is in the starting position, the connecting column 203 drives the gun head 101 to rotate along the axis of the first rotary drive unit 201; when the output end of the first linear drive unit 202 is in the ending position, the connecting column 203 drives the hexagonal prism structure to rotate along the eccentric axis of the first rotary drive unit 201.

[0073] The cutting plate 102 is connected to the cutting unfolding structure 3, which includes a cylinder 301, a second linear drive unit 302, a push block 303, a slide rail 304, a slider 305, a push rod 306, a telescopic rod 307, and a slide groove 308. The cylinder 301 is slidably connected to the connecting column 203. The second linear drive unit 302 is installed inside the cylinder 301. The push block 303 is installed at the output end of the second linear drive unit 302. The side wall of the push block 303 is provided with six inclined surfaces, and six inclined slide rails 304 are respectively installed on the six inclined surfaces. Six sliders 305 are respectively slidably connected to the six slide rails 304. Six push rods 306 are respectively installed on the six sliders 305. The six push rods 306 are respectively connected to the six cutting plates 102.

[0074] Six telescopic rods 307 are respectively installed on six push rods 306, and the six telescopic rods 307 are respectively connected to the cylinder 301. Six sliding grooves 308 are all opened at one end of the cylinder 301, and the six push rods 306 slide in the six sliding grooves 308 respectively.

[0075] When the push block 303 is in the starting position, the push rod 306 drives the cutting plate 102 to close and form a hexagonal prism structure; when the push block 303 is in the ending position, the push rod 306 drives the cutting plate 102 to unfold, and the unfolded structure is used to move on the connecting column 203 through the gun head 101.

[0076] This invention utilizes an adjustable drive structure 2 and a cutting unfolding structure 3. In the adjustable drive structure 2, when the first linear drive unit 202 is in the initial position, the connecting column 203 drives the drill head 101 to rotate along the axis, causing the drill head 101 to drill a precise circular hole on the tunnel face with a stable central rotation trajectory. When the first linear drive unit 202 pushes the connecting column 203 to the end position, the eccentric shaft rotation mode is activated, causing the hexagonal prism structure to become eccentric during cutting, enhancing cutting efficiency and the ability to break up complex rock and soil. The second linear drive unit 3... The pusher block 303 is driven to move. The inclined surface of the side wall of the pusher block 303 cooperates with the slide rail 304 to convert linear motion into radial sliding of six sliders 305. When the pusher block 303 is in the starting position, the sliders 305 drive the push rod 306 to retract, so that the cutting plate 102 is tightly closed to form a hexagonal prism structure for cutting hexagonal holes. When the pusher block 303 moves to the end position, the sliders 305 push the push rod 306 to extend, the cutting plate 102 opens and can pass through the blast head 101, making room for the blast head 101 to drill holes. This invention, through the coordinated work of the two adjustable drive structures 2 and the cutting unfolding structure 3, enables the deformable tunneling component 1 to significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of tunnel shield tunneling construction according to construction needs.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figures 4 to 10 As shown, the cylinder 301 of the present invention is connected to a cutting and storage structure 4. The cutting and storage structure 4 includes a second rotary drive unit 401, a screw 402, a positioning plate 403, and a positioning guide rod 404. The second rotary drive unit 401 is installed inside the cylinder 301. One end of the screw 402 is installed at the output end of the second rotary drive unit 401, and the other end of the screw 402 is threadedly connected to the positioning plate 403. The positioning plate 403 is installed on the connecting post 203, and the positioning guide rod 404 is slidably connected between the positioning plate 403 and the cylinder 301.

[0078] This invention designs a cutting and storage structure 4. A second rotary drive unit 401 is installed inside the cylinder 301. Through the threaded engagement of the screw 402 and the positioning plate 403, the rotational motion is converted into the axial movement of the cylinder 301 along the connecting column 203. When it is necessary to store the cutting plate 102, the second rotary drive unit 401 drives the screw 402 to rotate. Under the guidance of the positioning guide rod 404, the cylinder 301 slides along the connecting column 203 away from the gun head 101, so that the unfolded cutting plate 102 can be stored in the rear of the gun head 101, avoiding damage to the exposed structure from collisions when the equipment is moving or not in operation. The fixed connection between the positioning plate 403 and the connecting column 203 ensures the movement accuracy of the cylinder 301 when the screw 402 rotates, while the positioning guide rod 404 limits the radial displacement of the cylinder 301 through a sliding connection, preventing it from deviating during movement. The present invention realizes the storage and release of the cutting plate 102 through the cutting storage structure 4, and protects the cutting plate 102 when it is not in use, so as to avoid damage to the cutting plate 102 during the use of the gun head 101.

[0079] Furthermore, such as Figures 3 to 11 As shown, the cylinder 301 involved in this invention is connected to a sealing structure 5. The sealing structure 5 includes a third linear drive unit 501, a collar 502, connecting cables 503, sealing plates 504, and hinges 505. The third linear drive unit 501 is installed inside the cylinder 301. The collar 502 is installed at the output end of the third linear drive unit 501 and is slidably connected to the connecting post 203. One end of each of the six connecting cables 503 is installed on the collar 502. The six sealing plates 504 are respectively connected to the other end of the six connecting cables 503. The six sealing plates 504 are respectively connected to the six cutting plates 102 through the six hinges 505.

[0080] This invention utilizes a sealing structure 5. A third linear drive unit 501 is installed inside the cylinder 301. A collar 502 connected to its output end can slide along the connecting post 203. Six connecting cables 503 and sealing plates 504 form a linkage mechanism. When the cutting plate 102 needs to be stored, the third linear drive unit 501 pushes the collar 502 away from the blast head 101, tightening the connecting cables 503. The hinges 505 then cause the six sealing plates 504 to flip synchronously until they completely cover the outer surface of the cutting plate 102, forming a sealed protective layer. This design effectively prevents dust and mud impurities generated during tunnel construction from entering the moving joints and tool structure of the cutting plate 102, avoiding mechanical jamming or wear caused by particle accumulation. When switching to the cutting state, the third linear drive unit 501 drives the collar 502 to move in the opposite direction, loosening the connecting cables 503. The sealing plates 504 are pushed as they pass the blast head 101 and automatically flip open under the elastic action of the hinges 505. The present invention, through the sealing structure 5, can prevent impurities from entering the gap between the cutting plate 102 and the gun head 101, and avoid particle accumulation that could lead to mechanical jamming or wear.

[0081] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 As shown, the cutting plate 102 of the present invention has a slag guiding surface 103 at its front end, and the front end of the slag guiding surface 103 is inclined toward the inner side of the gun head 101. The outer side of the sealing plate 504 is a slag separating surface 5041, which is inclined toward the outer side of the gun head 101. A slag breaking strip 5042 is provided in the middle of the slag separating surface 5041. The slag breaking strip 5042 is inclined along the slag separating surface 5041. When the sealing plate 504 is closed, the six slag breaking strips 5042 form a radial structure.

[0082] This invention designs a cutting plate 102 and a sealing plate 504. The cutting plate 102 has a cutting guide surface 103 at its front end that is inclined toward the inside of the blast head 101. This design allows the rock debris generated during the cutting process to naturally gather toward the center of the blast head 101 under centrifugal force, facilitating centralized discharge. The inclination angle of the cutting guide surface 103 is optimized by fluid dynamics, which can reduce the resistance to slag discharge and effectively avoid the accumulation of rock debris in the cutting area, which would lead to increased tool wear and reduced tunneling efficiency. The cutting surface 5041 on the outside of the sealing plate 504 is inclined toward the outside of the blast head 101, forming a complementary slag discharge channel with the cutting guide surface 103. When the sealing plate 504 is closed, the six cutting surfaces 5041 allow the rock debris to be smoothly discharged from the outside of the blast head 101. The slag breaking strip 5042 in the middle of the cutting surface 5041 is designed with an inclination, forming a radial structure when the sealing plate 504 is closed. This layout can effectively divide large pieces of rock debris into smaller pieces, reducing the difficulty of slag discharge. The present invention forms a dual structure of slag discharge channel and slag breaking structure by using cutting plate 102 and sealing plate 504, which avoids the accumulation of rock debris in the cutting area when the cutting plate enters, thereby improving tunneling efficiency.

[0083] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for tunnel shield excavation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Install vacuum tubes: At the tunnel face of soft soil and soft rock strata, install several vacuum tubes into the rock and soil to be excavated. A vacuum pump is used to form a pressure relief and vacuum system. The vacuum tubes are divided into horizontal tubes and several inclined tubes. The inclined tubes are arranged in a hexagonal pattern around the horizontal tubes, and the hexagons are arranged in an arch shape. S2. Seal the soil to be excavated: Spray sealing material on the working face to seal the soil to be excavated and ensure that the soil to be excavated is in an airtight state. S3. Vacuum consolidation of soil: Vacuum consolidation and reinforcement of the soil and rock to be excavated, so as to increase the effective stress and strength of the soil and rock to be excavated until it becomes excavable. S4. Honeycomb excavation support: Based on the tunnel arch profile, an arch structure composed of several hexagonal honeycomb holes is planned and excavated by deformable excavation components (1). After each hexagonal hole is excavated, a hexagonal support frame is installed on the inner wall of the hole and fixed to the rock and soil. Then, several frames are connected to form a preliminary honeycomb support structure. S5. Construct a support system: Steel supports, shotcrete or precast concrete segments are arranged in the honeycomb-shaped arched trench to support the surrounding rock. Micro piles need to be driven at the arch foot of soft rock or soft soil to support the steel supports or segment arch. The steel supports and micro piles form a support system. S6. Complete permanent support: After the shield support is completed, the remaining soil can be excavated, and a modified waterproof coating can be sprayed on the surface of the support shell as a waterproof layer for the permanent support.

2. A tunnel shield excavation construction equipment, applicable to the tunnel shield excavation construction method described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a deformable tunneling assembly (1), which includes a blast head (101) and a cutting plate (102). The deformable tunneling assembly (1) has a drilling state and a cutting state. When the deformable tunneling assembly (1) is in the drilling state, the cutting plate (102) opens and the blast head (101) extends to drill a circular hole on the tunnel face; When the deformable tunneling component (1) is in the cutting state, the cutting plates (102) close together, and several cutting plates (102) form a hexagonal prism structure. The hexagonal prism structure extends out to cut inside the hole drilled at the tunnel face, thereby forming a hexagonal hole.

3. The tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gun head (101) is connected to an adjustable drive structure (2), which includes a first rotary drive unit (201), a first linear drive unit (202), and a connecting column (203). The first linear drive unit (202) is installed at the output end of the first rotary drive unit (201), and the connecting post (203) is installed at the output end of the first linear drive unit (202). The connecting post (203) is connected to the gun head (101).

4. The tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the output end of the first linear drive unit (202) is in the starting position, the connecting column (203) drives the gun head (101) to rotate along the axis of the first rotary drive unit (201); When the output end of the first linear drive unit (202) is at the end position, the connecting column (203) drives the hexagonal prism structure to rotate along the eccentric axis of the first rotary drive unit (201).

5. A tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cutting plate (102) is connected to a cutting unfolding structure (3), which includes a cylinder (301), a second linear drive unit (302), a push block (303), a slide rail (304), a slider (305), a push rod (306), a telescopic rod (307), and a slide groove (308). The cylinder (301) is slidably connected to the connecting column (203). The second linear drive unit (302) is installed inside the cylinder (301). The push block (303) is installed at the output end of the second linear drive unit (302). The side wall of the push block (303) is provided with several inclined surfaces, and several inclined slide rails (304) are respectively installed on several inclined surfaces. Several sliders (305) are slidably connected to several slide rails (304). Several push rods (306) are respectively installed on several sliders (305). Several push rods (306) are respectively connected to several cutting plates (102).

6. The tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Several telescopic rods (307) are respectively installed on several push rods (306), and several telescopic rods (307) are respectively connected to the cylinder (301). Several sliding grooves (308) are all opened at one end of the cylinder (301), and several push rods (306) slide in several sliding grooves (308).

7. The tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the push block (303) is in the starting position, the push rod (306) drives the cutting plate (102) to close together to form a hexagonal prism structure; When the push block (303) is at the end position, the push rod (306) drives the cutting plate (102) to unfold, and the unfolded structure is used to move on the connecting column (203) through the gun head (101).

8. A tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cylinder (301) is connected to a cutting and storage structure (4), which includes a second rotary drive unit (401), a screw (402), a positioning plate (403), and a positioning guide rod (404). The second rotary drive unit (401) is installed inside the cylinder (301). One end of the screw (402) is installed at the output end of the second rotary drive unit (401), and the other end of the screw (402) is threadedly connected to the positioning plate (403). The positioning plate (403) is installed on the connecting column (203), and the positioning guide rod (404) is slidably connected between the positioning plate (403) and the cylinder (301).

9. A tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cylinder (301) is connected to a sealing structure (5), which includes a third linear drive unit (501), a collar (502), a connecting cable (503), a sealing plate (504), and a hinge (505). The third linear drive unit (501) is installed inside the cylinder (301), the collar (502) is installed at the output end of the third linear drive unit (501), and the collar (502) is slidably connected to the connecting column (203). One end of each of the connecting cables (503) is installed on the collar (502), and the sealing plates (504) are respectively connected to the other end of the connecting cables (503). The sealing plates (504) are respectively connected to the cutting plates (102) through the hinges (505).

10. A tunnel shield excavation equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The front end of the cutting plate (102) is set as a slag guiding surface (103), and the front end of the slag guiding surface (103) is inclined towards the inside of the gun head (101). The outer side of the sealing plate (504) is set as a slag separating surface (5041), and the slag separating surface (5041) is inclined towards the outside of the gun head (101). The middle part of the slag separating surface (5041) is provided with a slag breaking strip (5042), and the slag breaking strip (5042) is set as an inclined structure along the slag separating surface (5041). When the sealing plate (504) is closed, a number of the slag breaking strips (5042) form a radial structure.

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