TBM tunnel pulse jet assisted rock breaking device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a TBM tunnel pulse jet flow auxiliary rock breaking device and method.The TBM tunnel pulse jet flow auxiliary rock breaking device comprises a pulse jet flow generation mechanism and a jet flow supply module, the pulse jet flow generation mechanism is embedded in a cutter head and comprises a nozzle, a cut-off disc, a gear type hydraulic motor and a drainage hole, the cut-off disc is located in front of the nozzle, and the gear type hydraulic motor is located in front of the jet flow supply module; the middle of the cut-off disc is connected with an output shaft of the gear type hydraulic motor, a plurality of notches are formed in the outer edge of the cut-off disc, the drainage hole is located in the cutter disc and connected with a liquid outlet of the gear type hydraulic motor, and the jet flow supply module supplies water flow to the nozzle and the gear type hydraulic motor. During use, the nozzle sprays out cut-off type pulse water jet under the intermittent blocking effect of the rotating cut-off disc, and fluid is discharged from the drainage holes to wash and cool the hob. According to the structure characteristic that the extremely-hard rock is resistant to pressure and not resistant to tension, the strong water hammer effect is generated on the surface of the extremely-hard rock so as to impact and damage the rock body, the tunneling capacity of the TBM tunneling the extremely-hard rock is greatly improved, and tunneling energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of TBM tunnel assisted rock breaking technology, and more specifically, to a device and method for TBM tunnel pulse jet assisted rock breaking. Background Technology

[0002] Tunneling through mountains or hills to shorten distances and avoid steep gradients is called a mountain tunnel, which is mainly distributed in areas with complex geological conditions. In recent years, hard rock tunneling has become a major challenge in the construction of deep-buried mountain tunnels. Hard rock masses generally possess characteristics such as high compressive strength, strong abrasion resistance, and good integrity. Under the influence of factors such as high ground stress and high ground temperature at depth, rock bursts and collapses occur frequently, resulting in low tunneling efficiency at the tunnel face and severely affecting the tunneling speed of TBM tunnels. Therefore, research on safe and efficient TBM tunneling technology for hard rock tunnels is urgently needed. Currently, hard rock tunneling mainly employs the drill-and-blast method and the tunnel boring machine (TBM) method. While the drill-and-blast method is simple and economical, it suffers from large over-excavation, poor safety, numerous procedures, and low tunneling efficiency, limiting its application in hard rock tunneling. The TBM method mainly uses roller cutters for rock breaking. Studies have shown that when the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock exceeds 150 MPa, the roller cutter rock breaking method suffers from high energy consumption, severe roller wear and high consumption, and low rock breaking efficiency. From an economic cost perspective, the tunneling capacity of TBM tunnels in hard rock roadways urgently needs to be improved, and tunneling losses urgently need to be reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to propose a device for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, which can solve the technical problems of the urgent need to improve the tunneling capacity of TBM tunnel hard rock roadways and the urgent need to reduce tunneling losses. The purpose of this invention is also to propose a method for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, which can solve the technical problems of the urgent need to improve the tunneling capacity of TBM tunnel hard rock roadways and the urgent need to reduce tunneling losses. This invention provides the following technical solution: A device includes a pulse jet generating mechanism and a jet supply module. The pulse jet generating mechanism is embedded in a cutter head and includes a nozzle, a cutting disc, a geared hydraulic motor, and a drain hole. The nozzle faces forward, and the cutting disc is located in front of the nozzle. The middle of the cutting disc is connected to the output shaft of the geared hydraulic motor. The outer edge of the cutting disc has multiple notches, and there are barriers between adjacent notches. The axis of the nozzle intersects perpendicularly with the rotation path formed by the notches and barriers on the outer edge of the cutting disc when they rotate. The drain hole is located on the cutter head and connected to the outlet of the geared hydraulic motor. The jet supply module is used to supply water to the nozzle and the geared hydraulic motor. In use, the nozzle sprays a cut-off pulse water jet under the intermittent blocking action of the rotating cutting disc, and the fluid discharged from the drain hole washes and cools the cutter head.

[0004] Furthermore, the jet supply module includes a water tank, a water pump, a safety valve, and a check valve. The water tank is used to store water, the water pump is used to pump water from the water tank, the check valve is located behind the water pump, and the pipeline on the outlet side of the water pump is connected to the water tank through the safety valve. The jet supply module is connected to the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor through a rotary device.

[0005] Furthermore, multiple pulse jet generating mechanisms are provided.

[0006] Furthermore, the drain hole is located on the cutter head where the hobbing cutter is installed.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotary head supplies water to the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor through the nozzle branch and the motor branch, respectively, and the nozzle branch and the motor branch are respectively equipped with nozzle control valve and motor control valve.

[0008] Furthermore, the cut-off disc and the output shaft of the hydraulic gear motor are movably connected and the connection position is adjustable.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a device for TBM tunneling with pulse jet-assisted rock breaking. It utilizes a pulse jet generator embedded in the cutterhead to spray a truncated pulsed water jet. Taking advantage of the compressive but not tensile strength of extremely hard rock, it generates a strong water hammer effect on the surface of the rock, thereby impacting and breaking the rock mass. This significantly improves the TBM's tunneling capacity in extremely hard rock. The process produces no residue other than wastewater, making it environmentally friendly. The pulse jet generator uses a gear-type hydraulic motor to drive the nozzle rotation. Both the gear-type hydraulic motor and the nozzle are supplied with fluid by the jet supply module. This simplifies the power supply system configuration while achieving nozzle rotation. Furthermore, the gear-type hydraulic motor... The hydraulic pump of the wheel can also drain into the working face through the drain hole, achieving additional effects such as cooling the cutter head, softening hard rock, and reducing dust. Multiple pulse jet generating mechanisms are installed on the cutter head; the truncated pulsed water jets sprayed during the cutter head's rotation have a powerful water hammer impact capability, enhancing the ability to preemptively destroy extremely hard rock. The drain hole is located at the cutter head where the cutter head is positioned, improving the cooling effect of the drain hole on the cutter head and extending its service life by reducing wear. Furthermore, this invention is an optimization based on existing TBM equipment, featuring a clever structure, ease of modification to existing TBM equipment, convenient operation, and economic practicality.

[0010] The present invention also provides the following technical solutions: A method for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, implemented based on a TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking device provided by the present invention, includes the following steps: S1. Install a pulse jet generator on the cutter head; S2. When the cutterhead encounters extremely hard rock during excavation, making it difficult for the cutterhead to penetrate, the jet supply module is activated, and the nozzle sprays jets outward. The cutterhead is driven to rotate by a gear-type hydraulic motor. The high-pressure jets sprayed from the nozzles are converted into cut-off pulse water jets under the action of the cutterhead. The cut-off pulse water jets impact the rock mass to form impact pits. The water discharged by the gear-type hydraulic motor enters the working face through the drainage hole to cool the cutterhead, soften the hard rock, and reduce dust. S3. During the rotation of the cutterhead, the truncated pulsed water jet forms multiple impact pits on the rock surface, causing the rock to peel off and the cutter to penetrate and cut the rock.

[0011] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, which uses a pulse jet generator embedded in the cutterhead to spray a truncated pulsed water jet. Utilizing the compressive but not tensile structural characteristics of extremely hard rock, a strong water hammer effect is generated on the surface of the extremely hard rock, thereby impacting and breaking the rock mass. This greatly improves the TBM's tunneling capacity in extremely hard rock, reduces cutterhead tunneling wear, and produces no residue other than wastewater, making it environmentally friendly. It can solve the current technical problems of the urgent need to improve the tunneling capacity of TBM tunnels in hard rock and reduce tunneling wear. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cut-off disk in a specific embodiment 1 of the TBM tunnel pulse jet assisted rock breaking device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a specific embodiment 1 of the TBM tunnel pulse jet assisted rock breaking device of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1-Cutterhead; 2-Pulse jet generator; 21-Nozzle; 211-Interrupted pulse water jet; 2111-Impact pit; 22-Interruption disc; 221-Notch; 222-Barrier; 23-Gear hydraulic motor; 24-Drain hole; 3-Roller; 4-Rock mass; 5-Rotor; 6-Water pump; 61-Check valve; 62-Safety valve; 63-Water tank. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Specific embodiment 1 of the TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking device of the present invention: like Figures 1-3As shown, the present invention includes a pulse jet generating mechanism 2 and a jet supply module. Multiple pulse jet generating mechanisms 2 are embedded in the cutter head 1 of the TBM. The pulse jet generating mechanism 2 includes a nozzle 21, a cutting disc 22, a gear-type hydraulic motor 23, and a drain hole 24. The nozzle 21 faces forward, and the cutting disc 22 is located in front of the nozzle 21. The cutting disc 22 is connected to the output shaft of the gear-type hydraulic motor 23 in the middle. Figure 2 As shown, multiple notches 221 are formed on the outer edge of the cut-off disc 22, and a baffle 222 is provided between adjacent notches 221. To ensure that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the nozzle 21 forms a cut-off pulse water jet 211 under the rotation of the cut-off disc 22, the axis of the nozzle 21 is perpendicularly intersected with the rotation path formed by the notches and baffles on the outer edge of the cut-off disc 22. The jet supply module is used to supply water to the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor. In use, the nozzle 21 ejects a cut-off pulse water jet 211 under the intermittent blocking action of the rotating cut-off disc 22. The cut-off pulse water jet impacts the rock mass 4 to form an impact pit 2111, achieving the effect of stripping the rock mass 4. In the pulse jet generating mechanism, the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor 23 are powered entirely by fluid drive, simplifying the power system equipment configuration. In addition, the cutter head 1 is provided with a drain hole 24 connected to the outlet of the gear-type hydraulic motor 23. The drain hole 24 is located on the cutter head 1 at the position where the hob 3 is set. The water discharged by the gear-type hydraulic motor 23 enters the working face through the drain hole 24, so as to achieve the effects of cooling the hob, softening hard rock and reducing dust.

[0015] The jet supply module includes a water tank 63, a water pump 6, a safety valve 62, and a check valve 61. The water tank 63 stores water, and the water pump 6 pumps the water from the tank. The check valve 61 is located behind the water pump to ensure unidirectional flow of water in the pipeline and prevent backflow. The pipeline on the outlet side of the water pump 6 is connected to the water tank 63 via the safety valve 62 to release pressure in time when the pipeline is overpressured, ensuring system safety. The jet supply module is connected to the nozzle 21 and the gear-type hydraulic motor via a rotary head 5. The rotary head 5 enables the jet supply module to continuously supply liquid to the pulse jet generating mechanism 2, which rotates with the cutter head 1.

[0016] In addition, the rotary head 5 supplies water to the nozzle 21 and the geared hydraulic motor 23 through the nozzle branch and the motor branch, respectively. The nozzle branch and the motor branch are respectively equipped with nozzle control valves and motor control valves to separately adjust the water flow rates of the nozzle 21 and the geared hydraulic motor 23. In this embodiment, the number of notches on the cutting disc is greater than 10, and the length of the cut-off pulse water jet 211 is determined by the number and range of the notches and the rotation speed of the cutting disc 22. The cutting disc 22 and the output shaft of the hydraulic geared motor 23 are movably connected, and the connection position is adjustable. Multiple connection holes are provided on the output shaft of the hydraulic geared motor 23. The output shaft of the hydraulic geared motor 23 and the cutting disc 22 are connected through the connection holes and screws. The connection position between the hydraulic geared motor 23 and the cutting disc can be adjusted by adjusting different connection holes.

[0017] In the pulse jet generating mechanism, a gear-type hydraulic motor drives the nozzle to rotate. Both the gear-type hydraulic motor and the nozzle are supplied with liquid by the jet supply module. This simplifies the power supply system configuration while realizing the nozzle's rotational movement. In addition, the liquid discharged from the gear-type hydraulic motor can enter the working face through the drain hole, achieving the additional effects of cooling the cutter head, softening hard rock, and reducing dust. This invention uses a pulse jet generating mechanism embedded in the cutterhead to spray a cut-off pulsed water jet. Utilizing the compressive but not tensile structural characteristics of extremely hard rock, it generates a strong water hammer effect on the surface of extremely hard rock, thereby impacting and destroying the rock mass. This greatly improves the TBM's tunneling capability in extremely hard rock. The process does not produce any residue other than wastewater, making it environmentally friendly.

[0018] The cutterhead is equipped with multiple pulse jet generating mechanisms. During the rotation of the cutterhead, the truncated pulse water jets have a strong water hammer impact capability, enhancing the ability to pre-destroy extremely hard rocks. The drainage holes are set at the cutterhead where the rollers are located, which enhances the cooling effect of the drainage holes on the rollers and extends the service life of the rollers by reducing roller wear. In addition, this invention is based on existing TBM equipment and is optimized, featuring ingenious structure, easy modification to existing TBM equipment, convenient operation, and economic practicality.

[0019] Based on the above-mentioned device for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, this invention provides a method for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, but this method is not limited to the above-mentioned device for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, and includes the following steps: S1. Install pulse jet generating mechanism 2 on cutter head 1; S2. During the excavation process, the cutterhead 1 encounters rock mass 4 of extremely hard rock, making it difficult for the cutterhead 3 to penetrate. The jet supply module is activated, and the nozzle 21 sprays jets outward. The cut-off disc 22 is driven to rotate by the gear-type hydraulic motor 23. The high-pressure jet sprayed from the nozzle 21 is converted into a cut-off pulse water jet 211 under the action of the cut-off disc 22. The cut-off pulse water jet 211 impacts the rock mass 4 to form an impact pit 2111. The water discharged by the gear-type hydraulic motor 23 enters the working face through the drainage hole 24 to cool the cutterhead 3, soften the hard rock, and reduce dust. S3. During the rotation of the cutter head 1, the truncated pulsed water jet 211 forms multiple impact pits 211 on the surface of the rock mass 4, the rock mass 4 is peeled off, and the hob cutter 3 penetrates and cuts the rock mass.

[0020] This invention utilizes a pulse jet generator embedded in the cutterhead to spray a truncated pulsed water jet. Taking advantage of the compressive but not tensile structural characteristics of extremely hard rock, it generates a strong water hammer effect on the surface of extremely hard rock, thereby impacting and destroying the rock mass. This greatly enhances the tunneling capacity of TBMs in extremely hard rock. The process does not produce any residue other than wastewater, making it environmentally friendly. It can solve the current technical problems of the urgent need to improve the tunneling capacity of TBM tunnels in hard rock and reduce tunneling losses.

[0021] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking, characterized in that, The device includes a pulse jet generating mechanism and a jet supply module. The pulse jet generating mechanism is embedded in the cutter head and includes a nozzle, a cutting disc, a geared hydraulic motor, and a drain hole. The nozzle faces forward, and the cutting disc is located in front of the nozzle. The middle of the cutting disc is connected to the output shaft of the geared hydraulic motor. The outer edge of the cutting disc has multiple notches, and there are barriers between adjacent notches. The axis of the nozzle intersects perpendicularly with the rotation path formed by the notches and barriers on the outer edge of the cutting disc when they rotate. The drain hole is located on the cutter head and connected to the outlet of the geared hydraulic motor. The jet supply module is used to supply water to the nozzle and the geared hydraulic motor. In use, the nozzle sprays a cut-off pulse water jet under the intermittent blocking action of the rotating cutting disc, and the fluid discharged from the drain hole washes and cools the cutter head.

2. The device for abrasive waterjet grooving assisted rock breaking with a roller cutter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The jet supply module includes a water tank, a water pump, a safety valve, and a check valve. The water tank is used to store water, the water pump is used to pump water from the water tank, the check valve is located behind the water pump, and the pipeline on the outlet side of the water pump is connected to the water tank through the safety valve. The jet supply module is connected to the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor through a rotary device.

3. The device for abrasive waterjet grooving assisted rock breaking with a roller cutter as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Multiple pulse jet generating mechanisms are set up.

4. The device for abrasive waterjet grooving assisted rock breaking with a roller cutter as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The drain hole is located on the cutter head where the hobbing cutter is set.

5. The device for abrasive waterjet grooving assisted cutting of rock by a rotary cutter as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The rotary head supplies water to the nozzle and the gear-type hydraulic motor through the nozzle branch and the motor branch, respectively. The nozzle branch and the motor branch are respectively equipped with nozzle control valve and motor control valve.

6. The device for abrasive waterjet grooving assisted rock breaking with a roller cutter as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cut-off disc and the output shaft of the hydraulic gear motor are movably connected and the connection position is adjustable.

7. A method for pulse jet-assisted rock breaking in a TBM tunnel, characterized in that, The implementation of any one of the TBM tunnel pulse jet-assisted rock breaking devices according to claims 1-6 includes the following steps: S1. Install a pulse jet generator on the cutter head; S2. When the cutterhead encounters extremely hard rock during excavation, making it difficult for the cutterhead to penetrate, the jet supply module is activated, and the nozzle sprays jets outward. The cutterhead is driven to rotate by a gear-type hydraulic motor. The high-pressure jets sprayed from the nozzles are converted into cut-off pulse water jets under the action of the cutterhead. The cut-off pulse water jets impact the rock mass to form impact pits. The water discharged by the gear-type hydraulic motor enters the working face through the drainage hole to cool the cutterhead, soften the hard rock, and reduce dust. S3. During the rotation of the cutterhead, the truncated pulsed water jet forms multiple impact pits on the rock surface, causing the rock to peel off and the cutter to penetrate and cut the rock.

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