Rotor structure and self-starting permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor

Abstract

The invention provides a rotor structure and a self-starting permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor. The rotor structure comprises a rotor core and permanent magnets, the rotor core is provided with air slots, filling slots and magnetic steel slots, the filling slots comprise q-axis filling slots, the magnetic steel slots comprise a first magnetic steel slot, a second magnetic steel slot and a third magnetic steel slot, and the air slots comprise a first air slot, a second air slot and a third air slot. The q-axis filling groove comprises a first filling groove, a second filling groove and a third filling groove, the rotor structure comprises a first pole and a second pole which are adjacent, the included angles between the two air grooves located on the two sides of the d-axis under the first pole are alpha 1, beta 1 and gamma 1 in sequence, the included angles between the two air grooves located on the two sides of the d-axis under the second pole are alpha 2, beta 2 and gamma 2 in sequence, alpha 1 is not equal to alpha 2, and gamma 1 is not equal to alpha 2; beta1 is not equal to beta2, and gamma1 is not equal to gamma2. According to the rotor structure, the magnetic field distribution can be effectively improved, the torque pulsation is further reduced, and the motor performance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor technology, and more specifically, to a rotor structure and a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor. Background Technology

[0002] A self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (SPMSRM) is an emerging motor technology that combines the features of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) and synchronous reluctance motors (SRM). It aims to provide a motor solution that utilizes the magnetic advantages of permanent magnets while leveraging the structural simplicity and high efficiency of reluctance motors. This type of motor is particularly suitable for applications requiring high efficiency, lightweight design, and compact size, such as electric vehicles and industrial drive systems.

[0003] Permanent magnets provide the basic magnetic field in a SPMSRM, generating permanent magnet torque, which is one of the main power sources for the motor during steady-state operation. The use of permanent magnets reduces the need for additional power supplies, lowers the overall energy consumption of the motor, and improves efficiency. Reluctance torque is the torque caused by changes in magnetic reluctance in the magnetic circuit during motor operation. This torque is particularly important during the starting phase because it helps the motor overcome static friction and achieve a smooth start. The magnetic circuit design of reluctance motors often focuses on optimizing the reluctance effect to improve starting capability and operating efficiency.

[0004] In the pursuit of high-performance motors, torque ripple has become an obstacle to further improvement in motor performance. Torque ripple refers to the uneven output torque and periodic fluctuations that occur during motor operation, directly affecting the smooth operation, noise level, and service life of the motor. In self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors, fluctuations in cogging torque, permanent magnet torque, and reluctance torque are the main sources of torque ripple. In particular, improper magnetic barrier design can exacerbate this phenomenon, leading to unstable motor performance.

[0005] Existing technologies typically reduce torque ripple to improve motor performance by adjusting the position, size, and shape of magnetic barriers. However, with the advancement of motor technology, the method of further reducing torque ripple by fine-tuning magnetic barrier parameters is showing diminishing marginal utility; that is, the performance improvement brought about by each unit of adjustment cost is gradually shrinking. This not only increases the difficulty of design and manufacturing but also means that traditional magnetic barrier optimization paths are becoming increasingly inadequate to meet the demands of continuing to improve motor performance.

[0006] Therefore, existing synchronous reluctance motors face the following problems: due to the structural limitations of the motor, the improvement in motor performance brought about by reducing torque ripple through adjusting the position and shape of the magnetic barriers is becoming increasingly limited, making it increasingly difficult to improve motor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a rotor structure and a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor that can effectively improve the magnetic field distribution, further reduce torque pulsation, and improve motor performance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a rotor structure is provided, comprising a rotor core and a permanent magnet. The rotor core is provided with a plurality of air slots, a plurality of filling slots, and a plurality of magnet slots. The permanent magnets are installed within the magnet slots. The filling slots include q-axis filling slots. Under the same pole, the air slots, filling slots, and magnet slots located in the same layer along the d-axis direction form a magnetic barrier layer. The magnetic barrier layer has three layers. The air slots, filling slots, and magnet slots located in the same layer are separated by connecting ribs. The magnet slots include a first magnet slot, a second magnet slot, and a third magnet slot arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. The air slots include a first air slot, a second air slot, and a third magnet slot arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. The air slot and the third air slot, the q-axis filling slot include a first filling slot, a second filling slot and a third filling slot arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. Along the direction away from the d-axis, the magnet slot, the air slot and the filling slot located on the same layer are arranged sequentially. The rotor structure includes an adjacent first pole and a second pole. Under the first pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside direction, the included angles between the circumferential outer sides of the two air slots located on both sides of the d-axis are α1, β1 and γ1 respectively. Under the second pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside direction, the included angles between the circumferential outer sides of the two air slots located on both sides of the d-axis are α2, β2 and γ2 respectively. α1≠α2, β1≠β2, γ1≠γ2.

[0009] Further, α1-β1<α2-β2, γ1-β1<γ2-β2.

[0010] Furthermore, α1 < α2, β1 > β2, γ1 < γ2.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotor core includes a rotor outer circle, a first filling groove extending from the end of the first air groove along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle, a second filling groove extending from the end of the second air groove along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle, and a third filling groove extending from the end of the third air groove along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. Each filling groove has a tangled edge on the side near the d-axis. In the first pole, the angle between the tangled edge of the first filling groove and the d-axis is φ1, and the angle between the tangled edge of the second filling groove and the d-axis is φ1. Angle ρ1, the angle between the tangent of the third filling groove and the d-axis is ε1, under the second pole, the angle between the tangent of the first filling groove and the d-axis is φ2, the angle between the tangent of the second filling groove and the d-axis is ρ2, the angle between the tangent of the third filling groove and the d-axis is ε2, φ1≠φ2, ρ1≠ρ2, ε1≠ε2, φ1>α1 / 2, ρ1>β1 / 2, ε1>γ1 / 2, φ2>α2 / 2, ρ2>β2 / 2, ε2>γ2 / 2.

[0012] Furthermore, φ1>φ2>α2 / 2>α1 / 2, ρ2>ρ1>β1 / 2>β2 / 2, ε1>ε2>γ2 / 2>γ1 / 2.

[0013] Furthermore, ρ1 < ε1, ρ2 > ε2.

[0014] Furthermore, 35°≤ρ1, ε2≥45°.

[0015] Furthermore, α1 > β1 > γ1, α2 > β2 > γ3.

[0016] Furthermore, 60°≥α1>β1>γ1≥30°, 80°≥α2>β2>γ3≥50°.

[0017] Furthermore, 15° ≤ α1-β1 < α2-β2.

[0018] Furthermore, under the same pole, the width of the first air slot is w4, the width of the second air slot is w5, and the width of the third air slot is w6, where w5 > w6 > w4.

[0019] Furthermore, the permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a third permanent magnet arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet is disposed in a first magnetic groove, the second permanent magnet is disposed in a second magnetic groove, and the third permanent magnet is disposed in a third magnetic groove. The thickness of the first permanent magnet is w1, the thickness of the second permanent magnet is w2, and the thickness of the third permanent magnet is w3, where w1 = w2 < w3.

[0020] Furthermore, 1.2w1 < w3.

[0021] Furthermore, at one pole, there are two magnetic steel slots in each layer, with the two magnetic steel slots spaced apart. Each magnetic steel slot contains a permanent magnet, and the two permanent magnets in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis.

[0022] Furthermore, the permanent magnet is rectangular and includes a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a third permanent magnet arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet is disposed in a first magnetic groove, the second permanent magnet is disposed in a second magnetic groove, and the third permanent magnet is disposed in a third magnetic groove. The width of the first permanent magnet along the q-axis is l1, the width of the second permanent magnet along the q-axis is l2, and the width of the third permanent magnet along the q-axis is l3, where l1 > l2 > l3.

[0023] Furthermore, l1 > 1.2l2 > 1.2l3.

[0024] Furthermore, in one pole, each layer has two magnetic steel slots, which are spaced apart. Each magnetic steel slot contains a permanent magnet. The two permanent magnets in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis. In the same magnetic barrier layer, the connecting ribs include a first inner layer rib, a second inner layer rib, a third inner layer rib, and an outer layer rib. The first inner layer rib is located between two adjacent magnetic steel slots, the second inner layer rib is located between the magnetic steel slot and the air slot, the third inner layer rib is located between the air slot and the filling slot, and the outer layer rib is located between the filling slot and the outer circle of the rotor core. The width of the first inner layer rib is w10, the width of the second inner layer rib is w11, the width of the third inner layer rib is w12, and the width of the outer layer rib is w13. 0 < w10 = w11 = w12 = w13 ≤ 2σ, where σ is the air gap width between the stator and rotor.

[0025] Furthermore, under the same pole, a magnetic channel is formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers. The width of the magnetic channel between the first magnetic steel groove and the second magnetic steel groove is k1, and the width of the magnetic channel between the second magnetic steel groove and the third magnetic steel groove is k2, where k1 > k2.

[0026] Furthermore, k1 > 1.2k2.

[0027] Furthermore, at the same pole, magnetic channels are formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers. The minimum width of each magnetic channel is ki, and the thickness of the permanent magnet corresponding to the magnetic channel is wi, where ki > wi.

[0028] Furthermore, ki > 1.8wi.

[0029] Furthermore, the filling groove also includes a d-axis filling groove and an independent filling groove. The independent filling groove is located between two adjacent first filling grooves, and the d-axis filling groove is located radially outside the third filling groove along the d-axis direction. The d-axis filling groove is arc-shaped.

[0030] Furthermore, the angle between the independent filling groove and the first filling groove that is closer to the other of the two adjacent first filling grooves is η, where 5° < η < 20°.

[0031] Furthermore, 10° < η < 15°.

[0032] Furthermore, in the cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor core, the first filling groove and the independent filling groove are quadrilaterals, and the quadrilaterals have a tangent edge on the side of the rotor outer circle close to the rotor core. The second filling groove and the third filling groove are both triangular, with the apex of the triangle facing the rotor outer circle.

[0033] Furthermore, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove is greater than the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of other filling grooves, and the relationship between the minimum diameter D2 of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove and the diameter D of the outer circle of the rotor core satisfies 0.91D≤D2≤0.95D.

[0034] Furthermore, under the first pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove is D4, and under the second pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove is D5, where D4≥D5. The relationship between the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove and the diameter of the outer circle of the rotor core satisfies 0.84D≤D5≤D4≤0.9D.

[0035] Furthermore, the outer circle of the rotor core is provided with multiple auxiliary slots. The auxiliary slots are semi-circular and located between the d-axis filling slot and the third filling slot. The auxiliary slots on both sides of the d-axis are symmetrical about the d-axis. Under the same pole, the angle between the line connecting the center of the two auxiliary slots on both sides of the d-axis and the center of the rotor core is θ. The angle between the line connecting the two endpoints of the d-axis filling slot in the circumferential direction and the center of the rotor core is δ, where θ > δ.

[0036] Furthermore, 30° > θ > δ > 15°.

[0037] Furthermore, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove is D2, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the second and third filling grooves is D3, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the independent filling groove is D6, and the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove is D2≥D3>D6>D4.

[0038] Furthermore, D2≥D3>D6>1.05D4.

[0039] Furthermore, the rotor core is provided with shaft holes, connecting holes, end rings and baffles. The end rings are located at both ends of the rotor core. The filling groove is filled with conductive and non-magnetic material. The conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end rings to form a rotor squirrel cage. The baffles are located at both ends of the rotor core and are connected and fixed by connectors located in the connecting holes.

[0040] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the baffle is smaller than the inner diameter of the end ring, and the inner diameter of the baffle is larger than the diameter of the shaft hole.

[0041] Furthermore, the magnetic steel groove is filled with a non-conductive and non-magnetic material, and the permanent magnet is fixed in the magnetic steel groove by the non-conductive and non-magnetic material; or, the rotor core is provided with shaft holes, connecting holes, end rings and baffles, the end rings are set at both ends of the rotor core, the filling groove is filled with a conductive and non-magnetic material, the conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end rings to form a rotor squirrel cage, the baffles are set at both ends of the rotor core, and the rotor core, permanent magnet, end rings and baffles are encapsulated together by a plastic sealant.

[0042] According to another aspect of the present invention, a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor is provided, comprising the rotor structure described above.

[0043] By applying the technical solution of this invention, air slots at different angles are set between adjacent poles of the rotor core, forming a magnetic barrier layer in conjunction with magnet slots and filling slots. This optimizes the magnetic field distribution and reduces torque ripple. The asymmetrical distribution of air slots between adjacent poles allows for the alternating use of two different magnetic barrier structures, thereby improving the magnetic field distribution, significantly reducing torque ripple, and enhancing the smoothness and efficiency of the motor's operation. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 5 A side view of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the baffle of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0051] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the encapsulated rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0052] Figure 8 A comparison diagram of torque and torque ripple of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a motor of related technologies is shown;

[0053] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the magnetic barrier angle and torque ripple of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a motor of the related art.

[0054] Figure 10 A comparison diagram of torque and torque ripple is shown for three different embodiments of the motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 11 A graph comparing the efficiency of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention with that of a motor in related technologies is shown.

[0056] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Trimmed edge; 2. Rotor core; 3. Rotor lamination; 4. Air slot; 41. First air slot; 42. Second air slot; 43. Third air slot; 5. Magnet slot; 51. First magnet slot; 52. Second magnet slot; 53. Third magnet slot; 6. Permanent magnet; 61. First permanent magnet; 62. Second permanent magnet; 63. Third permanent magnet; 7. Filling slot; 71. Independent filling slot; 72. D-axis filling slot; 73. First filling slot; 74. Second filling slot; 75. Third filling slot; 8. Shaft hole; 9. Connecting hole; 10. Connecting rib; 101. First inner rib; 102. Outer rib; 103. Second inner rib; 104. Third inner rib; 11. Auxiliary slot; 12. Baffle; 13. End ring; 14. Sealing material. Detailed Implementation

[0058] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] See also Figures 1 to 11As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the rotor structure includes a rotor core 2 and a permanent magnet 6. The rotor core 2 is provided with multiple air slots 4, multiple filling slots 7, and multiple magnet slots 5. The permanent magnet 6 is installed in the magnet slots 5. The filling slots 7 include q-axis filling slots 7. Under the same pole, the air slots 4, filling slots 7, and magnet slots 5 located in the same layer along the d-axis direction form a magnetic barrier layer. The magnetic barrier layer has three layers. The air slots 4, filling slots 7, and magnet slots 5 located in the same layer are separated by connecting ribs 10. The magnet slots 5 include a first magnet slot 51, a second magnet slot 52, and a third magnet slot 53 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. The air slots 4 include a first air slot 41, a second air slot 52, and a third magnet slot 53 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. Air slot 42 and third air slot 43, q-axis filling slot 7 includes a first filling slot 73, a second filling slot 74 and a third filling slot 75 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. Magnet slot 5, air slot 4 and filling slot 7 are arranged sequentially on the same layer along the direction away from the d-axis. The rotor structure includes an adjacent first pole and a second pole. Under the first pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside, the included angles between the outer circumferential sides of the two air slots 4 located on both sides of the d-axis are α1, β1 and γ1 respectively. Under the second pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside, the included angles between the outer circumferential sides of the two air slots 4 located on both sides of the d-axis are α2, β2 and γ2 respectively. α1≠α2, β1≠β2, γ1≠γ2.

[0060] This embodiment optimizes the magnetic field distribution and reduces torque ripple by setting air slots at different angles between adjacent poles of the rotor core, which, together with magnet slots and filler slots, form a magnetic barrier layer. The asymmetrical distribution of air slots between adjacent poles allows for the alternating use of two different magnetic barrier structures, thereby improving the magnetic field distribution, significantly reducing torque ripple, and enhancing the motor's operational smoothness and efficiency.

[0061] During the operation of the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by adopting an asymmetrically distributed magnetic barrier layer structure, that is, the included angle between the air slots on both sides of the d-axis of the first pole is not equal to the included angle between the air slots on both sides of the d-axis of the second pole located in the same layer, combined with the cooperation of filling slots and multi-layer permanent magnets, a smoother and more continuous change in the air gap magnetic field distribution is achieved when the motor rotates, thereby effectively reducing the torque pulsation caused by cogging torque, permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque.

[0062] In one embodiment, α1-β1 < α2-β2, γ1-β1 < γ2-β2.

[0063] By reducing the difference in the angle between the air slots at the same pole, the magnetic field distribution can be further optimized, and torque ripple can be reduced. The difference in the air slot angle affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, and thus affects the magnitude of torque ripple. In this embodiment, by reducing the difference in the air slot angle, the magnetic field distribution is improved, torque ripple is further reduced, and the running stability and efficiency of the motor are enhanced.

[0064] In one embodiment, α1 < α2, β1 > β2, and γ1 < γ2.

[0065] This embodiment optimizes the magnetic field distribution and reduces torque ripple by setting different air slot angles under different poles. The size of the air slot angle affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, which in turn affects the magnitude of torque ripple. This embodiment improves the magnetic field distribution, reduces torque ripple, and enhances the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation by setting different air slot angles under different poles.

[0066] In one embodiment, the rotor core 2 includes a rotor outer circle. A first filling groove 73 extends from the end of the first air groove 41 along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. A second filling groove 74 extends from the end of the second air groove 42 along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. A third filling groove 75 extends from the end of the third air groove 43 along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. Each filling groove 7 has a tangent edge 1 on the side near the d-axis. In the first pole, the angle between the tangent edge 1 of the first filling groove 73 and the d-axis is φ1. The angle between the tangent edge 1 of the second filling groove 74 and the d-axis is φ1. The angle between the d-axis and the second pole is ρ1. The angle between the tangent 1 of the third filling groove 75 and the d-axis is ε1. Under the second pole, the angle between the tangent 1 of the first filling groove 73 and the d-axis is φ2. The angle between the tangent 1 of the second filling groove 74 and the d-axis is ρ2. The angle between the tangent 1 of the third filling groove 75 and the d-axis is ε2. φ1≠φ2, ρ1≠ρ2, ε1≠ε2, φ1>α1 / 2, ρ1>β1 / 2, ε1>γ1 / 2, φ2>α2 / 2, ρ2>β2 / 2, ε2>γ2 / 2.

[0067] The angle of the tangent 11 affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, which in turn affects the magnitude of torque pulsation. In this embodiment, by setting a tangent 1 at a specific angle on the structure of the filling groove, the groove shape and magnetic field line direction of the filling groove can be changed by the tangent 1, thereby optimizing the magnetic field distribution, reducing torque pulsation, and improving the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation.

[0068] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, a first filling slot, a second filling slot, and a third filling slot are formed by extending from the ends of each air slot along the q-axis towards the outer circle of the rotor under the first and second poles of the rotor core 2. Cut edges at different angles are set on the side of these filling slots near the d-axis to ensure that the angles φ1, φ2, ρ1, ρ2, ε1, and ε2 between the cut edges and the d-axis under different poles are all unequal and all greater than half the angle between their respective two air slots. This cleverly utilizes the magnetic field distribution characteristics, continuously optimizing the uniformity of the air gap magnetic field during motor rotation, effectively weakening the cogging torque, and significantly reducing the pulsation amplitude of the permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque, thereby greatly improving the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation.

[0069] In one embodiment, φ1>φ2>α2 / 2>α1 / 2, ρ2>ρ1>β1 / 2>β2 / 2, ε1>ε2>γ2 / 2>γ1 / 2.

[0070] This embodiment optimizes the magnetic field distribution and reduces torque ripple by setting the relationship between the tangent angles of the filling slots in the same magnetic barrier layer under different poles, and the relationship between the tangent angles of the filling slots and the angle between the corresponding air slots and the d-axis. The relationship between the tangent angles of the filling slots affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, which in turn affects the magnitude of torque ripple. By setting the relationship between the tangent angles of the filling slots under different poles, the magnetic field distribution is effectively improved, torque ripple is reduced, and the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation are enhanced.

[0071] In one embodiment, ρ1 < ε1, ρ2 > ε2.

[0072] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by designing the tangent angles ρ1 and ε1 of the second filling slot 74 and the third filling slot 75 to satisfy ρ1<ε1 under the first pole and ρ2>ε2 under the second pole, the asymmetrical distribution is cleverly utilized. This characteristic of angle change can dynamically adjust the air gap magnetic field distribution during the rotation of the motor, optimize the generation mechanism of reluctance torque, effectively suppress torque pulsation caused by uneven magnetic field, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the motor and improving the overall efficiency. Especially in the starting and speed change stages, the motor can exhibit better performance and lower noise level.

[0073] In one embodiment, 35°≤ρ1, ε2≥45°.

[0074] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by setting the tangent angle ρ1 of the second filling slot 74 under the first pole to be no less than 35° and the tangent angle ε2 of the third filling slot 75 under the second pole to be no less than 45°, these specific angle configurations can be used to dynamically optimize the air gap magnetic field distribution at various stages of the motor's operating cycle. Especially during the critical acceleration and stable operation phases, this effectively enhances the generation of reluctance torque, suppresses torque pulsation, ensures the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation, and thus improves the overall stability of power output and the energy utilization efficiency of the motor.

[0075] In one embodiment, α1 > β1 > γ1, α2 > β2 > γ3.

[0076] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by setting the included angles α1, β1, and γ1 of the first air slot 41, the second air slot 42, and the third air slot 43 along the d-axis direction from the inside to the outside, decreasing sequentially under the first pole (α1 > β1 > γ1) and similarly decreasing under the second pole (α2 > β2 > γ3), the distribution of the air gap magnetic field is optimized. This effectively reduces torque pulsation caused by cogging, permanent magnets, and reluctance effects during motor rotation, ensuring smooth operation of the motor across the entire speed range, while also improving the overall efficiency and output capacity of the motor.

[0077] In one embodiment, 60°≥α1>β1>γ1≥30°, and 80°≥α2>β2>γ3≥50°.

[0078] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by precisely controlling the included angle of the air slot under the first pole, it is ensured that the included angle α1 of the first air slot 41 is less than or equal to 60° and greater than the included angles β1 and γ1 of the second air slot 42 and the third air slot 43, while γ1 is at least 30°, and α2 under the second pole does not exceed 80° and is greater than β2 and γ3, while γ3 is not less than 50°. This achieves precise optimization of the air gap magnetic field distribution, which can significantly reduce torque pulsation caused by cogging, permanent magnets and reluctance effects throughout the entire rotation process of the motor, especially during the start-up and high-speed operation stages. This not only enhances the motor's starting performance and anti-demagnetization ability, but also greatly improves the smoothness and efficiency of operation.

[0079] In one embodiment, 15° ≤ α1-β1 < α2-β2.

[0080] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by setting the angle difference α1-β1 between the first air slot 41 and the second air slot 42 to be no less than 15° under the first pole, and ensuring that this difference is less than the angle difference α2-β2 under the second pole, this asymmetric and gradually changing structural characteristic is utilized to dynamically optimize the air gap magnetic field distribution during motor rotation. Especially during the speed change stage, it can effectively suppress torque pulsation caused by uneven magnetic field distribution, ensure the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation, and significantly improve the motor's starting capability and output stability across the entire speed range.

[0081] In one embodiment, under the same pole, the width of the first air slot 41 is w4, the width of the second air slot 42 is w5, and the width of the third air slot 43 is w6, where w5 > w6 > w4.

[0082] In the same pole of the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by limiting the relationship between the width w4 of the first air slot 41, the width w5 of the second air slot 42, and the width w6 of the third air slot 43, it is ensured that w5 > w6 > w4. This effectively utilizes the magnetic field characteristics of air slots of different widths when the motor is rotating, optimizes the magnetic circuit distribution, and can effectively improve the reluctance torque, while suppressing torque pulsation, especially during motor acceleration and stable operation, ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation, and enhancing the dynamic response capability and overall performance of the motor.

[0083] In one embodiment, the permanent magnet 6 includes a first permanent magnet 61, a second permanent magnet 62, and a third permanent magnet 63 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet 61 is disposed in the first magnetic groove 51, the second permanent magnet 62 is disposed in the second magnetic groove 52, and the third permanent magnet 63 is disposed in the third magnetic groove 53. The thickness of the first permanent magnet 61 is w1, the thickness of the second permanent magnet 62 is w2, and the thickness of the third permanent magnet 63 is w3, where w1 = w2 < w3.

[0084] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, a first permanent magnet 61 with a thickness of w1, a second permanent magnet 62 with a thickness of w2, and a third permanent magnet 63 with a thickness of w3 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis, such that w1=w2<w3. Through the gradient distribution of the permanent magnet thickness, the motor's anti-demagnetization capability is effectively improved. Especially during high-speed operation, the thicker design of the third permanent magnet 63 significantly enhances the motor's ability to resist external disturbances. Moreover, during motor startup and the entire operation process, this structure optimizes the magnetic flux path, increases the permanent magnet torque, and reduces magnetic circuit saturation, thereby greatly reducing torque pulsation and ensuring efficient and stable motor operation.

[0085] In one embodiment, 1.2w1 < w3.

[0086] By setting the thickness w3 of the third permanent magnet 63 to be more than 1.2 times the thickness w1 of the first permanent magnet 61 (i.e., 1.2w1 < w3), the thicker third permanent magnet 63 can further enhance the anti-demagnetization capability during the high-speed operation of the motor, effectively counteracting the distortion of magnetic lines of force and external electromagnetic interference caused by high-speed rotation, ensuring the magnetic field strength and stability of the permanent magnet at high speed, thereby significantly improving the operating reliability of the motor, reducing torque pulsation, and ensuring the smooth operation of the motor under high load and high speed conditions.

[0087] In one embodiment, at one pole, there are two magnetic steel slots 5 in each layer, and the two magnetic steel slots 5 are arranged at intervals. Each magnetic steel slot 5 is provided with a permanent magnet 6, and the two permanent magnets 6 located in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis.

[0088] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the number of magnet slots 5 in each layer under each pole is set to two, and they are arranged at intervals. Each magnet slot 5 is equipped with a permanent magnet 6, and the two permanent magnets 6 are symmetrically distributed about the d-axis. Through this structural design, the magnetic flux distribution can be balanced throughout the motor's start-up and operation. Especially in the magnetic field interaction and torque generation stages, the symmetrically distributed permanent magnets ensure the electromagnetic balance of the motor at various rotational positions, effectively improving the reluctance torque, reducing torque pulsation, ensuring the smoothness and high efficiency of motor operation, and enhancing the motor's anti-demagnetization characteristics, thereby improving the motor's reliability and performance under complex working conditions.

[0089] In one embodiment, the permanent magnet 6 is rectangular and includes a first permanent magnet 61, a second permanent magnet 62, and a third permanent magnet 63 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet 61 is disposed in the first magnetic groove 51, the second permanent magnet 62 is disposed in the second magnetic groove 52, and the third permanent magnet 63 is disposed in the third magnetic groove 53. The width of the first permanent magnet 61 along the q-axis is l1, the width of the second permanent magnet 62 along the q-axis is l2, and the width of the third permanent magnet 63 along the q-axis is l3, where l1 > l2 > l3.

[0090] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the permanent magnet 6 adopts a rectangular structure, including a first permanent magnet 61, a second permanent magnet 62, and a third permanent magnet 63 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The widths of the first permanent magnet 61, the second permanent magnet 62, and the third permanent magnet 63 decrease sequentially along the q-axis, i.e., l1 > l2 > l3. By designing a gradient change in the width of the permanent magnets, not only is the magnetic flux effectively improved and the permanent magnet torque optimized during the motor startup phase, but also the magnetic field distribution can be dynamically adjusted during the full-speed operation of the motor to reduce magnetic circuit saturation, reduce torque pulsation, and ensure the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation. Especially under high load and high speed conditions, the motor exhibits superior dynamic response capability and energy conversion efficiency, comprehensively improving the performance of the motor.

[0091] In one embodiment, l1 > 1.2l2 > 1.2l3.

[0092] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the width of the rectangular permanent magnet along the q-axis is set to l1 > 1.2l2 > 1.2l3. The width l1 of the first permanent magnet 61 is significantly larger than the widths of the second permanent magnet 62 and the third permanent magnet 63. This width gradient ratio design maximizes the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet and improves the permanent magnet torque throughout the motor's operation, especially during startup and high-speed operation. In addition, it effectively controls the saturation of the magnetic circuit in a dynamically changing magnetic field environment, significantly reduces torque ripple, and ensures the smooth operation and energy conversion efficiency of the motor. The motor performs even better, especially in operating conditions that require high output capacity and low ripple.

[0093] In one embodiment, at one pole, there are two magnetic slots 5 in each layer, with the two magnetic slots 5 spaced apart. Each magnetic slot 5 contains a permanent magnet 6. The two permanent magnets 6 in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis. In the same magnetic barrier layer, the connecting ribs 10 include a first inner rib 101, a second inner rib 103, a third inner rib 104, and an outer rib 102. The first inner rib 101 is located between two adjacent magnetic slots 5, the second inner rib 103 is located between the magnetic slot 5 and the air slot 4, the third inner rib 104 is located between the air slot 4 and the filling slot 7, and the outer rib 102 is located between the filling slot 7 and the outer circle of the rotor. The width of the first inner rib 101 is w10, the width of the second inner rib 103 is w11, the width of the third inner rib 104 is w12, and the width of the outer rib 102 is w13. 0 < w10 = w11 = w12 = w13 ≤ 2σ, where σ is the width of the air gap between the stator and rotor.

[0094] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, two magnet slots 5 are arranged under each pole in each layer, embedding a pair of permanent magnets 6 symmetrical about the d-axis. These are combined with a specifically arranged first inner layer rib 101, second inner layer rib 103, third inner layer rib 104, and outer layer rib 102, with a width set to 0 < w10 = w11 = w12 = w13 ≤ 2σ. This embodiment aims to optimize the magnetic field distribution, reduce torque ripple, and improve the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets by setting the width of the connecting ribs. The width of the connecting ribs affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field and the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets, thus affecting the magnitude of torque ripple. This embodiment optimizes the magnetic field distribution, reduces torque ripple, improves the motor's running smoothness and efficiency, and enhances the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets, thereby improving the motor's reliability.

[0095] Through this structural design, during the entire operation of the motor, especially during the start-up and high-speed operation phases, by reasonably controlling the width of the connecting ribs to be within twice the width of the air gap, the mechanical strength of the rotor and the stability of the permanent magnet are significantly enhanced. This effectively avoids magnet displacement and magnetic circuit saturation during high-speed rotation, while optimizing the magnetic field distribution, reducing torque pulsation, and ensuring the smoothness and high efficiency of motor operation. Especially in application scenarios requiring high output capacity and low torque fluctuation, the motor performs even better, comprehensively improving the reliability and stability of the motor.

[0096] In one embodiment, under the same pole, a magnetic channel is formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers. The width of the magnetic channel between the first magnetic groove 51 and the second magnetic groove 52 is k1, and the width of the magnetic channel between the second magnetic groove 52 and the third magnetic groove 53 is k2, where k1 > k2.

[0097] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, under the same pole, the width of the magnetic channel formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers gradually decreases from the width k1 between the first magnet slot 51 and the second magnet slot 52 to the width k2 between the second magnet slot 52 and the third magnet slot 53, i.e., k1 > k2. This increases the saliency difference of the formed magnetic barrier layer, generating reluctance torque. Simultaneously, it avoids overload of the magnetic channel between permanent magnets, reduces rotor saturation, maximizes permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque, and increases the motor's output capacity. Throughout the motor's operation, especially during the dynamic transition from start-up to stable operation, the above structural design optimizes the flow path of magnetic lines of force, increases the contribution of reluctance torque, avoids excessive saturation of the magnetic circuit, significantly reduces torque pulsation during motor operation, and ensures smooth and efficient power output across the entire speed range.

[0098] In one embodiment, k1 > 1.2k2.

[0099] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, by setting the magnetic channel width k1 between the first magnet slot 51 and the second magnet slot 52 under the same pole to be more than 1.2 times the magnetic channel width k2 between the second magnet slot 52 and the third magnet slot 53 (i.e., k1 > 1.2k2), the magnetic channel width between the first and second layer magnet slots can be significantly increased throughout the entire operating cycle of the motor, especially during the starting and acceleration phases. This effectively optimizes the distribution and flow of magnetic flux, improves the overall magnetic conductivity and flexibility of the magnetic circuit, and thus significantly enhances the reluctance torque, reduces torque pulsation, and ensures the smoothness and efficiency of the motor from standstill to full speed operation.

[0100] In one embodiment, under the same pole, a magnetic channel is formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers, the minimum width of each magnetic channel is ki, and the thickness of the permanent magnet 6 corresponding to the magnetic channel is wi, where ki > wi.

[0101] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the minimum width ki of the magnetic channel formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers under the same pole is set to be larger than the thickness wi of the corresponding permanent magnet 6, i.e. ki > wi. During the entire operating cycle of the motor, especially from start-up to acceleration and then to stable operation, it can ensure that the width of the magnetic channel exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet, effectively avoiding local saturation of the magnetic circuit, promoting a smoother and more uniform flow of magnetic lines of force, thereby significantly improving the reluctance torque of the motor, reducing the torque ripple amplitude, and ensuring the smoothness and high efficiency of motor operation.

[0102] In one embodiment, ki > 1.8wi.

[0103] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the minimum width ki of the magnetic channel under the same pole is set much larger than the corresponding thickness wi of the permanent magnet 6, with a specific ratio of ki > 1.8wi. This ensures sufficient width between the magnet slots 5 and provides the rotor with ample magnetic circuit space, reducing rotor saturation. During motor operation, especially during rapid start-up, variable load handling, and high-speed stable operation, significantly widening the ratio of the magnetic channel to the permanent magnet thickness effectively promotes efficient and free flow of magnetic flux, avoids the bottleneck effect of a narrow magnetic circuit, significantly enhances reluctance torque, and greatly reduces torque ripple, ensuring smooth power output and excellent energy efficiency across the entire speed range from low to high.

[0104] In one embodiment, the filling groove 7 further includes a d-axis filling groove 72 and an independent filling groove 71. The independent filling groove 71 is located between two adjacent first filling grooves 73, and the d-axis filling groove 72 is located radially outside the third filling groove 75 along the d-axis direction. The d-axis filling groove 72 is arc-shaped.

[0105] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the diverse configuration of the filling slot 7, especially the introduction of the arc-shaped d-axis filling slot 72 and the independent filling slot 71 located between the first filling slot 73, can effectively improve performance at all stages of motor operation, from start-up to acceleration and high-efficiency stable operation. The arc-shaped design of the d-axis filling slot 72 optimizes the magnetic field distribution in the d-axis direction, effectively increasing the motor's permeability and improving the pull torque during startup. At the same time, it significantly increases the heat dissipation surface area and improves the motor's thermal management performance. The setting of the independent filling slot 71 breaks the continuity of the traditional magnetic barrier structure and introduces a non-uniform magnetic field distribution, thereby significantly enhancing the contribution of reluctance torque during dynamic motor operation, reducing torque pulsation, and ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of the motor throughout the entire process from standstill to high-speed operation. Especially in modern application environments that pursue high performance and low noise, it can greatly improve the motor's power response, energy efficiency, and operating quietness.

[0106] In one embodiment, the angle between the independent filling groove 71 and the first filling groove 73 that is closer to the other of the two adjacent first filling grooves 73 is η, where 5° < η < 20°.

[0107] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the included angle η formed between the independent filling slot 71 and the adjacent first filling slot 73 is less than 20° and greater than 5°. During the entire dynamic process from the moment the motor starts to full speed operation, this unique angle design breaks the uniform distribution of the magnetic field. By introducing the asymmetric magnetic field effect, it effectively enhances the starting torque and reluctance torque of the motor, while reducing torque pulsation. This ensures the smoothness and efficiency of the motor from low speed to high speed operation. Especially in modern application fields that seek high dynamic response, low noise and energy saving, it can significantly improve the operating performance of the motor.

[0108] In one embodiment, 10° < η < 15°.

[0109] The angle range between the independent filling slot and the first filling slot affects the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, thus affecting the magnitude of torque ripple. Simultaneously, it increases the motor's heat dissipation surface area, improving heat dissipation efficiency. This embodiment optimizes the magnetic field distribution, reduces torque ripple, and improves the motor's operational stability and efficiency by setting the angle range between the independent filling slot and the first filling slot. It also increases the motor's heat dissipation surface area, enhancing heat dissipation efficiency and improving the motor's starting capability.

[0110] In one embodiment, in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor core 2, the first filling groove 73 and the independent filling groove 71 are quadrilaterals, and the quadrilaterals have a tangent edge 1 on the side of the rotor outer circle near the rotor core 2. The second filling groove 74 and the third filling groove 75 are both triangles, with the apex of the triangle facing the rotor outer circle.

[0111] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the first filling slot 73 and the independent filling slot 71 adopt a quadrilateral design with a chamfered edge on the side close to the outer circle of the rotor. The second filling slot 74 and the third filling slot 75 are triangular structures with their tips facing the outer circle of the rotor. These unique filling slot shapes can optimize the magnetic field distribution and significantly improve the motor's starting capability and operating efficiency during the dynamic process from motor start-up to full-speed operation. The chamfered quadrilateral design of the first filling slot 73 and the independent filling slot 71 not only increases the reluctance torque during the motor start-up stage and effectively improves the pull-in torque, but also reduces torque pulsation during operation by optimizing the air gap magnetic field distribution of the rotor structure, ensuring the smooth operation of the motor. The triangular design of the second filling slot 74 and the third filling slot 75, with their tips aligned with the outer circle of the rotor, further reduces the impact on the magnetic circuit, promotes the effective flow of magnetic flux, and provides additional dynamic response capability during the motor acceleration stage, ensuring smooth power output from low speed to high speed.

[0112] In one embodiment, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove 72 is greater than the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of other filling grooves 7, and the relationship between the minimum diameter D2 of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove 72 and the diameter D of the outer circle of the rotor core 2 satisfies 0.91D≤D2≤0.95D.

[0113] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the d-axis filling slot 72 is set with a minimum diameter D2 of its distribution circle that is 0.91 to 0.95 times the outer diameter D of the rotor. This provides sufficient rotor space for arranging the permanent magnet 6 and the magnetic channel, while also increasing the filling slot area and improving the motor's starting capability.

[0114] Through the above design, during the entire process from motor startup to high-speed stable operation, it can be ensured that the d-axis filling groove 72 is located closer to the outer edge of the rotor. The motor can more effectively utilize the magnetic field space of the rotor's outer edge, significantly enhancing the asynchronous torque during the startup phase and accelerating the motor's startup process. At the same time, the close arrangement of the d-axis filling groove 72 with the rotor's outer circle optimizes the air gap magnetic field distribution, effectively weakening the cogging torque during operation, greatly reducing torque pulsation, and ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of the motor from low speed to high speed.

[0115] In one embodiment, under the first pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove 73 is D4, and under the second pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove 73 is D5, where D4≥D5. The relationship between the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove 73 and the diameter of the outer circle of the rotor core 2 satisfies 0.84D≤D5≤D4≤0.9D.

[0116] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the minimum diameters D4 and D5 of the distribution circles of the first filling slot 73 under the first and second poles are precisely designed to ensure that D4 is greater than or equal to D5 and that both are located between 0.84 and 0.9 times the outer diameter D of the rotor. Through the above structural constraints, a significant performance improvement is achieved in the dynamic process of the motor from standstill to full speed operation. By setting the radial depth of the first filling slot 73 differently under the first and second poles, the motor can more effectively generate reluctance torque during the starting phase, promoting the motor to quickly pull in and overcome the standstill state. At the same time, during high-speed operation, the optimized filling slot depth helps to maintain the uniform distribution of the air gap magnetic field, significantly reducing torque pulsation and ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of motor operation.

[0117] In one embodiment, the outer circumference of the rotor core 2 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary slots 11. The auxiliary slots 11 are semi-circular and are located between the d-axis filling slot 72 and the third filling slot 75. The auxiliary slots 11 on both sides of the d-axis are symmetrical about the d-axis. Under the same pole, the angle between the line connecting the center of the two auxiliary slots 11 on both sides of the d-axis and the center of the rotor core 2 is θ. The angle between the line connecting the two endpoints of the d-axis filling slot 72 in the circumferential direction and the center of the rotor core 2 is δ, where θ > δ.

[0118] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the outer circumference of the rotor core 2 is provided with multiple semi-circular auxiliary slots 11, which are located between the d-axis filling slot 72 and the third filling slot 75 and are symmetrically distributed about the d-axis. During the process of motor start-up to high-speed operation, the structural design of the auxiliary slots 11, especially the design of θ>δ, can be used to make the d-axis filling slot 72 located between the two semi-circular auxiliary slots 11, which significantly enhances the uniformity of the air gap magnetic field distribution, effectively weakens the cogging torque, and greatly reduces torque pulsation, so that the motor can obtain better dynamic response capability and stability during the start-up stage. At the same time, the special position and symmetry of the auxiliary slots enhance the heat dissipation performance of the motor and improve the cooling efficiency, thereby maintaining higher energy efficiency and lower temperature rise during high-speed operation of the motor.

[0119] In one embodiment, 30° > θ > δ > 15°.

[0120] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the angle range of θ and δ is precisely controlled within the range of 30° > θ > δ > 15°. This angle configuration can refine the magnetic field distribution, thereby optimizing the air gap magnetic field distribution, weakening the cogging torque, reducing torque pulsation during motor operation, and increasing the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the motor to improve heat dissipation efficiency.

[0121] Through the above design, the performance of the motor is significantly improved from startup to efficient and stable operation. By optimizing the θ angle to be greater than the δ angle and both within the range of 15° to 30°, the motor cleverly balances the distribution of the air gap magnetic field, greatly reducing the torque pulsation caused by the cogging effect, ensuring the smoothness and rapid response of the motor during startup, as well as the torque uniformity and efficiency during high-speed operation.

[0122] In one embodiment, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove 72 is D2, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the second filling groove 74 and the third filling groove 75 is D3, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the independent filling groove 71 is D6, and the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove 73 is D2≥D3>D6>D4.

[0123] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the radial layout of the d-axis filling slot 72, the second filling slot 74, the third filling slot 75, and the independent filling slot 71 and the first filling slot 73 follows the sophisticated principle of D2≥D3>D6>D4. This filling slot distribution architecture significantly optimizes the motor's starting performance and operating efficiency from startup to full-speed operation. Especially during the motor startup phase, setting D2 as the maximum diameter ensures that the d-axis filling slot 72 can maximize the asynchronous torque, promoting rapid motor startup. D3 follows closely, providing a reasonable depth distribution for the second filling slot 74 and the third filling slot 75, which helps balance the magnetic field distribution and reduce... While reducing torque pulsation, the contribution of reluctance torque is increased. D6 is designed as a transitional value between D3 and D4. This unique distribution of the independent filler slots 71 ensures the integrity of the rotor magnetic circuit and increases asynchronous torque, accelerating the smooth transition of the motor from low speed to high speed. D4 ensures the proper position of the first filler slot 73 inside the rotor, optimizing the motor's pull torque and starting capability, while avoiding excessive saturation of the magnetic circuit, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the motor during high-speed operation. This progressively smaller filler slot design not only significantly enhances the motor's power response capability but also achieves the dual goals of low torque pulsation and high efficiency throughout the entire operating cycle.

[0124] In one embodiment, D2 ≥ D3 > D6 > 1.05D4.

[0125] In the design of the filling slots, the minimum diameter gradient layout of the filling slots, where D2≥D3>D6>1.05D4, significantly optimizes the dynamic starting performance and operating efficiency of the motor, especially during the transition from standstill to high-speed operation. The d-axis filling slot 72, with its maximum radial depth D2, effectively expands the range of asynchronous torque, promoting rapid motor response and smooth start-up. The second filling slot 74 and the third filling slot 75, with their radial depths D3, precisely control the balance between reluctance torque and permanent magnet torque in the magnetic circuit, reducing torque pulsation and ensuring a smooth transition and efficient operation after motor start-up. The radial depth D6 of the independent filling slot 71, as a key bridge connecting the inner and outer magnetic circuits, not only maintains the overall continuity of the magnetic circuit but also moderately enhances the asynchronous torque, accelerating the transition of the motor from start-up to a stable state. The minimum radial depth of the first filling slot 73 is strictly controlled within 1.05 times D4, effectively avoiding saturation caused by excessive concentration of the magnetic circuit, while ensuring sufficient pull-in torque, enabling the motor to exhibit excellent starting capability and stable output characteristics throughout the entire process from low speed to high speed. This progressive radial depth design not only significantly improves the starting efficiency of the motor but also achieves a significant reduction in torque pulsation during high-speed operation.

[0126] In one embodiment, the rotor core 2 is provided with shaft hole 8, connecting hole 9, end ring 13 and baffle 12. The end ring 13 is provided at both ends of the rotor core 2. The filling groove 7 is filled with conductive and non-magnetic material. The conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end ring 13 to form a rotor squirrel cage. The baffle 12 is provided at both ends of the rotor core 2 and is connected and fixed by a connector provided in the connecting hole 9.

[0127] In a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the rotor core 2 is equipped with a shaft hole 8, a connecting hole 9, an end ring 13, and a baffle 12. The end ring 13 is short-circuited to the filling groove 7 filled with conductive and non-magnetic material, forming a stable rotor squirrel cage. The baffle 12 is precisely fixed to both ends of the rotor core 2 and firmly locked in place by connectors such as rivets or connecting bolts in the connecting hole 9. This structural design significantly enhances the motor's self-starting capability and overall operational stability throughout the entire process of motor startup and continuous operation. Especially at the moment of motor startup, due to the asynchronous torque effect of the rotor squirrel cage, the motor can quickly overcome static friction and smoothly enter synchronous operation. During the high-speed stable operation phase, the fixing effect of the baffle 12 and the conductive and non-magnetic material in the filling groove 7 work together to not only effectively prevent the axial displacement of the permanent magnet 6 and eliminate the vibration noise caused by the sliding of the permanent magnet 6, ensuring the reliability of the motor during long-term operation, but also improve the cooling efficiency of the motor and reduce the temperature rise by increasing the heat dissipation path of the rotor core 2, thereby ensuring the energy efficiency and lifespan of the motor during high-performance operation.

[0128] In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the baffle 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the end ring 13, and the inner diameter of the baffle 12 is larger than the diameter of the shaft hole 8.

[0129] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the baffle 12 and end ring 13, through the structural design of their outer and inner diameters, form effective axial positioning and radial support, ensuring the stability of the permanent magnet 6 and the rotor core 2 and the reliability of the overall structure throughout the entire process from motor start-up to high-speed operation. The outer diameter of the baffle 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the end ring 13, forming a radial gap between the baffle 12 and the end ring 13, avoiding direct contact between components during operation and reducing mechanical friction and wear. At the same time, the inner diameter of the baffle 12 is larger than the diameter of the shaft hole 8, preventing interference between the baffle 12 and the rotating shaft. Through the above design, the starting performance and smooth operation capability of the motor can be significantly enhanced.

[0130] In one embodiment, the baffle 12 is located at both ends of the rotor core 2, and the outer diameter of the baffle 12 differs from the inner diameter of the end ring 13 by 1 mm; the filling range of the molding compound 14 is between the rotor core 2 and the end ring, and the molding compound molds the baffle 12, the filling material in the magnet slot 5 and the air slot 4 is a non-conductive and non-magnetic material such as resin.

[0131] In one embodiment, the magnetic groove 5 is filled with a non-conductive and non-magnetic material, and the permanent magnet 6 is fixed in the magnetic groove 5 by the non-conductive and non-magnetic material; or, the rotor core 2 is provided with a shaft hole 8, a connecting hole 9, an end ring 13 and a baffle 12, the end ring 13 is provided at both ends of the rotor core 2, the filling groove 7 is filled with a conductive and non-magnetic material, the conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end ring 13 to form a rotor squirrel cage, the baffle 12 is provided at both ends of the rotor core 2, and the rotor core 2, the permanent magnet 6, the end ring 13 and the baffle 12 are encapsulated together by a plastic sealant 14.

[0132] In the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, the magnet slot 5 is filled with non-conductive and non-magnetic material. The rotor core 2, permanent magnet 6, end ring 13, and baffle 12 are encapsulated together by plastic sealant 14, forming a robust electromagnetic integrated structure that significantly improves the motor's starting efficiency and operational stability. In particular, the non-conductive and non-magnetic material filling the magnet slot 5 not only precisely fixes the permanent magnet 6, preventing displacement caused by vibration or centrifugal force during operation, but also optimizes the current flow path in the rotor squirrel cage through insulation, enhancing asynchronous torque and accelerating the motor's transient response from standstill to synchronous operation. The integrated encapsulation of the rotor assembly and the plastic sealant not only provides additional mechanical strength, ensuring precise alignment and secure connection of each component, but also significantly improves the motor's thermal management performance and reduces operating temperature by increasing the rotor's heat dissipation area and improving the heat conduction path. Thus, the motor exhibits excellent power response, stable output characteristics, and a long service life throughout the entire process from startup to high-speed operation.

[0133] Figure 8 The figure shows the torque and torque pulsation curves of a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor under rated load. When the amount of permanent magnets is the same, the average torque of the prior art (the magnetic barrier has a symmetrical structure) is lower than that of the present invention. At the same time, the torque pulsation of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the prior art. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can significantly suppress torque pulsation through its asymmetrical structure.

[0134] Figure 9 The figure shows the relationship between the magnetic barrier angle and torque pulsation of a self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor. The torque pulsation increases with the increase of the magnetic barrier angle. Compared with the prior art, in order to ensure that there is enough rotor space to arrange multiple layers of permanent magnets, the magnetic barrier angle of the present invention is between 20° and 80°.

[0135] Figure 10 The figure shows a comparison of three design schemes provided in this invention: Scheme 1: the first layer of magnetic barriers has angles of 60° and 80°, the second layer has angles of 50° and 30°, and the third layer has angles of 45° and 50°; Scheme 2: the first layer has angles of 70° and 90°, the second layer has angles of 60° and 40°, and the third layer has angles of 55° and 60°; Scheme 3: the first layer has angles of 50° and 70°, the second layer has angles of 40° and 20°, and the third layer has angles of 35° and 40°. As can be seen from the figure, the motor in this embodiment exhibits significantly lower torque ripple, with the effect being particularly pronounced when the first layer of magnetic barriers has angles of 70° and 90°, the second layer has angles of 60° and 40°, and the third layer has angles of 55° and 60°.

[0136] Figure 11The figure shows the efficiency of the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor at different output torques. When the output torque is the same, the efficiency of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the prior art. Moreover, as the output torque gradually increases, the difference between the efficiency of the present invention and the prior art also gradually increases, and the efficiency is significantly improved.

[0137] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor includes the rotor structure described above.

[0138] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0139] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0140] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotor structure, characterized in that, The system includes a rotor core (2) and a permanent magnet (6). The rotor core (2) is provided with multiple air slots (4), multiple filling slots (7), and multiple magnet slots (5). The permanent magnet (6) is installed in the magnet slots (5). The filling slots (7) include q-axis filling slots (7). Under the same pole, the air slots (4), the filling slots (7), and the magnet slots (5) located in the same layer along the d-axis form a magnetic barrier layer. The magnetic barrier layer has three layers. The air slots (4), the filling slots (7), and the magnet slots (5) located in the same layer are separated by connecting ribs (10). The magnet slots (5) include a first magnet slot (51), a second magnet slot (52), and a third magnet slot (53) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The air slots (4) include a first magnet slot (51), a second magnet slot (52), and a third magnet slot (53) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. Air slot (41), second air slot (42) and third air slot (43), the q-axis filling slot (7) includes a first filling slot (73), a second filling slot (74) and a third filling slot (75) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis direction. Along the direction away from the d-axis, the magnet slot (5), the air slot (4) and the filling slot (7) located on the same layer are arranged sequentially. The rotor structure includes an adjacent first pole and a second pole. Under the first pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside direction, the included angle between the outer circumferential sides of the two air slots (4) located on both sides of the d-axis is α1, β1 and γ1 respectively. Under the second pole, along the d-axis from the inside to the outside direction, the included angle between the outer circumferential sides of the two air slots (4) located on both sides of the d-axis is α2, β2 and γ2 respectively. α1≠α2, β1≠β2, γ1≠γ2.

2. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, α1-β1<α2-β2, γ1-β1<γ2-β2.

3. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, α1<α2, β1>β2, γ1<γ2.

4. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor core (2) includes a rotor outer circle. The first filling groove (73) extends from the end of the first air groove (41) along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. The second filling groove (74) extends from the end of the second air groove (42) along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. The third filling groove (75) extends from the end of the third air groove (43) along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. Each filling groove (7) has a tangent (1) on the side near the d-axis. Under the first pole, the angle between the tangent (1) of the first filling groove (73) and the d-axis is φ1. The second filling groove (74) extends from the end of the first air groove (42) along the q-axis towards the rotor outer circle. The angle between the tangent (1) of the third filling groove (75) and the d-axis is ρ1, and the angle between the tangent (1) of the third filling groove (75) and the d-axis is ε1. Under the second pole, the angle between the tangent (1) of the first filling groove (73) and the d-axis is φ2, the angle between the tangent (1) of the second filling groove (74) and the d-axis is ρ2, and the angle between the tangent (1) of the third filling groove (75) and the d-axis is ε2. φ1≠φ2, ρ1≠ρ2, ε1≠ε2, φ1>α1 / 2, ρ1>β1 / 2, ε1>γ1 / 2, φ2>α2 / 2, ρ2>β2 / 2, ε2>γ2 / 2.

5. The rotor structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, φ1>φ2>α2 / 2>α1 / 2, ρ2>ρ1>β1 / 2>β2 / 2, ε1>ε2>γ2 / 2>γ1 / 2.

6. The rotor structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, ρ1 < ε1, ρ2 > ε2.

7. The rotor structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, 35°≤ρ1, ε2≥45°.

8. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, α1>β1>γ1, α2>β2>γ3.

9. The rotor structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, 60°≥α1>β1>γ1≥30°, 80°≥α2>β2>γ3≥50°.

10. The rotor structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, 15°≤α1-β1＜α2-β2。 11. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the same pole, the width of the first air slot (41) is w4, the width of the second air slot (42) is w5, and the width of the third air slot (43) is w6, where w5 > w6 > w4.

12. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet (6) includes a first permanent magnet (61), a second permanent magnet (62) and a third permanent magnet (63) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet (61) is disposed in the first magnetic steel groove (51), the second permanent magnet (62) is disposed in the second magnetic steel groove (52), and the third permanent magnet (63) is disposed in the third magnetic steel groove (53). The thickness of the first permanent magnet (61) is w1, the thickness of the second permanent magnet (62) is w2, and the thickness of the third permanent magnet (63) is w3, where w1 = w2 < w3.

13. The rotor structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, 1.2w1 < w3.

14. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In one pole, the number of magnetic steel grooves (5) in each layer is two, the two magnetic steel grooves (5) are arranged at intervals, and each magnetic steel groove (5) is provided with a permanent magnet (6). The two permanent magnets (6) located in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis.

15. The rotor structure according to claim 14, characterized in that, The permanent magnet (6) is rectangular. The permanent magnet (6) includes a first permanent magnet (61), a second permanent magnet (62) and a third permanent magnet (63) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the d-axis. The first permanent magnet (61) is arranged in the first magnetic steel groove (51), the second permanent magnet (62) is arranged in the second magnetic steel groove (52), and the third permanent magnet (63) is arranged in the third magnetic steel groove (53). The width of the first permanent magnet (61) along the q-axis is l1, the width of the second permanent magnet (62) along the q-axis is l2, and the width of the third permanent magnet (63) along the q-axis is l3, where l1 > l2 > l3.

16. The rotor structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, l1＞1.2l2＞1.2l3。 17. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In one pole, each layer has two magnetic steel grooves (5), which are spaced apart. Each magnetic steel groove (5) contains one permanent magnet (6). The two permanent magnets (6) in the same layer are symmetrical about the d-axis. In the same layer of magnetic barrier, the connecting rib (10) includes a first inner rib (101), a second inner rib (103), a third inner rib (104), and an outer rib (102). The first inner rib (101) is located between two adjacent magnetic steel grooves (5), and the second inner rib (103) is located between the magnetic steel grooves (5). Between the slot (5) and the air slot (4), the third inner rib (104) is located between the air slot (4) and the filling slot (7), and the outer rib (102) is located between the filling slot (7) and the outer circle of the rotor core (2). The width of the first inner rib (101) is w10, the width of the second inner rib (103) is w11, the width of the third inner rib (104) is w12, and the width of the outer rib (102) is w13. 0 < w10 = w11 = w12 = w13 ≤ 2σ, where σ is the air gap width between the stator and rotor.

18. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the same pole, a magnetic channel is formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers. The width of the magnetic channel between the first magnetic steel groove (51) and the second magnetic steel groove (52) is k1, and the width of the magnetic channel between the second magnetic steel groove (52) and the third magnetic steel groove (53) is k2, where k1 > k2.

19. The rotor structure according to claim 18, characterized in that, k1 > 1.2k2.

20. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the same pole, a magnetic channel is formed between adjacent magnetic barrier layers. The minimum width of the magnetic channel in each layer is ki, and the thickness of the permanent magnet (6) corresponding to the magnetic channel is wi, where ki > wi.

21. The rotor structure according to claim 20, characterized in that, ki > 1.8wi.

22. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling groove (7) further includes a d-axis filling groove (72) and an independent filling groove (71). The independent filling groove (71) is located between two adjacent first filling grooves (73). The d-axis filling groove (72) is located radially outside the third filling groove (75) along the d-axis direction. The d-axis filling groove (72) is arc-shaped.

23. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, The included angle between the independent filling groove (71) and the first filling groove (73) that is closer to the other of the two adjacent first filling grooves (73) is η, where 5° < η < 20°.

24. The rotor structure according to claim 23, characterized in that, 10° < η < 15°.

25. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, In a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the rotor core (2), the first filling groove (73) and the independent filling groove (71) are quadrilaterals, and the quadrilaterals have a tangent edge (1) on the side of the rotor outer circle near the rotor core (2). The second filling groove (74) and the third filling groove (75) are both triangles, and the apex of the triangles faces the rotor outer circle.

26. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, The minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove (72) is greater than the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the other filling grooves (7). The relationship between the minimum diameter D2 of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove (72) and the diameter D of the outer circle of the rotor core (2) satisfies 0.91D≤D2≤0.95D.

27. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, Under the first pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove (73) is D4, and under the second pole, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove (73) is D5, D4≥D5. The relationship between the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove (73) and the diameter of the outer circle of the rotor core (2) satisfies 0.84D≤D5≤D4≤0.9D.

28. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, The rotor core (2) has multiple auxiliary slots (11) on its outer circumference. The auxiliary slots (11) are semi-circular and located between the d-axis filling slot (72) and the third filling slot (75). The auxiliary slots (11) on both sides of the d-axis are symmetrical about the d-axis. Under the same pole, the angle between the line connecting the center of the two auxiliary slots (11) on both sides of the d-axis and the center of the rotor core (2) is θ. The angle between the line connecting the two endpoints of the d-axis filling slot (72) along the circumferential direction and the center of the rotor core (2) is δ, where θ > δ.

29. The rotor structure according to claim 28, characterized in that, 30°>θ>δ>15°.

30. The rotor structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, The minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the d-axis filling groove (72) is D2, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the second filling groove (74) and the third filling groove (75) is D3, the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the independent filling groove (71) is D6, and the minimum diameter of the distribution circle of the first filling groove (73) is D2≥D3>D6>D4.

31. The rotor structure according to claim 30, characterized in that, D2≥D3>D6>1.05D4.

32. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor core (2) is provided with a shaft hole (8), a connecting hole (9), an end ring (13) and a baffle (12). The end ring (13) is provided at both ends of the rotor core (2). The filling groove (7) is filled with a conductive and non-magnetic material. The conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end ring (13) to form a rotor squirrel cage. The baffle (12) is provided at both ends of the rotor core (2) and is connected and fixed by a connector provided in the connecting hole (9).

33. The rotor structure according to claim 32, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the baffle (12) is smaller than the inner diameter of the end ring (13), and the inner diameter of the baffle (12) is larger than the diameter of the shaft hole (8).

34. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic steel groove (5) is filled with a non-conductive and non-magnetic material, and the permanent magnet (6) is fixed in the magnetic steel groove (5) by the non-conductive and non-magnetic material; or, the rotor core (2) is provided with a shaft hole (8), a connecting hole (9), an end ring (13) and a baffle (12), the end ring (13) is provided at both ends of the rotor core (2), the filling groove (7) is filled with a conductive and non-magnetic material, the conductive and non-magnetic material is short-circuited through the end ring (13) to form a rotor squirrel cage, the baffle (12) is provided at both ends of the rotor core (2), and the rotor core (2), the permanent magnet (6), the end ring (13) and the baffle (12) are encapsulated together by a plastic sealant (14).

35. A self-starting permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, characterized in that, The rotor structure includes any one of claims 1 to 34.

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