Evaluation method for weaving performance of high-performance fiber

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the knitting performance of high-performance fibers, and belongs to the technical field of textile material testing. The method comprises the following steps: 1, balancing a to-be-detected high-performance fiber sample for 24 hours under standard temperature and humidity conditions; step 2 to step 6, respectively measuring and calculating the tensile strength performance, the bending rigidity performance, the fiber-fiber friction performance loss rate, the fiber-woven device friction loss rate and the surface friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample; and step 7, for each score, calculating a knittability index according to a weighted summation formula, and judging the comprehensive performance of the high-performance fiber according to the index. According to the method, through multi-parameter collaborative analysis, objective and rapid quantitative evaluation on the knitting performance of the high-performance fibers is achieved, and a scientific basis is provided for high-performance fiber material screening, process optimization and textile product development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers, belonging to the field of textile material testing technology. Background Technology

[0002] High-performance fibers are a new generation of synthetic fibers developed by fiber science and engineering, possessing high strength, high modulus, and high temperature resistance. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight yet high strength, they are widely used in aerospace, defense, rail transportation, and sporting goods. During the production and processing of high-performance fibers, they are frequently subjected to stretching, bending, and friction, which can cause single filament breakage and the formation of fuzz. Excessive fuzz reduces the performance of the final composite material, thus affecting the performance conversion rate of the high-performance fiber. Therefore, the performance evaluation of high-performance fibers is particularly important.

[0003] At present, the evaluation of the weavability of high-performance fibers mainly has the following problems: (1) The evaluation dimension is single, usually only considering basic mechanical properties such as tensile strength. For example, the high-performance fiber weavability testing device and testing method disclosed in patent application No. 202110899895.7 adopts the following performance evaluation method: it uses the weavability performance evaluation functional area to test the hairiness index of the fiber bundle after treatment, and uses the hairiness index as an indicator to quantitatively analyze the weavability of the fiber bundle. However, this method is more suitable for the performance evaluation of yarns for ordinary fabrics. For high-performance fibers, the hairiness index evaluation dimension is single. The hairiness index mainly reflects the wear resistance of the fiber bundle, but it is difficult to evaluate the comprehensive performance of fiber strength, tensile properties, etc. Therefore, the evaluation results of the fiber bundle have low credibility. (2) The testing conditions and evaluation systems adopted by different research institutions or enterprises are very different, lacking a unified standard, making it difficult to achieve horizontal comparison. (3) Some enterprises rely on empirical testing and use trial weaving method for evaluation, which is not only inefficient, but also makes it difficult to achieve early material screening and process optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of current performance evaluation methods for the weaveability of high-performance fibers, such as limited evaluation dimensions, low reliability of results, lack of a unified standard hindering cross-sectional comparisons, and low evaluation efficiency, this invention provides a method for evaluating the weaveability of high-performance fibers. This method integrates five dimensions of testing: tensile properties, fiber-fiber friction properties, fiber-device friction properties, and surface properties. It can quantitatively characterize the performance of high-performance fibers, facilitate cross-sectional comparisons, is simple to operate, and provides more reliable test results. The technical solution is as follows: A method for evaluating the weaveability of high-performance fibers, the method comprising: Step 1: Equilibrate the high-performance fiber sample to be tested under standard temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours; Step 2: Measure and calculate the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R1 based on the tensile strength score; Step 3: Measure and calculate the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R2 based on the bending performance score; Step 4: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between high-performance fiber samples, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R3 based on the fiber-fiber frictional performance loss rate score; Step 5: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between the high-performance fiber sample and the braiding device, and obtain the corresponding braidability score R4 based on the fiber-braiding device frictional performance loss rate score; Step 6: Measure and calculate the surface friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R5 based on the friction coefficient score; Step 7: Calculate the knitting index using the weighted summation formula: Knitting Index , where Ri is the knitability score corresponding to step i, Xi is the weight coefficient corresponding to Ri, and its knitability performance is evaluated by the knitability index.

[0005] Furthermore, in step 1, the high-performance fiber sample can be carbon fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, quartz fiber, aramid fiber, or silicon oxide fiber, and the tow specification is greater than 1K.

[0006] Furthermore, in steps 2-6, the performance of the balanced high-performance fiber samples is tested according to the method specified in GB / T1446—2005.

[0007] Furthermore, in step 2, the tensile strength score is as follows: if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 5 GPa, its tensile performance score is 12 × tensile strength; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 5 GPa but less than 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 4 × tensile strength + 40; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 100.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 3, the bending performance score is as follows: if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is 100; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.1 cN·cm² / cm and less than 0.5 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is (-100)×bending stiffness+110; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.5 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is (-120)×bending stiffness+120.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 4, the number of fiber-to-fiber friction cycles is 200-500 times, and in step 5, the number of fiber-to-braiding device friction cycles is 500-800 times, wherein the braiding device is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 5-20mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 4, the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate is scored as follows: if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its wear resistance score is 100; if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 50%, its wear resistance score is (-100) × performance loss rate + 110; if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 50%, its wear resistance score is (-120) × performance loss rate + 120.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 5, the frictional performance loss rate score of the fiber-woven device is as follows: if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its wear resistance score is 100; if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 20%, its wear resistance score is (-400) × performance loss rate + 140; if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 20%, its wear resistance score is (-75) × performance loss rate + 75.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 6, the friction coefficient score is as follows: if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1, its surface performance score is 100; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than 0.2, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 110; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.4, its surface performance score is (-150) × friction coefficient + 120; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.4, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 100.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This method measures high-performance fiber samples across five dimensions: tensile strength, flexural stiffness, fiber-to-fiber friction loss rate, fiber-to-woven device friction loss rate, and surface friction coefficient. The test values ​​for each of these five dimensions are scored according to their respective criteria. Finally, a weighted summation formula is used to calculate the weavability index, which is then used to evaluate the performance of the high-performance fiber sample. This approach addresses the shortcomings of existing high-performance fiber performance evaluation methods, such as limited evaluation dimensions, low reliability, and a lack of unified standards, which hinder cross-sectional comparisons and reduce evaluation efficiency. By employing multi-parameter collaborative analysis, this method achieves an objective, rapid, and quantitative evaluation of the weavability of high-performance fibers, providing a scientific basis for high-performance fiber material selection, process optimization, and textile product development. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the evaluation method implemented in this invention; Figure 2 This is a weight distribution diagram of the weavability index according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The method includes: Step 1: Equilibrate the high-performance fiber sample to be tested under standard temperature and humidity conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±3%) for 24 hours. Specifically, the high-performance fiber sample can be selected as a high-modulus fiber for weaving, such as carbon fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, quartz fiber, aramid fiber, silicon oxide fiber, etc., with a tow specification greater than 1K.

[0018] Step 2: Measure and calculate the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample, and derive the corresponding weavability score R1 based on the tensile strength score. Specifically, the tensile strength unit is uniformly GPa. If the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 5 GPa, its tensile performance score is 12 × tensile strength; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 5 GPa but less than 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 4 × tensile strength + 40; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 100.

[0019] Step 3: Measure and calculate the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R2 based on the bending performance score. Specifically, the bending stiffness unit is uniformly cN·cm2 / cm. If the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1cN·cm2 / cm, its bending performance score is 100; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.1cN·cm2 / cm but less than 0.5cN·cm2 / cm, its bending performance score is (-100)×bending stiffness+110; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.5cN·cm2 / cm, its bending performance score is (-120)×bending stiffness+120.

[0020] Step 4: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between high-performance fiber samples. The frictional performance loss rate is the ratio of the decrease in fiber tensile strength after friction to the fiber tensile strength before friction. Based on the fiber-to-fiber frictional performance loss rate score, derive the corresponding weavability score R3. During testing, the number of fiber-to-fiber friction cycles is 200-500. Specifically, the fiber-to-fiber frictional performance loss rate score is as follows: if the fiber-to-fiber frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its abrasion resistance score is 100; if the fiber-to-fiber frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 50%, its abrasion resistance score is (-100) × performance loss rate + 110; if the fiber-to-fiber frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 50%, its abrasion resistance score is (-120) × performance loss rate + 120.

[0021] Step 5: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between the high-performance fiber sample and the braiding device, and obtain the corresponding braidability score R4 based on the fiber-braiding device frictional performance loss rate score. The number of friction cycles between the fiber and the braiding device is 500-800 times, and the braiding device is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 5-20mm. The specific scoring of the fiber-braiding device frictional performance loss rate is as follows: if the fiber-device frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its wear resistance score is 100; if the fiber-device frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 20%, its wear resistance score is (-400) × performance loss rate + 140; if the fiber-device frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 20%, its wear resistance score is (-75) × performance loss rate + 75.

[0022] Step 6: Measure and calculate the surface friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample, and derive the corresponding weavability score R5 based on the friction coefficient score. Specifically, the friction coefficient score is as follows: if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1, its surface performance score is 100; if the friction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than 0.2, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 110; if the friction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.4, its surface performance score is (-150) × friction coefficient + 120; if the friction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.4, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 100. In steps 2-6 above, the equilibrated high-performance fiber sample is tested using appropriate equipment according to the method specified in GB / T1446—2005. Tensile strength was tested using a QJ-212C electronic universal testing machine, bending performance was tested using a KES-FB2-A bending tester, the loss rate of frictional properties between fibers and between fibers and braided devices was measured using a UMT TriboLab tribo-wear testing instrument, and surface properties were measured using an LFY-110 yarn dynamic friction coefficient tester. Five sets of tests were conducted for each performance parameter, and the average of the five sets was taken as the performance index for the corresponding performance.

[0023] Step 7: Calculate the knitting index using the weighted summation formula: Knitting Index , where Ri is the knitability score corresponding to step i, Xi is the weight coefficient corresponding to Ri, and its knitability performance is evaluated by the knitability index.

[0024] Specifically, tensile strength has a weight of 0.15 for X1 and bending performance has a weight of 0.15 for X2. Since high-performance fibers require constant tension in the warp direction during weaving, they must possess sufficient tensile strength to withstand this tension and instantaneous peak loads during weaving without breaking. It is the fundamental load-bearing capacity for weavability, and its weight of 0.15 reflects its importance in ensuring the basic requirement of continuous weaving. High-performance fibers need to withstand repeated bending deformation during weft insertion and shedding. Fibers with excessively high bending stiffness have poor flexibility, making it difficult to form a tight, regular interweaving structure, and are prone to bending fatigue damage or even breakage at bends. This indicator directly affects the fabric's structural forming ability and appearance quality; its importance lies in ensuring weaving feasibility and fabric quality, hence it is given the same weight as tensile performance.

[0025] Specifically, fiber-to-fiber friction performance has a weight of 0.4 (X3). This indicator is given a high weight because it has the highest frequency of occurrence and the widest range of damage during the weaving process. In two-dimensional and three-dimensional weaving, especially multidirectional weaving, thousands of fiber bundles form a complex spatial network at the interlacing points. Within this network, the fiber bundles are constantly and dynamically compressed, slipped, and rubbed against each other. This "internal friction" is the primary cause of fiber fuzzing, breakage, static electricity generation, and blockage of resin wetting channels. The damage is cumulative and holistic, directly determining the surface quality of the woven fabric, the fiber strength retention rate, and the mechanical properties of the final composite material. Therefore, it is designated as a core evaluation indicator and given the highest weight of 0.4 to highlight its dominant role in determining weavability.

[0026] Specifically, the frictional performance of fiber-braided devices corresponds to a weight of 0.2 for X4, while the surface friction coefficient (μ) of the fiber is an intrinsic property, corresponding to a weight of 0.1 for X5, as it simultaneously affects the behavior and damage rate of both "fiber-to-fiber friction" and "fiber-to-device friction." An optimized surface friction coefficient helps reduce friction and wear. However, its influence is indirectly and partially encompassed and reflected by the aforementioned two frictional damage rate indices. Treating it as an independent indicator aims to provide supplementary information from the perspective of material intrinsics and to evaluate the effectiveness of surface treatment processes (such as sizing and coating). Due to its relatively indirect influence, it is assigned a basic weight of 0.1.

[0027] Ten high-performance fibers were selected for testing, and the weavability index was evaluated according to the weavability performance evaluation method of this invention. The specific operation process and results are as follows.

[0028] Example 1 A bundle of T300-3K carbon fiber was placed under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours. Following the method specified in GB / T1446—2005, the equilibrated carbon fiber was subjected to tensile, bending, fiber-fiber friction, fiber-device friction, and surface property tests in sequence. The tensile strength, bending stiffness, fiber-fiber friction performance loss rate, fiber-device friction performance loss rate, and coefficient of friction of the carbon fiber were obtained. Then, based on the scoring function relationship of each performance, the corresponding score for each test performance was obtained, and the final weighted score of each performance index of the carbon fiber was calculated. The final scores of each performance index were added together to obtain the weavability index of the carbon fiber. The weavability index of the carbon fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0029] Example 2 Samples were prepared and evaluated using HF40A-6K-G carbon fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0030] Example 3 Samples were prepared and evaluated using CCF800H-12K carbon fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0031] Example 4 Samples were prepared and evaluated using 95B quartz fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0032] Example 5 Samples were prepared and evaluated using 190B quartz fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0033] Example 6 Samples were prepared and evaluated using AF17-20 alumina fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0034] Example 7 Samples were prepared and evaluated using 720 alumina fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0035] Example 8 Samples were prepared and evaluated using Cansas-4103 silicon carbide fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0036] Example 9 Samples were prepared and evaluated using Cansas 3301 third-generation silicon carbide fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0037] Example 10 Samples were prepared and evaluated using Cansas 3207 second-generation silicon carbide fiber according to the method in Example 1. The weavability index of the high-performance fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1

[0039] Examples 1-10 demonstrate that the weavability performance parameters of high-performance fibers calculated using the evaluation method of this invention show that the weavability index of carbon fiber is significantly higher than that of other high-performance fibers, and there are also certain differences between the same type of fiber of different specifications and grades. The weavability performance evaluation method for high-performance fibers of this invention is simple to operate, can quantitatively characterize the application process performance of high-performance fibers, and can be applied to the engineering development and efficient application of high-performance fibers.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Equilibrate the high-performance fiber sample to be tested under standard temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours; Step 2: Measure and calculate the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R1 based on the tensile strength score; Step 3: Measure and calculate the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R2 based on the bending performance score; Step 4: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between high-performance fiber samples, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R3 based on the fiber-fiber frictional performance loss rate score; Step 5: Measure and calculate the frictional performance loss rate between the high-performance fiber sample and the braiding device, and obtain the corresponding braidability score R4 based on the fiber-braiding device frictional performance loss rate score; Step 6: Measure and calculate the surface friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample, and obtain the corresponding weavability score R5 based on the friction coefficient score; Step 7: Calculate the knitting index using the weighted summation formula: Knitting Index , where Ri is the knitability score corresponding to step i, Xi is the weight coefficient corresponding to Ri, and its knitability performance is evaluated by the knitability index.

2. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the high-performance fiber sample can be carbon fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, quartz fiber, aramid fiber or silicon oxide fiber, and the tow specification is greater than 1K.

3. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps 2-6, the performance of the balanced high-performance fiber samples is tested according to the method specified in GB / T1446—2005.

4. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the tensile strength score is as follows: if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 5 GPa, its tensile performance score is 12 × tensile strength; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 5 GPa but less than 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 4 × tensile strength + 40; if the tensile strength of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 15 GPa, its tensile performance score is 100.

5. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the bending performance score is as follows: if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is 100; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.1 cN·cm² / cm and less than 0.5 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is (-100)×bending stiffness+110; if the bending stiffness of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.5 cN·cm² / cm, its bending performance score is (-120)×bending stiffness+120.

6. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate is scored as follows: if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its wear resistance score is 100; if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 50%, its wear resistance score is (-100) × performance loss rate + 110; if the fiber-to-fiber friction performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 50%, its wear resistance score is (-120) × performance loss rate + 120.

7. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the frictional performance loss rate of the fiber-woven device is scored as follows: if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 10%, its wear resistance score is 100; if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 10% but less than 20%, its wear resistance score is (-400) × performance loss rate + 140; if the frictional performance loss rate of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 20%, its wear resistance score is (-75) × performance loss rate + 75.

8. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the number of fiber-fiber friction cycles is 200-500 times, and in step 5, the number of fiber-braiding device friction cycles is 500-800 times, wherein the braiding device is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 5-20mm.

9. The method for evaluating the weavability of high-performance fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the friction coefficient is scored as follows: if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is less than 0.1, its surface performance score is 100; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than 0.2, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 110; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.4, its surface performance score is (-150) × friction coefficient + 120; if the friction coefficient of the high-performance fiber sample is greater than or equal to 0.4, its surface performance score is (-100) × friction coefficient + 100.

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